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Modelling decisions and density dependence in monarch butterflies: A comment on Meehan and Crossley (2023) 帝王斑蝶的决策和密度依赖性建模:对 Meehan 和 Crossley(2023 年)的评论
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12763
Elizabeth E. Crone, Atticus W. Murphy, Cheryl B. Schultz

决定将哪些过程纳入种群模型会对种群趋势和灭绝风险的估计产生重大影响。这一点对受保护物种尤为重要,因为这些物种的保护状况部分是根据这些模型决定的。Meehan 和 Crossley(2023 年)在他们最近的论文《昆虫保护与多样性》(Insect Conservation and Diversity)16, 566-573 中重新审视了越冬帝王斑蝶数量的时间序列,之前的评估将其描述为快速下降并面临灭绝风险。与此相反,作者报告说,过去 10 年中没有证据表明其数量在下降,灭绝风险很低。得出这些不同结论的一个主要原因是,米汉和克罗斯利使用了一个更复杂的模型,其中包括一个密度依赖性参数。虽然负密度依赖性可能在帝王斑种群调控中发挥作用,但如何以及是否应将密度依赖性纳入帝王斑种群模型中,还存在各种尚未解决的问题,包括众所周知的在噪声时间序列中将观测误差与密度依赖性分离的问题,以及将模型拟合到每第四代调查一次并在大陆范围内汇集的数据的分类群特定问题。这些问题使得 Meehan 和 Crossley 关于帝王斑种群生存能力的结论没有他们文章中暗示的那么可靠。他们没有提供令人信服的证据证明密度依赖性降低了帝王斑蝶灭绝的风险。我们的评论支持他们的一般结论,即种群生存能力预测取决于模型假设,但帝王斑蝶种群的调节方式仍是一个未决问题。
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引用次数: 0
An integrative framework for dark taxa biodiversity assessment at scale: A case study using Megaselia (Diptera, Phoridae) 暗分类群生物多样性规模评估综合框架:以Megaselia(双翅目,萤火虫科)为例进行研究
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12762
Valerio Caruso, Emily Hartop, Caroline Chimeno, Sajad Noori, Amrita Srivathsan, Michael Haas, Leshon Lee, Rudolf Meier, Daniel Whitmore

物种灭绝现象在全球范围内不断增加;因此,快速盘点地球上的生物多样性变得越来越重要。由于昆虫在动物群中所占的比例最高,并发挥着关键的生态作用,因此迫切需要研究昆虫的生物多样性并加速物种发现,尤其是那些未被充分研究的昆虫类群,也被称为 "黑暗类群"。萤火虫科(双翅目)是 "黑暗类群 "的一个很好的例子,特别是 Megaselia Rondani 属。由于仅用形态学方法可能不够精确且速度较慢,而仅用分子学方法往往又不够充分且容易出错,因此使用综合方法是描述超多样化黑暗类群的最佳方法。在此,我们采用大规模综合分类法(LIT),根据DNA条形码将9000种巨细胞藻分类为277个推定物种。每个聚类都通过了聚类与形态学不一致指数(最大 p-距离、稳定性指数)的预测评估,并对一部分标本进行了形态学检查。我们利用 Chao1 进行了物种估计,结果表明我们数据集的物种丰富度增加了 15%。由于这一估计主要基于德国南部的样本,因此随着地理取样范围的扩大,物种数量可能会增加。尽管德国的昆虫动物群是欧洲最著名的昆虫动物群之一,而且对噬虫目昆虫的研究已有一百多年的历史,但这是对该分类群研究的一大进步。
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引用次数: 0
Extensive mismatch between protected areas and biodiversity hotspots of Iranian Lepidoptera 伊朗鳞翅目昆虫保护区与生物多样性热点之间的广泛错配
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12760
Sajad Noori, Dennis Rödder, Mahmood Soofi, Oliver Hawlitschek, Martin Husemann, Hossein Rajaei

