Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123115
Kishalay Bhar, Arijit Goswami, Nandita Das
A trinuclear cadmium(II)–carbonate complex, [Cd₃(μ₃–CO₃)(BAPEDA)₃](ClO₄)₄ (1), was synthesized in aqueous medium under ambient conditions using the flexible tetraamine ligand N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (BAPEDA). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R–3 and contains a central μ₃–CO₃2− ligand exhibiting a rare η2:η2:η2 coordination mode. The carbonate bridges three Cd2+ ions, each adopting a distorted octahedral geometry defined by four nitrogen atoms from BAPEDA and two oxygen atoms from the carbonate, with Cd···Cd separations up to 4.88 Å. The structure is further stabilized through extensive N–H···O hydrogen bonding involving amine groups and perchlorate anions, leading to a three-dimensional supramolecular framework. FTIR and UV–Visible spectral data support the stepwise coordination process and confirm the characteristic carbonate binding. The interaction of 1 with Ca2+ ions in aqueous solution results in the formation of CaCO₃ and regeneration of the Cd-BAPEDA species, indicating a carbonate transfer process.
{"title":"A Trinuclear cadmium(II)–carbonate complex with a rare μ₃–η2:η2:η2 coordination mode: Synthesis, structure, spectroscopic characterization and properties","authors":"Kishalay Bhar, Arijit Goswami, Nandita Das","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A trinuclear cadmium(II)–carbonate complex, [Cd₃(μ₃–CO₃)(BAPEDA)₃](ClO₄)₄ (<strong>1</strong>), was synthesized in aqueous medium under ambient conditions using the flexible tetraamine ligand <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (BAPEDA). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that <strong>1</strong> crystallizes in the trigonal space group <em>R</em>–3 and contains a central μ₃–CO₃<sup>2−</sup> ligand exhibiting a rare η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup> coordination mode. The carbonate bridges three Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions, each adopting a distorted octahedral geometry defined by four nitrogen atoms from BAPEDA and two oxygen atoms from the carbonate, with Cd···Cd separations up to 4.88 Å. The structure is further stabilized through extensive N–H···O hydrogen bonding involving amine groups and perchlorate anions, leading to a three-dimensional supramolecular framework. FTIR and UV–Visible spectral data support the stepwise coordination process and confirm the characteristic carbonate binding. The interaction of <strong>1</strong> with Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions in aqueous solution results in the formation of CaCO₃ and regeneration of the Cd-BAPEDA species, indicating a carbonate transfer process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123097
Natalia L. Bazyakina , Tatyana S. Koptseva , Mikhail A. Kiskin , Evgeny V. Baranov , Igor L. Fedushkin
The reaction of anionic 1,3-diaza-2-gallols [(ArBIG-bian)Ga][Li(DME)3] (1) and [(ArBIG-bian)Ga][Na(DME)3] (2) (ArBIG-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) with tetrafluoroethylene (1:1) affords oxidative addition of a carbon–fluorine bond to gallium(I) center and the formation of gallium(III) derivatives [(ArBIG-bian)Ga(F)(C2F3)Li(DME)2] (3) and [(ArBIG-bian)Ga(F)(C2F3)Na(DME)2] (4). The reaction of 2 with hexafluorobenzene gives complex [(ArBIG-bian)Ga(F)(C6F5)][Na(DME)3] (5). Compounds 3–5 have been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy; their molecular structures have been determined by the single-crystal X-ray analysis. The diamagnetic 3–5 have been characterized by 1H,19F{1H},13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy.
