Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241268041
Xiaohui Du, Sijia Zhao, Shijing Hu, Siyu Song
From the perspective of dynamic lighting throughout the year, reflector and louvre are proposed to add to the south-facing window. The optimal parameter is 2.0 m height and 1.0 m width reflector and a louvre angle of 75°. However, when further analysing the indoor illumination and uniformity, the classroom still had high or low illumination during certain periods solely relying on natural lighting, indicating that a single strategy alone cannot meet the overall lighting environment comfort needs of the space. The study suggests that different lighting environments should be used in different seasons, periods and areas of the classroom. The proportion of natural light, combined light and artificial light environments should be 30%, 45% and 25%, respectively. At the same time, considering the transformation and optimisation of the lamps, the improvement measures for windows facing other directions in the classroom is recommended, the lamps be symmetrically distributed in the horizontal direction, with a hanging height of 1.9 m in the vertical direction, which is 0.4 m higher than the original. The lighting power is 34 W and 26 W, and corresponding optimisation strategies for the intelligent control system are proposed.
{"title":"Optimisation of light environment in architectural space based on multi strategy collaboration – A case study of a manual drawing classroom","authors":"Xiaohui Du, Sijia Zhao, Shijing Hu, Siyu Song","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241268041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241268041","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of dynamic lighting throughout the year, reflector and louvre are proposed to add to the south-facing window. The optimal parameter is 2.0 m height and 1.0 m width reflector and a louvre angle of 75°. However, when further analysing the indoor illumination and uniformity, the classroom still had high or low illumination during certain periods solely relying on natural lighting, indicating that a single strategy alone cannot meet the overall lighting environment comfort needs of the space. The study suggests that different lighting environments should be used in different seasons, periods and areas of the classroom. The proportion of natural light, combined light and artificial light environments should be 30%, 45% and 25%, respectively. At the same time, considering the transformation and optimisation of the lamps, the improvement measures for windows facing other directions in the classroom is recommended, the lamps be symmetrically distributed in the horizontal direction, with a hanging height of 1.9 m in the vertical direction, which is 0.4 m higher than the original. The lighting power is 34 W and 26 W, and corresponding optimisation strategies for the intelligent control system are proposed.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241268246
Zhaojun Wang, Chang Liu, Peng Yao, Xiaopan Fu
Passive ultra-low energy buildings represent an effective strategy for energy conservation and emission reduction within the global building industry. The prolonged and cold winters in severely cold regions of China necessitate substantial heating energy consumption. The study utilized a combination of overall surveys and long-term tracking surveys to evaluate the indoor environment and energy consumption in a passive office building situated in severely cold region under different heating modes over 2 years. The results show that the average temperature and indoor air quality (IAQ) can meet the standards at most moments. However, the average relative humidity tends to fall below the specified lower limit. Nevertheless, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index suggests that the indoor environment provides a comfortable thermal experience for humans. The heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) system operation revealed that when the outdoor air temperature fell below −7°C, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air source heat pump units would deteriorate. Implementing intermittent heating during the second year can reduce heating energy consumption by 13.4 kWh/(m2·a), resulting in 38.9% energy savings. These findings will serve as a valuable reference for the design and operation of heating systems in passive buildings in severely cold regions.
{"title":"Measurement of the indoor environment and heating energy consumption of a passive office building in severely cold region, China","authors":"Zhaojun Wang, Chang Liu, Peng Yao, Xiaopan Fu","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241268246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241268246","url":null,"abstract":"Passive ultra-low energy buildings represent an effective strategy for energy conservation and emission reduction within the global building industry. The prolonged and cold winters in severely cold regions of China necessitate substantial heating energy consumption. The study utilized a combination of overall surveys and long-term tracking surveys to evaluate the indoor environment and energy consumption in a passive office building situated in severely cold region under different heating modes over 2 years. The results show that the average temperature and indoor air quality (IAQ) can meet the standards at most moments. However, the average relative humidity tends to fall below the specified lower limit. Nevertheless, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index suggests that the indoor environment provides a comfortable thermal experience for humans. The heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) system operation revealed that when the outdoor air temperature fell below −7°C, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air source heat pump units would deteriorate. Implementing intermittent heating during the second year can reduce heating energy consumption by 13.4 kWh/(m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>·a), resulting in 38.9% energy savings. These findings will serve as a valuable reference for the design and operation of heating systems in passive buildings in severely cold regions.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241267888
Benben Kong, Yonglong Cui, Hong Shi, Yanlong Jiang
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has drawn public awareness to the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. To better comprehend the developments and trends in research on the transmission mechanism of respiratory infectious diseases in the air, the publications in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2017 to 2023 were utilized to reveal critical information. Herein, the yearly quantitative distribution and the geographical distribution of publications were analysed using a bibliometric method and information visualization technology. In addition, this study focused on the airborne transmission characteristics and influencing factors of respiratory infectious diseases. Research directions in different scenarios were innovatively extracted and the main measures to reduce the infection risk were summarized. Furthermore, some future work suggestions were given. The findings of this study provide several implications that can serve as guidelines for new and experienced researchers to establish a basic framework before initiating future research projects.
