Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481hgka
Hala Ghazi, Kate Andrews
Granting loans to corporate clients is the main source of income for banks. However, those loans are associated with a certain level of credit risk that is the inability of clients to meet their obligations toward banks. The occurrence of credit risk can negatively affect banks' profitability and business continuity. Considering the fast-evolving environment, the competition between banks, and the asymmetry of information, mitigating credit risk becomes a main duty of banks. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine the financial and non-financial factors that have a significant impact on corporate clients' creditworthiness. The aim is to help credit risk assessors to enhance the quality of the credit risk assessment and to make timely and accurate credit decisions. The study was focused on the Egyptian banking sector and distinguished between large companies and small and medium enterprises. The study revealed a list of financial and non-financial factors that have a significant impact on the creditworthiness of each category of companies as judged by credit risk assessors. The study also found that there are similarities and differences between both sizes of companies in terms of the factors that affect their creditworthiness.
{"title":"Influencing Corporate Creditworthiness: Case Study in the Egyptian Banking Sector","authors":"Hala Ghazi, Kate Andrews","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481hgka","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481hgka","url":null,"abstract":"Granting loans to corporate clients is the main source of income for banks. However, those loans are associated with a certain level of credit risk that is the inability of clients to meet their obligations toward banks. The occurrence of credit risk can negatively affect banks' profitability and business continuity. Considering the fast-evolving environment, the competition between banks, and the asymmetry of information, mitigating credit risk becomes a main duty of banks. The aim of this qualitative study was to determine the financial and non-financial factors that have a significant impact on corporate clients' creditworthiness. The aim is to help credit risk assessors to enhance the quality of the credit risk assessment and to make timely and accurate credit decisions. The study was focused on the Egyptian banking sector and distinguished between large companies and small and medium enterprises. The study revealed a list of financial and non-financial factors that have a significant impact on the creditworthiness of each category of companies as judged by credit risk assessors. The study also found that there are similarities and differences between both sizes of companies in terms of the factors that affect their creditworthiness.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481wbcaam
Wezi Bonono Chipeta, Abdullahi Adaviriku Malik
Blockchain technology offers a promising way to improve business processes by providing a secure and transparent transaction platform. However, using this technology brings its own set of challenges, especially when trying to balance user privacy with legal and regulatory needs. This article explores the challenges of keeping user information private, adhering to regulatory frameworks, and fulfilling legal requirements on the blockchain. A key point in this research is the challenge of keeping or maintaining confidentiality while being transparent. The article also discusses the issues of applying legal rules to a system not controlled by one central authority, the risks of privacy and security breaches, and the need to follow data protection laws. The article highlights how some blockchain-based companies have tackled these challenges, mainly through smart blockchain management and innovative technology, by looking at real-world examples from major companies like IBM, Bitpay, Ripple, and Coinbase. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology involved reviewing literature from the past 15 years (2008-2023) from trusted sources like Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, IEEE, Springer, and Science Direct. The findings indicate that cutting-edge technologies prioritizing privacy, such as zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, and encryption methods, would enable Bitcoin (BTC) platform operations to maintain or balance privacy and transparency. Furthermore, the study indicates the importance of clear privacy guidelines, adhering to relevant regulations, working closely with regulators and law enforcement, and educating users. In summary, it is crucial to approach blockchain carefully, prioritizing user privacy while meeting all legal and regulatory requirements.