{"title":"Oxidative addition of carbon–fluorine bonds to the Ga(I) center","authors":"Natalia L. Bazyakina , Tatyana S. Koptseva , Mikhail A. Kiskin , Evgeny V. Baranov , Igor L. Fedushkin","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reaction of anionic 1,3-diaza-2-gallols [(Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian)Ga][Li(DME)<sub>3</sub>] (<strong>1</strong>) and [(Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian)Ga][Na(DME)<sub>3</sub>] (<strong>2</strong>) (Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) with tetrafluoroethylene (1:1) affords oxidative addition of a carbon–fluorine bond to gallium(I) center and the formation of gallium(III) derivatives [(Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian)Ga(F)(C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>3</sub>)Li(DME)<sub>2</sub>] (<strong>3</strong>) and [(Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian)Ga(F)(C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>3</sub>)Na(DME)<sub>2</sub>] (<strong>4</strong>). The reaction of <strong>2</strong> with hexafluorobenzene gives complex [(Ar<sup>BIG</sup>-bian)Ga(F)(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)][Na(DME)<sub>3</sub>] (<strong>5</strong>). Compounds <strong>3</strong>–<strong>5</strong> have been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy; their molecular structures have been determined by the single-crystal X-ray analysis. The diamagnetic <strong>3–5</strong> have been characterized by <sup>1</sup>H,<sup>19</sup>F{<sup>1</sup>H},<sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H}-NMR spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123096
Matthew J. Evans, Jeremy C. Mullins, Cameron Jones
The synthesis of alkali metal magnesiates M[Mg(NONTCHP)(HMDS)] (M = K, Rb or Cs; HMDS = bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; NONTCHP = 4,5-bis(2,4,6-tricyclohexylanilido)-2,7-diethyl-9,9-dimethyl-xanthene) via coordination of [Mg(NONTCHP)] with M(HMDS) is reported. Each complex is characterised using single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements and NMR spectroscopic methods. In the solid-state, each system exists as a 1D-polymer that assembles via bridging M‧‧‧π(arene) interactions to two [Mg(NONTCHP)(HMDS)]− units. For K[Mg(NONTCHP)(HMDS)], polymerization occurs via coordination of each K-center to TCHP and xanthene arene rings. In contrast, for the heavier group 1 magnesiates, Rb[Mg(NONTCHP)(HMDS)] and Cs[Mg(NONTCHP)(HMDS)], the alkali metals exhibit alternating xanthene, xanthene- and TCHP, TCHP-coordination along the polymer chain. This work highlights the influence that group 1 metal cations can have on the long-range structure of bis(anilido)xanthene magnesiate complexes.
{"title":"Structural diversity in heavier alkali metal salts of a heteroleptic magnesium triamide anion","authors":"Matthew J. Evans, Jeremy C. Mullins, Cameron Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of alkali metal magnesiates M[Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)(HMDS)] (M = K, Rb or Cs; HMDS = bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; NON<sup>TCHP</sup> = 4,5-bis(2,4,6-tricyclohexylanilido)-2,7-diethyl-9,9-dimethyl-xanthene) <em>via</em> coordination of [Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)] with M(HMDS) is reported. Each complex is characterised using single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements and NMR spectroscopic methods. In the solid-state, each system exists as a 1D-polymer that assembles <em>via</em> bridging M‧‧‧π(arene) interactions to two [Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)(HMDS)]<sup>−</sup> units. For K[Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)(HMDS)], polymerization occurs <em>via</em> coordination of each K-center to TCHP and xanthene arene rings. In contrast, for the heavier group 1 magnesiates, Rb[Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)(HMDS)] and Cs[Mg(NON<sup>TCHP</sup>)(HMDS)], the alkali metals exhibit alternating xanthene, xanthene- and TCHP, TCHP-coordination along the polymer chain. This work highlights the influence that group 1 metal cations can have on the long-range structure of bis(anilido)xanthene magnesiate complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123119
Janet Ocampo-Hernández , Angel Mendoza , Gilberto Rocha Ortiz , Juan Pablo F. Rebolledo-Chávez , Lillian G. Ramírez-Palma , Fernando Cortés-Guzmán , Marisela Cruz-Ramírez , Luis Ortiz-Frade
In this work we explore the molecular catalysis of hydrogen peroxide reduction using copper complexes bearing nitrogen σ-donor aliphatic polyamine ligands, namely [Cu(tren)Cl]Cl and [Cu(teta)Cl]PF6 (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, and teta = Triethylenetetramine). In comparison with previously reported copper complexes containing π-acceptor polypyridine ligands, these aliphatic ligands provide enhanced stabilization of the electrocatalytically active Cu(II) species. The complexes were synthesized and fully characterized using standard analytical techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior was evaluated in two different media. In 0.1 M KNO3, both complexes exhibit a well-defined Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple. In contrast, in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), consecutive Cu(II)/Cu(0)/Cu(I) redox processes are observed. This change in electrochemical behavior is attributed to specific interactions between the copper complexes and phosphate species at the electrode-solution interface. The molecular catalysis of H2O2 reduction was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the catalytic rate constants (k) were determined using Foot of the wave analysis of voltammograms recorded at different scan rates. A comparison with other copper complexes reported in the literature, particularly with a synthesized derivative containing the π-acceptor ligand tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa) is also presented. Finally, the interaction between H2O2 and the cationic Cu(II) species was examined using computational methods based on the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM).
