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Examining elevation and thermoregulatory trait differences of endemic tropical swallowtail butterflies to assess their vulnerability to climate change 研究热带特有燕尾蝶的海拔高度和体温调节特征差异,以评估其对气候变化的脆弱性
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12744
Tiffany L. T. Ki, Colin M. Beale, Blanca Huertas, Jane K. Hill

热带高山昆虫很容易受到气候变化的影响,如果上山活动范围缩小,灭绝风险就会增加。如果特有物种不成比例地出现在海拔较高的地区,它们将面临特别大的风险,尽管如果它们具有与改善体温调节能力相关的形态特征,威胁可能会得到缓解。我们通过量化与体温调节相关的性状(体型和黑色素)的种间差异,以及物种的性状是否与物种分布范围的升高有关,研究了印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛特有燕尾蝶面对气候变化的脆弱性。我们从英国自然历史博物馆(Natural History Museum)和德国慕尼黑动物学博物馆(Zoologische Staatssammlung München)的 754 份标本中收集了 29 种燕尾蝶(鳞翅目:蝶科)的体型、黑色素形成和范围扩大的数据。地方性蝴蝶的黑色化程度较低(16 个地方性物种,平均 = 83% 黑色化;13 个非地方性物种 = 89% 黑色化),但在体型(地方性物种,平均 = 56 毫米;非地方性物种 = 53 毫米)和海拔(地方性物种,平均 = 345 米海拔;非地方性物种:291 米海拔)方面与非地方性物种相似。没有证据表明这两个组别的物种大小或黑色模式与海拔高度有关。地方特有种和非地方特有种在海拔高度上的差异很小,这意味着地方特有种燕尾蝶受到气候导致的山顶灭绝的威胁并不比非地方特有种大。还需要进一步研究更浅色的翅膀是否会改变特有物种的体温调节能力和适应不断变化的气候的能力。在全球人为温室气体排放没有减少的情况下,持续的气候变暖将继续威胁热带高山物种。
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引用次数: 0
Fifty years of monitoring changes in the abundance of invertebrates in the cereal ecosystem of the Sussex Downs, England 监测英格兰苏塞克斯唐斯谷物生态系统中无脊椎动物数量变化的 50 年历程
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12742
J. A. Ewald, G. R. Potts, N. J. Aebischer, S. J. Moreby, C. J. Wheatley, R. A. Burrell

昆虫数量的变化备受关注,农业集约化被认为是昆虫数量下降的主要原因之一。我们报告了 1970 年至 2019 年期间在英国英格兰南部苏塞克斯谷物田中采集的无脊椎动物的变化情况。我们在每年六月的第三周使用 D-vac 抽吸法从平均 95 块谷物田中采集样本(共计 4757 个样本,包括 2,983,124 个无脊椎动物个体,主要进行科级鉴定)。研究区域包括 12 个农场,这些农场的土地利用、作物轮作和杀虫剂使用强度也被记录在案,显示出随着时间推移而发生的显著变化。所有类群的无脊椎动物总体数量下降了 37%,如果不包括数量最多的类群(鞘翅目、蚜科和蓟马科),则下降了 48%。在 51 个非重叠类群中,47% 的目或科的丰度下降,16% 的类群丰度上升,37% 的类群丰度没有变化。大部分下降发生在研究的头十年,大部分增加发生在 20 世纪 90 年代。后来,从 2010 年开始进一步减少。作为功能类群,噬菌体、噬植物体、捕食者(包括蚜虫特异性捕食者和多食性捕食者)、寄生虫和噬菌体显著减少,而传粉昆虫则没有明显变化。鸟类雏鸟-食物无脊椎动物丰度的五项指标中有四项明显下降,一项(玉米鹀雏鸟-食物指数)没有出现可检测到的变化。多元约束冗余分析表明,种植、田地面积、农药使用和天气都能显著解释 51 个非重叠类群丰度的变化。就功能类群而言,重要的解释变量是天气和农药使用。改变耕作方法和采用病虫害综合防治、再生耕作、农业环境计划选择和间作等措施有助于缓解与物种减少有关的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Transect walks and malaise traps differ in temperature sensitivity but reveal consistent drivers of pollinator richness Transektläufe und Malaisefallen unterscheiden sich in ihrer Temperaturempfindlichkeit, zeigen jedoch konsistente Treiber der Artenvielfalt von Bestäubern 横断面行走和萎靡诱捕器对温度的敏感性不同,但揭示了授粉昆虫丰富性的一致驱动因素
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12743
Janika M. Kerner, Sebastian König, Fabienne Maihoff, Lukas Bofinger, Nikki Sauer, Axel Ssymank, Peter Väth, Alice Classen

