Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241248054
Mansoor Ahmad Bhat
Microplastics (MPs), measuring less than 5 mm, have been causing environmental concerns in aquatic ecosystems, and less work has been done in indoor environments, where humans spend most of their lives. This finding revealed a diverse range of MPs within indoor house dust samples. These MPs encompassed fibres, fragments, foams, pellets and films. Due to the ubiquity of textile-based items, fibres are the most common indoor MP. The MPs have different colours like black, red, blue, yellow, white and brown. The study revealed there were substantial differences in MP sizes across different households. The average size range was 178.87–3713.99 µm. One hundred eighteen particles were identified as MPs. The study identified 22 types of MPs, shedding light on these materials’ extensive sources and applications in everyday household items. MPs in indoor environments raise concerns about potential human exposure and underscore the need for further research into their health implications. The MPs found in most indoor house samples were low-density polyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene and polystyrene. Carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, sulphur, potassium, calcium, zinc, oxygen and magnesium were the common elements in all indoor house dust samples. Compared with the active sampling, slightly more work has been done on the indoor house dust samples.
{"title":"Unravelling the microplastic contamination: A comprehensive analysis of microplastics in indoor house dust","authors":"Mansoor Ahmad Bhat","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241248054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241248054","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs), measuring less than 5 mm, have been causing environmental concerns in aquatic ecosystems, and less work has been done in indoor environments, where humans spend most of their lives. This finding revealed a diverse range of MPs within indoor house dust samples. These MPs encompassed fibres, fragments, foams, pellets and films. Due to the ubiquity of textile-based items, fibres are the most common indoor MP. The MPs have different colours like black, red, blue, yellow, white and brown. The study revealed there were substantial differences in MP sizes across different households. The average size range was 178.87–3713.99 µm. One hundred eighteen particles were identified as MPs. The study identified 22 types of MPs, shedding light on these materials’ extensive sources and applications in everyday household items. MPs in indoor environments raise concerns about potential human exposure and underscore the need for further research into their health implications. The MPs found in most indoor house samples were low-density polyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene and polystyrene. Carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, sulphur, potassium, calcium, zinc, oxygen and magnesium were the common elements in all indoor house dust samples. Compared with the active sampling, slightly more work has been done on the indoor house dust samples.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241247689
Lexiang Wang, Wei Yu, Haixia Zhou, Yan Zhang, Dandan Cheng
Pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene series compounds and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) released by residential interior decoration activities (including household renovation and new furniture) pose a severe threat to children’s respiratory health. To study the effect of indoor decoration on children’s respiratory diseases and provide suggestions to prevent it, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey amongst 6547 preschoolers from 34 kindergartens in Chongqing, China, and selected 39 houses to measure their indoor air pollutants concentrations. The results showed that household decoration, during pregnancy and early childhood, would increase the risk of children’s rhinitis, asthma and pneumonia. Vacancy time after the completion of decoration, furniture pieces and decoration materials significantly affected the concentration of formaldehyde, xylene and TVOC, which could pose a potential risk to children’s respiratory health. The concentration of xylene and TVOC and the incidence of children’s asthma and pneumonia were both negatively correlated with the vacancy time. Decoration materials such as composite and ceramic tile/stone/cement flooring and water-based/latex/oil-based paints emit more gaseous pollutants than solid wood flooring and wallpaper, respectively, which were more likely to increase the risk of children’s respiratory diseases. Adequate ventilation and air purification can reduce the impact of home decoration.