2019年爆发的COVID-19大流行引起了公众对呼吸道传染病传播的关注。为了更好地理解呼吸道传染病在空气中传播机制研究的发展和趋势，我们利用Web of Science核心收录数据库中2017年至2023年的出版物来揭示关键信息。其中，利用文献计量学方法和信息可视化技术分析了出版物的年度数量分布和地域分布。此外，本研究还关注了呼吸道传染病的空气传播特征和影响因素。创新性地提取了不同场景下的研究方向，并总结了降低感染风险的主要措施。此外，还提出了一些未来工作建议。本研究的结果提供了一些启示，可作为新老研究人员在启动未来研究项目前建立基本框架的指南。
{"title":"Airborne transmission and control of respiratory infectious diseases in different scenarios: A bibliometric study","authors":"Benben Kong, Yonglong Cui, Hong Shi, Yanlong Jiang","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241267888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241267888","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has drawn public awareness to the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. To better comprehend the developments and trends in research on the transmission mechanism of respiratory infectious diseases in the air, the publications in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2017 to 2023 were utilized to reveal critical information. Herein, the yearly quantitative distribution and the geographical distribution of publications were analysed using a bibliometric method and information visualization technology. In addition, this study focused on the airborne transmission characteristics and influencing factors of respiratory infectious diseases. Research directions in different scenarios were innovatively extracted and the main measures to reduce the infection risk were summarized. Furthermore, some future work suggestions were given. The findings of this study provide several implications that can serve as guidelines for new and experienced researchers to establish a basic framework before initiating future research projects.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241267007
Er Ding, Arghyanir Giri, Antoine Gaillard, Daniel Bonn, Philomena M Bluyssen
Mobile air cleaners (MACs) have been proposed as a supplementary solution to combat the spread of respiratory aerosols in school classrooms. To determine which, where and how to use MACs, seven small- and medium-sized MACs were selected and assessed for different settings and configurations by 1) a decay test for determining the clean air delivery rate (CADR), and 2) a perception test with a panel of subjects, together with physical measurements, of noise and air movement. The findings show that to achieve the desired CADR (appr. 1000 m3/h for 30 students per classroom), the key factors are the induced airflow pattern and the location of the MACs. MACs with an upward air supply toward the occupied zone showed much higher CADR (max. 775–1332 m3/h) than those with a horizontal air supply (max. 219–333 m3/h). Moreover, using multiple devices simultaneously was crucial when the room size was increased, and combining mechanical ventilation could improve aerosol removal. Achieving a sufficient CADR would always lead to a noise level above the limit of 35 dB(A), yet sometimes the rating of the panel was more than 50% acceptable. The air velocities mostly fulfilled the requirement (<0.2 m/s), which aligned with the positive panel assessment. Hence, the evaluation by a panel of subjects can help to optimize the use of MACs in a classroom.
{"title":"Using mobile air cleaners in school classrooms for aerosol removal: Which, where and how","authors":"Er Ding, Arghyanir Giri, Antoine Gaillard, Daniel Bonn, Philomena M Bluyssen","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241267007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241267007","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile air cleaners (MACs) have been proposed as a supplementary solution to combat the spread of respiratory aerosols in school classrooms. To determine which, where and how to use MACs, seven small- and medium-sized MACs were selected and assessed for different settings and configurations by 1) a decay test for determining the clean air delivery rate (CADR), and 2) a perception test with a panel of subjects, together with physical measurements, of noise and air movement. The findings show that to achieve the desired CADR (appr. 1000 m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/h for 30 students per classroom), the key factors are the induced airflow pattern and the location of the MACs. MACs with an upward air supply toward the occupied zone showed much higher CADR (max. 775–1332 m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/h) than those with a horizontal air supply (max. 219–333 m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/h). Moreover, using multiple devices simultaneously was crucial when the room size was increased, and combining mechanical ventilation could improve aerosol removal. Achieving a sufficient CADR would always lead to a noise level above the limit of 35 dB(A), yet sometimes the rating of the panel was more than 50% acceptable. The air velocities mostly fulfilled the requirement (<0.2 m/s), which aligned with the positive panel assessment. Hence, the evaluation by a panel of subjects can help to optimize the use of MACs in a classroom.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241266123
Yiwen Yan, Jun Hu, Ke Zhong, Hongwei Jia
Exhaled aerosols can be suspended in the air for long periods, facilitating the transmission of highly infectious respiratory diseases. The risk of exposure to occupants varies due to different usage conditions and driving scenarios of moving vehicles. Therefore, the present study investigates the airborne transmission of contaminants generated by coughing in a moving vehicle and explores the relationship between aerosol dispersion and fluid exchange between the interior and exterior domains of the car under the influence of window opening configurations, seating layouts and driving speeds. The results show that the cross-opening configurations provide a superior contaminant removal efficiency. The effect of seating layout on removal efficiency is significant, although it has a slight effect on air change rate (ACH). The best removal efficiency can be obtained when the passenger sits in the front seat with the right front window opening. Furthermore, the in-cabin ACH is almost linearly correlated with the driving speed. Higher speeds reduce contaminant concentrations faster. However, the risk of driver exposure does not depend solely on ACH, the peak cumulative contaminant concentration and residence time also need to be considered. This study offers data for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.
