Tarım, Somali'nin GSYİH'sinin % 65'sini, istihdamının % 45.8'sini ve ihracatının % 93'ünü sağlamaktadır. Kadın işgücünün en yoğun olduğu faaliyet alanlarının başında ise tarım sektörü gelmektedir. Ancak, kadınların tarımsal üretim faaliyetleri ve gıda güvenliğine önemli katkı sağlamalarına rağmen, birçok ülkede olduğu gibi, Somali’de de görünmez konumdadırlar. İşte bu çalışmada, Somali’de yoksulluğun önlenmesinde kadınların sosyo-ekonomik durumları ile tarımsal faaliyetlere katılım durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana materyalini oransal örnek hacmi formülü kullanılarak yapılan hesaplama sonucunda 96 kadın ile yüzüyüze anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, elde edilen veriler basit istatistiki yöntemler ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı nitelikte çok sayıda bulgu elde edilmiş olup, görüşülen kadınların %22.8’sinin 31-40 yaş aralığında olması, %43.5’sinin okur-yazar olmaması, %77.2’sinin evli olması, %72.8’sinin tarımsal faaliyetlerin her aşamasına katılması ve farklı nitelikte sorunlarının olması, %27.2’ sinin 10 yıldan daha az tarımla uğraşması, %38.0’ inin kendi arazisinde ve %29.3’ ünün 1 hektar ve daha az araziye sahip olması, %93.5’sinin ise herhangi bir tarımsal kooperatife üye olmaması elde elde edilen bulgulardan bazılarıdır.
{"title":"Somali’de Yoksulluğun Azaltmasında Kadınların Tarımsal Faaliyetlerine Katılım Durumu: Hirshabelle Eyaleti Örneği","authors":"Abdishakur İbrahim Abdi, S. Gümüş","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.009","url":null,"abstract":"Tarım, Somali'nin GSYİH'sinin % 65'sini, istihdamının % 45.8'sini ve ihracatının % 93'ünü sağlamaktadır. Kadın işgücünün en yoğun olduğu faaliyet alanlarının başında ise tarım sektörü gelmektedir. Ancak, kadınların tarımsal üretim faaliyetleri ve gıda güvenliğine önemli katkı sağlamalarına rağmen, birçok ülkede olduğu gibi, Somali’de de görünmez konumdadırlar. İşte bu çalışmada, Somali’de yoksulluğun önlenmesinde kadınların sosyo-ekonomik durumları ile tarımsal faaliyetlere katılım durumlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana materyalini oransal örnek hacmi formülü kullanılarak yapılan hesaplama sonucunda 96 kadın ile yüzüyüze anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, elde edilen veriler basit istatistiki yöntemler ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı nitelikte çok sayıda bulgu elde edilmiş olup, görüşülen kadınların %22.8’sinin 31-40 yaş aralığında olması, %43.5’sinin okur-yazar olmaması, %77.2’sinin evli olması, %72.8’sinin tarımsal faaliyetlerin her aşamasına katılması ve farklı nitelikte sorunlarının olması, %27.2’ sinin 10 yıldan daha az tarımla uğraşması, %38.0’ inin kendi arazisinde ve %29.3’ ünün 1 hektar ve daha az araziye sahip olması, %93.5’sinin ise herhangi bir tarımsal kooperatife üye olmaması elde elde edilen bulgulardan bazılarıdır.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124180598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
{"title":"Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken","authors":"A. Ataei, F. Kırkpınar","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the \"critical period of sexual differentiation\" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functionally Graded (FG) materials are recent types of engineering materials Fdeveloped as a solution for applications where a couple of relevant properties of different materials are desired in a single continuous composite structure. In these materials, properties are patterned in a way to insure a gradient and continuous property transition direction-wise. This study is a contribution in the literature among other studies but provides an additional understanding of FG Plate structures vibrational behavior in terms of natural frequencies and modal shapes. For this end, an FG plate is modelized and analyzed using AnsysAPDL. Two boundary conditions (all sides clamped “CCCC” and two parallel sides clamped with two others free “CCFF”) for the same plate element and two power law indices “n” are considered. Results are compared with those in the literature and conclusions are drawn accordingly.
