Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104869
Rémi Nguyen Van , Pauline Houssel-Debry , Domitille Erard , Jérôme Dumortier , Anne Pouvaret , Guillaume Bergez , François Danion , Laure Surgers , Vincent Le Moing , Nassim Kamar , Fanny Lanternier , Pierre Tattevin
Background
Liver transplant recipients are at risk of tuberculosis, which is particularly difficult-to diagnose and to treat in this population.
Methods
Retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis diagnosed from 2007 to 2022 in the French network of liver transplant sites.
Results
Twenty-three liver transplant recipients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (six females, median age 59 years [interquartile range, 54–62]), with a median time lapse of 10 months [5–40.5] after transplant, and 38 days [26–60] after symptoms onset. Primary modes of pathogenesis were latent tuberculosis reactivation (n = 15) and transplant-related transmission (n = 3). Even though most patients with pre-transplant data had risk factors for tuberculosis (11/20), IFN-gamma release assay was performed in only three. Most cases involved extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (20/23, 87 %). With median follow-up of 63 months [24–108], five patients died (22 %), including four tuberculosis-related deaths.
Conclusions
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a severe disease in liver transplant recipients. Systematic pre-transplant screening of latent tuberculosis may prevent most of them.
{"title":"Characteristics, management, and outcome of tuberculosis after liver transplant: A case series and literature review","authors":"Rémi Nguyen Van , Pauline Houssel-Debry , Domitille Erard , Jérôme Dumortier , Anne Pouvaret , Guillaume Bergez , François Danion , Laure Surgers , Vincent Le Moing , Nassim Kamar , Fanny Lanternier , Pierre Tattevin","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Liver transplant recipients are at risk of tuberculosis, which is particularly difficult-to diagnose and to treat in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis diagnosed from 2007 to 2022 in the French network of liver transplant sites.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-three liver transplant recipients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (six females, median age 59 years [interquartile range, 54–62]), with a median time lapse of 10 months [5–40.5] after transplant, and 38 days [26–60] after symptoms onset. Primary modes of pathogenesis were latent tuberculosis reactivation (n = 15) and transplant-related transmission (n = 3). Even though most patients with pre-transplant data had risk factors for tuberculosis (11/20), IFN-gamma release assay was performed in only three. Most cases involved extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (20/23, 87 %). With median follow-up of 63 months [24–108], five patients died (22 %), including four tuberculosis-related deaths.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is a severe disease in liver transplant recipients. Systematic pre-transplant screening of latent tuberculosis may prevent most of them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000241/pdfft?md5=72d2854b3a8a0f02fc40f3f46d8348d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104877
Rachael O.A. Falana , Oluwakemi C. Ogidan , Boluwaji R. Fajemilehin
Objective
While infection prevention and control are of paramount importance, up until recently an assessment of implementation challenges and performance gaps was lacking. This study explored the barriers to infection prevention and control implementation at selected healthcare facilities, the objective being to find ways to improve their programs.
Material and Method
A qualitative approach was applied. Purposive sampling was used to select thirty-three healthcare facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. They were globally assessed, and an Infection Prevention and Control team, represented by the Infection Prevention and Control referent in each of the selected facilities trained the participants. Data were collected using the Key Informant Interview Guide and analyzed by means of content and thematic analyses using Atlas.ti software.
Results
Inadequate infection prevention and control materials, poor waste management, non-compliance of patients with infection prevention and control protocols, and poor infrastructure were identified as major barriers to infection prevention and control implementation.
Conclusion
The study concluded that a number of identified factors hindering infection prevention and control implementation in healthcare facilities in Ekiti State needed to be addressed.
