Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123093
Jie Zhao , Jin-Song Li , Wei-Yu Zou , Ju-Wen Zhang , Bin-Qiu Liu , Xi-Qiang Tian
Under solvothermal conditions of CH3CH2OH and H2O, a series of rare earth-organic complexes [Ln(3,5-DCB)3(dmbpy)] [Ln = Nd (1), Sm (2), Eu (3), Gd (4), Tb (5), Dy (6), Er (7) and Yb (8), 3,5-HDCB = 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine] have been synthesized by the reactions of Ln(NO3)3·6H2O with 3,5-HDCB, dmbpy and NaOH. These complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (EA), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermoanalysis (DTA). The SCXRD analysis reveals complexes 1–8 exhibit two sorts of distinct structures. Complex 1 features a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure, and the adjacent chains are interconnected through the π–π interactions between the dmbpy co-ligands to generate a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular layer. Complexes 2–8 possess discrete dinuclear cluster structures, which can be extended into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework by the π–π interactions. The fluorescence and fluorescence lifetimes of 2, 3, 5 and 6 were studied and the characteristic emission spectra of rare earth ions are observed. The magnetic investigation of 1 and 4–8 was conducted and complex 6 displays a slow magnetic relaxation behavior.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and properties of a series of rare earth 3,5-dichlorobenzoate complexes including 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine","authors":"Jie Zhao , Jin-Song Li , Wei-Yu Zou , Ju-Wen Zhang , Bin-Qiu Liu , Xi-Qiang Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under solvothermal conditions of CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH and H<sub>2</sub>O, a series of rare earth-organic complexes [Ln(3,5-DCB)<sub>3</sub>(dmbpy)] [Ln = Nd (<strong>1</strong>), Sm (<strong>2</strong>), Eu (<strong>3</strong>), Gd (<strong>4</strong>), Tb (<strong>5</strong>), Dy (<strong>6</strong>), Er (<strong>7</strong>) and Yb (<strong>8</strong>), 3,5-HDCB = 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, dmbpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine] have been synthesized by the reactions of Ln(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O with 3,5-HDCB, dmbpy and NaOH. These complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (EA), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermoanalysis (DTA). The SCXRD analysis reveals complexes <strong>1</strong>–<strong>8</strong> exhibit two sorts of distinct structures. Complex <strong>1</strong> features a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure, and the adjacent chains are interconnected through the π–π interactions between the dmbpy co-ligands to generate a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular layer. Complexes <strong>2</strong>–<strong>8</strong> possess discrete dinuclear cluster structures, which can be extended into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework by the π–π interactions. The fluorescence and fluorescence lifetimes of <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> were studied and the characteristic emission spectra of rare earth ions are observed. The magnetic investigation of <strong>1</strong> and <strong>4</strong>–<strong>8</strong> was conducted and complex <strong>6</strong> displays a slow magnetic relaxation behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fabrication of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing both structural stability and catalytic efficiency. In this study, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a zirconium-based framework, Zr@BDC@Fc-MOF, incorporating ferrocene units into the structure. The redox-active ferrocene moieties impart additional functionality, while the Zr-BDC network provides porosity and stability, resulting in a material with improved catalytic properties. The framework was characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDS mapping, P-XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM, confirming its crystallinity and well-developed porous structure. Zr@BDC@Fc-MOF was subsequently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives, affording products in good to excellent yield under ambient conditions. The catalyst exhibited durability and specific catalytic activity, highlighting its potential as a promising platform for sustainable heterocycles synthesis.
