Covid-19, beta-koronavirüs ailesi içerisinde yer alan, insanlarda basit bir soğuk algınlığından ağır akut solunum hastalıklarına kadar ilerleyebilen bir hastalıktır. Tansiyon, diyabet gibi kronik hastalıklarda ve 60 yaş üzerindeki insanlarda öldürücü etkisi daha fazladır. Bu nedenle tanının ve tedavinin acil olarak yapılması önem taşır. Covid-19 tanısında aktif olarak PCR (PolymeraseChainReaction) testi kullanılmaktadır. Covid-19 tanısı için bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), ultrason görüntüleme, laboratuvar testleri gibi birçok yöntem kullanılabilir. Bunun yanı sıra hekimler şüpheli hastanın BT görüntülerini tanıya yardımcı olması amacıyla kullanmaktadır. BT görüntüleri hızlı elde edilebilir ve Covid-19 hastalığının akciğerlerde yarattığı enfeksiyon BT ile görülebilir. BT bilgisayar destekli uygulamalarda sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bilgisayar destekli uygulamalar hekimlere tanı ve tedavide destek veren sistemlerdir. Geliştirilen bu uygulamaların insan yanılgısından uzak, objektif olması tanıdaki güvenilirliği arttırır ve hata oranını ciddi oranlarda düşürür. Derin öğrenme, sistemin otomatik olarak öğrendiği ve sınıflandırma için gerekli olan özellikleri çok sayıda girdi verisi katmanının işlenmesinden keşfettiği temsili öğrenmeye dayanan bir makine öğrenme tekniğidir. Derin öğrenme birçok bilgisayar destekli biyomedikal yazılımda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, BT verileri kullanılarak Covid-19 hastalığını derin öğrenme teknikleri ile tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Veri seti 118 Covid-19 tanılı hasta ve 100 sağlıklı bireyden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, 751 adet Covid-19 tanılı hastaya ve 628 sağlıklı bireye ait BT görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen toplam 1379 BT verisi %70 eğitim ve %30 test verisi olarak bölünmüştür. Bu veriler AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG-16, VGG-19 gibi derin öğrenme modelleri ve önerilen derin öğrenme modeli kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Önerilen model dışında kullanılan ağlar ImageNet verisi ile eğitilmiştir. Eğitilen bu ağlar kullanılırken, önceden eğitilmiş ağırlıklarla başlanmış daha sonra kendi eğitim verimiz ile tüm ağ eğitilmiş ve ağırlıklar güncellenmiştir. Önerilen modelde veriler 100x100 boyutlarında ağlara girdi olarak verilmiştir. Önerilen modelde veriler 3 kanallı renkli görüntü olarak değil, 2 kanallı gri görüntüler olarak kullanılmıştır. 8 katmandan oluşan modelimizde, 256x256 boyutunda olan filtreler tam bağlantılı katman ve çıkış katmanı dışındaki tüm katmanlarda kullanılmıştır. Modelde 5 evrişim ve havuzlama katmanı, 1 tam bağlantılı katman bulunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak tam bağlantılı katmandan önce özellik haritalarının özellik vektörüne dönüşütürüldüğü ve daha sonra tam bağlantılı katmana bağlandığı bir katman bulunmaktadır. Daha sonra çıkış katmanı ile ağ sonlandırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda AlexNet ile %80,39, GoogleNet ile %93,90, VGG-16 ile %93,75 ve VGG-19 ile %88,38 sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde etmiştir. Önerilen ağ diğer ağ modellerine göre %95,64 doğruluk elde ederek daha yüksek sınıflandırma doğrulu
{"title":"Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Görüntülerini Kullanarak Covid-19 Hastalığının Derin Öğrenme Teknikleriyle Tespiti","authors":"Muhammed Alperen Horoz, Seda Arslan Tuncer","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.021","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19, beta-koronavirüs ailesi içerisinde yer alan, insanlarda basit bir soğuk algınlığından ağır akut solunum hastalıklarına kadar ilerleyebilen bir hastalıktır. Tansiyon, diyabet gibi kronik hastalıklarda ve 60 yaş üzerindeki insanlarda öldürücü etkisi daha fazladır. Bu nedenle tanının ve tedavinin acil olarak yapılması önem taşır. Covid-19 tanısında aktif olarak PCR (PolymeraseChainReaction) testi kullanılmaktadır. Covid-19 tanısı için bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), ultrason