Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar2022bbge
Paula Berbeco, Jerimy Blowers, Joseph A. Gioia, Michael Epstein
The ability for workers to be authentic in the workplace benefits individuals and organizations alike. However, empirical studies examining the influences of employees’ satisfaction with a supervisor and authenticity are limited, especially for employees with identities such as LGBTQIA. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to investigate state-based versus trait-based perceived work authenticity, satisfaction with a supervisor, and the influence of sexual orientation and gender identity within one Fortune 50 company in the United States. In addition, differences in perceived authenticity and satisfaction with a supervisor were assessed by dividing participants into two groups—one as LGBTQIA and the second as cisgender and heterosexual. Quantitative data was collected with a cross-sectional online survey assessing work authenticity, satisfaction with one’s supervisor, and demographic questions. The analysis and empirical tests included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, and general linear models. Findings from this research study indicated that authenticity correlates to satisfaction with one’s supervisor, and workers who identify as LGBTQIA report lower levels of authenticity, especially in self-alienation. Recommendations are provided regarding future research and improved organizational and human resource management practices for an authentic workforce or diversity and inclusion. Keywords: authenticity, work authenticity, well-being, Independent Authenticity Measure at Work, self-determination theory, Satisfaction with My Supervisor Scale, human resource practices, sexual orientation, gender identity, LGBTQIA, silent identity, workplace identity, diversity, inclusion
{"title":"Influence of All Sexual Orientations and Gender Identity Upon Work Authenticity through Satisfaction with Supervisor","authors":"Paula Berbeco, Jerimy Blowers, Joseph A. Gioia, Michael Epstein","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar2022bbge","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar2022bbge","url":null,"abstract":"The ability for workers to be authentic in the workplace benefits individuals and organizations alike. However, empirical studies examining the influences of employees’ satisfaction with a supervisor and authenticity are limited, especially for employees with identities such as LGBTQIA. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to investigate state-based versus trait-based perceived work authenticity, satisfaction with a supervisor, and the influence of sexual orientation and gender identity within one Fortune 50 company in the United States. In addition, differences in perceived authenticity and satisfaction with a supervisor were assessed by dividing participants into two groups—one as LGBTQIA and the second as cisgender and heterosexual. Quantitative data was collected with a cross-sectional online survey assessing work authenticity, satisfaction with one’s supervisor, and demographic questions. The analysis and empirical tests included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, and general linear models. Findings from this research study indicated that authenticity correlates to satisfaction with one’s supervisor, and workers who identify as LGBTQIA report lower levels of authenticity, especially in self-alienation. Recommendations are provided regarding future research and improved organizational and human resource management practices for an authentic workforce or diversity and inclusion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: authenticity, work authenticity, well-being, Independent Authenticity Measure at Work, self-determination theory, Satisfaction with My Supervisor Scale, human resource practices, sexual orientation, gender identity, LGBTQIA, silent identity, workplace identity, diversity, inclusion","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202261he
Holly Eimer
With the introduction of screen media and 1:1 devices in the classroom, educators are finding themselves in a unique position; navigating new technological platforms, changing their teaching methods and pedagogy to adapt, and oftentimes, competing for their students’ attention. Some important factors for classroom implementation and practice are the need for learner preference, differentiation, high quality applications, and a complementary balance between traditional methods of learning and the usage of screen media. Many teachers have observed the benefits of adopting new technology, but have concerns with its integration. Classrooms in the United States have undergone a significant change because of the use of screen media, including laptop computers (i.e. Chromebooks), and digital textbooks. While using technology in the classroom is undoubtedly not a novel concept, utilizing technology in place of traditional textbooks is relatively new. The motivation for this article was my personal experience and interest in technology for learning purposes. I have taught middle school students for 16 years, and throughout this time I have seen technology substitute traditional textbooks in various subject areas. Additionally, I have seen the effects of reading from a paper source and from screens, as well as the various strategies learners apply while using both to process the information. As a lifelong learner, I remain abreast of the most recent studies and advice on literacy for children, as well as technology use with adolescents. I incorporate best practices in my classroom. This article will provide ideas that have proven successful, not only in my classroom, but also in empirical research. Keywords: Screen media, differentiation, pedagogy, Chromebooks
{"title":"Classroom Technology and Pedagogical Shifts","authors":"Holly Eimer","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202261he","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202261he","url":null,"abstract":"With the introduction of screen media and 1:1 devices in the classroom, educators are finding themselves in a unique position; navigating new technological platforms, changing their teaching methods and pedagogy to adapt, and oftentimes, competing for their students’ attention. Some important factors for classroom implementation and practice are the need for learner preference, differentiation, high quality applications, and a complementary balance between traditional methods of learning and the usage of screen media. Many teachers have observed the benefits of adopting new technology, but have concerns with its integration. Classrooms in the United States have undergone a significant change because of the use of screen media, including laptop computers (i.e. Chromebooks), and digital textbooks. While using technology in the classroom is undoubtedly not a novel concept, utilizing technology in place of traditional textbooks is relatively new. The motivation for this article was my personal experience and interest in technology for learning purposes. I have taught middle school students for 16 years, and throughout this time I have seen technology substitute traditional textbooks in various subject areas. Additionally, I have seen the effects of reading from a paper source and from screens, as well as the various strategies learners apply while using both to process the information. As a lifelong learner, I remain abreast of the most recent studies and advice on literacy for children, as well as technology use with adolescents. I incorporate best practices in my classroom. This article will provide ideas that have proven successful, not only in my classroom, but also in empirical research.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Screen media, differentiation, pedagogy, Chromebooks","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130845221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151srsppu