{"title":"Study on the effect of residential interior decoration on children’s respiratory diseases: A field trial conducted in Chongqing, China","authors":"Lexiang Wang, Wei Yu, Haixia Zhou, Yan Zhang, Dandan Cheng","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241247689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241247689","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene series compounds and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) released by residential interior decoration activities (including household renovation and new furniture) pose a severe threat to children’s respiratory health. To study the effect of indoor decoration on children’s respiratory diseases and provide suggestions to prevent it, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey amongst 6547 preschoolers from 34 kindergartens in Chongqing, China, and selected 39 houses to measure their indoor air pollutants concentrations. The results showed that household decoration, during pregnancy and early childhood, would increase the risk of children’s rhinitis, asthma and pneumonia. Vacancy time after the completion of decoration, furniture pieces and decoration materials significantly affected the concentration of formaldehyde, xylene and TVOC, which could pose a potential risk to children’s respiratory health. The concentration of xylene and TVOC and the incidence of children’s asthma and pneumonia were both negatively correlated with the vacancy time. Decoration materials such as composite and ceramic tile/stone/cement flooring and water-based/latex/oil-based paints emit more gaseous pollutants than solid wood flooring and wallpaper, respectively, which were more likely to increase the risk of children’s respiratory diseases. Adequate ventilation and air purification can reduce the impact of home decoration.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interior contour, an essential component of the built environment, has drawn wide attention from home and abroad. From the perspective of neuroaesthetics, preference for architectural interior contour is closely tied to brain activity. Therefore, revealing the underlying neural basis of aesthetic preferences for architectural interior contour in terms of neuroimaging is of great importance. We recruited 30 healthy participants for behavioural assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Using percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF), the current study measured participants’ neuroaesthetic responses to curvilinear and rectilinear architectural interior contours in the three frequency bands. When participants viewed architectural images with curvilinear contours, the PerAF was significantly reduced in multiple brain regions, in comparison to rectilinear architectural interior contours. Moreover, significant negative correlations were observed between ratings of aesthetic judgments of curvilinear space and increased PerAF values in specific regions including the left Rolandic operculum. Aesthetic judgments were significantly correlated with PerAF values in specific brain regions, including the left middle frontal gyrus. Our study reveals that participants have a higher preference for curvilinear contours over rectilinear contours. Neural response varied across different architectural contours, highlighting the complex interplay of neural mechanisms underlying aesthetic perception.
{"title":"Influence of architectural interior design on human perception and emotion with the consideration of neural aesthetics","authors":"Junru Wang, Linlin Zhan, Anbang Dai, Bart Julien Dewancker, Weijun Gao","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241247218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241247218","url":null,"abstract":"Interior contour, an essential component of the built environment, has drawn wide attention from home and abroad. From the perspective of neuroaesthetics, preference for architectural interior contour is closely tied to brain activity. Therefore, revealing the underlying neural basis of aesthetic preferences for architectural interior contour in terms of neuroimaging is of great importance. We recruited 30 healthy participants for behavioural assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Using percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF), the current study measured participants’ neuroaesthetic responses to curvilinear and rectilinear architectural interior contours in the three frequency bands. When participants viewed architectural images with curvilinear contours, the PerAF was significantly reduced in multiple brain regions, in comparison to rectilinear architectural interior contours. Moreover, significant negative correlations were observed between ratings of aesthetic judgments of curvilinear space and increased PerAF values in specific regions including the left Rolandic operculum. Aesthetic judgments were significantly correlated with PerAF values in specific brain regions, including the left middle frontal gyrus. Our study reveals that participants have a higher preference for curvilinear contours over rectilinear contours. Neural response varied across different architectural contours, highlighting the complex interplay of neural mechanisms underlying aesthetic perception.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241244721
Mehdi Jadidi, Ahmet E. Karataş, Seth B. Dworkin
An empirical correlation and a set of machine learning (ML) models were developed to estimate droplet size and count distributions over an extended duration after a cough at different relative humidities (RHs), air temperatures and locations within an indoor environment. Experiments covered RHs of 20%–80% and air temperatures of 21 °C–26 °C. Droplet count distributions for 4 size bins (0.3–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–3 and 3–5 μm) were recorded for 70 min within the distance of 2 m from the cough source. Different ML models, including decision tree, random forest and artificial neural network, were trained for each size bin to predict the associated count distribution. Amongst these models, random forest showed a slight superiority in performance. The coefficient of determination for the random forest models ranged from 0.912 to 0.989, indicating robust correlations between the features and the response variables. An empirical correlation was established linking the count distribution of 0.3–0.5 μm droplets to time, RH and distance along the cough direction. Both ML models and the correlation accurately predicted the trends and the distributions, providing valuable data for validating computational simulations and informing indoor environment control systems to reduce the risk of virus transmission.