görüntüleme, laboratuvar testleri gibi birçok yöntem kullanılabilir. Bunun yanı sıra hekimler şüpheli hastanın BT görüntülerini tanıya yardımcı olması amacıyla kullanmaktadır. BT görüntüleri hızlı elde edilebilir ve Covid-19 hastalığının akciğerlerde yarattığı enfeksiyon BT ile görülebilir. BT bilgisayar destekli uygulamalarda sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bilgisayar destekli uygulamalar hekimlere tanı ve tedavide destek veren sistemlerdir. Geliştirilen bu uygulamaların insan yanılgısından uzak, objektif olması tanıdaki güvenilirliği arttırır ve hata oranını ciddi oranlarda düşürür. Derin öğrenme, sistemin otomatik olarak öğrendiği ve sınıflandırma için gerekli olan özellikleri çok sayıda girdi verisi katmanının işlenmesinden keşfettiği temsili öğrenmeye dayanan bir makine öğrenme tekniğidir. Derin öğrenme birçok bilgisayar destekli biyomedikal yazılımda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, BT verileri kullanılarak Covid-19 hastalığını derin öğrenme teknikleri ile tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Veri seti 118 Covid-19 tanılı hasta ve 100 sağlıklı bireyden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada, 751 adet Covid-19 tanılı hastaya ve 628 sağlıklı bireye ait BT görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen toplam 1379 BT verisi %70 eğitim ve %30 test verisi olarak bölünmüştür. Bu veriler AlexNet, GoogleNet, VGG-16, VGG-19 gibi derin öğrenme modelleri ve önerilen derin öğrenme modeli kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Önerilen model dışında kullanılan ağlar ImageNet verisi ile eğitilmiştir. Eğitilen bu ağlar kullanılırken, önceden eğitilmiş ağırlıklarla başlanmış daha sonra kendi eğitim verimiz ile tüm ağ eğitilmiş ve ağırlıklar güncellenmiştir. Önerilen modelde veriler 100x100 boyutlarında ağlara girdi olarak verilmiştir. Önerilen modelde veriler 3 kanallı renkli görüntü olarak değil, 2 kanallı gri görüntüler olarak kullanılmıştır. 8 katmandan oluşan modelimizde, 256x256 boyutunda olan filtreler tam bağlantılı katman ve çıkış katmanı dışındaki tüm katmanlarda kullanılmıştır. Modelde 5 evrişim ve havuzlama katmanı, 1 tam bağlantılı katman bulunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak tam bağlantılı katmandan önce özellik haritalarının özellik vektörüne dönüşütürüldüğü ve daha sonra tam bağlantılı katmana bağlandığı bir katman bulunmaktadır. Daha sonra çıkış katmanı ile ağ sonlandırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda AlexNet ile %80,39, GoogleNet ile %93,90, VGG-16 ile %93,75 ve VGG-19 ile %88,38 sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde etmiştir. Önerilen ağ diğer ağ modellerine göre %95,64 doğruluk elde ederek daha yüksek sınıflandırma doğrulu","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmet Buğra İbiş, Burak Şengöz, A. Topal, D. Özdemir
Porous asphalt pavement is defined as an asphalt concrete that is designed with open gradation aggregate which helps in removing the water with an air void content of about 20% by creating drainage channels. Open gradation consists of large amounts of coarse aggregates and small amounts of fine aggregates. The water is drained due to this hollow structure, this air void content in the porous asphalt mixture which inevitably decreases with time is the main parameter affecting the service life as well as the structural and functional performance. Moreover, the reduction in air void content is one of the main reasons for the loss of permeability in porous asphalt pavements and this lead to the increase in pavement density under heavy traffic conditions. Each country has its own technical asphalt specification involving the required compaction energy and temperature. This study involves the effect of compaction temperatures and numbers on the air void in porous asphalt pavements prepared with 50/70 penetration grade bitumen. As a result of experimental studies, it has been observed that the reduced compaction temperature and the number of compaction (energy) increase the air void level in porous asphalt pavements.