{"title":"Barriers to infection prevention and control implementation in selected healthcare facilities in Nigeria","authors":"Rachael O.A. Falana , Oluwakemi C. Ogidan , Boluwaji R. Fajemilehin","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>While infection prevention and control are of paramount importance, up until recently an assessment of implementation challenges and performance gaps was lacking. This study explored the barriers to infection prevention and control implementation at selected healthcare facilities, the objective being to find ways to improve their programs.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Method</h3><p>A qualitative approach was applied. Purposive sampling was used to select thirty-three healthcare facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. They were globally assessed, and an Infection Prevention and Control team, represented by the Infection Prevention and Control referent in each of the selected facilities trained the participants. Data were collected using the Key Informant Interview Guide and analyzed by means of content and thematic analyses using Atlas.ti software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Inadequate infection prevention and control materials, poor waste management, non-compliance of patients with infection prevention and control protocols, and poor infrastructure were identified as major barriers to infection prevention and control implementation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study concluded that a number of identified factors hindering infection prevention and control implementation in healthcare facilities in Ekiti State needed to be addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000320/pdfft?md5=630e6f38117955884d38a72cc2601b3d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139939958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104867
T. Lemmet , M. Bourne-Watrin , V. Gerber , F. Danion , A. Ursenbach , B. Hoellinger , N. Lefebvre , J. Mazzucotelli , F. Zeyons , Y. Hansmann , Y. Ruch
Objectives
Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) is a long-term antibiotic strategy at times applied when an indicated surgical management of infective endocarditis (IE) is not possible. Our aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients having received SAT for IE.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, observational study at Strasbourg University Hospital, France between January 2020 and May 2023. We reviewed all medical files taken into consideration at weekly meetings of the local Multidisciplinary Endocarditis Team (MET) during the study period. We included patients having received SAT following the MET evaluation. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at most recent follow-up. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at 3 and 6 months, infection relapse, and tolerance issues attributed to SAT.
Results
The MET considered 251 patients during the study time, among whom 22 (9 %) had received SAT. Mean age was 77.2 ± 12.3 years. Patients were highly comorbid with a mean Charlson index score of 6.6 ± 2.5. Main indication for SAT was surgery indicated but not performed or an infected device not removed (20/22). Fourteen patients had prosthetic valve IE, including 9 TAVIs. Six patients had IE affecting cardiac implantable electronic devices. Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were the main bacteria involved (6/22 each). Median follow-up time was 249 days (IQR 95–457 days). Mortality at most recent follow-up was 23 % (5/22). Three patients (14 %) presented tolerance issues attributed to SAT, and two patients suffered late infectious relapse.
Conclusion
Mortality at most recent follow-up was low and tolerance issues were rare for patients under SAT, which might be a palliative approach to consider when optimal surgery or device removal is not possible.
目的：抑制性抗生素治疗（SAT）是一种长期抗生素治疗策略，有时会在无法对感染性心内膜炎（IE）进行手术治疗时使用。我们的目的是描述接受 SAT 治疗的 IE 患者的特征和疗效：我们在 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月期间在法国斯特拉斯堡大学医院开展了一项回顾性观察研究。我们回顾了研究期间当地多学科心内膜炎团队（MET）每周例会上审议的所有医疗档案。我们纳入了在多学科心内膜炎小组评估后接受 SAT 治疗的患者。主要终点是最近一次随访时的全因死亡率。次要终点包括 3 个月和 6 个月的全因死亡率、感染复发以及对 SAT 的耐受性问题：在研究期间，MET 考虑了 251 名患者，其中 22 人（9%）接受过 SAT 治疗。平均年龄为 77.2 ± 12.3 岁。患者合并症较多，平均 Charlson 指数为 6.6 ± 2.5。SAT的主要适应症是有手术指征但未实施，或感染的装置未取出（20/22）。14名患者患有人工瓣膜IE，其中包括9例TAVI。6名患者的IE影响到心脏植入式电子设备。金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌是主要的感染细菌（各为 6/22）。随访时间中位数为 249 天（IQR 95-457 天）。最近一次随访的死亡率为 23%（5/22）。三名患者（14%）出现了因 SAT 导致的耐受性问题，两名患者晚期感染复发：最近一次随访时的死亡率很低，接受 SAT 治疗的患者很少出现耐受问题。
{"title":"Suppressive antibiotic therapy for infectious endocarditis","authors":"T. Lemmet , M. Bourne-Watrin , V. Gerber , F. Danion , A. Ursenbach , B. Hoellinger , N. Lefebvre , J. Mazzucotelli , F. Zeyons , Y. Hansmann , Y. Ruch","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT) is a long-term antibiotic strategy at times applied when an indicated surgical management of infective endocarditis (IE) is not possible. Our aim was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients having received SAT for IE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a retrospective, observational study at Strasbourg University Hospital, France between January 2020 and May 2023. We reviewed all medical files taken into consideration at weekly meetings of the local Multidisciplinary Endocarditis Team (MET) during the study period. We included patients having received SAT following the MET evaluation. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at most recent follow-up. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality at 3 and 6 months, infection relapse, and tolerance issues attributed to SAT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The MET considered 251 patients during the study time, among whom 22 (9 %) had received SAT. Mean age was 77.2 ± 12.3 years. Patients were highly comorbid with a mean Charlson index score of 6.6 ± 2.5. Main indication for SAT was surgery indicated but not performed or an infected device not removed (20/22). Fourteen patients had prosthetic valve IE, including 9 TAVIs. Six patients had IE affecting cardiac implantable electronic devices. Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were the main bacteria involved (6/22 each). Median follow-up time was 249 days (IQR 95–457 days). Mortality at most recent follow-up was 23 % (5/22). Three patients (14 %) presented tolerance issues attributed to SAT, and two patients suffered late infectious relapse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mortality at most recent follow-up was low and tolerance issues were rare for patients under SAT, which might be a palliative approach to consider when optimal surgery or device removal is not possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000228/pdfft?md5=514e05d8ef61a7a1abe95a4065ff582a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) mortality increases when pancreatic necrosis is infected (IPN). Current treatment of IPN relies on prolonged antibiotic therapies associated with a step-up strategy of drainage. The objective of this study was to analyze IPN treatment outcomes in two referral centers in France.