{"title":"Sustainable catalysis via ferrocene-modified Zr-MOF for solvent-free annulations toward functionalized pyridine heterocycles","authors":"Lokesh Mahavar, Parveen Kumar, Gourav Kumar, Meena Nemiwal","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fabrication of bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing both structural stability and catalytic efficiency. In this study, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a zirconium-based framework, Zr@BDC@Fc-MOF, incorporating ferrocene units into the structure. The redox-active ferrocene moieties impart additional functionality, while the Zr-BDC network provides porosity and stability, resulting in a material with improved catalytic properties. The framework was characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDS mapping, P-XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM, confirming its crystallinity and well-developed porous structure. Zr@BDC@Fc-MOF was subsequently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives, affording products in good to excellent yield under ambient conditions. The catalyst exhibited durability and specific catalytic activity, highlighting its potential as a promising platform for sustainable heterocycles synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N-Acylthiourea derivatives bearing a piperazinyl group are valuable anticancer scaffolds due to their structural versatility, favorable physicochemical properties, and ability to interact with multiple cancer-related biological targets. They are considered promising leads for developing new chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, ten ligands were synthesized in our laboratory and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Building on these findings, we designed and computationally modeled novel copper(I) complexes of the ligands as potential inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a well-established therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. A comprehensive in silico approach was employed, including molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and drug-likeness evaluation. The ligands and their copper(I) complexes were docked against the CDK2 crystal structure (PDB ID: 2VTO), and binding affinities were assessed. Before docking, all compounds were geometry optimized, and their electronic properties, such as total energy and HOMO/LUMO orbital distributions, were calculated to inform docking simulations. ProTox 3.0 predicted all compounds to be non-toxic across major endpoints, with inactivity probabilities ranging from 0.50 to 0.99. The results suggest that both the free ligands and their copper complexes exhibit favorable binding interactions with the CDK2 active site, supporting their potential as lead compounds for further development in colon cancer therapeutics. Molecular dynamics simulations using the selected OPLS-AA force field were performed to analyze RMSD, RMSF, and protein–ligand contacts for the best docking poses.
{"title":"Computational insights into thiourea derivatives and their copper complexes as potential CDK inhibitors in HCT116 colon carcinoma cells","authors":"Rahime Eshaghi Malekshah , Amir Karim , Jebiti Haribabu , Anantha Krishnan Dhanabalan , Daniel Moraga , Najeeb Ullah , Sodio C.N. Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>N-</em>Acylthiourea derivatives bearing a piperazinyl group are valuable anticancer scaffolds due to their structural versatility, favorable physicochemical properties, and ability to interact with multiple cancer-related biological targets. They are considered promising leads for developing new chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, ten ligands were synthesized in our laboratory and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Building on these findings, we designed and computationally modeled novel copper(I) complexes of the ligands as potential inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), a well-established therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. A comprehensive <em>in silico</em> approach was employed, including molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and drug-likeness evaluation. The ligands and their copper(I) complexes were docked against the CDK2 crystal structure (PDB ID: <span><span>2VTO</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), and binding affinities were assessed. Before docking, all compounds were geometry optimized, and their electronic properties, such as total energy and HOMO/LUMO orbital distributions, were calculated to inform docking simulations. ProTox 3.0 predicted all compounds to be non-toxic across major endpoints, with inactivity probabilities ranging from 0.50 to 0.99. The results suggest that both the free ligands and their copper complexes exhibit favorable binding interactions with the CDK2 active site, supporting their potential as lead compounds for further development in colon cancer therapeutics. Molecular dynamics simulations using the selected OPLS-AA force field were performed to analyze RMSD, RMSF, and protein–ligand contacts for the best docking poses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123086
Crystal M. Thompson , Elizabeth A. Tonsel-White , Gabriel M. Mercier , Garry S. Hanan , Alvin A. Holder , Mark A.W. Lawrence
Three Co(III) pincer complexes of the general formula [Co(L)I2(solv)]·(solv)n (solv = CH3CH2OH (n = 0) or H2O (n = 1) and L = bis-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarbothioamide (L1), N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (L2), and 6-(4,7-dimethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarbothioamide (L3); were prepared by oxidation of the corresponding Co(II) species using iodine in ethanol to give the Co(III) pincer complexes, 1–3. The Co(III) complexes were shown to be active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile, with Faradaic efficiencies in the range 80–88%, and overpotentials between 490 and 670 mV with acetic acid as the proton source. Faradaic efficiencies ranging from 35 to 65% and overpotentials between 660 and 700 mV were obtained with p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate as the proton source. The potential for light-driven hydrogen production of the catalysts were evaluated under blue light (445 nm, 44 mW) under photocatalytic conditions using acetonitrile as solvent, triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor, tetrafluoroboric acid (HBF4, aqueous solution 48%) as a proton donor and ruthenium complex [RuII(bpy)3](PF6)2 as a photosensitizer (PS). Complex 1, which had a κ3-SNS coordination of the ligand, showed the best results, achieving a similar efficiency when compared to the [Co(dmgH)(dmgH2)Cl2] reference (within ca 90% of the TON and TOF) with a TON of up to 232 molH2.molcat−1 and a TOF of up to 13,880 mmolH2.molcat−1.min−1. Complexes 2 and 3 having κ3-ONS and κ3-SNN gave similar results, achieving TON ca. 130 molH2.molcat−1 and TOF ca. 11,000 mmolH2.molcat−1.min−1, respectively. Complex 1 was able to produce hydrogen over a longer period, suggesting that the κ3-SNS coordination mode improved the lifetime of the Co(III) and the transient species generated in the catalytic cycle.