{"title":"Balancing User Privacy and Legal Demands while Conducting Businesses on the Blockchain","authors":"Wezi Bonono Chipeta, Abdullahi Adaviriku Malik","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481wbcaam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481wbcaam","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology offers a promising way to improve business processes by providing a secure and transparent transaction platform. However, using this technology brings its own set of challenges, especially when trying to balance user privacy with legal and regulatory needs. This article explores the challenges of keeping user information private, adhering to regulatory frameworks, and fulfilling legal requirements on the blockchain. A key point in this research is the challenge of keeping or maintaining confidentiality while being transparent. The article also discusses the issues of applying legal rules to a system not controlled by one central authority, the risks of privacy and security breaches, and the need to follow data protection laws. The article highlights how some blockchain-based companies have tackled these challenges, mainly through smart blockchain management and innovative technology, by looking at real-world examples from major companies like IBM, Bitpay, Ripple, and Coinbase. The systematic literature review (SLR) methodology involved reviewing literature from the past 15 years (2008-2023) from trusted sources like Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, IEEE, Springer, and Science Direct. The findings indicate that cutting-edge technologies prioritizing privacy, such as zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures, and encryption methods, would enable Bitcoin (BTC) platform operations to maintain or balance privacy and transparency. Furthermore, the study indicates the importance of clear privacy guidelines, adhering to relevant regulations, working closely with regulators and law enforcement, and educating users. In summary, it is crucial to approach blockchain carefully, prioritizing user privacy while meeting all legal and regulatory requirements.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"16 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481rt
Richa Thakkar
Understanding operational resilience during disruptive events is critical in the dynamic global logistics field. This qualitative study explores the challenges faced by a logistics company during the COVID-19 pandemic based on surveys and interviews with twelve logistics management experts. A thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes regarding logistics disruptions and response strategies. The data revealed internal disruptions such as delays in pickup or delivery, inaccurate delivery information, and communication challenges with drivers. External disruptions include supply-demand imbalances, freight rate volatility, port congestion, and unexpected supplier shutdowns. Strategies to enhance logistics resilience are discussed, emphasizing strategic decision-making, robust leadership, digitalization for improved communication and supply chain visibility, and agility in adapting to change. These findings provide a thorough understanding of logistics disruptions and offer practical recommendations for professionals to navigate challenges and strengthen their logistics operations.
{"title":"Resilience and Responsiveness in Logistics Industry during Disruptive Events: A Case Study on the Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic","authors":"Richa Thakkar","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481rt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481rt","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding operational resilience during disruptive events is critical in the dynamic global logistics field. This qualitative study explores the challenges faced by a logistics company during the COVID-19 pandemic based on surveys and interviews with twelve logistics management experts. A thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes regarding logistics disruptions and response strategies. The data revealed internal disruptions such as delays in pickup or delivery, inaccurate delivery information, and communication challenges with drivers. External disruptions include supply-demand imbalances, freight rate volatility, port congestion, and unexpected supplier shutdowns. Strategies to enhance logistics resilience are discussed, emphasizing strategic decision-making, robust leadership, digitalization for improved communication and supply chain visibility, and agility in adapting to change. These findings provide a thorough understanding of logistics disruptions and offer practical recommendations for professionals to navigate challenges and strengthen their logistics operations.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481kkna
Krishna Khanal, Neha Arora
The present study intends to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship development in India. Entrepreneurship development is essential for the economic growth of an economy. Financial inclusion by providing easy credit availability at affordable cost aids in entrepreneurship development. To measure the level of financial inclusion three basic parameters i.e., availability of banking services, penetration of banking services and usage of banking services is used. The level of entrepreneurship is measured through the number of new businesses registered per 1000 individuals of the age group 15 to 64. By employing multiple regression model, the study found a positive relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship development in India. This finding underscores the significance of financial inclusion in not only aiding business initiation and expansion but also in catalysing job creation, boosting economic growth, and alleviating poverty.