呼出的气溶胶可长时间悬浮在空气中，为高传染性呼吸道疾病的传播提供便利。由于行驶车辆的使用条件和驾驶场景不同，车内人员接触污染物的风险也不同。因此，本研究调查了行驶车辆中咳嗽产生的污染物在空气中的传播情况，并探讨了在车窗开启配置、座椅布局和行驶速度的影响下，气溶胶扩散与汽车内部和外部区域之间的流体交换之间的关系。结果表明，交叉开窗配置的污染物清除效率更高。虽然座椅布局对换气率（ACH）的影响较小，但对去除效率的影响却很大。当乘客坐在前排座椅上并打开右前车窗时，可获得最佳去除效率。此外，车内 ACH 与行驶速度几乎呈线性相关。车速越高，污染物浓度降低得越快。不过，驾驶员接触污染物的风险并不仅仅取决于 ACH，还需要考虑污染物的峰值累积浓度和停留时间。这项研究为预防和控制呼吸道传染病提供了数据。
{"title":"Evaluation of airborne transmission of respiratory contaminants in a passenger car cabin with window opening","authors":"Yiwen Yan, Jun Hu, Ke Zhong, Hongwei Jia","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241266123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241266123","url":null,"abstract":"Exhaled aerosols can be suspended in the air for long periods, facilitating the transmission of highly infectious respiratory diseases. The risk of exposure to occupants varies due to different usage conditions and driving scenarios of moving vehicles. Therefore, the present study investigates the airborne transmission of contaminants generated by coughing in a moving vehicle and explores the relationship between aerosol dispersion and fluid exchange between the interior and exterior domains of the car under the influence of window opening configurations, seating layouts and driving speeds. The results show that the cross-opening configurations provide a superior contaminant removal efficiency. The effect of seating layout on removal efficiency is significant, although it has a slight effect on air change rate (ACH). The best removal efficiency can be obtained when the passenger sits in the front seat with the right front window opening. Furthermore, the in-cabin ACH is almost linearly correlated with the driving speed. Higher speeds reduce contaminant concentrations faster. However, the risk of driver exposure does not depend solely on ACH, the peak cumulative contaminant concentration and residence time also need to be considered. This study offers data for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241265277
Narges Torabi, H. Burak Gunay, William O'Brien
High-performance sequences of operation for variable air volume (VAV) air handling units (AHUs) respond to requests from zones, leaving these sequences vulnerable to faults that occur at the zone level. While prior research has shown that ASHRAE Guideline 36 reduces energy consumption, its ability to withstand zone-level faults is understudied. This paper investigates the fault tolerance of supply air temperature (SAT) setpoint, duct static pressure (DSP) setpoint and mode of operation (MOP) in single-duct multi-zone VAV AHUs. First, customized sequences were defined for different scenarios in EnergyPlus in this study. Then, common actuator/sensor faults were injected into one zone to identify the most efficient fault-tolerant scenario. The results indicate that trim and respond reset logic is the most fault-tolerant scenario for this paper’s case study, with a 12% energy use intensity (EUI) increase for the SAT setpoint and an 11% increase for the DSP setpoint. Moreover, implementing an average temperature–based control for MOP significantly reduces the setup/setback mode activation, resulting in a lower EUI.