长期以来,横断面步行一直是许多飞虫类群的首选监测方法,而结合 DNA 代谢编码的萎靡诱捕器则日益受到重视。我们选择了三类授粉昆虫(野蜂、食蚜蝇和蝴蝶)和一类食草昆虫(蚱蜢)作为功能重要且与保护相关的模型群,比较了两种方法在德国阿尔卑斯山海拔梯度上的结果。在整个研究区域,两种方法都检测到了类似高的传粉昆虫物种丰富度,物种库有约 50% 的重叠,但横断面步行法在每个地点发现了更多的物种,尤其是在海拔较高和低温条件下。不同方法的体型光谱有所不同,平均而言,横断面步行法发现的大型蝴蝶和小型蜜蜂物种更多。尽管如此,温度和花卉丰富度是授粉昆虫丰富度的一致驱动因素,与取样方法无关。横断面步行取样的蚱蜢丰富度大大高于麻风陷阱取样的蚱蜢丰富度。两种方法都能确定温度是蚱蜢丰富度的驱动因素,而只有靡靡之音诱捕器还能确定管理是蚱蜢丰富度的驱动因素。然而,这些被动捕集器的有效性更容易受到采样温度变化的影响,而且在某些授粉昆虫群中,体型等级的表现也不同,这一点在分析过程中需要考虑。对于蚱蜢来说,横断面步行似乎更适合评估物种丰富度,因为可以监测到的物种要多得多。
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引用次数: 0
Area and configuration of both semi-natural habitats and vineyards influence arthropods in South African and central European agricultural landscapes 半自然栖息地和葡萄园的面积和布局对南非和中欧农业景观中节肢动物的影响
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12741
René Gaigher, James S. Pryke, Sophie Kratschmer, Johann G. Zaller, Silvia Winter, Michael J. Samways, Baerbel Pachinger, Marinus Geldenhuys, Julia Van Schalkwyk

恢复农田马赛克的异质性有助于缓解全球生物多样性持续下降的问题。研究表明,葡萄栽培景观中的半自然栖息地会影响葡萄园的生物多样性。然而,人们较少关注葡萄园的范围及其在景观中的布局对生物多样性的影响。利用之前公布的数据,我们在南非和奥地利的 35 个葡萄栽培景观中调查了半自然栖息地和葡萄园对葡萄园节肢动物多样性的影响。我们使用标准化景观预测因子评估了对几种节肢动物群的影响,这些预测因子综合了半自然栖息地和葡萄园的组成(总面积)和配置(形状和空间布局)异质性。此外,我们还评估了葡萄园内植被覆盖率和耕作制度(有机或非有机)的影响,以探索局部尺度效应。葡萄园内的植被和花卉覆盖对大多数节肢动物类群具有一致的积极影响,而耕作制度则影响甚微。此外,半自然植被和葡萄园的配置异质性也对多个分类群产生了影响。然而,不同的分类群与配置异质性的关系截然不同,这阻碍了对景观中半自然元素和葡萄园的最佳配置提出一般性建议。在南非,虫子的丰度是对组成异质性的唯一重要反应,随着半自然要素比例的增加,虫子的丰度也随之增加。我们发现,提高葡萄园的植被覆盖率是改善葡萄园生物多样性的有效且易于实施的措施。此外,葡萄园的空间布局对葡萄园内节肢动物多样性的影响不亚于景观中半自然植被的空间布局,这就为规划具有较高整体生物多样性的葡萄栽培景观提供了更多可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in the Brazilians' engagement with insects on the internet 巴西人在互联网上接触昆虫的趋势
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12740
Arthur Filipe da Silva, Kim Ribeiro Barão