{"title":"Finite Element Vibration Analysis of a Functionally Graded Plate","authors":"Alif Ngimbi Diambu, M. Çevik","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.043","url":null,"abstract":"Functionally Graded (FG) materials are recent types of engineering materials Fdeveloped as a solution for applications where a couple of relevant properties of different materials are desired in a single continuous composite structure. In these materials, properties are patterned in a way to insure a gradient and continuous property transition direction-wise. This study is a contribution in the literature among other studies but provides an additional understanding of FG Plate structures vibrational behavior in terms of natural frequencies and modal shapes. For this end, an FG plate is modelized and analyzed using AnsysAPDL. Two boundary conditions (all sides clamped “CCCC” and two parallel sides clamped with two others free “CCFF”) for the same plate element and two power law indices “n” are considered. Results are compared with those in the literature and conclusions are drawn accordingly.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130914862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of different amounts of acorn powder reinforcement on the quasi-static penetration behavior of glass fiber reinforced composites was investigated. Glass fiber used in this study is 0˚/90˚ stitched E-glass fiber with a density of 600 g/m2. The sizes of acorn powders used as particle reinforcements are between 10 to 40 micrometers. Powders were cleansed from impurities with a sodium hydroxide solution. Cleaned powders mixed with epoxy resin by using mechanical mixing method. Thereafter, resin mixture was applied to glass fiber with hand lay-up method and composite plate was produced by vacuum bag method. Quasi-static penetration tests were performed at room temperature. As quasi-static penetration speed, 1, 10 and 20 mm/minute was selected. Force and energy results of composites compared with each other.
{"title":"Investigation of Quasi-Static Punch-Shear Behavior of Acorn Powder Reinforced Composites","authors":"H. Kandaş, O. Özdemir","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.039","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of different amounts of acorn powder reinforcement on the quasi-static penetration behavior of glass fiber reinforced composites was investigated. Glass fiber used in this study is 0˚/90˚ stitched E-glass fiber with a density of 600 g/m2. The sizes of acorn powders used as particle reinforcements are between 10 to 40 micrometers. Powders were cleansed from impurities with a sodium hydroxide solution. Cleaned powders mixed with epoxy resin by using mechanical mixing method. Thereafter, resin mixture was applied to glass fiber with hand lay-up method and composite plate was produced by vacuum bag method. Quasi-static penetration tests were performed at room temperature. As quasi-static penetration speed, 1, 10 and 20 mm/minute was selected. Force and energy results of composites compared with each other.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126403023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulmuner Malikzada, H. F. Pulat, Inci Develioglu
Low plasticity, high bearing capacity, low settlement, etc. are the preferred properties for most engineering projects. Alluvial soils are problematic soils because of low bearing capacity, high organic matter content, and high void ratio so they do not meet the preferred condition for engineering projects. It has been necessary to improve unsuitable materials to make them acceptable for construction. Fly ash (FA) has earlier been used for stabilizing roads due to its high content of calcium and silicate oxides which give puzzolanic properties and thus high compression strength. In this research, fundamental engineering properties, compaction behaviors of three types of (fine, medium, and coarse) alluvial deposits, and the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of these alluvial soils are presented. Alluvial soil is taken from Çiğli, Balatçık (Izmir, Turkey). To determine geotechnical index properties; wet sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity, standard compaction tests were conducted. In order to determine the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of alluvial deposits, three different samples (fine < 0.425mm, medium < 2mm, and coarse < 4.75 mm) are prepared and 10%, 15%, 20% fly ash by dry weight of soil is mixed and standard proctor test is performed. As a result of laboratory tests, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index values obtained as 38.3%, 25.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. The specific gravities for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 2.68, 2.67, and 2.66, respectively. According to the results of wet sieve analysis and consistency limit tests, it was stated that the soil contains large amounts of sand and clay. The washed sieve analysis and consistency limit tests results were evaluated according to USCS. The conducted test results have shown that maximum dry unit weight for fine, medium, and coarse soils are 16.9, 19.35, and 19.55 (kN/m3), and optimum moisture content for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 17, 11, 10.5% respectively. Generally, by increasing the content of FA, maximum dry unit weight decreased and optimum moisture content increased for all three types of alluvial soil. By increasing FA to 20%, maximum dry unit weight of medium and coarse soils decreases 1.5% and 2%, respectively.