{"title":"Estimating droplet size and count distributions over a prolonged period of time following a cough in indoor environments","authors":"Mehdi Jadidi, Ahmet E. Karataş, Seth B. Dworkin","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241244721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241244721","url":null,"abstract":"An empirical correlation and a set of machine learning (ML) models were developed to estimate droplet size and count distributions over an extended duration after a cough at different relative humidities (RHs), air temperatures and locations within an indoor environment. Experiments covered RHs of 20%–80% and air temperatures of 21 °C–26 °C. Droplet count distributions for 4 size bins (0.3–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–3 and 3–5 μm) were recorded for 70 min within the distance of 2 m from the cough source. Different ML models, including decision tree, random forest and artificial neural network, were trained for each size bin to predict the associated count distribution. Amongst these models, random forest showed a slight superiority in performance. The coefficient of determination for the random forest models ranged from 0.912 to 0.989, indicating robust correlations between the features and the response variables. An empirical correlation was established linking the count distribution of 0.3–0.5 μm droplets to time, RH and distance along the cough direction. Both ML models and the correlation accurately predicted the trends and the distributions, providing valuable data for validating computational simulations and informing indoor environment control systems to reduce the risk of virus transmission.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241244525
Hangming Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yue Zheng, Zhongbing Liu
Improving the thermal performance of windows is important for building energy efficiency. Filling windows with variable transparency shape-stabilized phase change materials (VTSS-PCM) improves the thermal inertia of windows while avoiding the leakage of PCM. In this paper, a new type of VTSS-PCM window was proposed, tested, simulated and optimized in hot summer and cold winter climate zone. A numerical model of the VTSS-PCM window was built, and the model was validated using experimental tests. On this basis, three key parameters of VTSS-PCM were investigated and optimized. Finally, the energy and economic performance of the optimized VTSS-PCM window were compared with a typical hollow glass window. The results showed that the total annual unfavourable heat transfer (TAHT) and the annual investment cost (AIC) of the VTSS-PCM window obtained from the optimization were 118.16 kWh/m2 and 8.53 CNY/m2, respectively. Compared with the hollow glass window, the VTSS-PCM window reduced the TAHT by 30.14% and the total annual cost by 28.39%. The VTSS-PCM window produced a better development potential in terms of energy performance and economic performance. This study provided a reference for the application of the VTSS-PCM window in hot summer and cold winter regions of China.
{"title":"Energy and economic performance optimization of a window with variable transparency shape-stabilized PCM in hot summer and cold winter climate zone","authors":"Hangming Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yue Zheng, Zhongbing Liu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241244525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241244525","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the thermal performance of windows is important for building energy efficiency. Filling windows with variable transparency shape-stabilized phase change materials (VTSS-PCM) improves the thermal inertia of windows while avoiding the leakage of PCM. In this paper, a new type of VTSS-PCM window was proposed, tested, simulated and optimized in hot summer and cold winter climate zone. A numerical model of the VTSS-PCM window was built, and the model was validated using experimental tests. On this basis, three key parameters of VTSS-PCM were investigated and optimized. Finally, the energy and economic performance of the optimized VTSS-PCM window were compared with a typical hollow glass window. The results showed that the total annual unfavourable heat transfer (TAHT) and the annual investment cost (AIC) of the VTSS-PCM window obtained from the optimization were 118.16 kWh/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and 8.53 CNY/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, respectively. Compared with the hollow glass window, the VTSS-PCM window reduced the TAHT by 30.14% and the total annual cost by 28.39%. The VTSS-PCM window produced a better development potential in terms of energy performance and economic performance. This study provided a reference for the application of the VTSS-PCM window in hot summer and cold winter regions of China.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241242728
Zihe Gao, Jiajun Cai, Lin Jiang, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Chuangang Fan
In high-altitude tunnels, due to the ambient pressure and density of air being different from those under normal pressure, the convection and heat radiation in tunnels are also different when fires occur. As a result, the smoke exhaust capacity varies under different pressures. This work aimed to numerically explore the impact of ambient pressure on the smoke exhaust efficiency at high-altitude shallow tunnels with natural ventilation by shaft. The numerical results demonstrated that the smoke exhaust capacity is enhanced with increasing ambient pressure. This is because of the increase in the air entrainment coefficient and air density, and it causes plug-holing more easily to occur under higher ambient pressures. Once the plug-holing has taken place, the fresh air can be directly exhausted through the shaft, which results in a poor smoke exhaust capacity. By accounting for the factors of the smoke layer thickness, ambient pressure, the exhausted smoke temperature and heat release rate, the Richardson number was introduced as the criterion for determining whether plug-holing occurs. As ambient pressure was increased, the critical Richardson number for plug-holing was observed to decrease, a finding supported by existing research.