{"title":"The Effect of Compaction Temperatures and Numbers on the Air Void Level of Porous Asphalt Pavements","authors":"Ahmet Buğra İbiş, Burak Şengöz, A. Topal, D. Özdemir","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.014","url":null,"abstract":"Porous asphalt pavement is defined as an asphalt concrete that is designed with open gradation aggregate which helps in removing the water with an air void content of about 20% by creating drainage channels. Open gradation consists of large amounts of coarse aggregates and small amounts of fine aggregates. The water is drained due to this hollow structure, this air void content in the porous asphalt mixture which inevitably decreases with time is the main parameter affecting the service life as well as the structural and functional performance. Moreover, the reduction in air void content is one of the main reasons for the loss of permeability in porous asphalt pavements and this lead to the increase in pavement density under heavy traffic conditions. Each country has its own technical asphalt specification involving the required compaction energy and temperature. This study involves the effect of compaction temperatures and numbers on the air void in porous asphalt pavements prepared with 50/70 penetration grade bitumen. As a result of experimental studies, it has been observed that the reduced compaction temperature and the number of compaction (energy) increase the air void level in porous asphalt pavements.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116499832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to electricity still remains a distant dream in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In the energy sector, Somalia is one of the most underdeveloped in the region. Especially in rural areas, the rate of electrification is the lowest with the high cost of power, for electricity generation, Somalia depends on imported petroleum products, and cooking relies on biomass resources, and only a small fraction of the population has safe, reliable, and affordable energy services. Generally, the population in rural areas is composed of a high percentage of poor households and low population density. For this reason, there are not attractive economic benefits for electricity supply utilities or private investors to offer electricity services to these villages. So, this work presented technical and economic challenges for introducing solar-powered mini-grid and stand-alone solar system installations in Somalia's rural areas. Solar-powered mini-grid and stand-alone solar system have been considered for supplying an electrical load in a rural area.to design an off-grid system a well-known freeware HOMER modeling tool has been used. To supply electricity directly to the load solar energy is considered as the primary source and when excess generation happens a battery bank is considered for electrical storage. During the design of this power system the community's load has been suggested for lighting, fan, school, and health clinic equipment load, television, radio, and the simulation and optimization of the system were done based on the electrical load, sources of climatic data, the economics of the power components and other parameters. Finally, a solar-powered mini-grid is developed for a collection of communities and a standalone solar system for clustered buildings is also developed. For further research, the limitations, availability, and areas have also been identified.
{"title":"Rural Electrification with Solar Powered Mini-Grids and Stand-Alone Solar System Installations: Case of Somali","authors":"Abdiaziz Hussein Abdi, H. Zorlu","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.026","url":null,"abstract":"Access to electricity still remains a distant dream in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In the energy sector, Somalia is one of the most underdeveloped in the region. Especially in rural areas, the rate of electrification is the lowest with the high cost of power, for electricity generation, Somalia depends on imported petroleum products, and cooking relies on biomass resources, and only a small fraction of the population has safe, reliable, and affordable energy services. Generally, the population in rural areas is composed of a high percentage of poor households and low population density. For this reason, there are not attractive economic benefits for electricity supply utilities or private investors to offer electricity services to these villages. So, this work presented technical and economic challenges for introducing solar-powered mini-grid and stand-alone solar system installations in Somalia's rural areas. Solar-powered mini-grid and stand-alone solar system have been considered for supplying an electrical load in a rural area.to design an off-grid system a well-known freeware HOMER modeling tool has been used. To supply electricity directly to the load solar energy is considered as the primary source and when excess generation happens a battery bank is considered for electrical storage. During the design of this power system the community's load has been suggested for lighting, fan, school, and health clinic equipment load, television, radio, and the simulation and optimization of the system were done based on the electrical load, sources of climatic data, the economics of the power components and other parameters. Finally, a solar-powered mini-grid is developed for a collection of communities and a standalone solar system for clustered buildings is also developed. For further research, the limitations, availability, and areas have also been identified.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114586258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Eyhan, Gökçen Bombar, António Heleno Cardoso
Bu çalışmada, akarsu kavşaklarında taban kotlarının eşitsizliği durumunda akım derinlikleri deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Deneyler, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü Hidrolik Laboratuvarı’nda, mevcut dikdörtgen kesitli 2 m genişliğindeki ana kanal ve birbiri ile 90°’lik açı ile bağlanan, her birinin genişliği 1 m olan 2 yan koldan oluşan akarsu kavşağı deney düzeneği üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yan kolların taban kotları ana kanal taban kotundan 12 cm yüksekte bulunmaktadır. Deneylerde genişlikler ve kavşak açısı sabit tutulup, mansap derinliği ve yan kollardan gelen debiler değiştirilerek, farklı koşullar altında, akım derinlikleri kanal ekseninde akım yönünde 50 cm aralıklar ile, yan kollarda ise 25 cm aralıklar ile ölçülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak su yüzeyi profilleri oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan tüm çalışmalarda akım nehir rejimindedir. Yapılan deneylerde her iki yan koldaki debi 20 l/s, toplam debi 40 l/s ve buna bağlı olarak belirlenen mansap derinlikleri 8,15- 15,35- 18,30 cm’dir. Bu mansap yüksekliklerine bağlı olarak kavşak birleşiminde okunan yükseklik değerleri sırasıyla 8,90 – 15,90 – 18,50 cm’dir. Bu veriler ışığında simetrik akarsu kavşaklarının rehabilitasyonu, bu kavşakların etrafına inşa edilecek olan su yapılarının tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesi adına tasarım esaslarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile ana kanal ve yan kol debileri arasındaki oranın akım derinliklerine etkisi mevcut literatür ışığında incelenmiştir.