Methods
Data of consecutive patients with documented IPN hospitalized in two expert centers in France between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The composite primary outcome was the proportion of unsuccessful management outcome, defined as new emergency drainage to treat sepsis with organ failure, an unplanned new antibiotic course, an unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course and/or death by septic shock, within three months following the diagnosis of ANP.
Results
All in all, 187 patients (138 males; 74.0%), with documented IPN were included. The most frequently identified microorganism was Escherichia coli (26.2%). Ninety-eight patients (52.4%) were admitted to an intensive care unit or resuscitation ward within the first two days of ANP care. Overall, 126 patients (67.4%) endured an unsuccessful outcome: new emergency drainage to treat acute sepsis (62.0%), unplanned new antibiotic course (47.1%), unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course (44.9%) and/or death by septic shock complicating IPN (8.0%).
Conclusion
The unfavorable evolution in two thirds of patients shows that determination of optimal drainage timing and choice of antibiotic therapy remain major challenges in 2024.
{"title":"Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of infected pancreatic necrosis in France: a bicenter study","authors":"Yousra Kherabi , Claire Michoud , Khanh Villageois-Tran , Frédéric Bert , Mathieu Pioche , Agnès Lefort , Philippe Lévy , Vinciane Rebours , Virginie Zarrouk","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) mortality increases when pancreatic necrosis is infected (IPN). Current treatment of IPN relies on prolonged antibiotic therapies associated with a step-up strategy of drainage. The objective of this study was to analyze IPN treatment outcomes in two referral centers in France.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data of consecutive patients with documented IPN hospitalized in two expert centers in France between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The composite primary outcome was the proportion of unsuccessful management outcome, defined as new emergency drainage to treat sepsis with organ failure, an unplanned new antibiotic course, an unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course and/or death by septic shock, within three months following the diagnosis of ANP.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All in all, 187 patients (138 males; 74.0%), with documented IPN were included. The most frequently identified microorganism was <em>Escherichia coli</em> (26.2%). Ninety-eight patients (52.4%) were admitted to an intensive care unit or resuscitation ward within the first two days of ANP care. Overall, 126 patients (67.4%) endured an unsuccessful outcome: new emergency drainage to treat acute sepsis (62.0%), unplanned new antibiotic course (47.1%), unplanned prolongation of antibiotic course (44.9%) and/or death by septic shock complicating IPN (8.0%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The unfavorable evolution in two thirds of patients shows that determination of optimal drainage timing and choice of antibiotic therapy remain major challenges in 2024.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000216/pdfft?md5=3375a01cb8cce18c19b1c83182b49952&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000216-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104864
Yousra Kherabi , Michaël Thy , Donia Bouzid , David B. Antcliffe , Timothy Miles Rawson , Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
Introduction
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to predict antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review aims to provide physicians with an overview of the literature on ML as a means of AMR prediction.
Methods
References for this review were identified through searches of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library up to December 2023.
Results
Thirty-six studies were included in this review. Thirty-two studies (32/36, 89 %) were based on hospital data and four (4/36, 11 %) on outpatient data. The vast majority of them were conducted in high-resource settings (33/36, 92 %). Twenty-four (24/36, 67 %) studies developed systems to predict drug resistance in infected patients, eight (8/36, 22 %) tested the performances of ML-assisted antibiotic prescription, two (2/36, 6 %) assessed ML performances in predicting colonization with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and, finally, two assessed national and international AMR trends. The most common inputs were demographic characteristics (25/36, 70 %), previous antibiotic susceptibility testing (19/36, 53 %) and prior antibiotic exposure (15/36, 42 %). Thirty-three (92 %) studies targeted prediction of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) resistance as an output (92 %). The studies included showed moderate to high performances, with AUROC ranging from 0.56 to 0.93.