本文研究了含氮σ-供体脂肪族多胺配体的铜配合物[Cu(tren)Cl]Cl和[Cu(teta)Cl]PF6 (tren =三(2-氨基乙基)胺,teta =三乙烯四胺)对过氧化氢还原的分子催化作用。与先前报道的含有π受体多吡啶配体的铜配合物相比,这些脂肪族配体提供了更强的电催化活性Cu(II)物种的稳定性。合成了这些配合物,并利用标准分析技术,包括单晶x射线衍射,对其进行了全面表征。在两种不同的介质中评价了它们的电化学和光谱电化学行为。在0.1 M KNO3中,两种配合物均表现出明确的Cu(II)/Cu(I)氧化还原偶。相反,在0.1 M磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中,观察到连续的Cu(II)/Cu(0)/Cu(I)氧化还原过程。这种电化学行为的变化归因于铜配合物和磷酸盐在电极-溶液界面上的特定相互作用。采用循环伏安法研究了H2O2还原的分子催化作用,并对不同扫描速率下记录的伏安图进行了波脚分析,确定了催化速率常数k。并与文献报道的其他铜配合物进行了比较,特别是与含有π受体配体三(2-吡啶基甲基)胺(tpa)的合成衍生物进行了比较。最后,利用基于分子原子量子理论(QTAIM)的计算方法研究了H2O2与阳离子Cu(II)之间的相互作用。
{"title":"Molecular electrocatalysis of hydrogen peroxide reduction by copper(II) polyamine complexes: Electrochemical and DFT–QTAIM insights","authors":"Janet Ocampo-Hernández , Angel Mendoza , Gilberto Rocha Ortiz , Juan Pablo F. Rebolledo-Chávez , Lillian G. Ramírez-Palma , Fernando Cortés-Guzmán , Marisela Cruz-Ramírez , Luis Ortiz-Frade","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we explore the molecular catalysis of hydrogen peroxide reduction using copper complexes bearing nitrogen σ-donor aliphatic polyamine ligands, namely [Cu(<strong><em>tren</em></strong>)Cl]Cl and [Cu(<strong><em>teta</em></strong>)Cl]PF<sub>6</sub> (<strong><em>tren</em></strong> = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, and <strong><em>teta</em></strong> = Triethylenetetramine). In comparison with previously reported copper complexes containing π-acceptor polypyridine ligands, these aliphatic ligands provide enhanced stabilization of the electrocatalytically active Cu(II) species. The complexes were synthesized and fully characterized using standard analytical techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior was evaluated in two different media. In 0.1 M KNO<sub>3</sub>, both complexes exhibit a well-defined Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple. In contrast, in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), consecutive Cu(II)/Cu(0)/Cu(I) redox processes are observed. This change in electrochemical behavior is attributed to specific interactions between the copper complexes and phosphate species at the electrode-solution interface. The molecular catalysis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduction was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the catalytic rate constants (k) were determined using Foot of the wave analysis of voltammograms recorded at different scan rates. A comparison with other copper complexes reported in the literature, particularly with a synthesized derivative containing the π-acceptor ligand tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (<strong><em>tpa</em></strong>) is also presented. Finally, the interaction between H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and the cationic Cu(II) species was examined using computational methods based on the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088
Marc Baltrun , Benjamin Wittwer , Sonja Liu , Merlin Kleoff , Alexander Pöthig , Sebastian Riedel , Stephan Hohloch
We present an isostructural series of cerium(IV) amidinate complexes with halide co-ligands ranging from fluoride to iodide. Different routes are presented to access these valuable species, including the use of various oxidants such as the trichloride salt [NEt3Me][Cl3] or the tribromide salt [NMe3Ph][Br3]. In addition, we present the syntheses of rare triflate and cationic cerium(IV) complexes and first insights into the salt metathesis reactivity using (thio-)cyanates and azides are given.