Sushant Rijal, Smriti Poudel, Paras Upadhyay
There are a variety of factors that pose challenges for start-ups globally. These challenges vary based on the country, region, or economy of operation. Research identified the challenges start-ups face depending on whether start-ups were established in developed or undeveloped countries. However, few research studies have been conducted in Nepal. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the top five factors that hindered start-up formation or posed difficulty for the growth of start-ups within Nepal between 2017 to 2020. The primary data was collected using a mixed method using purposive sampling consisting of an in-depth interview followed by a survey with entrepreneurs and experts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Nepal. The authors administered an in-depth interview with open-ended questions and then conducted key informant interviews. Throughout the interviews, the five major issues identified as hindering start-ups were human capital, finance, support system, policy, and marketing.
{"title":"The Five Biggest Factors Challenging Startups in Nepal","authors":"Sushant Rijal, Smriti Poudel, Paras Upadhyay","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151srsppu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151srsppu","url":null,"abstract":"There are a variety of factors that pose challenges for start-ups globally. These challenges vary based on the country, region, or economy of operation. Research identified the challenges start-ups face depending on whether start-ups were established in developed or undeveloped countries. However, few research studies have been conducted in Nepal. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the top five factors that hindered start-up formation or posed difficulty for the growth of start-ups within Nepal between 2017 to 2020. The primary data was collected using a mixed method using purposive sampling consisting of an in-depth interview followed by a survey with entrepreneurs and experts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Nepal. The authors administered an in-depth interview with open-ended questions and then conducted key informant interviews. Throughout the interviews, the five major issues identified as hindering start-ups were human capital, finance, support system, policy, and marketing.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124577754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151bs
B. Shrestha
This paper will provide an overview of the philosophical premises, the generation of research questions, data collection and analysis process, potential ethical issues, and quality of inference of living theory action research methodology. Based on the ontological value that everyone has knowledge within themselves, living theory action research considers knowledge to be the creation from evaluation and reflection as part of actions to improve educational practices. This paper suggests a way to move ahead with living theory action research by shedding light on the significance of multimedia use and the role of educational influence in its methodology to communicate the meanings of expression of embodied values and for the validation process. This paper aims to help emerging educational action researchers understand living theory action research as an innovative methodology to address the gap between values and practical implementation for action researchers.
{"title":"Living Theory Action Research: A Methodology for Improvement in Practice and Generation of Knowledge in Education","authors":"B. Shrestha","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151bs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151bs","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will provide an overview of the philosophical premises, the generation of research questions, data collection and analysis process, potential ethical issues, and quality of inference of living theory action research methodology. Based on the ontological value that everyone has knowledge within themselves, living theory action research considers knowledge to be the creation from evaluation and reflection as part of actions to improve educational practices. This paper suggests a way to move ahead with living theory action research by shedding light on the significance of multimedia use and the role of educational influence in its methodology to communicate the meanings of expression of embodied values and for the validation process. This paper aims to help emerging educational action researchers understand living theory action research as an innovative methodology to address the gap between values and practical implementation for action researchers.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131438823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151rsymbs
Rajib Subba, Yujesh Maleku, Bhanu Shrestha
There is an increasing focus on managing and executing Information System/Information Technology (IS/IT) projects with geographically and culturally dispersed teams. Best practices, theories, and a body of knowledge on managing projects have been well-established, but there is a limited understanding of Nepal's multi-cultural IS/IT project management dynamics. In this study, we conducted a purposive survey to determine the soft skills that are given significance by the Nepalese IS/IT professionals working in a multicultural environment. The first three preferred essential skills identified by the survey are communication, team building, and leadership skills. In contrast, the respondents perceived trustworthiness and organizational effectiveness as the least essential soft skills for IS/IT projects. Among the emerging soft skills, capacity for analysis and synthesis and critical thinking skills were considered highly essential for IS/IT projects. Work ethic and ability to work in an international context came second and third, respectively. We expect our findings to help Nepali IS/IT project managers understand which soft skills are valued most in their respective workplaces in the various phases of project management.