低塑性、高承载力、低沉降等是大多数工程项目的首选性能。冲积土的承载力低，有机质含量高，孔隙率高，不符合工程建设的首选条件，是问题土。有必要改进不合适的材料，使其在建筑中可以接受。粉煤灰(FA)由于其高含量的钙和硅酸盐氧化物具有迷惑性质，因此具有高抗压强度，因此较早被用于稳定道路。本文研究了三种类型冲积土(细、中、粗)的基本工程特性、压实特性以及粉煤灰对冲积土压实特性的影响。冲积土取自Çiğli, Balatçık(土耳其伊兹密尔)。确定岩土指标属性;进行了湿筛分析、塑限、液限、比重、标准压实试验。为了确定粉煤灰对冲积层压实行为的影响，制备了细粒< 0.425mm、中粒< 2mm、粗粒< 4.75 mm 3种不同的试样，按土壤干重10%、15%、20%混合粉煤灰，进行标准普罗克特试验。通过室内测试，得到的液限、塑性限和塑性指标值分别为38.3%、25.7%和12.6%。细、中、粗样品的比重分别为2.68、2.67、2.66。湿筛分析和一致性极限试验结果表明，土中含有大量的砂和粘土。根据USCS对洗筛分析和一致性极限试验结果进行了评价。试验结果表明，细土、中土和粗土的最大干单位重分别为16.9、19.35和19.55 (kN/m3)，细土、中土和粗土的最佳含水率分别为17.5%、11.5%和10.5%。总的来说，随着FA含量的增加，三种冲积土的最大干重减小，最适含水量增大。增加FA至20%，中粗土最大干单位重分别降低1.5%和2%。
{"title":"Effect of Fly Ash on Compaction Behavior of Alluvial Soil","authors":"Abdulmuner Malikzada, H. F. Pulat, Inci Develioglu","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.016","url":null,"abstract":"Low plasticity, high bearing capacity, low settlement, etc. are the preferred properties for most engineering projects. Alluvial soils are problematic soils because of low bearing capacity, high organic matter content, and high void ratio so they do not meet the preferred condition for engineering projects. It has been necessary to improve unsuitable materials to make them acceptable for construction. Fly ash (FA) has earlier been used for stabilizing roads due to its high content of calcium and silicate oxides which give puzzolanic properties and thus high compression strength. In this research, fundamental engineering properties, compaction behaviors of three types of (fine, medium, and coarse) alluvial deposits, and the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of these alluvial soils are presented. Alluvial soil is taken from Çiğli, Balatçık (Izmir, Turkey). To determine geotechnical index properties; wet sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity, standard compaction tests were conducted. In order to determine the effect of fly ash on compaction behavior of alluvial deposits, three different samples (fine < 0.425mm, medium < 2mm, and coarse < 4.75 mm) are prepared and 10%, 15%, 20% fly ash by dry weight of soil is mixed and standard proctor test is performed. As a result of laboratory tests, the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index values obtained as 38.3%, 25.7%, and 12.6%, respectively. The specific gravities for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 2.68, 2.67, and 2.66, respectively. According to the results of wet sieve analysis and consistency limit tests, it was stated that the soil contains large amounts of sand and clay. The washed sieve analysis and consistency limit tests results were evaluated according to USCS. The conducted test results have shown that maximum dry unit weight for fine, medium, and coarse soils are 16.9, 19.35, and 19.55 (kN/m3), and optimum moisture content for fine, medium, and coarse samples are 17, 11, 10.5% respectively. Generally, by increasing the content of FA, maximum dry unit weight decreased and optimum moisture content increased for all three types of alluvial soil. By increasing FA to 20%, maximum dry unit weight of medium and coarse soils decreases 1.5% and 2%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131095452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Çevreden gelen uyaranlar insanlar tarafından farkında olmadan algılanır ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan tepkiler insanların yaşam kalitesini etkiler. Biyofili kavramı, insanların doğal çevre ve yaşayan diğer canlılar ile doğuştan gelen içgüdüsel bir bağı olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Doğal ortamlar ve doğal materyaller kullanılarak tasarlanan mekanların insanların mental ve fiziksel sağlıkları üzerine restoratif etkileri bulunmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım ise, günümüzde ki yapılı çevrede doğal bir yaşam alanı