{"title":"Amidinate stabilized cerium(IV) halide chemistry: synthesis and reactivity","authors":"Marc Baltrun , Benjamin Wittwer , Sonja Liu , Merlin Kleoff , Alexander Pöthig , Sebastian Riedel , Stephan Hohloch","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an isostructural series of cerium(IV) amidinate complexes with halide co-ligands ranging from fluoride to iodide. Different routes are presented to access these valuable species, including the use of various oxidants such as the trichloride salt [NEt<sub>3</sub><sub>Me</sub>][Cl<sub>3</sub>] or the tribromide salt [NMe<sub>3</sub><sub>Ph</sub>][Br<sub>3</sub>]. In addition, we present the syntheses of rare triflate and cationic cerium(IV) complexes and first insights into the salt metathesis reactivity using (thio-)cyanates and azides are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123120
Yuting Liu , Jiake Zhu , Dawei Yin , Yi Zhou , Chi Dang , Jiabao Chen , Dantong Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Guipeng Wei
This work primarily investigates the green synthesis of 1-ferrocenyl-2-thiazolyl Schiff base (probe L) and its anion recognition performance. Using acetylferrocene as the starting material and p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst, 1-ferrocenyl-2-thiazolyl Schiff base was synthesized and characterized via a solvent-free grinding method. Optimal synthesis conditions were obtained through the optimization of the synthetic method. The anion recognition performance of probe L was explored, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that probe L could specifically recognize Cr2O72− and CrO42− ions with strong anti-interference ability. The effects of time and pH on its recognition performance were further investigated. Quantitative analysis showed that the binding ratios of probe L to Cr2O72− and CrO42− were both 1: 1, with binding constants of 6.8182 × 105 M−1 and 5.7806 × 105 M−1, respectively; the detection limits reached 1.6993 × 10−5 M and 1.6800 × 10−5 M. The complexation mechanism of probe L with Cr2O72− and CrO42− was further illustrated by IR and 1H NMR titrations. In practical applications, probe L can be used to roughly detect Cr2O72− and CrO42− in water samples via test strips, offering a rapid and simple detection method.