{"title":"Investigation on the natural smoke exhaust performance by vertical shaft in tunnel fires under different ambient pressures","authors":"Zihe Gao, Jiajun Cai, Lin Jiang, Rhoda Afriyie Mensah, Chuangang Fan","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241242728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241242728","url":null,"abstract":"In high-altitude tunnels, due to the ambient pressure and density of air being different from those under normal pressure, the convection and heat radiation in tunnels are also different when fires occur. As a result, the smoke exhaust capacity varies under different pressures. This work aimed to numerically explore the impact of ambient pressure on the smoke exhaust efficiency at high-altitude shallow tunnels with natural ventilation by shaft. The numerical results demonstrated that the smoke exhaust capacity is enhanced with increasing ambient pressure. This is because of the increase in the air entrainment coefficient and air density, and it causes plug-holing more easily to occur under higher ambient pressures. Once the plug-holing has taken place, the fresh air can be directly exhausted through the shaft, which results in a poor smoke exhaust capacity. By accounting for the factors of the smoke layer thickness, ambient pressure, the exhausted smoke temperature and heat release rate, the Richardson number was introduced as the criterion for determining whether plug-holing occurs. As ambient pressure was increased, the critical Richardson number for plug-holing was observed to decrease, a finding supported by existing research.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241244724
Hüseyin Ögçe, Meltem Erdem Kaya
The relationship between urban heat island (UHI) and land use/land cover (LULC), and local climate zone (LCZ) is apparent and takes rising attention in the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between meteorological data collected from 30 stations between 2016 and 2022 and Istanbul’s LULCs and LCZs. Several notable findings were uncovered, providing light on the UHI phenomenon and its consequences for the city’s characteristics. The stations in urban areas (typology A) had higher temperatures than stations in rural/suburban (typology B) and forested landscape (typology C). Those yearly values were ∼1°C for monthly mean temperatures and ∼1.5°C for monthly minimum temperatures. Moreover, urban areas possessed +4 and +2 hot days (35°C and above) for typologies B and C, respectively. Another remarkable result was that stations situated close to water surfaces exhibited a lower tendency to exceed temperatures of 35°C. Furthermore, built-type LCZs wind velocity achieved a lower value than land cover type, and humidity in typology A was 5% and 10% less than the typologies B and C, respectively. Consequently, the southern part of Istanbul emerged as the most vulnerable location to the UHI phenomena, suffering greater temperatures.
城市热岛（UHI）与土地利用/土地覆盖（LULC）和当地气候区（LCZ）之间的关系显而易见，并在当前文献中日益受到关注。本研究旨在调查 2016 年至 2022 年期间从 30 个站点收集的气象数据与伊斯坦布尔 LULC 和 LCZ 之间的关系。研究发现了几个值得注意的问题，揭示了超高寒现象及其对城市特征的影响。城市地区（类型 A）的站点温度高于农村/郊区（类型 B）和森林景观（类型 C）的站点。月平均气温的年平均值为 1°C，月最低气温的年平均值为 1.5°C。此外，在类型 B 和类型 C 中，城市地区分别拥有 +4 和 +2 个高温日（35°C 及以上）。另一个值得注意的结果是，靠近水面的站点气温超过 35℃的趋势较低。此外，建筑类型低纬度区的风速值低于土地覆被类型，类型 A 的湿度分别比类型 B 和类型 C 低 5%和 10%。因此，伊斯坦布尔南部地区最容易受到 UHI 现象的影响，温度更高。
{"title":"Urban heat island phenomenon in Istanbul: A comprehensive analysis of land use/land cover and local climate zone effect","authors":"Hüseyin Ögçe, Meltem Erdem Kaya","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241244724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241244724","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between urban heat island (UHI) and land use/land cover (LULC), and local climate zone (LCZ) is apparent and takes rising attention in the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between meteorological data collected from 30 stations between 2016 and 2022 and Istanbul’s LULCs and LCZs. Several notable findings were uncovered, providing light on the UHI phenomenon and its consequences for the city’s characteristics. The stations in urban areas (typology A) had higher temperatures than stations in rural/suburban (typology B) and forested landscape (typology C). Those yearly values were ∼1°C for monthly mean temperatures and ∼1.5°C for monthly minimum temperatures. Moreover, urban areas possessed +4 and +2 hot days (35°C and above) for typologies B and C, respectively. Another remarkable result was that stations situated close to water surfaces exhibited a lower tendency to exceed temperatures of 35°C. Furthermore, built-type LCZs wind velocity achieved a lower value than land cover type, and humidity in typology A was 5% and 10% less than the typologies B and C, respectively. Consequently, the southern part of Istanbul emerged as the most vulnerable location to the UHI phenomena, suffering greater temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241244459
Zambri Harun, Nevzat Akkurt, Yu King Khor, Ashraf A Abbas, Eslam Reda Lotfy
The garden-city model, characterised by sprawling urban expansion and extensive open spaces, features green and water surfaces alongside substantial road networks, large parking lots and unshaded lands. This diverse landscape contributes to uneven air temperature distribution within the city. Our study investigated urban heat island (UHI) patterns in various urban environments within Putrajaya, focusing on rural, business, residential and near-water areas. Atmospheric data were collected over a year. Putrajaya exhibits two distinct UHI patterns: cool-day-hot-night in residential zones and hot-noon-temperate-elsewhere in impermeable areas. Business areas display alternating patterns based on seasonal climatic conditions and anthropogenic factors. The efficacy of artificial water bodies as a UHI countermeasure in garden cities depends on the size of the water body and the nature of the surrounding land cover. Shaded and green areas exhibit UHI intensities limited to 3°C, while impermeable areas, regardless of proximity to water surfaces, experience UHI up to 6°C. Overall, the garden-city model tends to restrict UHI variations within −1 to 3°C compared to −2 to 4°C in nearby Kuala Lumpur.