{"title":"Co(III) pincer complexes bearing functionalized pyridyl benzothiazoles/(thio)amides for electro- and photo-catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in acetonitrile","authors":"Crystal M. Thompson , Elizabeth A. Tonsel-White , Gabriel M. Mercier , Garry S. Hanan , Alvin A. Holder , Mark A.W. Lawrence","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three Co(III) pincer complexes of the general formula [Co(<strong><em>L</em></strong>)I<sub>2</sub>(solv)]·(solv)<sub>n</sub> (solv = CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH (<em>n</em> = 0) or H<sub>2</sub>O (<em>n</em> = 1) and <strong><em>L</em></strong> = bis-<em>N</em>-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine-2,6-dicarbothioamide (<strong><em>L</em></strong><sup><strong><em>1</em></strong></sup>), <em>N</em>-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (<strong><em>L</em></strong><sup><strong><em>2</em></strong></sup>), and 6-(4,7-dimethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl)-<em>N</em>-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-pyridinecarbothioamide (<strong><em>L</em></strong><sup><strong>3</strong></sup>); were prepared by oxidation of the corresponding Co(II) species using iodine in ethanol to give the Co(III) pincer complexes, <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong>. The Co(III) complexes were shown to be active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction at an unmodified glassy carbon electrode in acetonitrile, with Faradaic efficiencies in the range 80–88%, and overpotentials between 490 and 670 mV with acetic acid as the proton source. Faradaic efficiencies ranging from 35 to 65% and overpotentials between 660 and 700 mV were obtained with <em>p</em>-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate as the proton source. The potential for light-driven hydrogen production of the catalysts were evaluated under blue light (445 nm, 44 mW) under photocatalytic conditions using acetonitrile as solvent, triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor, tetrafluoroboric acid (HBF<sub>4</sub>, aqueous solution 48%) as a proton donor and ruthenium complex [Ru<sup>II</sup>(bpy)<sub>3</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as a photosensitizer (PS). Complex <strong>1,</strong> which had a κ<sup>3</sup>-SNS coordination of the ligand, showed the best results, achieving a similar efficiency when compared to the [Co(dmgH)(dmgH<sub>2</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>] reference (within ca 90% of the TON and TOF) with a TON of up to 232 mol<sub>H2</sub>.mol<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup> and a TOF of up to 13,880 mmol<sub>H2</sub>.mol<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup>.min<sup>−1</sup>. Complexes <strong>2</strong> and <strong>3</strong> having κ<sup>3</sup>-ONS and κ<sup>3</sup>-SNN gave similar results, achieving TON ca. 130 mol<sub>H2</sub>.mol<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup> and TOF ca. 11,000 mmol<sub>H2</sub>.mol<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup>.min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Complex <strong>1</strong> was able to produce hydrogen over a longer period, suggesting that the κ<sup>3</sup>-SNS coordination mode improved the lifetime of the Co(III) and the transient species generated in the catalytic cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123089
Fen Wang , Yuhong Liu , Jianfeng Li, Chunming Cui
Rare-earth (RE) ate complexes, formed by the coordination of anionic ligands to neutral rare-earth complexes, have attracted increasing attention. The electronic and steric protection toward the central ions in rare-earth ate complexes significantly enhances their stability. Moreover, rare-earth alkyl and amide ate complexes have been shown to behave as promising catalysts, attributable not only to the unique electronic structures but also interatomic collaborations. This review focuses on structurally characterized rare-earth alkyl and amide ate complexes, emphasizing their synthesis, structural features, reactivity and catalytic applications.