{"title":"Green synthesis and recognition of Cr₂O₇2− and CrO₄2− ions of a novel Schiff base fluorescent probe","authors":"Yuting Liu , Jiake Zhu , Dawei Yin , Yi Zhou , Chi Dang , Jiabao Chen , Dantong Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Guipeng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work primarily investigates the green synthesis of 1-ferrocenyl-2-thiazolyl Schiff base (probe L) and its anion recognition performance. Using acetylferrocene as the starting material and p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst, 1-ferrocenyl-2-thiazolyl Schiff base was synthesized and characterized via a solvent-free grinding method. Optimal synthesis conditions were obtained through the optimization of the synthetic method. The anion recognition performance of probe L was explored, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that probe L could specifically recognize Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> ions with strong anti-interference ability. The effects of time and pH on its recognition performance were further investigated. Quantitative analysis showed that the binding ratios of probe L to Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> were both 1: 1, with binding constants of 6.8182 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>−1</sup> and 5.7806 × 10<sup>5</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; the detection limits reached 1.6993 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M and 1.6800 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M. The complexation mechanism of probe L with Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> was further illustrated by IR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR titrations. In practical applications, probe L can be used to roughly detect Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> and CrO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> in water samples via test strips, offering a rapid and simple detection method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123098
Sudeep Ranjan Jana , Koushik Saha , Arabinda Chakraborty , Ananya Das Mahapatra , Sukanya Paul , Indrajit Saha , Chittaranjan Sinha
A pyridylhydrazide Schiff base, N’-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzylidene) picolinohydrazide (H₂L) has been comprehensively characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction data. H2L is weakly emissive and shows fluorescence enhancement selectively in CH3CN/H2O (1:99, v/v; HEPES Buffer, pH 7.2) medium for Al3+ ion in presence of fifteen other cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Pd2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Ga3+ and In3+) with limit of detection (LOD) 1.32 nM. The probe also shows colour change from colourless to yellow in the CH3CN solution only for CN− in presence of eighteen anions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO₃−, NO₂−, HSO₄−, SO₄2−, H₂PO₄−, HPO₄2−, ClO₄−, SCN−, OCN−, S₂O₃2−, AsO₂−, AsO₄3−, HF₂−, N₃−) with LOD 0.367 μM. The binding of H₂L separately with Al3+ and CN− was supported by 1H NMR spectral titration, IR spectra and Job's Plot analysis revealed 1:1 stoichiometry [H₂LAl3+] and [H₂L + CN−]. The probe was also applied for quantitative analysis of Al3+ in pharmaceutical samples (Telma, Nexpro, Diovol, Disprin, Diagene) while H2L absorbed paper strips facilitated rapid on-site detection of Al3+ (fluorogenic) and CN− (chromogenic) underscoring its potential use for practical application. Theoretical insights into the electronic transitions were obtained from DFT studies through geometrical optimization of the probe in complexation with Al3+ and CN−.
