Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105189
Rhythm Sharma , Abhishek Walia , Dinesh Lakhanpal
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a negative-sense RNA virus in the Pneumoviridae family, has emerged as a major yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide. Since its identification in 2001, hMPV has shown steady genetic evolution into genotypes A and B, with newer sublineages such as A2.2.1, A2.2.2, and B2 currently detected across continents. A recent global rise in hMPV detections, detailed in reports from China, Europe, and the USA, likely reflects both expanded testing and the re-establishment of seasonal circulation following the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-infections with respiratory viruses, including RSV and influenza, contribute to severe clinical outcomes and hospital burden. Multiplex RT-PCR remains the most sensitive and widely used diagnostic method for detection of hMPV, outperforming conventional PCR approaches, while metagenomic sequencing and CRISPR-based assays are primarily research tools. Diagnostic sensitivity also varies with sample source, and access to advanced technologies remains globally uneven. Despite its growing clinical impact, no approved antiviral is available. Promising candidates, including monoclonal antibodies against the fusion protein, siRNA therapies, and mRNA-based vaccines, are in the early stages of development. This review encompasses recent evidence on hMPV epidemiology, molecular evolution, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic and vaccine development, underscoring a need for sustained surveillance, equitable diagnostic capacity, and proactive vaccine research more effectively addressing a largely overlooked respiratory pathogen.
{"title":"Human metapneumovirus: an underdiagnosed public health threat","authors":"Rhythm Sharma , Abhishek Walia , Dinesh Lakhanpal","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a negative-sense RNA virus in the <em>Pneumoviridae</em> family, has emerged as a major yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide. Since its identification in 2001, hMPV has shown steady genetic evolution into genotypes A and B, with newer sublineages such as A2.2.1, A2.2.2, and B2 currently detected across continents. A recent global rise in hMPV detections, detailed in reports from China, Europe, and the USA, likely reflects both expanded testing and the re-establishment of seasonal circulation following the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-infections with respiratory viruses, including RSV and influenza, contribute to severe clinical outcomes and hospital burden. Multiplex RT-PCR remains the most sensitive and widely used diagnostic method for detection of hMPV, outperforming conventional PCR approaches, while metagenomic sequencing and CRISPR-based assays are primarily research tools. Diagnostic sensitivity also varies with sample source, and access to advanced technologies remains globally uneven. Despite its growing clinical impact, no approved antiviral is available. Promising candidates, including monoclonal antibodies against the fusion protein, siRNA therapies, and mRNA-based vaccines, are in the early stages of development. This review encompasses recent evidence on hMPV epidemiology, molecular evolution, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic and vaccine development, underscoring a need for sustained surveillance, equitable diagnostic capacity, and proactive vaccine research more effectively addressing a largely overlooked respiratory pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"56 1","pages":"Article 105189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), which is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is primarily transmitted to humans through Ixodes bites of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes and, more rarely, by the consumption of contaminated dairy products. TBEV encompasses three main subtypes with distinct degrees of severity and clinical courses: European (TBEV-Eu), Siberian (TBEV-Sib), and Far Eastern (TBEV-FE). Over the past decade, TBE epidemiology has significantly changed in Europe, with increasing incidence in endemic countries and the discovery of new human case foci and areas of virus circulation. This emergence involves many factors of which the impacts are not easily determined. While most TBEV-Eu infections are asymptomatic, some patients develop signs of central nervous system involvement that can be severe (meningitis, encephalitis). While the mortality rate in humans is low (< 2 %), post-infectious sequelae (cognitive and/or motor) can occur in up to 40 % of cases. While TBE treatment is symptomatic, several antiviral treatments are under study. The emergence of TBEV in Europe, particularly in France, represents a significant public health issue. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the latest data concerning TBE, focusing on the epidemiology and clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of this emerging infection.