{"title":"Eşit Debili Akarsu Kavşağında Taban Kotu Eşitsizliği Durumunda Mansap Akım Derinliğinin Su Yüzeyi Profiline Etkisi","authors":"Mustafa Eyhan, Gökçen Bombar, António Heleno Cardoso","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.019","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada, akarsu kavşaklarında taban kotlarının eşitsizliği durumunda akım derinlikleri deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Deneyler, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü Hidrolik Laboratuvarı’nda, mevcut dikdörtgen kesitli 2 m genişliğindeki ana kanal ve birbiri ile 90°’lik açı ile bağlanan, her birinin genişliği 1 m olan 2 yan koldan oluşan akarsu kavşağı deney düzeneği üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yan kolların taban kotları ana kanal taban kotundan 12 cm yüksekte bulunmaktadır. Deneylerde genişlikler ve kavşak açısı sabit tutulup, mansap derinliği ve yan kollardan gelen debiler değiştirilerek, farklı koşullar altında, akım derinlikleri kanal ekseninde akım yönünde 50 cm aralıklar ile, yan kollarda ise 25 cm aralıklar ile ölçülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak su yüzeyi profilleri oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan tüm çalışmalarda akım nehir rejimindedir. Yapılan deneylerde her iki yan koldaki debi 20 l/s, toplam debi 40 l/s ve buna bağlı olarak belirlenen mansap derinlikleri 8,15- 15,35- 18,30 cm’dir. Bu mansap yüksekliklerine bağlı olarak kavşak birleşiminde okunan yükseklik değerleri sırasıyla 8,90 – 15,90 – 18,50 cm’dir. Bu veriler ışığında simetrik akarsu kavşaklarının rehabilitasyonu, bu kavşakların etrafına inşa edilecek olan su yapılarının tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesi adına tasarım esaslarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma ile ana kanal ve yan kol debileri arasındaki oranın akım derinliklerine etkisi mevcut literatür ışığında incelenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122653248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Abibu, A. Sakariyau, G. Bamigbade, Amos Kolawole Oyebisi, I. Ogunsola
Covid-19 pandemic is a global health issue that adversely affected every sector of the world’s economy. Fruits are known to be a source of vitamins providing the body with necessary defense against infections (inclusive of Coronaviruses). Nigerians prefer to buy ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits than whole fruits due to their high prices. Consumer perception of RTE fruits sold in Ogun and Lagos, Nigeria during the Covid-19 pandemic months in 2020 and within January and March 2021 via an online survey were compared. Ogun and Lagos states were selected because they represent major entry routes for land and air travel into Nigeria respectively. 500 respondents were obtained with 49.7% each as male and female respectively in Ogun state while Lagos had 49.5% and 50.5% of the male and female gender. In addition, the predominant age group that responded to the questionnaire falls within 21 – 30 with 49.7% in Ogun state and 54.1% in Lagos state. 96.1% of the respondents in Ogun state had a tertiary education while 99% was recorded to possess tertiary education in Lagos state. 34% respondents took RTE fruits 2- 3 times a week, 31.2% less than once a week while only 2.8% took RTE fruits 4 – 5 times a week. From the survey, 84% of the respondents were aware that fruits possess needed vitamins to fight infections while only 87.4% of the respondent were aware of fruit borne poisoning and have knowledge of fruit borne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellaspp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Penicilliumspp, Aspergillusnigerand Rhizopusstolonifer. This study shows that fruit consumers neglected health consciousness in the purchase of RTE fruits in Ogun and Lagos in the first 3 months of 2021 compared to 2020. This negligence may result in a spike of another Covid-19 wave in Ogun and Lagos if the necessary food and health regulatory authorities fail to act timely. Also, the application of an effective hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) application reduces the chance of contamination of ready- to- eat fruits.