{"title":"Pyridyl hydrazide Schiff base: Structure, spectra, Fluorogenic Al3+ and chromogenic CN− sensors and theoretical interpretation","authors":"Sudeep Ranjan Jana , Koushik Saha , Arabinda Chakraborty , Ananya Das Mahapatra , Sukanya Paul , Indrajit Saha , Chittaranjan Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pyridylhydrazide Schiff base, N’-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzylidene) picolinohydrazide (H₂L) has been comprehensively characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction data. H<sub>2</sub>L is weakly emissive and shows fluorescence enhancement selectively in CH<sub>3</sub>CN/H<sub>2</sub>O (1:99, <em>v</em>/v; HEPES Buffer, pH 7.2) medium for Al<sup>3+</sup> ion in presence of fifteen other cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Pd<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ga<sup>3+</sup> and In<sup>3+</sup>) with limit of detection (LOD) 1.32 nM. The probe also shows colour change from colourless to yellow in the CH<sub>3</sub>CN solution only for CN<sup>−</sup> in presence of eighteen anions (F<sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Br<sup>−</sup>, I<sup>−</sup>, NO₃<sup>−</sup>, NO₂<sup>−</sup>, HSO₄<sup>−</sup>, SO₄<sup>2−</sup>, H₂PO₄<sup>−</sup>, HPO₄<sup>2−</sup>, ClO₄<sup>−</sup>, SCN<sup>−</sup>, OCN<sup>−</sup>, S₂O₃<sup>2−</sup>, AsO₂<sup>−</sup>, AsO₄<sup>3−</sup>, HF₂<sup>−</sup>, N₃<sup>−</sup>) with LOD 0.367 μM. The binding of H₂L separately with Al<sup>3+</sup> and CN<sup>−</sup> was supported by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral titration, IR spectra and Job's Plot analysis revealed 1:1 stoichiometry [H₂L<img>Al<sup>3+</sup>] and [H₂L + CN<sup>−</sup>]. The probe was also applied for quantitative analysis of Al<sup>3+</sup> in pharmaceutical samples (Telma, Nexpro, Diovol, Disprin, Diagene) while H<sub>2</sub>L absorbed paper strips facilitated rapid on-site detection of Al<sup>3+</sup> (fluorogenic) and CN<sup>−</sup> (chromogenic) underscoring its potential use for practical application. Theoretical insights into the electronic transitions were obtained from DFT studies through geometrical optimization of the probe in complexation with Al<sup>3+</sup> and CN<sup>−</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123114
Amal Yousri , Esraa Alaa , Francoise M. Amombo Noa , Lars Öhrström , Ayman El-Faham , Morsy A.M. Abu-Youssef , Saied M. Soliman , Eman M. Fathalla , Sara M. Khattab
Two novel Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes were synthesized using a newly developed s-triazine ligand, N-(4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)quinolin-8-amine, and their structures were fully confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Mn(II) ion is penta-coordinated with one NNN-tridentate chelate and two chloride ions leading to the [MnLCl2] formula for 1. The [Fe2L2(μ-O)(H2O)4](NO3)4.3H2O comprised two hexacoordinated Fe(III) centers connected by an oxo bridge where each metal center is further coordinated with one NNN-tridentate chelate L and two water molecules. Hirshfeld analysis disclosed the highest contributing intermolecular interactions in the crystal of 1 to be H···H (43.3%), Cl···H (20.7%), and C···H (11.3%). For 2, the main contributions are H···H (39.7 and 40.3%), O···H (33.6 and 32.0%), and H···C (16.0 and 15.9%), for units A and B, respectively. Atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis indicates that the Mn–N, Fe–N, and terminal Fe–O bonds are predominantly closed-shell in nature, while modest covalent character is observed for the Mn–Cl and bridging Fe–O bonds. Moreover, 1 and 2 exhibited enhanced anticancer activities than the free ligand L against HCT-116 and A-549 cancer cell lines, where 2 being the most potent (IC50 values of 9.05 ± 0.21 and 10.67 ± 0.25 μM, respectively). Compared to cis-platin, 1 and 2 demonstrated greater cytotoxic effects against HCT-116 cells (∼1.2- and 3.1-fold, respectively). Additionally, the free ligand exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and C. albicans with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) of 18 and 11 mm, respectively, while 2 is more effective against P.vulgaris, with an IZD of 15 mm.