{"title":"Exploring the Synergy between Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Development- A Comprehensive Analysis of the Indian Landscape.","authors":"Krishna Khanal, Neha Arora","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481kkna","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481kkna","url":null,"abstract":"The present study intends to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship development in India. Entrepreneurship development is essential for the economic growth of an economy. Financial inclusion by providing easy credit availability at affordable cost aids in entrepreneurship development. To measure the level of financial inclusion three basic parameters i.e., availability of banking services, penetration of banking services and usage of banking services is used. The level of entrepreneurship is measured through the number of new businesses registered per 1000 individuals of the age group 15 to 64. By employing multiple regression model, the study found a positive relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurship development in India. This finding underscores the significance of financial inclusion in not only aiding business initiation and expansion but also in catalysing job creation, boosting economic growth, and alleviating poverty.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139621230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481mhemnn
Mehedi Hasan Emon, Meherun Nisa Nipa
This systematic literature review explores the nuanced gender dimension in Bangladesh's entrepreneurship development. Employing a meticulous research methodology, including a comprehensive search strategy, data extraction, thematic analysis, and ethical considerations, the review synthesizes academic literature to unveil challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. The findings reveal formidable obstacles, such as restricted access to formal financial resources due to gender biases, societal norms reinforcing traditional roles, a lack of tailored training, and barriers to networking and mentorship. Government initiatives, including Women Entrepreneur Development Associations, reserved quotas, and microcredit programs, aim to address these challenges and promote gender-inclusive entrepreneurship. Women-led enterprises significantly contribute to job creation, local economic growth, and income redistribution. Beyond economic impact, women's entrepreneurship enhances decision-making power, challenging traditional gender norms and fostering equity. The review emphasizes the need for targeted policies, improved access to capital and skills development, and awareness campaigns. Recommendations include eliminating gender-based financial discrimination, developing comprehensive training, expanding mentorship, and highlighting the broader economic impact. Public awareness campaigns challenging stereotypes are vital for a supportive environment. Future research should explore policy effectiveness, technology's role, experiences of marginalized communities, and long-term impacts. Addressing these areas with evidence-based policies can create an enabling environment where women entrepreneurs thrive, contributing to a more inclusive, equitable, and prosperous society. This review serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders committed to advancing gender-inclusive entrepreneurship in Bangladesh and beyond.
{"title":"Exploring the Gender Dimension in Entrepreneurship Development: A Systematic Literature Review in the Context of Bangladesh","authors":"Mehedi Hasan Emon, Meherun Nisa Nipa","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481mhemnn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481mhemnn","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic literature review explores the nuanced gender dimension in Bangladesh's entrepreneurship development. Employing a meticulous research methodology, including a comprehensive search strategy, data extraction, thematic analysis, and ethical considerations, the review synthesizes academic literature to unveil challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. The findings reveal formidable obstacles, such as restricted access to formal financial resources due to gender biases, societal norms reinforcing traditional roles, a lack of tailored training, and barriers to networking and mentorship. Government initiatives, including Women Entrepreneur Development Associations, reserved quotas, and microcredit programs, aim to address these challenges and promote gender-inclusive entrepreneurship. Women-led enterprises significantly contribute to job creation, local economic growth, and income redistribution. Beyond economic impact, women's entrepreneurship enhances decision-making power, challenging traditional gender norms and fostering equity. The review emphasizes the need for targeted policies, improved access to capital and skills development, and awareness campaigns. Recommendations include eliminating gender-based financial discrimination, developing comprehensive training, expanding mentorship, and highlighting the broader economic impact. Public awareness campaigns challenging stereotypes are vital for a supportive environment. Future research should explore policy effectiveness, technology's role, experiences of marginalized communities, and long-term impacts. Addressing these areas with evidence-based policies can create an enabling environment where women entrepreneurs thrive, contributing to a more inclusive, equitable, and prosperous society. This review serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders committed to advancing gender-inclusive entrepreneurship in Bangladesh and beyond.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139622951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481kg
Karine Grigoryan
The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify the factors causing labor shortages in the hospitality industry in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, it examined the effects of work-life balance, employee compensation, government-issued unemployment benefits, and job insecurity on employees' turnover intentions. The research methodology employed in this study was a quantitative survey, with a sample size of 385 participants from the hotel, restaurant, bar industry, and food service sector. The findings indicated work-life balance, employee compensation, and job insecurity had a significant impact on employees' turnover intentions, as the null hypotheses for these factors were rejected. However, the government-issued unemployment benefits (EDD) did not show any significant impact, indicating further research is needed to gain deeper insights into the potential influence of these benefits. These findings contribute to the understanding of the challenges faced by the hospitality industry in retaining employees and highlight the importance of addressing work-life balance, compensation, and job insecurity to mitigate employee turnover.