{"title":"Rare-earth alkyl and amide ate complexes","authors":"Fen Wang , Yuhong Liu , Jianfeng Li, Chunming Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare-earth (RE) ate complexes, formed by the coordination of anionic ligands to neutral rare-earth complexes, have attracted increasing attention. The electronic and steric protection toward the central ions in rare-earth ate complexes significantly enhances their stability. Moreover, rare-earth alkyl and amide ate complexes have been shown to behave as promising catalysts, attributable not only to the unique electronic structures but also interatomic collaborations. This review focuses on structurally characterized rare-earth alkyl and amide ate complexes, emphasizing their synthesis, structural features, reactivity and catalytic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088
Marc Baltrun , Benjamin Wittwer , Sonja Liu , Merlin Kleoff , Alexander Pöthig , Sebastian Riedel , Stephan Hohloch
We present an isostructural series of cerium(IV) amidinate complexes with halide co-ligands ranging from fluoride to iodide. Different routes are presented to access these valuable species, including the use of various oxidants such as the trichloride salt [NEt3Me][Cl3] or the tribromide salt [NMe3Ph][Br3]. In addition, we present the syntheses of rare triflate and cationic cerium(IV) complexes and first insights into the salt metathesis reactivity using (thio-)cyanates and azides are given.
{"title":"Amidinate stabilized cerium(IV) halide chemistry: synthesis and reactivity","authors":"Marc Baltrun , Benjamin Wittwer , Sonja Liu , Merlin Kleoff , Alexander Pöthig , Sebastian Riedel , Stephan Hohloch","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an isostructural series of cerium(IV) amidinate complexes with halide co-ligands ranging from fluoride to iodide. Different routes are presented to access these valuable species, including the use of various oxidants such as the trichloride salt [NEt<sub>3</sub><sub>Me</sub>][Cl<sub>3</sub>] or the tribromide salt [NMe<sub>3</sub><sub>Ph</sub>][Br<sub>3</sub>]. In addition, we present the syntheses of rare triflate and cationic cerium(IV) complexes and first insights into the salt metathesis reactivity using (thio-)cyanates and azides are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"595 ","pages":"Article 123088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123081
Josefredo R. Pliego Jr
The development of palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic fluorination is a noteworthy example of rational ligand design, with theoretical calculations playing a critical role throughout the process. This review presents the historical development of this catalysis, beginning with the first theoretical insights from Yandulov and Tran. In the sequence, the successful design of biaryl monophosphine ligands and experiments performed by Buchwald and coworkers are discussed. The last part is the recent new theoretical insights into the mechanism able to explain the formation of regioisomers, followed by in silico design of more powerful ligands. Along with the text, a close connection between theory and experiments is presented, providing a deep understanding of the mechanism.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic fluorination: From early discoveries to recent Design of new Ligands","authors":"Josefredo R. Pliego Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic fluorination is a noteworthy example of rational ligand design, with theoretical calculations playing a critical role throughout the process. This review presents the historical development of this catalysis, beginning with the first theoretical insights from Yandulov and Tran. In the sequence, the successful design of biaryl monophosphine ligands and experiments performed by Buchwald and coworkers are discussed. The last part is the recent new theoretical insights into the mechanism able to explain the formation of regioisomers, followed by in silico design of more powerful ligands. Along with the text, a close connection between theory and experiments is presented, providing a deep understanding of the mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123085
Manas Kumar Mahish , Dama Saren , Michael Bodensteiner , Ennio Zangrando , Subal Chandra Manna
Two dinuclear Ni(II) complexes, [Ni2(L1)2(N3)2(H2O)] (1) and [Ni2(L2)2(N3)1.675(NO3)0.325(H2O)] (2) (where HL1 = 2-[(2-ethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol; HL2 = 2-ethoxy-6-[(2-ethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–visible, IR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The diffraction study showed comparable structure for the two dinuclear complexes with the two metals exhibiting a distorted octahedral geometry but with a different chemical environment, built by a N4O2 set for Ni1 and N3O3 for Ni2. One ligand acts as tetradentate bridging the metals Ni1 and Ni2 with phenolate oxygen, while the other Schiff base is tridentate chelating Ni2 only. In addition, the metals are bridged by a μ1,1-azide, and Ni1 completes the coordination sphere though a terminal N azide and an aquo O atom. Complexes 1 and 2 form 1D supra-molecular network through H-bonding interactions. As complement of experimental investigations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using B3LYP method and LanL2MB basis set. The results show that complex 1 has a slightly higher HOMO-LUMO energy gap in comparison to complex 2. Calculated values of chemical potential and electronegativity are comparable for both the complexes. Complexes 1 and 2 show fluorescence emission with lifetimes of 0.23766 ns and 0.21073 ns, respectively.