yaratarak, insanların sağlık ve refah düzeylerini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sanayi devriminden sonra artan kurumsal şirketlerin mekân ihtiyacına cevap vermek için ofis mekanları ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde, insanların günlük rutininin önemli bir bölümünü çalışma hayatı oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla insanlar zamanlarının büyük bir bölümünü kapalı ofis ortamlarında geçirmektedirler. Bu nedenle ofis tasarımları önem taşımaktadır. Sağlık, insanların sadece fiziksel olarak değil zihinsel olarak da kendilerini iyi hissetme hali olarak tanımlanır. Sağlık üretkenliği etkilemektedir, bu sebeple çalışma ortamları tasarımları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sağlıklı çalışma ortamları doğa ile iç içe tasarlanan, sürdürülebilir malzemelerin kullanıldığı, termal konforun sağlandığı, iyi hava kalitesine sahip, ergonomi standartları dikkate alınarak tasarlanmış mekanlar olarak tanımlanabilirler. Günümüzde, yapılı çevreler insanları doğadan koparan önemli bir etmendir. Biyofilik tasarım, doğal unsurların iç mekanlara entegre edilmesine katkıda bulunacak tasarım ilkeleri sunarak bu kopuşun önüne geçerek insanların hayat kalitesini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Biyofilik tasarımın ilkeleri; çevresel niteliklerin kullanılması, doğal formların kullanılması, doğal dokuların ve süreçlerin kullanılması, ışığın kullanılması, mekânsal ilişkilerin sağlanması ve insan doğa ilişkilerinin mekanlara yansıtılması şeklinde özetlenebilir. Biyofilik tasarım, mimaride yeni bir akım olmasına rağmen, insan sağlığı, ekoloji ve sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini de kapsamaktadır. Biyofilik tasarımın temel amacı, insanın doğa ile bağını sağlayarak doğal unsurları barındıran mekanlar dizayn etmektir. Biyofilik tasarım kriterleri çerçevesinde tasarlanmış ofis ortamları; çalışanlar üzerinde konsantrasyon artırıcı, stres düşürücü etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca doğal unsurlar ve materyaller kullanıldığı için iç mekân çevre kalitesini de artırmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım ilkeleri doğrultusunda tasarlanmış ofis ortamları, çalışanların sağlıklarını ve yaratıcılıklarını pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, çalışanların üretkenlikleri ve çalışma hayatı kaliteleri artmaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle biyofili ve biyofilik tasarım unsurları, literatür çalışması ışığında açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra biyofilik ofis tasarımı unsurlarına göre Amazon Seattle Ana Merkezi değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak da biyofilik tasarım unsurlarının ofis tasarımlarına ve çalışma alanlarına entegre edilmesini sağlayan öneriler sunulmuştu
{"title":"Biyofilik Tasarım Kriterleri Bağlamında Ofis Tasarımı","authors":"Ahenk Karci Demirkol, Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.050","url":null,"abstract":"Çevreden gelen uyaranlar insanlar tarafından farkında olmadan algılanır ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan tepkiler insanların yaşam kalitesini etkiler. Biyofili kavramı, insanların doğal çevre ve yaşayan diğer canlılar ile doğuştan gelen içgüdüsel bir bağı olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Doğal ortamlar ve doğal materyaller kullanılarak tasarlanan mekanların insanların mental ve fiziksel sağlıkları üzerine restoratif etkileri bulunmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım ise, günümüzde ki yapılı çevrede doğal bir yaşam alanı yaratarak, insanların sağlık ve refah düzeylerini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sanayi devriminden sonra artan kurumsal şirketlerin mekân ihtiyacına cevap vermek için ofis mekanları ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde, insanların