{"title":"Soft Skills and IS/IT Project Management: A Case Study of Nepalese IS/IT Professionals","authors":"Rajib Subba, Yujesh Maleku, Bhanu Shrestha","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151rsymbs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151rsymbs","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing focus on managing and executing Information System/Information Technology (IS/IT) projects with geographically and culturally dispersed teams. Best practices, theories, and a body of knowledge on managing projects have been well-established, but there is a limited understanding of Nepal's multi-cultural IS/IT project management dynamics. In this study, we conducted a purposive survey to determine the soft skills that are given significance by the Nepalese IS/IT professionals working in a multicultural environment. The first three preferred essential skills identified by the survey are communication, team building, and leadership skills. In contrast, the respondents perceived trustworthiness and organizational effectiveness as the least essential soft skills for IS/IT projects. Among the emerging soft skills, capacity for analysis and synthesis and critical thinking skills were considered highly essential for IS/IT projects. Work ethic and ability to work in an international context came second and third, respectively. We expect our findings to help Nepali IS/IT project managers understand which soft skills are valued most in their respective workplaces in the various phases of project management.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116964601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151cdsm
Christine L. Duquette, S. Morgan
Psychotherapists in private practice provide services to an ever-growing client population. The 2020 novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic was a catalyst for emerging and exasperated mental health concerns among the U.S. population. The result was an increase in demand for services and private practitioners stepping up to meet this growing need. Little is known about the psychotherapists who embark on independent practice and less is known about the nuances of practicing during a global pandemic. The aim of this review was to exhaust the literature on private practice psychotherapy and the practice of psychotherapy during COVID-19, synthesize the findings, report on themes in the literature, and provide recommendations for future lines of inquiry. Themes from this review included the impact of COVID-19 on public mental health, telemental health, private practice shifts, and private practice careers.
{"title":"Psychotherapists Working in Private Practice During a Pandemic: A Literature Review","authors":"Christine L. Duquette, S. Morgan","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151cdsm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151cdsm","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotherapists in private practice provide services to an ever-growing client population. The 2020 novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic was a catalyst for emerging and exasperated mental health concerns among the U.S. population. The result was an increase in demand for services and private practitioners stepping up to meet this growing need. Little is known about the psychotherapists who embark on independent practice and less is known about the nuances of practicing during a global pandemic. The aim of this review was to exhaust the literature on private practice psychotherapy and the practice of psychotherapy during COVID-19, synthesize the findings, report on themes in the literature, and provide recommendations for future lines of inquiry. Themes from this review included the impact of COVID-19 on public mental health, telemental health, private practice shifts, and private practice careers.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128024084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151rs
Rishabh Srivastava
Breakthrough technologies can be considered as exponentially disruptive to organizations across industries within the last few decades of the 21st century, as they have significantly altered the way their business units or customers operate. Artificial Intelligence related cognitive technologies are some of the latest disruptive solutions currently being adopted by organizations. Organizational leaders may feel both the pressure and excitement of adopting such nascent technology quickly and at scale. However, due to organizational knowledge gaps of nascent solutions, transformative large-scale initiatives have a higher risk of negative impact on failure to implement. On the other hand, an iterative approach allows for the implementation to occur in smaller amounts and leaves room for incorporating feedback and lessons learned in future iterations, thus mitigating the risks involved with the undertaking. This article breaks down the nascent field of advanced cognitive technologies into three main categories based on their business use cases: process automation, cognitive insights, and cognitive engagement. It then explores implementing this technology in each of its three categories through the lens of a popular iterative product lifecycle management approach (i.e., the Minimum Viable Product) to reduce the risk of failure or other negative impacts on an organization adopting cognitive solutions.