{"title":"Consumer Perception of Ready-To-Eat Fruits Sold in Ogun and Lagos, Nigeria During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"W. Abibu, A. Sakariyau, G. Bamigbade, Amos Kolawole Oyebisi, I. Ogunsola","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 pandemic is a global health issue that adversely affected every sector of the world’s economy. Fruits are known to be a source of vitamins providing the body with necessary defense against infections (inclusive of Coronaviruses). Nigerians prefer to buy ready-to-eat (RTE) fruits than whole fruits due to their high prices. Consumer perception of RTE fruits sold in Ogun and Lagos, Nigeria during the Covid-19 pandemic months in 2020 and within January and March 2021 via an online survey were compared. Ogun and Lagos states were selected because they represent major entry routes for land and air travel into Nigeria respectively. 500 respondents were obtained with 49.7% each as male and female respectively in Ogun state while Lagos had 49.5% and 50.5% of the male and female gender. In addition, the predominant age group that responded to the questionnaire falls within 21 – 30 with 49.7% in Ogun state and 54.1% in Lagos state. 96.1% of the respondents in Ogun state had a tertiary education while 99% was recorded to possess tertiary education in Lagos state. 34% respondents took RTE fruits 2- 3 times a week, 31.2% less than once a week while only 2.8% took RTE fruits 4 – 5 times a week. From the survey, 84% of the respondents were aware that fruits possess needed vitamins to fight infections while only 87.4% of the respondent were aware of fruit borne poisoning and have knowledge of fruit borne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellaspp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Penicilliumspp, Aspergillusnigerand Rhizopusstolonifer. This study shows that fruit consumers neglected health consciousness in the purchase of RTE fruits in Ogun and Lagos in the first 3 months of 2021 compared to 2020. This negligence may result in a spike of another Covid-19 wave in Ogun and Lagos if the necessary food and health regulatory authorities fail to act timely. Also, the application of an effective hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) application reduces the chance of contamination of ready- to- eat fruits.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129386121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.
{"title":"Assessment of the Last Decades Studies and Developments in Broilers Nutrition","authors":"Eric Niyonshuti, F. Kırkpınar","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.003","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122302988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışma işsizlik sonucu bir bireyin ruhsal rahtsızlıklar sonucunda ruhsal hastalık geçirip geçirmemesi üzerine yapılan bir veri bilimi çalışmasıdır. Bir bireyin geliri, işsiz kalma süreci, yaşı gibi sistemi etkileyen faktörler hastalığı etkilemektedir. Burada veriden bilgiye ulaşırken önce tutarsız, gürültülü ve gereksiz verilerden veri seti arındırılarak veriden bilgiye ulaşılırken Crisp-dm veri bilimi yöntemi adımları izlenerek makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından Karar Ağacı kullanıldı. Açık kaynak kodlu Knime platformu üzerinde çalışılmıştır.