Conclusion
ML can potentially provide valuable assistance in AMR prediction. Although the literature on this topic is growing, future studies are needed to design, implement, and evaluate the use and impact of ML decision support systems.
导言：机器学习（ML）越来越多地被用于预测抗菌药耐药性（AMR）。本综述旨在为医生提供有关 ML 作为 AMR 预测手段的文献概览：方法：通过检索 MEDLINE/PubMed、EMBASE、Google Scholar、ACM 数字图书馆和 IEEE Xplore 数字图书馆（截至 2023 年 12 月），确定了本综述的参考文献：本综述共纳入 36 项研究。其中 32 项研究（32/36，89%）基于医院数据，4 项研究（4/36，11%）基于门诊数据。其中绝大多数是在高资源环境中进行的（33/36，92%）。24项研究（24/36，67%）开发了预测感染患者耐药性的系统，8项研究（n=8/36，22%）测试了ML辅助抗生素处方的性能，2项研究（n=2/36，6%）评估了ML在预测耐碳青霉烯细菌定植方面的性能，最后，2项研究评估了国内和国际AMR趋势。最常见的输入是人口统计学特征（25/36，70%）、既往抗生素药敏试验（19/36，53%）和既往抗生素暴露（15/36，42%）。有 33 项（92%）研究将革兰氏阴性菌 (GNB) 耐药性预测作为输出结果（92%）。所纳入的研究显示出中等到较高的性能，AUROC 从 0.56 到 0.93 不等：结论：ML 有可能为 AMR 预测提供有价值的帮助。结论：ML 有可能为 AMR 预测提供有价值的帮助。尽管有关该主题的文献越来越多，但未来仍需开展研究，以设计、实施和评估 ML 决策支持系统的使用和影响。
{"title":"Machine learning to predict antimicrobial resistance: future applications in clinical practice?","authors":"Yousra Kherabi , Michaël Thy , Donia Bouzid , David B. Antcliffe , Timothy Miles Rawson , Nathan Peiffer-Smadja","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used to predict antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This review aims to provide physicians with an overview of the literature on ML as a means of AMR prediction.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>References for this review were identified through searches of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library up to December 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-six studies were included in this review<strong>.</strong> Thirty-two studies (32/36, 89 %) were based on hospital data and four (4/36, 11 %) on outpatient data. The vast majority of them were conducted in high-resource settings (33/36, 92 %). Twenty-four (24/36, 67 %) studies developed systems to predict drug resistance in infected patients, eight (8/36, 22 %) tested the performances of ML-assisted antibiotic prescription, two (2/36, 6 %) assessed ML performances in predicting colonization with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and, finally, two assessed national and international AMR trends. The most common inputs were demographic characteristics (25/36, 70 %), previous antibiotic susceptibility testing (19/36, 53 %) and prior antibiotic exposure (15/36, 42 %). Thirty-three (92 %) studies targeted prediction of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) resistance as an output (92 %). The studies included showed moderate to high performances, with AUROC ranging from 0.56 to 0.93.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>ML can potentially provide valuable assistance in AMR prediction. Although the literature on this topic is growing, future studies are needed to design, implement, and evaluate the use and impact of ML decision support systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000198/pdfft?md5=319eed89f5174e2313b66e6555d0ba0e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To identify the potential target genes for detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) in pediatric acute encephalitis syndrome (pAES).
Methods
DNA was extracted from whole blood of 100 pAES cases having tested positive (n = 41) and negative (n = 59) for scrub typhus (ST) by IgM ELISA. These samples were subjected to standard PCR for 56 kDa, 47 kDa, 16 s rRNA, groEL, traD genes and the newly identified 27 kDa gene.
Results
Among the selected gene targets, 56 kDa demonstrated its superiority for OT detection over the other tested genes. The presence of OT was confirmed via PCR targeting 56 kDa gene in 17 out of the 41 (41.4 %) IgM-positive ST AES cases and 38 out of the 59 (64.4 %) ST IgM negative cases. None of the other gene targets were amplified.
Conclusion
Integration of serological diagnosis with molecular diagnostics targeting the 56 kDa gene for routine testing of AES patients would facilitate detection of OT in AES endemic regions.