{"title":"A simulation-based investigation of the robustness of sequences of operation to zone-level faults in single-duct multi-zone variable air volume air handling unit systems","authors":"Narges Torabi, H. Burak Gunay, William O'Brien","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241265277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241265277","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance sequences of operation for variable air volume (VAV) air handling units (AHUs) respond to requests from zones, leaving these sequences vulnerable to faults that occur at the zone level. While prior research has shown that ASHRAE Guideline 36 reduces energy consumption, its ability to withstand zone-level faults is understudied. This paper investigates the fault tolerance of supply air temperature (SAT) setpoint, duct static pressure (DSP) setpoint and mode of operation (MOP) in single-duct multi-zone VAV AHUs. First, customized sequences were defined for different scenarios in EnergyPlus in this study. Then, common actuator/sensor faults were injected into one zone to identify the most efficient fault-tolerant scenario. The results indicate that trim and respond reset logic is the most fault-tolerant scenario for this paper’s case study, with a 12% energy use intensity (EUI) increase for the SAT setpoint and an 11% increase for the DSP setpoint. Moreover, implementing an average temperature–based control for MOP significantly reduces the setup/setback mode activation, resulting in a lower EUI.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241266762
Ahmed Kaihoul, Efisio Pitzalis, Leila Sriti, Silvia Di Turi, Khaoula Amraoui
This study investigated the impact of design parameters on indoor thermal comfort in hotel buildings, using both PMV-PPD and adaptive models. The aim is to provide guidance for improvement in the energy performance and thermal comfort of the accommodation structures, providing analysis extended to the eight Algerian climate zones. The adopted methodology was applied to a reference building hotel in Ghardaïa, Algeria. The energy model was validated through in-situ measurements and then the analysis was extended through EnergyPlus dynamic simulations to assess the influence of 13 design parameters using sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that design temperatures on the hottest days ranged from 34.4°C to 39.3°C, despite external temperatures reaching 45°C. The PMV-PPD model was most affected by space density, ventilation rate, infiltration, ventilation schedules, roof design and azimuth. Conversely, the adaptive model was influenced primarily by ventilation rate, window-to-wall ratio, lighting, space density, ventilation schedules, glazing and azimuth. This study underscores the potential for optimising hotels’ design to enhance thermal comfort and has broader relevance for regions with similar climates to Algeria. The findings offer insights for creating more comfortable indoor environments and fostering sustainable building practices in challenging climates.
{"title":"Enhancing thermal comfort assessment: A sensitivity study of PMV-PPD and adaptive models in an Algerian reference hotel across different climate zones","authors":"Ahmed Kaihoul, Efisio Pitzalis, Leila Sriti, Silvia Di Turi, Khaoula Amraoui","doi":"10.1177/1420326x241266762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x241266762","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of design parameters on indoor thermal comfort in hotel buildings, using both PMV-PPD and adaptive models. The aim is to provide guidance for improvement in the energy performance and thermal comfort of the accommodation structures, providing analysis extended to the eight Algerian climate zones. The adopted methodology was applied to a reference building hotel in Ghardaïa, Algeria. The energy model was validated through in-situ measurements and then the analysis was extended through EnergyPlus dynamic simulations to assess the influence of 13 design parameters using sensitivity analysis. Results reveal that design temperatures on the hottest days ranged from 34.4°C to 39.3°C, despite external temperatures reaching 45°C. The PMV-PPD model was most affected by space density, ventilation rate, infiltration, ventilation schedules, roof design and azimuth. Conversely, the adaptive model was influenced primarily by ventilation rate, window-to-wall ratio, lighting, space density, ventilation schedules, glazing and azimuth. This study underscores the potential for optimising hotels’ design to enhance thermal comfort and has broader relevance for regions with similar climates to Algeria. The findings offer insights for creating more comfortable indoor environments and fostering sustainable building practices in challenging climates.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/1420326X241232116
Yongbo Cui, Chengliang Fan, Xiaoqing Zhou, Li Li
Maintaining regular physical exercise is essential for maintaining good health. In China, fitness centres are thriving, and the cleanliness of the exercise environment has become increasingly important. This study investigated the thermal response and indoor air environment of fitness personnel in various areas of a fitness centre using subjective evaluation and on-site air environment measurements. The findings revealed that the indoor air environment in different exercise areas of the fitness centre varied spatially, which can lead to discomfort amongst fitness personnel during exercise. Overall, the thermal sensation in different areas of the fitness centre was found consistently too hot. Temperature and humidity have the greatest impact on the thermal sensation of individuals in different areas, while indoor air pollutants have a minimal effect. The intensity and duration of exercise can also influence the body’s heat sensation and pollutant inhalation dose. The body’s heat balance mechanism can affect subjective evaluations. This study proposes three strategies for optimizing the indoor environment of fitness centres through principal component analysis. This paper provides data and a methodological framework for the development of specifications supporting the design, operation and management of the environment in fitness centres.