据估计,热带和南温带地区蕴藏着约 85% 的昆虫群,而巴西作为新热带地区最大的国家,其昆虫多样性居世界之首。然而,据我们所知,巴西人对昆虫的兴趣还有待调查。我们利用谷歌趋势平台来探索公众与自然接触的时间变化。从 2012 年到 2020 年在该数据库中使用 21 个昆虫类群的俗名进行的搜索中,我们评估了:(I) 巴西人在互联网上对昆虫的兴趣随时间的变化;(II) 每个昆虫类群的最高搜索主题;(III) 哪些昆虫对公众的兴趣在不同年份呈正相关或负相关。我们的研究结果表明,巴西人对所研究的昆虫类群的网络兴趣随着时间的推移而保持不变,这可能与这些生物通常受到的关注较低有关,而且巴西人容易认为它们是有害的,这一点我们可以从许多与所研究类群相关的热门查询中观察到。我们观察到,人们对被视为家畜害虫、具有重要医学价值和魅力的成对昆虫的兴趣同步增长,对这些群体的搜索主要涉及其生物、生态和文化方面。我们的研究结果表明,在巴西对环境教育的投资可以激发公众对昆虫的兴趣。此外,我们的数据对于指导热带地区的昆虫保护政策至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity of bumble bees and butterflies in Minnesota roadsides depends on floral diversity and abundance but not floral native status 明尼苏达州路边熊蜂和蝴蝶的多样性取决于花的多样性和丰度,而不取决于花的原生状态
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12739
Ashley L. Darst, Timothy S. Mitchell, Michael R. Verhoeven, Elaine Evans, Luke Tonsfeldt, Savannah Kjaer, Emilie C. Snell-Rood

栖息地的丧失是导致许多昆虫迅速减少的重要原因。路边栖息地的恢复被认为是支持大黄蜂和蝴蝶这两种受保护昆虫群落的机会。然而,目前还不清楚目前的路边恢复方法如何转化为传粉昆虫的丰度和多样性。在此,我们询问了播种了本地和非本地混合种子的路边植物群落在种植 2-20 年后对熊蜂和蝴蝶群落的影响。我们发现,熊蜂和蝴蝶的丰度和多样性与花的丰度和多样性呈正相关。然而,在种植了多种本地混合种子的地块中,传粉昆虫群落与种植了物种贫乏的非本地混合种子的地块中的传粉昆虫群落并无不同,这可能是因为本地混合种子中的许多草本植物难以成活,而且所有地块都很容易被从未种植过的物种定殖。虽然有更多本地花卉的地块并不一定支持更高的授粉者多样性,但我们确实发现了几种在路边生长良好并支持授粉者的本地植物,包括金鱼草(Solidago spp.)、牛奶草(Asclepias spp.)和野生佛手柑(Monarda fistulosa)。我们的数据表明,管理一个更加多样和丰富的花卉群落将有利于熊蜂和蝴蝶。完善本地混合种子的组成,在非本地混合种子中加入更多丰富的花卉,并对本地植物群落的管理进行投资,可以提高路边授粉者群落的栖息地价值。
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引用次数: 0
Resource gaps pose the greatest threat for bumblebees during the colony establishment phase 资源缺口是熊蜂在建立蜂群阶段面临的最大威胁
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12736
Matthias A. Becher, Grace Twiston-Davies, Juliet L. Osborne, Tonya A. Lander

支持野生传粉昆虫减少的一种常见管理干预措施是 "传粉昆虫种植"。然而,尽管多年来传粉昆虫一直被纳入保护计划,但全球传粉昆虫数量仍在持续减少。我们利用基于代理的 BEE-STEWARD 模型和两个示例物种:Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) 和 B. pascuorum (Scopoli, 1763)(膜翅目:鳞翅目),探索了一年中什么时候大黄蜂的资源需求最大,以及这与蜂群组成(卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫数量)的季节性变化有何关系。然后,我们研究了为期两周的全年资源匮乏期的影响。最后,我们将探讨用早春开花的草本植物或树木来提高蜂群的存活率和蜂王产量会产生怎样的变化。在英国,熊蜂在三月至四月的飞行高峰期之前有一个以前未被充分认识到的 "饥饿缺口",其驱动因素是幼虫对蛋白质和蜂群体温调节的需求,而不是成蜂的数量。在此期间,如果饲料供应出现两周的缺口,子蜂王的产量就会下降 50%-87%。在模型中加入早花种对蜂群存活率和子蜂王产量有显著的长期积极影响。国家和国际保护计划中的授粉者种植措施需要包括在目标社会授粉者物种的成虫在田间显现前 1 个月,即幼虫主宰蜂群期间开花的植物。这种方法有可能提高蜂群存活率和蜂王产量,有助于阻止和扭转全球授粉者减少的趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered saproxylic beetle L. cervus in a fragmented landscape 破碎景观中濒危无脊椎甲虫 L. cervus 的遗传多样性和种群结构
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12732
Iwona Melosik, Anetta Lewandowska-Wosik, Urszula Sobczyńska, Mirosława Dabert, Mariusz Mleczak, Edward Baraniak