{"title":"Integration of IgM ELISA and 56 kDa gene PCR in management of pediatric acute encephalitis syndrome associated with scrub typhus","authors":"Pooja Bhardwaj , Vishal Yadav , Alok Sharma , Shahzadi Gulafshan , Sthita Pragnya Behera , Gaurav Raj Dwivedi , Hirawati Deval , Vijayachari Paluru , Manoj Murhekar , Rajeev Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To identify the potential target genes for detection of <em>Orientia tsutsugamushi</em> (OT) in pediatric acute encephalitis syndrome (pAES).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>DNA was extracted from whole blood of 100 pAES cases having tested positive (n = 41) and negative (n = 59) for scrub typhus (ST) by IgM ELISA. These samples were subjected to standard PCR for 56 kDa, 47 kDa, 16 s rRNA, groEL, traD genes and the newly identified 27 kDa gene.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the selected gene targets, 56 kDa demonstrated its superiority for OT detection over the other tested genes. The presence of OT was confirmed via PCR targeting 56 kDa gene in 17 out of the 41 (41.4 %) IgM-positive ST AES cases and 38 out of the 59 (64.4 %) ST IgM negative cases. None of the other gene targets were amplified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Integration of serological diagnosis with molecular diagnostics targeting the 56 kDa gene for routine testing of AES patients would facilitate detection of OT in AES endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000204/pdfft?md5=3b12ec2a3b2063f17e1d1baf0c57a90d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104863
A. Saade , B. Wyplosz , M. Baldeyrou , C. Paris , P. Tattevin , C. Janssen , for the SPILF group “Vaccination et Prévention”
Objectives
To evaluate current organization of infection prevention for immunocompromised patients (ICP) at a countrywide level.
Methods
Nationwide cross-sectional multicenter study based on an online survey disseminated in 2022 to physicians invested with preventive healthcare missions.
Results
A total of 341 physicians (96% graduates, 32% infectious disease specialists), participated in the survey, with a median age of 40 [35–51] years. On-site access to infection prevention consultations for ICP was reported by 30%, dedicated pre-travel consultations for ICPs by 29%, consultations for infection prevention in solid organ transplant candidates by 16% and return-to-work consultations for ICPs by 6%. Most participants (73%) were aware of nationwide vaccination guidelines for ICP, while 50% felt comfortable using them. Tools for infection prevention advice and ICP vaccination had been developed by 10%, while 89% would have appreciated access to tools developed by others.
Conclusions
Infection prevention for ICPs remains neglected. Guidelines covering all fields of prevention for ICPs would be more than welcome.
{"title":"Infection prevention for immunocompromised patients: A cross-translational multicentric survey of current organization in France","authors":"A. Saade , B. Wyplosz , M. Baldeyrou , C. Paris , P. Tattevin , C. Janssen , for the SPILF group “Vaccination et Prévention”","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate current organization of infection prevention for immunocompromised patients (ICP) at a countrywide level.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Nationwide cross-sectional multicenter study based on an online survey disseminated in 2022 to physicians invested with preventive healthcare missions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 341 physicians (96% graduates, 32% infectious disease specialists), participated in the survey, with a median age of 40 [35–51] years. On-site access to infection prevention consultations for ICP was reported by 30%, dedicated pre-travel consultations for ICPs by 29%, consultations for infection prevention in solid organ transplant candidates by 16% and return-to-work consultations for ICPs by 6%. Most participants (73%) were aware of nationwide vaccination guidelines for ICP, while 50% felt comfortable using them. Tools for infection prevention advice and ICP vaccination had been developed by 10%, while 89% would have appreciated access to tools developed by others.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Infection prevention for ICPs remains neglected. Guidelines covering all fields of prevention for ICPs would be more than welcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000186/pdfft?md5=74fa29acbe7c3ae2ea217f07b4970822&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104861
Lin Mengjiao , Xu Yushan , Lv Yan , Cui Dawei , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Yongjun , Shen Cuifen , Xie Jue
Objectives
To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients.
Methods
We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels.
Results
Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods.
{"title":"Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in hospitalized patients before transfusion and volunteer blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China.","authors":"Lin Mengjiao , Xu Yushan , Lv Yan , Cui Dawei , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Yongjun , Shen Cuifen , Xie Jue","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666991924000162/pdfft?md5=34c3bdd43855a457b3ff9c839a509c69&pid=1-s2.0-S2666991924000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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