{"title":"Knime ile CRISP-DM Veri Bilimi Yöntemi Uygulaması","authors":"H. Çelik, Ahmet Çınar","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.024","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışma işsizlik sonucu bir bireyin ruhsal rahtsızlıklar sonucunda ruhsal hastalık geçirip geçirmemesi üzerine yapılan bir veri bilimi çalışmasıdır. Bir bireyin geliri, işsiz kalma süreci, yaşı gibi sistemi etkileyen faktörler hastalığı etkilemektedir. Burada veriden bilgiye ulaşırken önce tutarsız, gürültülü ve gereksiz verilerden veri seti arındırılarak veriden bilgiye ulaşılırken Crisp-dm veri bilimi yöntemi adımları izlenerek makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından Karar Ağacı kullanıldı. Açık kaynak kodlu Knime platformu üzerinde çalışılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130805597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Algeria has a rich urban and architectural heritage, which presents regional specificities. Once the ksour was a symbol of balance and perfect harmony with its environment, unfortunately today they no longer reflect their former function. The Ksourian architecture, including that of Laghouat is a prestigious heritage of high value; it is the testimony of genius knowledge and the capacity of their occupants to adapt to the difficult environment. The housing is considered the essential core of this architecture it represents the entire composition of the ksar, its design is inspired by the immediate environment and respects ancestral social values. It is characterized by a simple architecture and simple construction techniques which are based on the construction in load-bearing walls, the construction materials used are local materials of great resistance and less expensive. This study addresses the theme revaluation of heritage, particularly our case study ksar El-Haouita which has experienced a neglecting and depopulation due to several factors. The ksar El-Haouita is among the most famous ksour located in the south of Algeria and exactly in the region of Laghouat. It is built with simple materials and techniques of construction. The construction materials used are local materials like stones and lime found in the environmental surroundings of the ksar. The aim of this study is to identify the major causes of the degradation of ksar, also to preserve ksar El-Haouita through specific operations and to improve the tourist attractiveness of ksar El-Haouita in order to promote heritage, to convert it back into sustainable Saharan tourism. Our study based in the first place; on a theoretical underpinning which contains the notions that have a relation with our theme, the problematic and the envisaged objective, then a presentation of ksar followed by a morphological analysis accompanied by identification of the problems to identify the phenomena of damage and its disfigurement. The last step is to treat an aspect for the development of ksar, this aspect is devoted to the restitution of the defensive system (doors, ramparts, ramparts of houses and towers) of the ksar, through a diagnostic and several operations like (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The aim result of this study is to show that the revaluation of the ksar is a very vast operation and proposes interventions that allow the preservation of the ksar and also to understand the elements that help the success of interventions and to put some of the parameters considered as reference elements and basic principles for the operations on the ksar and among these operations it is (the case study, which is the restitution of the defensive system of ksar El-Haouita).
{"title":"Revaluation of Ksar El-Haouita in Laghouat, Algeria","authors":"Fatiha Imane Mahcar, Belkacem Takhi","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.001","url":null,"abstract":"Algeria has a rich urban and architectural heritage, which presents regional specificities. Once the ksour was a symbol of balance and perfect harmony with its environment, unfortunately today they no longer reflect their former function. The Ksourian architecture, including that of Laghouat is a prestigious heritage of high value; it is the testimony of genius knowledge and the capacity of their occupants to adapt to the difficult environment. The housing is considered the essential core of this architecture it represents the entire composition of the ksar, its design is inspired by the immediate environment and respects ancestral social values. It is characterized by a simple architecture and simple construction techniques which are based on the construction in load-bearing walls, the construction materials used are local materials of great resistance and less expensive. This study addresses the theme revaluation of heritage, particularly our case study ksar El-Haouita which has experienced a neglecting and depopulation due to several factors. The ksar El-Haouita is among the most famous ksour located in the south of Algeria and exactly in the region of Laghouat. It is built with simple materials and techniques of construction. The construction materials used are local materials like stones and lime found in the environmental surroundings of the ksar. The aim of this study is to identify the major causes of the degradation of ksar, also to preserve ksar El-Haouita through specific operations and to improve the tourist attractiveness of ksar El-Haouita in order to promote heritage, to convert it back into sustainable Saharan tourism. Our study based in the first place; on a theoretical underpinning which contains the notions that have a relation with our theme, the problematic and the envisaged objective, then a presentation of ksar followed by a morphological analysis accompanied by identification of the problems to identify the phenomena of damage and its disfigurement. The last step is to treat an aspect for the development of ksar, this aspect is devoted to the restitution of the defensive system (doors, ramparts, ramparts of houses and towers) of the ksar, through a diagnostic and several operations like (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The aim result of this study is to show that the revaluation of the ksar is a very vast operation and proposes interventions that allow the preservation of the ksar and also to understand the elements that help the success of interventions and to put some of the parameters considered as reference elements and basic principles for the operations on the ksar and among these operations it is (the case study, which is the restitution of the defensive system of ksar El-Haouita).","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"437 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124252557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suspension linkages are one of the fundamental structural elements in each vehicle since they connect the wheel carriers i.e. axles to the body of the vehicle. Moreover, the characteristics of suspension linkages within a suspension system can directly affect driving safety, comfort and economics. Beyond these, all these design criteria are bounded to the package space of the vehicle. In last decades, suspension linkages have been focused on in terms of design development and cost reduction. In this study, a control arm of a diesel public bus was taken into account in order to get the most cost-effective design while improving the strength within specified boundary conditions. Due to the change of the supplier, the control arm of a rigid axle was redesigned to find an economical and more durable solution. The new design was analyzed first by the finite element analysis software Ansys and the finite element model of the control arm was validated by physical tensile tests. The outputs of the study demonstrate that the new design geometry reduces the maximum Von Mises stress 15% while being within the elastic region of the material in use and having found an economical solution in terms of supplier’s criteria.