{"title":"Tick-borne encephalitis: An ancient pathology, but a current emergence in Europe","authors":"Baptiste Hoellinger , Assilina Parfut , Maëlle Grisard , Sandra Martin-Latil , Julie Denis , Olivier Augereau , Guillaume Gregorowicz , Martin Martinot , Yves Hansmann , Aurélie Velay","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), which is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is primarily transmitted to humans through Ixodes bites of infected ticks of the genus Ixodes and, more rarely, by the consumption of contaminated dairy products. TBEV encompasses three main subtypes with distinct degrees of severity and clinical courses: European (TBEV-Eu), Siberian (TBEV-Sib), and Far Eastern (TBEV-FE). Over the past decade, TBE epidemiology has significantly changed in Europe, with increasing incidence in endemic countries and the discovery of new human case foci and areas of virus circulation. This emergence involves many factors of which the impacts are not easily determined. While most TBEV-Eu infections are asymptomatic, some patients develop signs of central nervous system involvement that can be severe (meningitis, encephalitis). While the mortality rate in humans is low (<<!--> <!-->2 %), post-infectious sequelae (cognitive and/or motor) can occur in up to 40 % of cases. While TBE treatment is symptomatic, several antiviral treatments are under study. The emergence of TBEV in Europe, particularly in France, represents a significant public health issue. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the latest data concerning TBE, focusing on the epidemiology and clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of this emerging infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"56 1","pages":"Article 105187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105186
Robert Cohen, Odile Launay, Catherine Weil-Olivier, Pierre Bakhache, Pierre Bégué, Marie-Aliette Dommergues, Véronique Dufour, Joël Gaudelus, Isabelle Hau, Didier Pinquier, Georges Thiebault, Franck Thollot, François Vie le Sage, Corinne Levy, Maeva Lefebvre, Hervé Haas
{"title":"Toward a simplified vaccination schedule in France: How can the tools we possess be put to better use?","authors":"Robert Cohen, Odile Launay, Catherine Weil-Olivier, Pierre Bakhache, Pierre Bégué, Marie-Aliette Dommergues, Véronique Dufour, Joël Gaudelus, Isabelle Hau, Didier Pinquier, Georges Thiebault, Franck Thollot, François Vie le Sage, Corinne Levy, Maeva Lefebvre, Hervé Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145488488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105185
Andreas Chiabi , Sankara Nykam , Kate Kan , Cecilia Fomenky , Lucas M. Tanlaka , Franklin N. Ngueiwoh , Christabelle Ewane , Vanessa M. Fozao , Denis Nsame
Objectives
Cameroon adopted dolutegravir-based regimen in 2020 as the first-line treatment of HIV infection, as recommended by the World Health Organization on the basis of efficacy, high genetic barriers to drug resistance, low toxicity, and low cost. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of dolutegravir-based regimen among HIV-infected children.
Patients and methods
We performed a retrospective hospital-based cohort study over a 5-month period at the pediatric day care unit of Bamenda Regional Hospital among HIV-infected children aged 3–15 years. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire and was analyzed with SPSS v.27.0 using the appropriate statistical test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
We included 207 participants: 139 in the efavirenz (EFV) group and 68 in the dolutegravir (DTG) group. The mean viral load was lower in the DTG group than in the EFV group with mean viral load differences of 3,679 copies/ml, 2,245 copies/ml, and 3,207 copies/ml at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. The viral load suppression rate was higher in the DTG group than in the EFV group at 6 months (63.2 % vs 51.1 %, p = 0.099), at 12 months (80.9 % vs 64.7 %, p = 0.017), and at 24 months (83.8 % vs 70.5 %, p = 0.038). Children on DTG achieved virologic suppression quicker than children on EFV (9 months vs 10 months, p = 0.178).
Conclusion
Children on dolutegravir had good viral load suppression compared with children on efavirenz.