{"title":"Labor Shortages in the Hospitality Industry: The Effects of Work-life Balance, Employee Compensation, Government-Issued Unemployment Benefits and Job Insecurity on Employees' Turnover Intentions","authors":"Karine Grigoryan","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481kg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481kg","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify the factors causing labor shortages in the hospitality industry in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, it examined the effects of work-life balance, employee compensation, government-issued unemployment benefits, and job insecurity on employees' turnover intentions. The research methodology employed in this study was a quantitative survey, with a sample size of 385 participants from the hotel, restaurant, bar industry, and food service sector. The findings indicated work-life balance, employee compensation, and job insecurity had a significant impact on employees' turnover intentions, as the null hypotheses for these factors were rejected. However, the government-issued unemployment benefits (EDD) did not show any significant impact, indicating further research is needed to gain deeper insights into the potential influence of these benefits. These findings contribute to the understanding of the challenges faced by the hospitality industry in retaining employees and highlight the importance of addressing work-life balance, compensation, and job insecurity to mitigate employee turnover.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"20 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202481heq
Hajar El Qasemy
The research focus was motivated by the emergence of electronic business which increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is a literature review and its purpose is to build awareness about the importance of information security and to analyze the correlation between information security and electronic business in an environment where electronic business is emerging and the gap between electronic business and information security is enlarging. The research is a review of peer-reviewed articles retrieved from case studies, empirical research, case analysis, literature reviews, comparative studies, systematic reviews, and conceptual analysis dating from the years of 2018 to 2023. This literature review defines four business intelligence concepts: management information systems, value driven business, electronic business, and information security. This literature review also reveals the effects of all four business intelligence concepts on organizations’ decision-making and financial objectives. Findings of this literature review revealed that electronic businesses need a stronger risk management approach regarding information security. The conclusion shows that the current technological approach and information security tools such as encryption key management, mantraps, and network intrusion detection systems do not ensure trust and/or eliminate digital security risks.
{"title":"Management Information Systems and Correlation Between E-Business and Information Security from a Business Intelligence Perspective","authors":"Hajar El Qasemy","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202481heq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202481heq","url":null,"abstract":"The research focus was motivated by the emergence of electronic business which increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is a literature review and its purpose is to build awareness about the importance of information security and to analyze the correlation between information security and electronic business in an environment where electronic business is emerging and the gap between electronic business and information security is enlarging. The research is a review of peer-reviewed articles retrieved from case studies, empirical research, case analysis, literature reviews, comparative studies, systematic reviews, and conceptual analysis dating from the years of 2018 to 2023. This literature review defines four business intelligence concepts: management information systems, value driven business, electronic business, and information security. This literature review also reveals the effects of all four business intelligence concepts on organizations’ decision-making and financial objectives. Findings of this literature review revealed that electronic businesses need a stronger risk management approach regarding information security. The conclusion shows that the current technological approach and information security tools such as encryption key management, mantraps, and network intrusion detection systems do not ensure trust and/or eliminate digital security risks.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"16 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202261goel
G. Lawal
In preparation for an incoming economic recession, organizations in the United States and across the globe are now actively engaging in various downsizing tactics, such as layoffs and hiring freezes, to strategically reduce their workforce. The Human Resources department then has the important responsibility of effectively managing the impact of the downsizing process by mitigating the legal, ethical, and social risks that may arise as a result of layoffs, such as helping affected employees better manage the resulting stress, and empowering surviving employees to continue productivity. While most companies focus solely on continuing business operations after layoffs and reducing legal and publicity risks, not much is done to alleviate the stress so that the organizations’ remaining employees can better cope with their new situations. This paper provides a brief overview of the concept of organizational downsizing and its effect on employees. Additionally, the paper describes the function of the HR department in the downsizing process and concludes that the HR department has a responsibility to both surviving and affected employees. This paper then examines the responsibility of the department to both parties. Keywords: Organizational downsizing, layoffs, survivor management, human resources, HR Responsibilities