{"title":"Iterative Minimum Viable Product Approach to Implementing AI, RPA, and BI Solutions","authors":"Rishabh Srivastava","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151rs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151rs","url":null,"abstract":"Breakthrough technologies can be considered as exponentially disruptive to organizations across industries within the last few decades of the 21st century, as they have significantly altered the way their business units or customers operate. Artificial Intelligence related cognitive technologies are some of the latest disruptive solutions currently being adopted by organizations. Organizational leaders may feel both the pressure and excitement of adopting such nascent technology quickly and at scale. However, due to organizational knowledge gaps of nascent solutions, transformative large-scale initiatives have a higher risk of negative impact on failure to implement. On the other hand, an iterative approach allows for the implementation to occur in smaller amounts and leaves room for incorporating feedback and lessons learned in future iterations, thus mitigating the risks involved with the undertaking. This article breaks down the nascent field of advanced cognitive technologies into three main categories based on their business use cases: process automation, cognitive insights, and cognitive engagement. It then explores implementing this technology in each of its three categories through the lens of a popular iterative product lifecycle management approach (i.e., the Minimum Viable Product) to reduce the risk of failure or other negative impacts on an organization adopting cognitive solutions.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130637178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar202151ags
Amarjit Gurbuxsh Singh
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is widely used in corporate finance to assess expected returns of securities and return on equity, and beta, a measure of systematic risk, is a component of the CAPM equation. Previous studies appear not to have addressed whether beta as a stand-alone metric allows individual investors to effectively assess returns relative to the market, and this study aims to address this. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) reflecting a range of expected volatilities relative to the S&P 500 index were selected. Betas of XLK (Technology sector), XLE (Energy sector), XLU (Utilities sector), and XLY (Consumer Staples sector) were estimated by regressing their weekly returns over five years against those of the S&P 500 index. Three five-year periods were used (ending in 2005, 2010, and 2015). The betas largely conformed to anticipated values with the exception of that of XLY which was surprisingly greater than the market beta. Estimated and observed betas were compared using a two-tailed paired T-test and no difference was found, suggesting that estimated beta is statistically a good proxy for actual beta. In practical terms though, there were relatatively large variances in several instances between estimated and observed betas, and this could be a concern for investors. Returns using estimated beta and actual returns were also compared over one, two, three, four, and five years with regard to the three five-year periods. Significant variation was observed for expected minus observed returns both in sign and magnitude. A two-tailed paired T-test suggested there was a difference between returns using estimated beta and actual ones over the three five-year periods for all funds except XLE. The observations suggest betas are volatile and individual investors should incorporate additional metrics to forecast returns relative to the market.
{"title":"Predictive Value of Estimated Beta","authors":"Amarjit Gurbuxsh Singh","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar202151ags","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar202151ags","url":null,"abstract":"The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is widely used in corporate finance to assess expected returns of securities and return on equity, and beta, a measure of systematic risk, is a component of the CAPM equation. Previous studies appear not to have addressed whether beta as a stand-alone metric allows individual investors to effectively assess returns relative to the market, and this study aims to address this. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) reflecting a range of expected volatilities relative to the S&P 500 index were selected. Betas of XLK (Technology sector), XLE (Energy sector), XLU (Utilities sector), and XLY (Consumer Staples sector) were estimated by regressing their weekly returns over five years against those of the S&P 500 index. Three five-year periods were used (ending in 2005, 2010, and 2015). The betas largely conformed to anticipated values with the exception of that of XLY which was surprisingly greater than the market beta. Estimated and observed betas were compared using a two-tailed paired T-test and no difference was found, suggesting that estimated beta is statistically a good proxy for actual beta. In practical terms though, there were relatatively large variances in several instances between estimated and observed betas, and this could be a concern for investors. Returns using estimated beta and actual returns were also compared over one, two, three, four, and five years with regard to the three five-year periods. Significant variation was observed for expected minus observed returns both in sign and magnitude. A two-tailed paired T-test suggested there was a difference between returns using estimated beta and actual ones over the three five-year periods for all funds except XLE. The observations suggest betas are volatile and individual investors should incorporate additional metrics to forecast returns relative to the market.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133959952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar201931fco
Faith Cajudo Orillaza
Bankruptcy law is created to protect debtors from the hands of creditors. This law ensures creditors repay loans by engaging in a particular process. The United States Congress has enacted a decree governing bankruptcy in the form of the Bankruptcy Code. The different types of bankruptcy will be referred to in this article by their chapters: Chapter 7, 11 and 13 (Justia, 2019). This article will identify the differences between these three chapters, their objectives, as well as the advantages and repercussions of each. Further, the non-dischargeable debts, recommendable actions for the filers, numbers of petitioners who have undergone bankruptcy cases, the financial ratio of the petitioners, the common denominator on the filers, and the methodology performed by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the four companies, Coldwater Creek, Kmart, SEARS and Toys “R” Us, will be analyzed. Additionally, the design and methodology for reviving each company that were implemented and applied by each CEO will be examined, and the reasons they were proven ineffective will be offered. By investing more, borrowing can become essential and, liabilities can grow beyond what could be repaid. This results in the filing of bankruptcy for protection from creditors.