目标：喀麦隆根据世界卫生组织基于疗效、高耐药遗传屏障、低毒性和低成本的建议，于2020年采用以多替格雷韦为基础的方案作为艾滋病毒感染的一线治疗方法。我们的主要目的是评估以盐酸多替替韦为基础的治疗方案对感染艾滋病毒的儿童的疗效。患者和方法：我们在巴门达地区医院儿科日托部对3-15岁 岁的艾滋病毒感染儿童进行了为期5个月的回顾性医院队列研究。使用预先设计的问卷收集数据，并使用SPSS v.27.0进行分析，使用适当的统计检验。p值 结果：我们纳入了207名参与者：139名在依非韦伦（EFV）组，68名在多鲁特韦（DTG）组。DTG组的平均病毒载量低于EFV组，在6 个月、12 个月和24 个月时的平均病毒载量分别为3,679拷贝/ml、2,245拷贝/ml和3,207拷贝/ml。的病毒载量壳体组抑制率高于EFV小组6 个月(63.2 vs 51.1 % % p = 0.099), 12个月(80.9 vs 64.7 % % p = 0.017),并在24 月(83.8 vs 70.5 % % p = 0.038)。DTG组患儿比EFV组患儿更快达到病毒学抑制（9 个月vs 10 个月，p = 0.178）。结论：与依非韦伦相比，多替格拉韦对儿童病毒载量有较好的抑制作用。
{"title":"Efficacy of dolutegravir-based regimen in HIV-infected children in a treatment center in a regional health facility in Cameroon","authors":"Andreas Chiabi , Sankara Nykam , Kate Kan , Cecilia Fomenky , Lucas M. Tanlaka , Franklin N. Ngueiwoh , Christabelle Ewane , Vanessa M. Fozao , Denis Nsame","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cameroon adopted dolutegravir-based regimen in 2020 as the first-line treatment of HIV infection, as recommended by the World Health Organization on the basis of efficacy, high genetic barriers to drug resistance, low toxicity, and low cost. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of dolutegravir-based regimen among HIV-infected children.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective hospital-based cohort study over a 5-month period at the pediatric day care unit of Bamenda Regional Hospital among HIV-infected children aged 3–15 years. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire and was analyzed with SPSS v.27.0 using the appropriate statistical test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 207 participants: 139 in the efavirenz (EFV) group and 68 in the dolutegravir (DTG) group. The mean viral load was lower in the DTG group than in the EFV group with mean viral load differences of 3,679<!--> <!-->copies/ml, 2,245<!--> <!-->copies/ml, and 3,207<!--> <!-->copies/ml at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months, respectively. The viral load suppression rate was higher in the DTG group than in the EFV group at 6 months (63.2 % vs 51.1 %, <em>p</em> = 0.099), at 12 months (80.9 % vs 64.7 %, <em>p</em> = 0.017), and at 24 months (83.8 % vs 70.5 %, <em>p</em> = 0.038). Children on DTG achieved virologic suppression quicker than children on EFV (9 months vs 10 months, <em>p</em> = 0.178).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children on dolutegravir had good viral load suppression compared with children on efavirenz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145470766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183
Helena C. Maltezou , Vasiliki Rapti , Vasileios Petrakis , Maria N. Gamaletsou , Evangelia Voulgaraki , Theodoros V. Giannouchos , Eirini Antoniadou , Konstantinos Kounouklas , Dimitrios Basoulis , Αmalia Karapanou , Eleni Karantoni , Maria Chini , Garyfalia Poulakou , Periklis Panagopoulos , Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou , Konstantinos N. Syrigos , Nikolaos V. Sipsas
Aim
To estimate the protection that the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.
Methods
Data were collected from five tertiary-care hospitals from November 2023 through May 2024. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between COVID-19 vaccination status, adverse outcome [intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, death], and in-hospital length-of-stay.
Results
All in all, 579 patients with COVID-19 [mean age: 76.7 years; 547 (94.5 %) patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity] were hospitalized for a mean 7.2 days during the study period. Overall, 111 (19.2 %) were unvaccinated, 437 (75.5 %) had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the past, and 31 (5.3 %) had received the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Unvaccinated individuals were disproportionately more likely to be admitted to an ICU (6.3 % versus 1.6 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.01), to be intubated (6.3 % versus 1.8 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.02), and to die (12.6 % versus 8.9 % versus 6.5 %; p-value = 0.42) compared to partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Multivariable analysis found that vaccination with the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduced the odds of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio: 0.37; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.90] and was associated with shorter in-hospital length-of-stay [incidence rate ratio: 0.71; 95 % CI: 0.50–0.98) compared to no vaccination.
Conclusions
In comparison with unvaccinated individuals, the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred significant protection against in-hospital mortality and reduced length of stay to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.