尽管脂腺甲虫物种对生态系统具有重要意义,但对锹形虫(Lucanus cervus)种群精细遗传学的研究仍然非常有限。由于其有限的扩散距离和栖息地破碎化,预计其种群的遗传结构较高,遗传多样性较低。为了评估栖息地破碎化对遗传多样性和结构的影响,我们研究了来自波兰西部三个地点的 150 个鹿甲虫标本:两个森林林地和一个位于橡树林荫道上的林地。我们利用 19 个微卫星 DNA 位点进行了研究。邻接分析和主坐标分析的结果、分化指数值(G'ST、D(Jost)和FST)以及稀有/私有等位基因频率表明,从树木地点采集的个体之间遗传分化较弱。通过 STRUCTURE(LOCPRIOR)、距离隔离测试和空间自相关分析,确定了遗传结构的空间成分。遗传多样性仍然相对较高(HE:0.49-0.51),未发现近亲繁殖现象,采样点个体间的平均亲缘关系也无显著差异。由于片段隔离时间较长、基因流动不受限制以及标记物/样本大小的限制,来自调查地点的鹿个体之间的遗传分化有限。两个地点之间的显著差异虽然微弱,但可能与环境差异和距离有关。遗传数据支持将森林中的个体作为单一管理单元。非侵入性取样足以满足基因研究的需要,但实现均衡取样对于精确估计濒危物种的历史人口分布至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Phylogeography of the Iberian endemic butterfly Erebia palarica Chapman, 1905 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): An integrative approach Filoxeografía do endemismo ibérico Erebia palarica Chapman, 1905 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): un enfoque integrador 伊比利亚特有蝴蝶 Erebia palarica Chapman, 1905(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)的系统地理学:一种综合方法
IF 3.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12735
Laura Torrado-Blanco, Jonas Eberle, Helena Romo, Hugo Mortera, Marta Vila

山地生物多样性特别容易受到环境条件快速波动的影响。最近的模拟显示,在伊比利亚目前存在的 19 种蝴蝶(蛱蝶科,蝶形目)中,只有 3 种在 2070 年的最坏情况下会继续存在。其中一种是西班牙西北部特有的 Erebia palarica。我们结合遗传学、形态计量学和生态位模型重建了它的进化史。首先,从 305 个标本中获得的细胞色素氧化酶 I(COI)线粒体基因序列揭示了一个双星状网络,这表明它是从两个祖先种群扩展而来的。这一发现与末次冰川最盛时期气候模型所显示的更大和不连贯的假定分布一致。其次,用 7 个微卫星标记对 262 个样本进行基因分型,在坎塔布里亚山脉的中东部发现了一个大的聚类,主要受距离隔离的影响,并揭示了西部地区不同程度的结构。最后,我们回顾了该物种的种内分类。根据遗传和形态分析,最西部的地点(Queixa)是一个明显分离的单元,这进一步支持了其以前作为 E. p. castroviejoi 亚种的模糊描述。总之,E. palarica 的案例体现了狭义特有种可能表现出的复杂性,并强调了解物种的进化史对于制定适当的保护战略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Vegetation structure and relative humidity drive the diurnal foraging activity of Malaysian giant ant workers in urban fragmented forests 植被结构和相对湿度驱动马来西亚巨蚁工蚁在城市破碎森林中的昼间觅食活动
IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/icad.12724
Badrul Azhar, Norhisham Razi, Ruzana Sanusi, Alex Lechner, Mohamad Ashraf, Wan Mamat Wan Zaki, Farhan Jafni

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引用次数: 0
期刊
Insect Conservation and Diversity
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