{"title":"Synthesis, structural insights, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with a novel Triazine–Quinoline ligand","authors":"Amal Yousri , Esraa Alaa , Francoise M. Amombo Noa , Lars Öhrström , Ayman El-Faham , Morsy A.M. Abu-Youssef , Saied M. Soliman , Eman M. Fathalla , Sara M. Khattab","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes were synthesized using a newly developed <em>s</em>-triazine ligand, <em>N</em>-(4,6-<em>bis</em>(3,5-dimethyl-1<em>H</em>-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)quinolin-8-amine, and their structures were fully confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Mn(II) ion is penta-coordinated with one <em>NNN</em>-tridentate chelate and two chloride ions leading to the [MnLCl<sub>2</sub>] formula for <strong>1</strong>. The [Fe<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub>(<em>μ</em>-O)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>](NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>.3H<sub>2</sub>O comprised two hexacoordinated Fe(III) centers connected by an oxo bridge where each metal center is further coordinated with one <em>NNN</em>-tridentate chelate <strong>L</strong> and two water molecules. Hirshfeld analysis disclosed the highest contributing intermolecular interactions in the crystal of <strong>1</strong> to be H···H (43.3%), Cl···H (20.7%), and C···H (11.3%). For <strong>2</strong>, the main contributions are H···H (39.7 and 40.3%), O···H (33.6 and 32.0%), and H···C (16.0 and 15.9%), for units <strong>A</strong> and <strong>B</strong>, respectively. Atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis indicates that the Mn–N, Fe–N, and terminal Fe–O bonds are predominantly closed-shell in nature, while modest covalent character is observed for the Mn–Cl and bridging Fe–O bonds. Moreover, <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> exhibited enhanced anticancer activities than the free ligand <strong>L</strong> against HCT-116 and A-549 cancer cell lines, where <strong>2</strong> being the most potent (IC<sub>50</sub> values of 9.05 ± 0.21 and 10.67 ± 0.25 μM, respectively). Compared to <em>cis</em>-platin, <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> demonstrated greater cytotoxic effects against HCT-116 cells (∼1.2- and 3.1-fold, respectively). Additionally, the free ligand exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> with inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) of 18 and 11 mm, respectively, while <strong>2</strong> is more effective against <em>P.vulgaris,</em> with an IZD of 15 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123101
Farha A. Ali , Nahed M.H. Salem , Tarek E. Khalil , Saied M. Soliman , Assem Barakat , Matti Haukka , Ayman El-Faham , Raghdaa A. Massoud
Newly synthesized multidentate s-triazine bis-Schiff base ligand H2L [(3Z,3′E)-3,3′-((6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))bis(indolin-2-one)] and its three ternary complexes [Ni(L)(Im)2].6H2O; 1, [Mn(L)(Im)2].½Im*3H2O; 2, and [Co(L)(Im)2].½EtOH*H2O; 3 were prepared and thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods and theoretical studies. X-ray crystal structure of 1 and 2 complexes revealed that the central metal ion, M(II), is chelated by the dinegative pentadentate (N3O2) ligand (L)−2 and two axially imidazole (Im) groups, resulting in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. In contrast, in complex 3, Co(II) is bound to a dinegative tetradentate (N3O) (L)−2 ligand and two axial imidazole moieties forming a distorted octahedral geometry. Hirshfeld surface and energy framework analyses revealed that dispersion forces dominate the supramolecular architecture of complexes 1 and 2 (Edis= − 303.494 and − 215.880 kJ/mol, respectively), whereas in 3, electrostatic force (Eele = −376.215 kJ/mol) plays the primary role. Atoms in molecules calculations (AIM) indicate that most of M-O and M-N bonds in 1 exhibit covalent character, whereas those in 2 and 3 reveal mostly closed-shell nature. Moreover, the charge of central Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II) are reduced upon complexation with ligand units to 0.8326, 1.0526, and 0.8564e for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Biological evaluation demonstrated that 1 and 3 showed greater activity compared to the free ligand against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, their activity against S. aureus was similar to the reference gentamicin, producing a 20 mm inhibition zone and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 213–217 μM. Safety evaluation of the studied compounds indicated no cytotoxic impact on normal lung fibroblast WI-38 cell line.