{"title":"Protection conferred by the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine to patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Greece in 2023–2024","authors":"Helena C. Maltezou , Vasiliki Rapti , Vasileios Petrakis , Maria N. Gamaletsou , Evangelia Voulgaraki , Theodoros V. Giannouchos , Eirini Antoniadou , Konstantinos Kounouklas , Dimitrios Basoulis , Αmalia Karapanou , Eleni Karantoni , Maria Chini , Garyfalia Poulakou , Periklis Panagopoulos , Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou , Konstantinos N. Syrigos , Nikolaos V. Sipsas","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To estimate the protection that the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from five tertiary-care hospitals from November 2023 through May 2024. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between COVID-19 vaccination status, adverse outcome [intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, death], and in-hospital length-of-stay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All in all, 579 patients with COVID-19 [mean age: 76.7 years; 547 (94.5 %) patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity] were hospitalized for a mean 7.2 days during the study period. Overall, 111 (19.2 %) were unvaccinated, 437 (75.5 %) had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the past, and 31 (5.3 %) had received the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Unvaccinated individuals were disproportionately more likely to be admitted to an ICU (6.3 % versus 1.6 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.01), to be intubated (6.3 % versus 1.8 % versus 0.0 %; p-value = 0.02), and to die (12.6 % versus 8.9 % versus 6.5 %; p-value = 0.42) compared to partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Multivariable analysis found that vaccination with the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduced the odds of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio: 0.37; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.90] and was associated with shorter in-hospital length-of-stay [incidence rate ratio: 0.71; 95 % CI: 0.50–0.98) compared to no vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In comparison with unvaccinated individuals, the Omicron XBB.1.5-adapted monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine conferred significant protection against in-hospital mortality and reduced length of stay to COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Greece during the 2023–2024 season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132
Pietro Ferrara
{"title":"West Nile virus in Italy: A rising public health concern calling for reinforced surveillance and preventive measures.","authors":"Pietro Ferrara","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130
C About, F Meyer, M Simon, E Jeanbert, B Demore, A Charmillon
Objectives: In January 2022, EUCAST guidelines recommending replacement of the "intermediate" category with a "susceptible, increased exposure" (SFP) category were implemented in our hospital. We aimed to assess the impact of these changes on antibiotic prescriptions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Methods: This retrospective before-after study included adult inpatients with monobacterial infections between March-August 2021 (BEFORE) and March-August 2022 (AFTER). Antibiotic use and relevance were compared. Meropenem was masked when imipenem was categorized as SFP.
Results: We included 240 antibiotic susceptibility tests (195 patients). Infectious disease consultations increased significantly during implementation (53.0 % vs. 28.9 %, p = 0.0005). Meropenem prescriptions for P. aeruginosa declined (13.8 %-6.2 %), while high-dose regimens for SFP antibiotics likewise decreased (50.0 %-35.4 %). Overall, prescription appropriateness remained high (>92 %).
Conclusion: The introduction of SFP reporting was associated with increased ID consultation and a trend toward reduced broad-spectrum use, highlighting a need for targeted prescriber education.
{"title":"Modification of reported antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the EUCAST recommendations: Evaluation of the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in a university hospital.","authors":"C About, F Meyer, M Simon, E Jeanbert, B Demore, A Charmillon","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In January 2022, EUCAST guidelines recommending replacement of the \"intermediate\" category with a \"susceptible, increased exposure\" (SFP) category were implemented in our hospital. We aimed to assess the impact of these changes on antibiotic prescriptions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective before-after study included adult inpatients with monobacterial infections between March-August 2021 (BEFORE) and March-August 2022 (AFTER). Antibiotic use and relevance were compared. Meropenem was masked when imipenem was categorized as SFP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 240 antibiotic susceptibility tests (195 patients). Infectious disease consultations increased significantly during implementation (53.0 % vs. 28.9 %, p = 0.0005). Meropenem prescriptions for P. aeruginosa declined (13.8 %-6.2 %), while high-dose regimens for SFP antibiotics likewise decreased (50.0 %-35.4 %). Overall, prescription appropriateness remained high (>92 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The introduction of SFP reporting was associated with increased ID consultation and a trend toward reduced broad-spectrum use, highlighting a need for targeted prescriber education.</p>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184
Subudun Gerile , Xiaohui Wo , Sha Li , Xinwei Xu , Dan Zhang , Zhiqiang Kang
Background
Infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is modulated by the interplay between host genetic factors and environmental influences.
Objectives
This study aims to investigate the association between the rs3825071 polymorphism of the lncRNANEAT1 and HIV-1 infection within the Hulunbuir population in China.
Materials and methods
In this study, 200 individuals infected with HIV-1 and 200 healthy controls were recruited. The rs3825071 locus was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method, while the NEAT1 expression was assessed through RT-qPCR. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between viral load (log10) and NEAT1 expression. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection.