在昆虫多样性迅速减少的时代,保护区在保护当前昆虫多样性方面的作用比以往任何时候都更加重要。先前的研究表明,伊朗物种丰富的地区属于两个全球生物多样性热点地区(GBHs):北部的伊万-安纳托利亚热点地区和西部的高加索热点地区。然而,对于不同的脊椎动物类群而言,物种多样性地区与保护区之间存在着巨大的保护差距。此外,在以往的保护评估中,物种极为丰富的昆虫类群也被忽视。在这项研究中,我们利用鳞翅目九个科 1974 种昆虫的最全面的出现数据集,划定了具有显著统计学意义的高多样性区域,作为该类昆虫的多样性热点。此外,我们还确定了具有较高保护优先级的区域。最后,我们采用差距分析法评估保护区网络与物种多样性最高区域之间的不匹配程度。大多数鳞翅目物种多样性地区都位于 GBHs 范围内,尤其是伊朗-安纳托利亚热点地区。总体而言,我们的差距分析结果表明,目前已建立的保护区中只有不到四分之一的保护区覆盖了优先保护区域,这表明保护区网络在保护鳞翅目更优先区域方面存在严重不足。除了人类足迹的压力之外,伊朗保护区的错位也会降低已建保护区保护当前生物多样性的效果。因此,加强现有的保护区网络和设计新的保护区,同时考虑到昆虫等超大型多样性分类群,对于实施有效的保护措施至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Flowering areas enhance insect pollinators and biological control agents in wheat intensive agro-ecosystems 花区可提高小麦集约农业生态系统中昆虫授粉者和生物控制剂的能力
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12757
Serena Magagnoli, Sara Bosi, Lorenzo Negri, Giovanni Dinelli, Giovanni Burgio, Antonio Masetti

这项为期 4 年(2018-2021 年)的研究旨在调查在软质小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)田边插入开花区与自发田边相比所产生的影响。该行动是百味来食品公司推动的多学科行动的一部分,旨在促进软质小麦的可持续生产。具体目标是研究开花区域对以下方面的影响:(i) 昆虫授粉者(包括野蜂、蚜虫和蝴蝶)的数量和物种丰富度;(ii) 小麦蚜虫和虫害的程度;(iii) 生物防治蚜虫媒介(茧蜂和寄生蚜虫木乃伊)的组合。对所有农场的昆虫授粉者进行了采样,而对 20 个农场的子样本进行了小麦蚜虫、小麦蚜虫和蚜虫生物控制剂的调查。开花区域显著提高了传粉昆虫和茧蜂的数量。蚜虫木乃伊显示了策略与距离之间的交互作用,靠近开花区的小麦地块在 5 米处有更多的木乃伊,而靠近自发田边(对照)的地块在 50 米处有更多的木乃伊。然而,这种生态基础设施的成功建立取决于几个因素,其中包括选择合适的开花植物物种和实施适当的管理措施。
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引用次数: 0
Floral richness drives pollinator diversity after fire in upland forests and meadows of the Sierra Nevada, California 加利福尼亚州内华达山脉高地森林和草甸火灾后花卉的丰富性推动了传粉昆虫的多样性
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12756
Gina L. Tarbill, Angela M. White, Rahel Sollmann

在美国西部的干燥森林中,授粉昆虫提供了重要的生态系统服务,它们依赖于频繁的中低强度火灾所创造或维持的开阔栖息地。我们在加利福尼亚内华达山脉的局部(即地块尺度)和区域(燃烧严重程度等级)空间尺度上研究了燃烧严重程度对高地森林和草甸栖息地授粉昆虫多样性的影响、在草地上,传粉昆虫的丰富度随着火灾严重程度的增加而下降,但在高地,火灾严重程度对传粉昆虫的丰富度没有显著影响。在区域尺度上,我们发现两种栖息地中不同燃烧等级的α相似,尽管与未燃烧的高地相比,燃烧过的高地群落往往不那么均匀。中度燃烧的高地栖息地的 β 明显高于未燃烧的高地栖息地,但草甸栖息地的 β 没有明显差异。由于草甸往往比高地更具多样性,对高烧的负面影响也更敏感,因此针对传粉昆虫的保护措施可以优先考虑清除可能会增加这些系统火灾严重性的侵占性针叶树种。
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引用次数: 0
The cynipid gall wasp Diplolepis rosae is more successful in North America than in Europe because of enemy release 蚜蝇瘿蜂 Diplolepis rosae 在北美比在欧洲更成功,原因是释放了敌人
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12745
Zoltán László, Chris Looney, Hunor Prázsmári, Emily Poor, Joseph D. Shorthouse