günlük rutininin önemli bir bölümünü çalışma hayatı oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla insanlar zamanlarının büyük bir bölümünü kapalı ofis ortamlarında geçirmektedirler. Bu nedenle ofis tasarımları önem taşımaktadır. Sağlık, insanların sadece fiziksel olarak değil zihinsel olarak da kendilerini iyi hissetme hali olarak tanımlanır. Sağlık üretkenliği etkilemektedir, bu sebeple çalışma ortamları tasarımları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sağlıklı çalışma ortamları doğa ile iç içe tasarlanan, sürdürülebilir malzemelerin kullanıldığı, termal konforun sağlandığı, iyi hava kalitesine sahip, ergonomi standartları dikkate alınarak tasarlanmış mekanlar olarak tanımlanabilirler. Günümüzde, yapılı çevreler insanları doğadan koparan önemli bir etmendir. Biyofilik tasarım, doğal unsurların iç mekanlara entegre edilmesine katkıda bulunacak tasarım ilkeleri sunarak bu kopuşun önüne geçerek insanların hayat kalitesini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Biyofilik tasarımın ilkeleri; çevresel niteliklerin kullanılması, doğal formların kullanılması, doğal dokuların ve süreçlerin kullanılması, ışığın kullanılması, mekânsal ilişkilerin sağlanması ve insan doğa ilişkilerinin mekanlara yansıtılması şeklinde özetlenebilir. Biyofilik tasarım, mimaride yeni bir akım olmasına rağmen, insan sağlığı, ekoloji ve sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini de kapsamaktadır. Biyofilik tasarımın temel amacı, insanın doğa ile bağını sağlayarak doğal unsurları barındıran mekanlar dizayn etmektir. Biyofilik tasarım kriterleri çerçevesinde tasarlanmış ofis ortamları; çalışanlar üzerinde konsantrasyon artırıcı, stres düşürücü etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca doğal unsurlar ve materyaller kullanıldığı için iç mekân çevre kalitesini de artırmaktadır. Biyofilik tasarım ilkeleri doğrultusunda tasarlanmış ofis ortamları, çalışanların sağlıklarını ve yaratıcılıklarını pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Buna bağlı olarak, çalışanların üretkenlikleri ve çalışma hayatı kaliteleri artmaktadır. Çalışmada, öncelikle biyofili ve biyofilik tasarım unsurları, literatür çalışması ışığında açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra biyofilik ofis tasarımı unsurlarına göre Amazon Seattle Ana Merkezi değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak da biyofilik tasarım unsurlarının ofis tasarımlarına ve çalışma alanlarına entegre edilmesini sağlayan öneriler sunulmuştu","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132168288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TiO2 is one of the most common materials for photocatalytic applications due to its stability, affordability, and photoactive efficiency. However, it has some drawbacks, such as limited solar radiation response and quick recombination of excitons. Using graphene could be one of the methods to enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. This study intends to optimize the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/Graphene (TiO2/G) nanocomposite by using neuro-regression analysis. In the analysis, the effect of some hydrothermal synthesis parameters, namely, amount of graphene oxide, ethanol/water ratio, and hydrothermal reaction time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/G nanocomposite, have been investigated. The parameters were determined from a literature study focused on overcoming the drawbacks of TiO2 by combining it with graphene oxide. Nelder-Mead, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution, and Random Search algorithms are used to obtain the optimum synthesis parameters for maximum photocatalytic activity in the optimization process. The results are indicated that all algorithms give the realizable value for design variables and photodegradation rate.