Results
The T allele at the rs3825071 locus was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (OR = 1.738, 95 % CI = 1.233–2.449, P = 0.001). Individuals with the TT genotype demonstrate the highest risk of infection (OR = 3.014, P = 0.014). Furthermore, NEAT1 expression in the HIV-1 group was significantly lower compared to the control group. A negative correlation was observed between NEAT1 expression and viral load (log10); more specifically, carriers of the CT + TT genotypes exhibited markedly reduced NEAT1 expression alongside elevated viral loads (log10). Both the CT + TT genotype of rs3825071 and low NEAT1 expression were found to be independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection. The rs3825071 polymorphism may contribute to the progression of HIV-1 infection by downregulating NEAT1 expression.
Conclusion
The NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 in the Hulunbuir population of China, where CT and TT genotypes may increase the risk of infection.
{"title":"LncRNA NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphisms associated with HIV-1 infection in the Hulunbuir population of China","authors":"Subudun Gerile , Xiaohui Wo , Sha Li , Xinwei Xu , Dan Zhang , Zhiqiang Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is modulated by the interplay between host genetic factors and environmental influences.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the association between the rs3825071 polymorphism of the lncRNANEAT1 and HIV-1 infection within the Hulunbuir population in China.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, 200 individuals infected with HIV-1 and 200 healthy controls were recruited. The rs3825071 locus was genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method, while the NEAT1 expression was assessed through RT-qPCR. Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between viral load (log10) and NEAT1 expression. Logistic regression was utilized to identify independent risk factors associated with HIV-1 infection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The T allele at the rs3825071 locus was associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (OR = 1.738, 95 % CI = 1.233–2.449, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Individuals with the TT genotype demonstrate the highest risk of infection (OR = 3.014, <em>P</em> = 0.014). Furthermore, NEAT1 expression in the HIV-1 group was significantly lower compared to the control group. A negative correlation was observed between NEAT1 expression and viral load (log10); more specifically, carriers of the CT + TT genotypes exhibited markedly reduced NEAT1 expression alongside elevated viral loads (log10). Both the CT + TT genotype of rs3825071 and low NEAT1 expression were found to be independent risk factors for HIV-1 infection. The rs3825071 polymorphism may contribute to the progression of HIV-1 infection by downregulating NEAT1 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The NEAT1 rs3825071 polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 in the Hulunbuir population of China, where CT and TT genotypes may increase the risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"56 1","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145437817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131
S Abbara, Y Crabol, J Goupil de Bouillé, A Dinh, D Morquin
Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to permeate every facet of infectious disease practice-from prevention and public health surveillance to epidemic management and bedside care. Routine care data (laboratory results, medication orders, progress notes) and research-generated datasets now fuel state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) pipelines that sharpen diagnosis, prognosis, antimicrobial stewardship, and, by combining both sources, accelerate drug discovery. In diagnostics, deep networks that now flag pneumonia or tuberculosis on chest images are increasingly able to identify-and localize-virtually more infectious processes throughout the body, while simultaneously predicting pathogen identity and antimicrobial resistance from routine microbiology. Prognostic models trained on Electronic Health Records surpass traditional scores in anticipating clinical deterioration or postoperative sepsis, enabling earlier targeted interventions. Predictive analytics can also personalize antimicrobial dosing by fusing real-time drug-monitoring data. Large language models (LLMs) build upon these advances by transforming unstructured clinical narratives into structured phenotypes suitable for predictive modeling, automatically summarizing patient encounters, generating synthetic cohorts for rare conditions, and providing real-time conversational decision support at the patient's bedside. Despite rapid progress, real-world deployment faces hurdles: high computational and licensing costs, vendor-specific implementation constraints, limited cross-site model transferability, and fragmented governance of safety, bias, and cybersecurity risks. Rigorous, lifecycle-based evaluation frameworks-covering external validation, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-deployment monitoring-are required to ensure safe, equitable, and sustainable AI adoption. This review synthesizes current applications, evidential strengths, and unresolved challenges, and proposes a translational roadmap aligning technical innovation with clinical and regulatory realities.