{"title":"Design, synthesis, structural and supramolecular insights of Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) ternary imidazole complexes with Giant s-triazine ligand bearing Isatin arms","authors":"Farha A. Ali , Nahed M.H. Salem , Tarek E. Khalil , Saied M. Soliman , Assem Barakat , Matti Haukka , Ayman El-Faham , Raghdaa A. Massoud","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Newly synthesized multidentate <em>s</em>-triazine <em>bis</em>-Schiff base ligand <strong>H</strong><sub><strong>2</strong></sub><strong>L</strong> [(3<em>Z</em>,3′<em>E</em>)-3,3′-((6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)<em>bis</em>(hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene))<em>bis</em>(indolin-2-one)] and its three ternary complexes [Ni(<strong>L</strong>)(Im)<sub>2</sub>].6H<sub>2</sub>O; <strong>1</strong>, [Mn(<strong>L</strong>)(Im)<sub>2</sub>].½Im*3H<sub>2</sub>O; <strong>2</strong>, and [Co(<strong>L</strong>)(Im)<sub>2</sub>].½EtOH*H<sub>2</sub>O; <strong>3</strong> were prepared and thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods and theoretical studies. X-ray crystal structure of <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> complexes revealed that the central metal ion, M(II), is chelated by the dinegative pentadentate (N3O2) ligand (<strong>L</strong>)<sup>−2</sup> and two axially imidazole (Im) groups, resulting in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. In contrast, in complex <strong>3,</strong> Co(II) is bound to a dinegative tetradentate (N3O) (<strong>L</strong>)<sup><strong>−2</strong></sup> ligand and two axial imidazole moieties forming a distorted octahedral geometry. Hirshfeld surface and energy framework analyses revealed that dispersion forces dominate the supramolecular architecture of complexes <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> (E<sub>dis=</sub> − 303.494 and − 215.880 kJ/mol, respectively), whereas in <strong>3</strong>, electrostatic force (E<sub>ele</sub> = −376.215 kJ/mol) plays the primary role. Atoms in molecules calculations (AIM) indicate that most of M-O and M-N bonds in <strong>1</strong> exhibit covalent character, whereas those in <strong>2</strong> and <strong>3</strong> reveal mostly closed-shell nature. Moreover, the charge of central Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II) are reduced upon complexation with ligand units to 0.8326, 1.0526, and 0.8564e for <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>3</strong>, respectively. Biological evaluation demonstrated that <strong>1</strong> and <strong>3</strong> showed greater activity compared to the free ligand against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, their activity against <em>S. aureus</em> was similar to the reference gentamicin, producing a 20 mm inhibition zone and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 213–217 μM. Safety evaluation of the studied compounds indicated no cytotoxic impact on normal lung fibroblast WI-38 cell line.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-24Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123092
Jiao Guo , Xin-Hong Li , Ya-Kun Zhang , Wei Zhang , Ai-Min Chen , Yuan-Chun He
Coordination polymers (CPs) have garnered significant attention due to their structural diversity and functional versatility, driven by the reasonable selection of metal centers and organic ligands. In this work, we synthesizes and characterizes four new Ni(II)-based CPs based on 1-(3-carboxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (H2CBPC) and auxiliary N-donor ligands. The structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and exhibit diversity influenced by ligand coordination modes, the presence of auxiliary N-donor ligands, and weak interactions. Hirshfeld surface analyses quantified intermolecular interactions, highlighting the role of non-covalent forces in stabilizing supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 were investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The charge-discharge curves, cycling performance, and rate capability of these four compounds have been thoroughly tested. All charge-discharge curves demonstrate poor specific capacity, while cycling tests and rate capability assessments indicate reasonable cycling stability. While they do not exhibit particularly outstanding performance compared to other materials, the results still offer valuable insights for the development of lithium-ion battery anodes.
{"title":"Ligand-directed assembly of four new Ni(II)-based coordination polymers: structures, Hirshfeld surface analyses and electrochemical properties","authors":"Jiao Guo , Xin-Hong Li , Ya-Kun Zhang , Wei Zhang , Ai-Min Chen , Yuan-Chun He","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coordination polymers (CPs) have garnered significant attention due to their structural diversity and functional versatility, driven by the reasonable selection of metal centers and organic ligands. In this work, we synthesizes and characterizes four new Ni(II)-based CPs based on 1-(3-carboxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (H<sub>2</sub>CBPC) and auxiliary N-donor ligands. The structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and exhibit diversity influenced by ligand coordination modes, the presence of auxiliary N-donor ligands, and weak interactions. Hirshfeld surface analyses quantified intermolecular interactions, highlighting the role of non-covalent forces in stabilizing supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong> were investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The charge-discharge curves, cycling performance, and rate capability of these four compounds have been thoroughly tested. All charge-discharge curves demonstrate poor specific capacity, while cycling tests and rate capability assessments indicate reasonable cycling stability. While they do not exhibit particularly outstanding performance compared to other materials, the results still offer valuable insights for the development of lithium-ion battery anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}