敌害释放假说(Enemy Release Hypothesis)预测,引入物种在其新的分布区会摆脱控制其种群的天敌(如病原体、寄生虫和捕食者)。Diplolepis rosae(膜翅目,Diplolepididae)原产于古北西部,可在野玫瑰(蔷薇属)上诱发易于察觉的虫瘿,在其原产地支持着一个由昆虫、寄生虫和超寄生虫组成的强大群落。我们比较了加拿大和美国西北太平洋地区与东欧的 D. rosae 树瘿相关的昆虫群落。在其整个引入区,寄生率低于其自然区的树瘿。组成群落的多样性和物种丰富程度也较低。虫瘿大小与寄生率之间的关系在两大洲之间没有显著差异。这些结果表明,其引入地区的组成群落是贫瘠的,并为 "敌方释放假说 "提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Shaping pollinator diversity through coffee agroforestry management: A meta-analytical approach 通过咖啡农林管理塑造授粉者多样性:元分析方法
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12755
Diego Centeno-Alvarado, Ariadna Valentina Lopes, Xavier Arnan

授粉者的多样性在提高授粉服务的复原力方面发挥着重要作用。然而,农业集约化正在导致授粉者多样性的减少。农林系统的结构复杂程度超过了集约化农业系统,可以减轻甚至扭转这种损失。主要在热带地区进行的研究表明,有效管理农林系统可以增加授粉者的多样性。我们进行了一项全球荟萃分析,以探讨咖啡农林业管理方法如何影响蜜蜂授粉者的多样性。我们采用了 20 项研究的 137 组结果,这些研究广泛分布在七大洲中的四大洲。更具体地说,我们调查了增加花卉资源(60 组结果)和林木覆盖率(43 组结果)以及缩短与天然林的距离(34 组结果)的影响。此外,我们还研究了一些关键的调节因素,包括气候条件、传粉昆虫的社会性、用于描述传粉昆虫多样性的指标、传粉昆虫采样方法、用于描述管理措施效果的指标以及花卉资源类型。我们观察到,在热带咖啡农林系统中,随着当地花卉资源的增加,蜜蜂授粉者的多样性也在广泛增加。遮荫树覆盖率和与天然林的接近程度并未对蜜蜂授粉者多样性产生广泛影响。然而,农林业管理措施与蜜蜂授粉者多样性之间关系的强度和方向受到不同因素的调节,主要是气候条件和授粉者的社会性。我们的研究结果强调了咖啡农林系统管理的重要性,以最大限度地提高蜜蜂的多样性,这对咖啡植物授粉至关重要。更广泛的目标应该是确保资源的可用性,以促进授粉者的适应性和有效授粉,从而提高作物产量。
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引用次数: 0
Dry grasslands in urban areas can harbour arthropod species of local conservation concern and should be prioritised for biodiversity-friendly mowing regimes 城市地区的干草地可能蕴藏着当地保护所关注的节肢动物物种,应优先采用生物多样性友好型修剪制度
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12746
Tobias Bauer, Hubert Höfer, Jens Schirmel