{"title":"Factor analysis and risk assessment of indoor environmental parameters and TSV in fitness centres under different zones, exercise intensities and times","authors":"Yongbo Cui, Chengliang Fan, Xiaoqing Zhou, Li Li","doi":"10.1177/1420326X241232116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X241232116","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining regular physical exercise is essential for maintaining good health. In China, fitness centres are thriving, and the cleanliness of the exercise environment has become increasingly important. This study investigated the thermal response and indoor air environment of fitness personnel in various areas of a fitness centre using subjective evaluation and on-site air environment measurements. The findings revealed that the indoor air environment in different exercise areas of the fitness centre varied spatially, which can lead to discomfort amongst fitness personnel during exercise. Overall, the thermal sensation in different areas of the fitness centre was found consistently too hot. Temperature and humidity have the greatest impact on the thermal sensation of individuals in different areas, while indoor air pollutants have a minimal effect. The intensity and duration of exercise can also influence the body’s heat sensation and pollutant inhalation dose. The body’s heat balance mechanism can affect subjective evaluations. This study proposes three strategies for optimizing the indoor environment of fitness centres through principal component analysis. This paper provides data and a methodological framework for the development of specifications supporting the design, operation and management of the environment in fitness centres.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/1420326X241227876
Tomáš Ficker
Building thermal technologists are occasionally faced with the problem of creating thermal balance in space-limited places situated in a very large cold hall whose complete heating would not be economical. A typical case may be a small local workplace in a large industrial hall. Such a workplace is usually arranged for temporary and intermittent work of one or several persons. Portable electric radiant panels as sources of heat for local workplaces seem to be convenient due to their directional heat radiation. In practice, local heating is solved intuitively using the method of trial and error, although there may be a chance to develop a numerical method to solve this problem exactly. In this paper, a new computational method is presented to create thermal balance in a local workplace situated in a large cold hall. The method intensively employs view factors in combination with the algebraic radiosity method and metabolic heat output of working persons. Although the radiant heat flows of the radiant panels represent dominant parts of their heat powers, the complete energy characterization of the panels requires adding heat transfers caused by convection. The convective heat transports have been estimated using the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers.
{"title":"Thermal balance of human body at local workplace","authors":"Tomáš Ficker","doi":"10.1177/1420326X241227876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X241227876","url":null,"abstract":"Building thermal technologists are occasionally faced with the problem of creating thermal balance in space-limited places situated in a very large cold hall whose complete heating would not be economical. A typical case may be a small local workplace in a large industrial hall. Such a workplace is usually arranged for temporary and intermittent work of one or several persons. Portable electric radiant panels as sources of heat for local workplaces seem to be convenient due to their directional heat radiation. In practice, local heating is solved intuitively using the method of trial and error, although there may be a chance to develop a numerical method to solve this problem exactly. In this paper, a new computational method is presented to create thermal balance in a local workplace situated in a large cold hall. The method intensively employs view factors in combination with the algebraic radiosity method and metabolic heat output of working persons. Although the radiant heat flows of the radiant panels represent dominant parts of their heat powers, the complete energy characterization of the panels requires adding heat transfers caused by convection. The convective heat transports have been estimated using the Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers.","PeriodicalId":13578,"journal":{"name":"Indoor and Built Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1177/1420326x241258678
Kaiyun Jiang, Tianyu Shi, Haowei Yu, N. Mahyuddin, Shifeng Lu
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems could significantly impact indoor environmental quality, particularly in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Achieving a high-quality indoor environment poses challenges to the energy consumption of HVAC systems. Thus, balancing thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption becomes a challenging task. Currently, indoor environment prediction methods are considered effective solutions to address this issue. However, the published literature usually concentrates on single aspects like thermal comfort, air quality or energy consumption, with multi-aspect prediction methods being rare. The present work reviews research spanning the last decade that employs machine learning methods for predicting indoor environments and HVAC energy consumption through separate and multi-output predictive models. Separate predictive models focus on HVAC systems’ impact on the indoor environment, while multi-output models consider the interplay of various outputs. This article gives a thorough insight into machine learning prediction models’ workflow, detailing data collection, feature selection and model optimization for each research goal. A systematic assessment of methods for data collection of diverse prediction targets, machine learning algorithms and validation approaches for different prediction models is presented. This review highlights the complexities of data management, model development and validation, enriching the knowledge base in indoor environmental quality optimization.
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