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and infectious diseases: Scope and perspectives.","authors":"S Abbara, Y Crabol, J Goupil de Bouillé, A Dinh, D Morquin","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to permeate every facet of infectious disease practice-from prevention and public health surveillance to epidemic management and bedside care. Routine care data (laboratory results, medication orders, progress notes) and research-generated datasets now fuel state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) pipelines that sharpen diagnosis, prognosis, antimicrobial stewardship, and, by combining both sources, accelerate drug discovery. In diagnostics, deep networks that now flag pneumonia or tuberculosis on chest images are increasingly able to identify-and localize-virtually more infectious processes throughout the body, while simultaneously predicting pathogen identity and antimicrobial resistance from routine microbiology. Prognostic models trained on Electronic Health Records surpass traditional scores in anticipating clinical deterioration or postoperative sepsis, enabling earlier targeted interventions. Predictive analytics can also personalize antimicrobial dosing by fusing real-time drug-monitoring data. Large language models (LLMs) build upon these advances by transforming unstructured clinical narratives into structured phenotypes suitable for predictive modeling, automatically summarizing patient encounters, generating synthetic cohorts for rare conditions, and providing real-time conversational decision support at the patient's bedside. Despite rapid progress, real-world deployment faces hurdles: high computational and licensing costs, vendor-specific implementation constraints, limited cross-site model transferability, and fragmented governance of safety, bias, and cybersecurity risks. Rigorous, lifecycle-based evaluation frameworks-covering external validation, cost-effectiveness analysis, and post-deployment monitoring-are required to ensure safe, equitable, and sustainable AI adoption. This review synthesizes current applications, evidential strengths, and unresolved challenges, and proposes a translational roadmap aligning technical innovation with clinical and regulatory realities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":" ","pages":"105131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180
Juan Pablo García-Marmolejo , Cándida Diaz-Brochero , Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez , Tatiana Ordóñez-Blanco , Ana María Leguízamo-Naranjo , Rómulo Vargas-Rubio
Background
Acute cholangitis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy following biliary drainage remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes based on the duration of antibiotic therapy after successful biliary drainage in adults with acute cholangitis.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for acute cholangitis at a university hospital in Colombia between 2014 and 2022. Short-course antibiotic therapy was defined as ≤4 days after successful post-ERCP drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, or hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between antibiotic duration and the primary outcome.
Results
All in all, 317 patients were included. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with 54 % manifesting full antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-nine patients received short-course therapy, while 258 received long-course therapy. There were no significant differences in the primary outcome between the groups (p = 1). However, longer hospital stays were observed in the long-course group (p < 0.001). Tokyo III severity (OR 32.07; 95 % CI 11.84–113.16; p < 0.001) and carbapenem resistance (OR 4.07; 95 % CI 1.02–16.96; p = 0.04) were identified as independent risk factors for the composite outcome.
Conclusions
Shorter antibiotic courses following ERCP drainage may be a viable option for patients with acute cholangitis. Further randomized controlled trials and pragmatic studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Differences in clinical outcomes according to duration of antibiotic therapy following successful ERCP in patients with acute cholangitis: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia","authors":"Juan Pablo García-Marmolejo , Cándida Diaz-Brochero , Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez , Tatiana Ordóñez-Blanco , Ana María Leguízamo-Naranjo , Rómulo Vargas-Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute cholangitis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy following biliary drainage remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes based on the duration of antibiotic therapy after successful biliary drainage in adults with acute cholangitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated for acute cholangitis at a university hospital in Colombia between 2014 and 2022. Short-course antibiotic therapy was defined as ≤4 days after successful post-ERCP drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission, or hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between antibiotic duration and the primary outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All in all, 317 patients were included. <em>Escherichia coli</em> was the most frequently isolated microorganism, with 54 % manifesting full antimicrobial susceptibility. Fifty-nine patients received short-course therapy, while 258 received long-course therapy. There were no significant differences in the primary outcome between the groups (p = 1). However, longer hospital stays were observed in the long-course group (p < 0.001). Tokyo III severity (OR 32.07; 95 % CI 11.84–113.16; p < 0.001) and carbapenem resistance (OR 4.07; 95 % CI 1.02–16.96; p = 0.04) were identified as independent risk factors for the composite outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Shorter antibiotic courses following ERCP drainage may be a viable option for patients with acute cholangitis. Further randomized controlled trials and pragmatic studies are necessary to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13539,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases now","volume":"55 8","pages":"Article 105180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145426642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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