{"title":"Stochastic Optimization of TiO2-Graphene Nanocomposite by Using Neuro-Regression Approach for Maximum Photocatalytic Degradation Rate","authors":"Kemal Aydin, L. Aydın, Fethullah Güneş","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.044","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 is one of the most common materials for photocatalytic applications due to its stability, affordability, and photoactive efficiency. However, it has some drawbacks, such as limited solar radiation response and quick recombination of excitons. Using graphene could be one of the methods to enhance the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. This study intends to optimize the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/Graphene (TiO2/G) nanocomposite by using neuro-regression analysis. In the analysis, the effect of some hydrothermal synthesis parameters, namely, amount of graphene oxide, ethanol/water ratio, and hydrothermal reaction time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/G nanocomposite, have been investigated. The parameters were determined from a literature study focused on overcoming the drawbacks of TiO2 by combining it with graphene oxide. Nelder-Mead, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution, and Random Search algorithms are used to obtain the optimum synthesis parameters for maximum photocatalytic activity in the optimization process. The results are indicated that all algorithms give the realizable value for design variables and photodegradation rate.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114884641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Rwanda, livestock plays an integral part in the national economy. It contributes to improve the socio-economic status and wellbeing of Rwandans, fight malnutrition, and promote food and nutrition security. Over the past 2 decades, the government of Rwanda, in collaboration with different actors and stakeholders, has put in place strategic and implementation plans to strengthen livestock production in Rwanda. Although a remarkable step has been made in increasing animal productivity, there are still a lot of constraints and challenges in this sector. The scarcity of animal feeds is one of the main challenges that impair the development of the animal sector in Rwanda. In this review, the current status of the feed sector, future goals, and strategies to tackle and sustain animal feed resources in Rwanda are highly discussed. To the end of this article, some recommendations are made to the farmers, feed manufacturers and the government. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for feed production in Rwanda should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.
{"title":"Current Situation, Future Goals, and Strategies of the Feed Sector in Rwanda","authors":"Eric Niyonshuti","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"In Rwanda, livestock plays an integral part in the national economy. It contributes to improve the socio-economic status and wellbeing of Rwandans, fight malnutrition, and promote food and nutrition security. Over the past 2 decades, the government of Rwanda, in collaboration with different actors and stakeholders, has put in place strategic and implementation plans to strengthen livestock production in Rwanda. Although a remarkable step has been made in increasing animal productivity, there are still a lot of constraints and challenges in this sector. The scarcity of animal feeds is one of the main challenges that impair the development of the animal sector in Rwanda. In this review, the current status of the feed sector, future goals, and strategies to tackle and sustain animal feed resources in Rwanda are highly discussed. To the end of this article, some recommendations are made to the farmers, feed manufacturers and the government. Considering the available data, investment opportunities for feed production in Rwanda should be evaluated. In addition, there are significant shortcomings in the field of food safety and the provision. The development of the needs in this sector includes entrepreneurship opportunities.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127212480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corona epidemic spreads frighteningly and rapidly in all countries of the world, forcing humanity to an abnormal life. Failure to fully control the epidemic and to find adequate and effective vaccines endangers human life. Fighting against the epidemic becomes important, as all these measures could not be taken in the near future. For this reason, it is important to detect whether the person caught the virus expressed in thousands of people is covid or not and to take the necessary measures. For this purpose, an artificial intelligence-based study has been proposed that will speed up the diagnosis of the pandemic by saving labor and expense. In the study, X-Ray images were processed with the most up-to-date deep image processing techniques, and an objective decision support system was created, independent of the doctor's expertise. The proposed system can classify x-ray images as Normal, Covid -19 and Viral Pneumonia using pre-trained deep learning networks (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet8 and ResNet50). The overall accuracies of the networks (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet8 and ResNet50) were 95.7%, 94.5%, 95.4%, 97.4% respectively. It is easy to diagnose in the advanced stages of the disease. As with most diseases, early diagnosis is important in covid-19. With the proposed system based on deep learning, an especially useful tool has been created in combating the pandemic by determining the disease at an early stage. The proposed system can also be used in areas with shortage of health personnel such as rural and remote areas.