我们旨在分析城市草地管理对蜘蛛(Araneae)和鞘翅目昆虫(Coleoptera: Carabidae)以及其他地方和景观参数的影响。我们调查了德国卡尔斯鲁厄市两种不同管理强度的 27 块草地("粗放型":1 至 2 次后期割草,清除生物量 [n = 18];"密集型":3 至 5 次覆膜割草 [n = 9])。结果表明,卡尔斯鲁厄的城市草地上栖息着丰富的物种群,包括多个受保护物种(cc)。后一种物种主要局限于干燥的草地。集约化管理对总标本数量和cc物种标本数量产生了负面影响。随着湿度的增加,cc物种的标本数量进一步减少,蜘蛛的标本数量也随植被高度的增加而减少。我们的研究结果表明,保护城市地区的干旱草地对维持当地节肢动物群落至关重要。我们的研究结果表明,保护城市干旱草地对维持当地节肢动物群落至关重要。城市干旱草地还可作为螨类物种的栖息地,在地方和区域范围内缓解全球昆虫危机。总之,应在城市地区更广泛地实施生物多样性友好型割草制度,尤其是针对干旱草地地块。此外,增加城市基质的连通性和渗透性有助于螨类物种的定居。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of aerial arthropod biomass and diversity from three regions of boreal Alaska 阿拉斯加北部三个地区的空中节肢动物生物量和多样性模式
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12748
Derek S. Sikes, Julie C. Hagelin, John P. Skinner, Adam Haberski, Kristin A. DuBour, James A. Johnson

我们对阿拉斯加北部的三个地区进行了多年调查,其中两个位于阿拉斯加中部(费尔班克斯和特林),另一个位于阿拉斯加中南部(安克雷奇),我们记录了空中节肢动物生物量和多样性的模式。采样工作采用了树冠马拉色和近地传粉昆虫诱捕器,作为对一种急剧衰退的鸣禽进行平行研究的一部分。在夏季高峰期(6 月 15 日至 7 月 15 日),费尔班克斯诱捕器中的平均空中节肢动物生物量(50.6 mg-d-1,置信区间 [CI]:34.5-63.7)比安克雷奇(15.8 mg-d-1,CI:9.3-26.4)高出三倍多。特特林的数值居中(35.4 mg-d-1,置信区间[CI]:18.4-67.4)。温度与捕获的生物量呈正相关,而风力(1.5 m-s-1以上)与捕获的生物量呈负相关。为了获得物种级的多样性数据,我们重点研究了甲虫,它们代表了广泛的食性和类群。甲虫有 6229 个成年标本,364 个独特类群(大部分为种级类群)和 47 个科。甲虫的营养级分类在阿拉斯加中部的地点相似;两地都比安克雷奇有更大比例的食木甲虫。我们的研究首次揭示了阿拉斯加北方地区空中节肢动物生物量和多样性的地区差异和季节趋势,为未来建立了重要的基准。
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引用次数: 0
Local and landscape drivers of natural enemy communities in Indonesian oil palm plantation 印度尼西亚油棕种植园天敌群落的地方和景观驱动因素
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12747
Akhmad Rizali, Sri Karindah, Bambang Tri Rahardjo,  Nurindah, Bandung Sahari

油棕种植园通常采用大面积单一种植系统进行管理。这种系统会导致生物多样性的丧失,并通过减少天敌来促进害虫的爆发。我们对油棕种植园中天敌的物种丰富度、丰度和物种组成进行了研究,并在局部和景观尺度上调查了影响油棕种植园天敌群落的因素。我们在印度尼西亚婆罗洲中部的一个油棕种植园中选取了 12 个地点,根据是否存在自然栖息地将其分为 4 个子区域,这些子区域的地方和景观特征各不相同。使用拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂在树冠下喷雾,对节肢动物进行采样。蜘蛛的物种丰富度不受局部或景观尺度的影响,但其物种组成受油棕树龄(局部尺度)和优势油棕树龄总边缘(景观尺度)的影响。蚂蚁的物种丰富度受自然栖息地等级面积(景观尺度)的影响,而其物种组成则不受地方尺度或景观尺度的影响。另一方面,寄生蜂的物种丰富度受光照强度(局部尺度)和景观内油棕树树龄变化(景观尺度)的影响。研究结果表明,油棕管理实践需要同时考虑局部尺度和景观尺度,以保持生物多样性和生物防治,实现油棕种植园的可持续管理。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Insect Conservation and Diversity
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