{"title":"Urban heat island patterns in garden cities: Putrajaya as a case study","authors":"Zambri Harun, Nevzat Akkurt, Yu King Khor, Ashraf A Abbas, Eslam Reda Lotfy","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241244459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241244459","url":null,"abstract":"The garden-city model, characterised by sprawling urban expansion and extensive open spaces, features green and water surfaces alongside substantial road networks, large parking lots and unshaded lands. This diverse landscape contributes to uneven air temperature distribution within the city. Our study investigated urban heat island (UHI) patterns in various urban environments within Putrajaya, focusing on rural, business, residential and near-water areas. Atmospheric data were collected over a year. Putrajaya exhibits two distinct UHI patterns: cool-day-hot-night in residential zones and hot-noon-temperate-elsewhere in impermeable areas. Business areas display alternating patterns based on seasonal climatic conditions and anthropogenic factors. The efficacy of artificial water bodies as a UHI countermeasure in garden cities depends on the size of the water body and the nature of the surrounding land cover. Shaded and green areas exhibit UHI intensities limited to 3°C, while impermeable areas, regardless of proximity to water surfaces, experience UHI up to 6°C. Overall, the garden-city model tends to restrict UHI variations within −1 to 3°C compared to −2 to 4°C in nearby Kuala Lumpur.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241242192
Hui Li, Jianfeng Tang, Chuck Wah Francis Yu, Chunwen Xu
{"title":"Utilization of biogas technology to supply energy for urban buildings and rural households: Benefits and potential risks","authors":"Hui Li, Jianfeng Tang, Chuck Wah Francis Yu, Chunwen Xu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241242192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241242192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241241530
María L de la Hoz-Torres, Antonio J Aguilar, María Dolores Martínez-Aires, Diego P Ruiz
The assessment of indoor environmental conditions of educational buildings is not only essential to ensure the correct performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems but it is also fundamental to guarantee a suitable environment. This study aims to analyse the thermal comfort of students in teaching–learning spaces in university buildings with natural ventilation. A field measurement campaign and a questionnaire survey were carried out from September 2021 to June 2022 in educational buildings in southern Spain. The collected data were analysed and the neutral temperature in each season was obtained, based on the thermal sensation votes of 1966. The neutral temperatures found in this study were 23.5°C, 23.1°C, 23.3°C and 23.9°C, for autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. The ranges obtained for 90% acceptability in the winter season (21.1°C–25.1°C) provided lower temperature limits than the ranges obtained in the summer months (22.6°C–25.3°C). The highest values for clothing insulation were found in the autumn (0.90 clo) and winter (0.75 clo) seasons, compared to the spring (0.5 clo) and summer (0.4 clo) seasons. An adaptive thermal comfort model was applied. These findings could be used to improve thermal comfort and to optimise energy consumption according to the students’ actual thermal perception.
{"title":"Seasonal field study on thermal comfort in university classrooms in Mediterranean climate","authors":"María L de la Hoz-Torres, Antonio J Aguilar, María Dolores Martínez-Aires, Diego P Ruiz","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241241530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241241530","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of indoor environmental conditions of educational buildings is not only essential to ensure the correct performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems but it is also fundamental to guarantee a suitable environment. This study aims to analyse the thermal comfort of students in teaching–learning spaces in university buildings with natural ventilation. A field measurement campaign and a questionnaire survey were carried out from September 2021 to June 2022 in educational buildings in southern Spain. The collected data were analysed and the neutral temperature in each season was obtained, based on the thermal sensation votes of 1966. The neutral temperatures found in this study were 23.5°C, 23.1°C, 23.3°C and 23.9°C, for autumn, winter, spring and summer, respectively. The ranges obtained for 90% acceptability in the winter season (21.1°C–25.1°C) provided lower temperature limits than the ranges obtained in the summer months (22.6°C–25.3°C). The highest values for clothing insulation were found in the autumn (0.90 clo) and winter (0.75 clo) seasons, compared to the spring (0.5 clo) and summer (0.4 clo) seasons. An adaptive thermal comfort model was applied. These findings could be used to improve thermal comfort and to optimise energy consumption according to the students’ actual thermal perception.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：