{"title":"Phenoxido and azido bridged Schiff base coordinated dinuclear Ni(II) complexes: Syntheses, crystal structure and DFT calculation","authors":"Manas Kumar Mahish , Dama Saren , Michael Bodensteiner , Ennio Zangrando , Subal Chandra Manna","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two dinuclear Ni(II) complexes, [Ni<sub>2</sub>(L<sup>1</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)] (<strong>1</strong>) and [Ni<sub>2</sub>(L<sup>2</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1.675</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.325</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)] (<strong>2</strong>) (where HL<sup>1</sup> = 2-[(2-ethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-6-methoxy-phenol; HL<sup>2</sup> = 2-ethoxy-6-[(2-ethylamino-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenol) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–visible, IR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The diffraction study showed comparable structure for the two dinuclear complexes with the two metals exhibiting a distorted octahedral geometry but with a different chemical environment, built by a N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> set for Ni1 and N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for Ni2. One ligand acts as tetradentate bridging the metals Ni1 and Ni2 with phenolate oxygen, while the other Schiff base is tridentate chelating Ni2 only. In addition, the metals are bridged by a μ1,1-azide, and Ni1 completes the coordination sphere though a terminal N azide and an aquo O atom. Complexes <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> form 1D supra-molecular network through H-bonding interactions. As complement of experimental investigations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using B3LYP method and LanL2MB basis set. The results show that complex <strong>1</strong> has a slightly higher HOMO-LUMO energy gap in comparison to complex <strong>2</strong>. Calculated values of chemical potential and electronegativity are comparable for both the complexes. Complexes <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> show fluorescence emission with lifetimes of 0.23766 ns and 0.21073 ns, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123079
Xiaoping Sun, Erik Ulvaeng, Kaylee Nott
The luminescence spectra of mixtures of the uranyl UO22+ (VI) ion (U) and each of the following aromatic molecules (Ar): diphenyl sulfide (Ph2S), benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone, Hq), anthracene (An), 4-nitrotoluene (NT), 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB), and 2-naphthol (NaphOH), have been studied. For each of the Ar/U pairs, Ar was found to quench the luminescence of U; and U, on the other hand, was also found to quench the luminescence of Ar. The quenching efficiency of each Ar for the U* luminescence (IU0/IU) was determined to be dependent linearly on the Ar molarity: IU0/IU = 1 + Kq(Ar)[Ar] (Kq(Ar): quenching constant of Ar for the U* luminescence). The quenching efficiency of U for the Ar* luminescence (IAr0/IAr) was determined to be dependent linearly on the U molarity as well: IAr0/IAr = 1 + Kq(U)[U] (Kq(U): quenching constant of U for the Ar* luminescence). The quenching of the Ar* luminescence (Ar = Ph2S, Hq, and An) by U occurred via an irreversible charge-transfer from the excited state Ar* (LUMO) to the ground state U (LUMO) within an EDA complex [Ar*, U] giving an Ar radical (Ph2S+., Hq, or An+.) and UO2+ (V). The charge-transfer mechanism for luminescence quenching is supported by the UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopic studies. The luminescence spectra of the Ar/U mixtures (Ar = NT, CNB, and NaphOH) with variable Ar and U concentrations exhibited emissions of both Ar* and U*. Their spectral lines shared a common isosbestic point. This indicates reversible, quantitative electronic excitation energy transfer from Ar* (energy donor) to U (energy acceptor) leading to Ar and U*, giving rise to quenching of the Ar* luminescence by U, and the simultaneous backward transfer of electronic energy from U* to Ar (Ar* + U ⇄ Ar + U*). Kinetic analysis has been performed based on the reversible electronic energy transfer mechanism. All the results in this work can serve as the theoretical basis for development of high–efficiency UO22+–stimulated/sensitized phosphors.