{"title":"An Improved Control Arm Design for a Commercial Vehicle","authors":"S. Yıldırım, Ufuk Çoban, M. Çevik","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.036","url":null,"abstract":"Suspension linkages are one of the fundamental structural elements in each vehicle since they connect the wheel carriers i.e. axles to the body of the vehicle. Moreover, the characteristics of suspension linkages within a suspension system can directly affect driving safety, comfort and economics. Beyond these, all these design criteria are bounded to the package space of the vehicle. In last decades, suspension linkages have been focused on in terms of design development and cost reduction. In this study, a control arm of a diesel public bus was taken into account in order to get the most cost-effective design while improving the strength within specified boundary conditions. Due to the change of the supplier, the control arm of a rigid axle was redesigned to find an economical and more durable solution. The new design was analyzed first by the finite element analysis software Ansys and the finite element model of the control arm was validated by physical tensile tests. The outputs of the study demonstrate that the new design geometry reduces the maximum Von Mises stress 15% while being within the elastic region of the material in use and having found an economical solution in terms of supplier’s criteria.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124481110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roukaya Ghorbel, J. Chakchak, H. B. Malayoglu, N. Cetin
It is estimated that the global population will reach approximately 10 billion people by 2050 and 66% of the world population will live in urban areas. This growth in cities creates demand for fresh products to maintain a healthy population, a product that often exposed to a long journey to reach the consumer, not only losing quality and nutritive value in the process, but also requiring a significant cost of fossil fuel for transportation and storage. However, the world’s agricultural land among being limited, is also facing major problems such as pollution, salinization and drought that do not favor crop production. The need for food security has paved the way for landless agriculture, becoming more popular in the urban area and becoming a part of urban farming. This article aims to examine hydroponic technologies to help expand the knowledge of their application in terms of science, origin, dynamics and farming systems. Among the benefits of soilless cultures; reservation of cultivated land for main crops; saving at least 90% of irrigation water; use of almost constant amount of recycled water; successfully growing almost every vegetable crops and having highest productivity compared to conventional agriculture. Therefore, it is an indispensable solution in areas where arable land is not available or in saline-prone areas, in short, wherever there is competition for land and water. The purpose of this study is an overview of soilless farming systems, explaining the most widely used hydroponic system, the importance of water quality, nutrient content, grown crops and ultimately cost benefit in terms of economics.
{"title":"Hydroponics “Soilless Farming”: The Future of Food and Agriculture – A Review","authors":"Roukaya Ghorbel, J. Chakchak, H. B. Malayoglu, N. Cetin","doi":"10.52460/issc.2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the global population will reach approximately 10 billion people by 2050 and 66% of the world population will live in urban areas. This growth in cities creates demand for fresh products to maintain a healthy population, a product that often exposed to a long journey to reach the consumer, not only losing quality and nutritive value in the process, but also requiring a significant cost of fossil fuel for transportation and storage. However, the world’s agricultural land among being limited, is also facing major problems such as pollution, salinization and drought that do not favor crop production. The need for food security has paved the way for landless agriculture, becoming more popular in the urban area and becoming a part of urban farming. This article aims to examine hydroponic technologies to help expand the knowledge of their application in terms of science, origin, dynamics and farming systems. Among the benefits of soilless cultures; reservation of cultivated land for main crops; saving at least 90% of irrigation water; use of almost constant amount of recycled water; successfully growing almost every vegetable crops and having highest productivity compared to conventional agriculture. Therefore, it is an indispensable solution in areas where arable land is not available or in saline-prone areas, in short, wherever there is competition for land and water. The purpose of this study is an overview of soilless farming systems, explaining the most widely used hydroponic system, the importance of water quality, nutrient content, grown crops and ultimately cost benefit in terms of economics.","PeriodicalId":136262,"journal":{"name":"5th International Students Science Congress","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128041897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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