{"title":"Debtor’s and creditor’s stronghold: Bankruptcy chapter 7, 11 & 13","authors":"Faith Cajudo Orillaza","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar201931fco","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar201931fco","url":null,"abstract":"Bankruptcy law is created to protect debtors from the hands of creditors. This law ensures creditors repay loans by engaging in a particular process. The United States Congress has enacted a decree governing bankruptcy in the form of the Bankruptcy Code. The different types of bankruptcy will be referred to in this article by their chapters: Chapter 7, 11 and 13 (Justia, 2019). This article will identify the differences between these three chapters, their objectives, as well as the advantages and repercussions of each. Further, the non-dischargeable debts, recommendable actions for the filers, numbers of petitioners who have undergone bankruptcy cases, the financial ratio of the petitioners, the common denominator on the filers, and the methodology performed by the chief executive officer (CEO) of the four companies, Coldwater Creek, Kmart, SEARS and Toys “R” Us, will be analyzed. Additionally, the design and methodology for reviving each company that were implemented and applied by each CEO will be examined, and the reasons they were proven ineffective will be offered. By investing more, borrowing can become essential and, liabilities can grow beyond what could be repaid. This results in the filing of bankruptcy for protection from creditors.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.47670/wuwijar201931dgsh
Simin Hojat, Denise Ginzo
The U.S. national debt reached the astounding figure of 22 trillion dollars in 2018 (Gomes & Sinclair, 2019). It splashed onto the headlines of newspapers and became a topic of interest for Nobel laureate economists, dividing opinions on the potential impacts and the necessity of corrective measures. Krugman (2019) advocates that the national debt is trivial for a large economy like the U.S.; whereas, economists, such as Summers (2019), assume a more cautious position in recommending clear restrictions on the never-ending rise in the national debt. Some intriguing questions persist: should measures to restrain or reduce the debt be taken? If so, what is the ideal time to put them into effect? The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons for the increasing U.S. national debt and to raise a discussion on the ideas of these reputed economists to address these questions. Additionally, the fundamental principles of risk management have been explained to evaluate the national debt from a different perspective (Homan, 2013). The findings of this research show that there are similarities between the theory of risk management and the risk concerns involved in the U.S. national debt. The social impact of this research includes the potential for the risk management tools identified to be used in analyzing the sovereign national debt.
{"title":"U.S. National Debt- A Risk Management Approach","authors":"Simin Hojat, Denise Ginzo","doi":"10.47670/wuwijar201931dgsh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar201931dgsh","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. national debt reached the astounding figure of 22 trillion dollars in 2018 (Gomes & Sinclair, 2019). It splashed onto the headlines of newspapers and became a topic of interest for Nobel laureate economists, dividing opinions on the potential impacts and the necessity of corrective measures. Krugman (2019) advocates that the national debt is trivial for a large economy like the U.S.; whereas, economists, such as Summers (2019), assume a more cautious position in recommending clear restrictions on the never-ending rise in the national debt. Some intriguing questions persist: should measures to restrain or reduce the debt be taken? If so, what is the ideal time to put them into effect? The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons for the increasing U.S. national debt and to raise a discussion on the ideas of these reputed economists to address these questions. Additionally, the fundamental principles of risk management have been explained to evaluate the national debt from a different perspective (Homan, 2013). The findings of this research show that there are similarities between the theory of risk management and the risk concerns involved in the U.S. national debt. The social impact of this research includes the potential for the risk management tools identified to be used in analyzing the sovereign national debt.","PeriodicalId":135801,"journal":{"name":"Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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