{"title":"Luminescent spectroscopic studies of electronic excitation energy transfer between aromatic molecules and the uranyl UO22+ (VI) cation","authors":"Xiaoping Sun, Erik Ulvaeng, Kaylee Nott","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The luminescence spectra of mixtures of the uranyl UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> (VI) ion (U) and each of the following aromatic molecules (Ar): diphenyl sulfide (Ph<sub>2</sub>S), benzene-1,4-diol (hydroquinone, Hq), anthracene (An), 4-nitrotoluene (NT), 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (CNB), and 2-naphthol (NaphOH), have been studied. For each of the Ar/U pairs, Ar was found to quench the luminescence of U; and U, on the other hand, was also found to quench the luminescence of Ar. The quenching efficiency of each Ar for the U* luminescence (I<sub>U</sub><sup>0</sup>/I<sub>U</sub>) was determined to be dependent linearly on the Ar molarity: I<sub>U</sub><sup>0</sup>/I<sub>U</sub> = 1 + K<sub>q(Ar)</sub>[Ar] (K<sub>q(Ar)</sub>: quenching constant of Ar for the U* luminescence). The quenching efficiency of U for the Ar* luminescence (I<sub>Ar</sub><sup>0</sup>/I<sub>Ar</sub>) was determined to be dependent linearly on the U molarity as well: I<sub>Ar</sub><sup>0</sup>/I<sub>Ar</sub> = 1 + K<sub>q(U)</sub>[U] (K<sub>q(U)</sub>: quenching constant of U for the Ar* luminescence). The quenching of the Ar* luminescence (Ar = Ph<sub>2</sub>S, Hq, and An) by U occurred via an irreversible charge-transfer from the excited state Ar* (LUMO) to the ground state U (LUMO) within an EDA complex [Ar*, U] giving an Ar radical (Ph<sub>2</sub>S<sup>+</sup><sup>.</sup>, Hq, or An<sup>+<strong>.</strong></sup>) and UO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> (V). The charge-transfer mechanism for luminescence quenching is supported by the UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopic studies. The luminescence spectra of the Ar/U mixtures (Ar = NT, CNB, and NaphOH) with variable Ar and U concentrations exhibited emissions of both Ar* and U*. Their spectral lines shared a common isosbestic point. This indicates reversible, quantitative electronic excitation energy transfer from Ar* (energy donor) to U (energy acceptor) leading to Ar and U*, giving rise to quenching of the Ar* luminescence by U, and the simultaneous backward transfer of electronic energy from U* to Ar (Ar* + U ⇄ Ar + U*). Kinetic analysis has been performed based on the reversible electronic energy transfer mechanism. All the results in this work can serve as the theoretical basis for development of high–efficiency UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>–stimulated/sensitized phosphors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123084
Candice Schlabach, Chibuzor Uwazie, Rui Zhang
Oxidation of iron(III) tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine chloride [FeIII(tBu₄Pc)Cl] (1) with AgClO₃ in anaerobic CH₃CN rapidly afforded a new species (2), assigned as an iron(IV)-oxo complex, i.e., [FeIV(tBu₄Pc)O]. Its formation is rationalized by thermal homolysis of the OCl bond in the chlorate ligand, leading to a one-electron oxidation of the metal center. Species 2 was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS, including an 18O-isotope exchange experiment to confirm the formation of a transient Fe(IV)=O moiety. The oxidation reactivity of the resulting iron–oxo complex was evaluated with a range of organic substrates in CH₃CN, unless otherwise specified. Overall, the second-order rate constants determined under pseudo-first-order conditions revealed that 2 exhibits moderate and substrate-dependent reactivity with pronounced solvent effects, providing the first kinetic insight into iron–oxo chemistry on a phthalocyanine framework.
{"title":"Generation, characterization, and reactivity of a phthalocyanine iron–oxo complex","authors":"Candice Schlabach, Chibuzor Uwazie, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ica.2026.123084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidation of iron(III) tetra-<em>tert</em>-butylphthalocyanine chloride [Fe<sup>III</sup>(<sup><em>t</em></sup>Bu₄Pc)Cl] (<strong>1</strong>) with AgClO₃ in anaerobic CH₃CN rapidly afforded a new species (<strong>2</strong>), assigned as an iron(IV)-oxo complex, i.e., [Fe<sup>IV</sup>(<sup><em>t</em></sup>Bu₄Pc)O]. Its formation is rationalized by thermal homolysis of the O<img>Cl bond in the chlorate ligand, leading to a one-electron oxidation of the metal center. Species <strong>2</strong> was characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS, including an <sup>18</sup>O-isotope exchange experiment to confirm the formation of a transient Fe(IV)=O moiety. The oxidation reactivity of the resulting iron–oxo complex was evaluated with a range of organic substrates in CH₃CN, unless otherwise specified. Overall, the second-order rate constants determined under pseudo-first-order conditions revealed that <strong>2</strong> exhibits moderate and substrate-dependent reactivity with pronounced solvent effects, providing the first kinetic insight into iron–oxo chemistry on a phthalocyanine framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13599,"journal":{"name":"Inorganica Chimica Acta","volume":"594 ","pages":"Article 123084"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}