Pub Date : 2017-12-31DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.439
Irene-Anna N. Diakidoy, Loizos Michael, A. Kakas
The purpose of this study was to provide behavioral data regarding the world knowledge that readers activate during story comprehension with a view to inform the development of formal and computational representation of knowledge for automated comprehension. The focus of the study was on the amount, the structural aspects, and the coherence function of the activated knowledge. In a knowledge elicitation task, undergraduate students recorded the knowledge they deemed necessary for understanding each sentence in a set of four short stories in the form of property and causal knowledge rules. Results indicated the activation of a limited amount of knowledge that maintained both situational and conceptual connections with input. Situational inferencing and continuity (i.e., carrying over of previously activated ideas) were positively associated and varied as a function of story part. Findings are discussed in relation to dominant theoretical models of narrative comprehension and for their implications regarding the computational representation of knowledge in automated story comprehension.
{"title":"Knowledge Activation in Story Comprehension","authors":"Irene-Anna N. Diakidoy, Loizos Michael, A. Kakas","doi":"10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.439","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to provide behavioral data regarding the world knowledge that readers activate during story comprehension with a view to inform the development of formal and computational representation of knowledge for automated comprehension. The focus of the study was on the amount, the structural aspects, and the coherence function of the activated knowledge. In a knowledge elicitation task, undergraduate students recorded the knowledge they deemed necessary for understanding each sentence in a set of four short stories in the form of property and causal knowledge rules. Results indicated the activation of a limited amount of knowledge that maintained both situational and conceptual connections with input. Situational inferencing and continuity (i.e., carrying over of previously activated ideas) were positively associated and varied as a function of story part. Findings are discussed in relation to dominant theoretical models of narrative comprehension and for their implications regarding the computational representation of knowledge in automated story comprehension.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-31DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.391
Yirey Suh, Jae-Myung Yu, Jonghoon Mo, Cheongtag Kim
Machine learning has progressed to match human performance, including the field of text classification. However, when training data are imbalanced, classifiers do not perform well. Oversampling is one way to overcome the problem of imbalanced data and there are many oversampling methods that can be conveniently implemented. While comparative researches of oversampling methods on non-text data have been conducted, studies comparing oversampling methods under a unifying framework on text data are scarce. This study finds that while oversampling methods generally improve the performance of classifiers, similarity is an important factor that influences the performance of classifiers on imbalanced and resampled data.
{"title":"A Comparison of Oversampling Methods on Imbalanced Topic Classification of Korean News Articles","authors":"Yirey Suh, Jae-Myung Yu, Jonghoon Mo, Cheongtag Kim","doi":"10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.391","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning has progressed to match human performance, including the field of text classification. However, when training data are imbalanced, classifiers do not perform well. Oversampling is one way to overcome the problem of imbalanced data and there are many oversampling methods that can be conveniently implemented. While comparative researches of oversampling methods on non-text data have been conducted, studies comparing oversampling methods under a unifying framework on text data are scarce. This study finds that while oversampling methods generally improve the performance of classifiers, similarity is an important factor that influences the performance of classifiers on imbalanced and resampled data.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127591349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.003
Jin Young-Sun, Hynok Kim
{"title":"Asymmetric effect of aging on cognitive control processes:An ERP study","authors":"Jin Young-Sun, Hynok Kim","doi":"10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124919216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.007
ShinWoo Kim, Hyung-Chul O. Li
{"title":"Modeling feature inference in causal categories","authors":"ShinWoo Kim, Hyung-Chul O. Li","doi":"10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122024816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.004
조수현
뇌의 해부학적 구조에는 개인의 인지적 특성에 대한 많은 정보가 반영된다. 본 연구는 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 생물학적 성숙과 지능의 개인차와 관련한 대뇌의 구조적 변화와 특성을 관찰한 연구들을 중점적으로 개관하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 아동과 청소년의 뇌 구조의 발달 과정을 이해함과 동시에 개인의 지능에 따...