{"title":"The Role of the Human Resource Department in Organizational Downsizing","authors":"G. Lawal","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202261goel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202261goel","url":null,"abstract":"In preparation for an incoming economic recession, organizations in the United States and across the globe are now actively engaging in various downsizing tactics, such as layoffs and hiring freezes, to strategically reduce their workforce. The Human Resources department then has the important responsibility of effectively managing the impact of the downsizing process by mitigating the legal, ethical, and social risks that may arise as a result of layoffs, such as helping affected employees better manage the resulting stress, and empowering surviving employees to continue productivity. While most companies focus solely on continuing business operations after layoffs and reducing legal and publicity risks, not much is done to alleviate the stress so that the organizations’ remaining employees can better cope with their new situations. This paper provides a brief overview of the concept of organizational downsizing and its effect on employees. Additionally, the paper describes the function of the HR department in the downsizing process and concludes that the HR department has a responsibility to both surviving and affected employees. This paper then examines the responsibility of the department to both parties.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Organizational downsizing, layoffs, survivor management, human resources, HR Responsibilities","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116818195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People of African descent in Germany suffer racial discrimination, Afrophobia and racial profiling in their daily lives, but their situation remains largely invisible to the wider society. […] There is a serious lack of ethnicity-based disaggregated data, and an incomplete understanding of history, which obscure the magnitude of structural and institutional racism people of African descent face. (United Nations, 2017a, para. 1) Keywords: Blackness, German identity, Afro-deutsch
{"title":"Negotiating Blackness in White Germany","authors":"Jocelyn Sorensen","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar20226js","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar20226js","url":null,"abstract":"People of African descent in Germany suffer racial discrimination, Afrophobia and racial profiling in their daily lives, but their situation remains largely invisible to the wider society. […] There is a serious lack of ethnicity-based disaggregated data, and an incomplete understanding of history, which obscure the magnitude of structural and institutional racism people of African descent face. (United Nations, 2017a, para. 1)\u0000\u0000Keywords: Blackness, German identity, Afro-deutsch","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122491368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202261scks
Samson Cheffa, K. Shamsa
The most important consideration when trading securities is when to liquidate and, in the case of the straddle approach, how much capital is required to cover the initial premium cost. Clearly, the unrealized profit or loss of any straddle position depends on the intrinsic and extrinsic values of the options that comprise the arrangement. This research aims to identify the characteristics that impact the profitability of options when using the straddle strategy. One-month options on Apple shares were examined for this research, specifically those for which the strike price was equal to the market price at initiation. This study discusses when the upper limit on the rate of return of a straddle is reached, allowing the owner to liquidate. The main question is what the limit should be to ascertain best profitability for the trader in the long run. This study answers this question by estimating the long-term profitability for different values of the point at which liquidation is possible. A statistical comparison of the prices of the underlying asset both at initiation and expiry is also included in this research. Undeniably, the volatility of the underlying asset affects the profitability of the straddle strategy. Future studies should assess how the underlying asset’s volatility influences the profitability of the straddle. Keywords: Straddle, option trading strategies, put option, call option, security market
{"title":"Profitability Analysis of the Straddle Strategy in Trading One-Month Options","authors":"Samson Cheffa, K. Shamsa","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202261scks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202261scks","url":null,"abstract":"The most important consideration when trading securities is when to liquidate and, in the case of the straddle approach, how much capital is required to cover the initial premium cost. Clearly, the unrealized profit or loss of any straddle position depends on the intrinsic and extrinsic values of the options that comprise the arrangement. This research aims to identify the characteristics that impact the profitability of options when using the straddle strategy. One-month options on Apple shares were examined for this research, specifically those for which the strike price was equal to the market price at initiation. This study discusses when the upper limit on the rate of return of a straddle is reached, allowing the owner to liquidate. The main question is what the limit should be to ascertain best profitability for the trader in the long run. This study answers this question by estimating the long-term profitability for different values of the point at which liquidation is possible. A statistical comparison of the prices of the underlying asset both at initiation and expiry is also included in this research. Undeniably, the volatility of the underlying asset affects the profitability of the straddle strategy. Future studies should assess how the underlying asset’s volatility influences the profitability of the straddle.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Straddle, option trading strategies, put option, call option, security market","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122506022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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