{"title":"Detection of Covid 19 from the Lungs X-ray Images by Using the Deep Learning Techniques","authors":"Muhammed Üsame Abdullah, A. Alkan, H. Omaish","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.028","url":null,"abstract":"The corona epidemic spreads frighteningly and rapidly in all countries of the world, forcing humanity to an abnormal life. Failure to fully control the epidemic and to find adequate and effective vaccines endangers human life. Fighting against the epidemic becomes important, as all these measures could not be taken in the near future. For this reason, it is important to detect whether the person caught the virus expressed in thousands of people is covid or not and to take the necessary measures. For this purpose, an artificial intelligence-based study has been proposed that will speed up the diagnosis of the pandemic by saving labor and expense. In the study, X-Ray images were processed with the most up-to-date deep image processing techniques, and an objective decision support system was created, independent of the doctor's expertise. The proposed system can classify x-ray images as Normal, Covid -19 and Viral Pneumonia using pre-trained deep learning networks (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet8 and ResNet50). The overall accuracies of the networks (AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet8 and ResNet50) were 95.7%, 94.5%, 95.4%, 97.4% respectively. It is easy to diagnose in the advanced stages of the disease. As with most diseases, early diagnosis is important in covid-19. With the proposed system based on deep learning, an especially useful tool has been created in combating the pandemic by determining the disease at an early stage. The proposed system can also be used in areas with shortage of health personnel such as rural and remote areas.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126860501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) plays a central role as fruit crop among the horticultural fruits in Mali. Mali is among the largest mango producers in West Africa and among the fastest growing mango exporters in the world. The volume of mangoes produced is estimated at 575000 tons per year. Mango production is an important socio-economic activity in Mali, providing employment in rural areas and income through exportation. The study focused on marketing channels of mango famers in Mali. The secondary data were used to investigate marketing channels of mango in Mali. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the socio-economic characteristics of mango farmers in Mali were explained. In the second part, information about the development of Mango production and trade in Mali was given. In the third part, marketing channels of Mango farmers were examined. In general, it is difficult to say that Mango marketing channels operate effectively in Mali. The ineffectiveness of marketing channels occurs mostly at the local market level. It is important to strengthen the marketing infrastructure for Mango's marketing channels in Mali to be more effective. The government of Mali needs to implement a special incentive program, especially for wholesalers, who play an important role in increasing post-harvest losses. There is a need for financial support and training of wholesalers during the transportation, storage and processing of fresh mango. It is also important to extend these supports for mango producers.
{"title":"Marketing Channels of Mango Farmers in Mali","authors":"M. Koita, H. Adanacıoğlu","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.008","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica Linn) plays a central role as fruit crop among the horticultural fruits in Mali. Mali is among the largest mango producers in West Africa and among the fastest growing mango exporters in the world. The volume of mangoes produced is estimated at 575000 tons per year. Mango production is an important socio-economic activity in Mali, providing employment in rural areas and income through exportation. The study focused on marketing channels of mango famers in Mali. The secondary data were used to investigate marketing channels of mango in Mali. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the socio-economic characteristics of mango farmers in Mali were explained. In the second part, information about the development of Mango production and trade in Mali was given. In the third part, marketing channels of Mango farmers were examined. In general, it is difficult to say that Mango marketing channels operate effectively in Mali. The ineffectiveness of marketing channels occurs mostly at the local market level. It is important to strengthen the marketing infrastructure for Mango's marketing channels in Mali to be more effective. The government of Mali needs to implement a special incentive program, especially for wholesalers, who play an important role in increasing post-harvest losses. There is a need for financial support and training of wholesalers during the transportation, storage and processing of fresh mango. It is also important to extend these supports for mango producers.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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