{"title":"A Review of Research on the Maturation of Children and Adolescences’ Brain Structure and the Influence of Intelligence","authors":"조수현","doi":"10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.004","url":null,"abstract":"뇌의 해부학적 구조에는 개인의 인지적 특성에 대한 많은 정보가 반영된다. 본 연구는 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 생물학적 성숙과 지능의 개인차와 관련한 대뇌의 구조적 변화와 특성을 관찰한 연구들을 중점적으로 개관하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 아동과 청소년의 뇌 구조의 발달 과정을 이해함과 동시에 개인의 지능에 따...","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127640657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.006
송민해, Jooyong Park
{"title":"The Effect of Penalizing Wrong Answers Upon the Omission Response in the Computerized Modified Multiple-choice Testing","authors":"송민해, Jooyong Park","doi":"10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128282494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.001
Da Yi, Sanghoon Han
* This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2015-R1A2A2A04006136). †Corresponding author: Sanghoon Han, Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-Ro Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul Korea 03722 Research areas: Episodic memory, Brain cognitive science, E-mail: sanghoon.han@yonsei.ac.kr 인지과학, 제28권 제4호 Korean Journal of Cognitive Science 2017, Vol. 28, No. 4, 193∼221. http://dx.doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.001
{"title":"The effect of semantic categorization of episodic memory on encoding of subordinate details: An fMRI study","authors":"Da Yi, Sanghoon Han","doi":"10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.001","url":null,"abstract":"* This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2015-R1A2A2A04006136). †Corresponding author: Sanghoon Han, Department of Psychology, Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-Ro Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul Korea 03722 Research areas: Episodic memory, Brain cognitive science, E-mail: sanghoon.han@yonsei.ac.kr 인지과학, 제28권 제4호 Korean Journal of Cognitive Science 2017, Vol. 28, No. 4, 193∼221. http://dx.doi.org/10.19066/cogsci.2017.28.4.001","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124305894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.367
J. Kwon, Heejun Lee, Jeong-Ah Shin, Wonil Chung, Myungkwan Park, Che-Seok Park
This study examined the scope of lexical planning in second language (L2) production using the semantic blocking effect and its associated patterns of ERPs. The semantic blocking effects—as measured by longer response times in picture naming tasks and often interpreted as a reflection of difficulty in lexical access—have been observed when all objects of a set belong to an identical semantic category than diverse categories. Two experiments were conducted to observe patterns of ERPs associated with the semantic blocking effects (i.e., semantic context effects) by using two types of subject nounphrases that include two nouns, a head noun modified by a prepositional phrase (PP) (e.g., the dog above the flower is red) and a conjoined noun phrase (CNP) (e.g., the dog and the flower are both red). The first noun (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) in the set of pictures was manipulated in Experiment 1, and the second noun in Experiment 2. The ERP results showed that semantic blocking effects were observed in both experiments, in contrast to previous findings for native speaker production, providing no evidence for incremental planning in L2 sentence production. Instead, different ERP patterns were found for the subject NP type (PP vs. CNP) in both experiments, showing that the lexical planning scope in L2 sentence production might vary according to functional phrases—i.e., the relation between two NPs composing the subject noun-phrases.
本研究利用erp的语义阻断效应及其相关模式考察了二语词汇规划的范围。当一个集合中的所有对象属于相同的语义类别而不是不同的类别时，可以观察到语义阻塞效应——通过在图片命名任务中更长的响应时间来衡量，并且通常被解释为词汇访问困难的反映。通过两种类型的主语短语，包括两个名词，一个由介词短语修饰的头名词(PP)(例如，花上面的狗是红色的)和一个连体名词短语(CNP)(例如，狗和花都是红色的)，进行了两个实验，以观察与语义阻塞效应(即语义语境效应)相关的erp模式。实验1对图片组中的第一个名词(同质或异质)进行处理，实验2对第二个名词进行处理。ERP结果显示，在这两个实验中都观察到语义阻塞效应，这与先前的研究结果相反，没有证据表明增量计划在二语句子生成中存在。相反，在两个实验中，受试者NP类型(PP vs. CNP)的ERP模式不同，这表明二语句子生成中的词汇规划范围可能因功能短语而异。构成主语名词短语的两个np之间的关系。
{"title":"Lexical Planning in L2 Sentence Production: Evidence from ERPs","authors":"J. Kwon, Heejun Lee, Jeong-Ah Shin, Wonil Chung, Myungkwan Park, Che-Seok Park","doi":"10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17791/JCS.2017.18.4.367","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the scope of lexical planning in second language (L2) production using the semantic blocking effect and its associated patterns of ERPs. The semantic blocking effects—as measured by longer response times in picture naming tasks and often interpreted as a reflection of difficulty in lexical access—have been observed when all objects of a set belong to an identical semantic category than diverse categories. Two experiments were conducted to observe patterns of ERPs associated with the semantic blocking effects (i.e., semantic context effects) by using two types of subject nounphrases that include two nouns, a head noun modified by a prepositional phrase (PP) (e.g., the dog above the flower is red) and a conjoined noun phrase (CNP) (e.g., the dog and the flower are both red). The first noun (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) in the set of pictures was manipulated in Experiment 1, and the second noun in Experiment 2. The ERP results showed that semantic blocking effects were observed in both experiments, in contrast to previous findings for native speaker production, providing no evidence for incremental planning in L2 sentence production. Instead, different ERP patterns were found for the subject NP type (PP vs. CNP) in both experiments, showing that the lexical planning scope in L2 sentence production might vary according to functional phrases—i.e., the relation between two NPs composing the subject noun-phrases.","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126383658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.002
Yongmook Kim, Kuk Kim
{"title":"Logic Analyzer of Composite Hangul Unitsfor Implementation of Input Methods","authors":"Yongmook Kim, Kuk Kim","doi":"10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19066/COGSCI.2017.28.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":135438,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cognitive Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125826133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：