Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330130
Aya Lotfy Yosef, Hanan H Soliman, G. Shiha, Mohiee Eldeen Abdelaziz Awad, Eslam E El-Hawary
Background: Thalassemic children develop liver fibrosis because of liver iron overload and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Transient elastography (FibroScan) can be a reliable non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis in thalassemic patients. Treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LED/SOF) direct acting antiviral agents can significantly affect liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan. Original Research Article Yosef et al.; IBRR, 11(3): 9-17, 2020; Article no.IBRR.60361 10 Aims: To assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive FibroScan through LSM before and after generic LED/SOF therapy in multi-transfused β-thalassemic children infected with HCV. Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Hematology Unit, Tanta University Hospital, from November 2017 to May 2019. Methodology: Fifty multi-transfused β-thalassemic treatment-naϊve children (aged 12-18 years and weighing ≥35kg) with chronic HCV infection were subjected to clinical evaluation, quantitative HCV PCR assay, FibroScan examination, and calculation of APRI, FIB4 index and AST/ ALT ratio. In addition to standard therapy, generic LED/SOF (90/400 mg) treatment was given for 12 weeks’ duration with follow up for further 12 weeks after end of treatment. Results: A positive HCV PCR was changed into negative for all studied patients starting from week 4 after treatment. There was highly significant reduction in the LSM values by FibroScan in the studied patients after therapy (p-value <0.001) with median reduction of 19.4 %. The significant reduction in LSM values was particularly prominent in patients with significant (F2) and advanced (F3) liver fibrosis stages as well as cirrhotic patients (F4). There was significant reduction in the values of other non-invasive liver fibrosis markers FIB-4 index, APRI score and AST/ ALT ratio (pvalue <0.001, <0.001 and 0.020 respectively) after therapy. Conclusion: Generic LED/SOF therapy for 12 weeks’ duration resulted in eradication of HCV infection that was associated with significant decrease in LSM by FibroScan particularly those with higher baseline liver fibrosis stages.
{"title":"Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis by FibroScan in β-Thalassemia Children Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Before and After Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir Therapy","authors":"Aya Lotfy Yosef, Hanan H Soliman, G. Shiha, Mohiee Eldeen Abdelaziz Awad, Eslam E El-Hawary","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thalassemic children develop liver fibrosis because of liver iron overload and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Transient elastography (FibroScan) can be a reliable non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis in thalassemic patients. Treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LED/SOF) direct acting antiviral agents can significantly affect liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by FibroScan. Original Research Article Yosef et al.; IBRR, 11(3): 9-17, 2020; Article no.IBRR.60361 10 Aims: To assess liver fibrosis by non-invasive FibroScan through LSM before and after generic LED/SOF therapy in multi-transfused β-thalassemic children infected with HCV. Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Hematology Unit, Tanta University Hospital, from November 2017 to May 2019. Methodology: Fifty multi-transfused β-thalassemic treatment-naϊve children (aged 12-18 years and weighing ≥35kg) with chronic HCV infection were subjected to clinical evaluation, quantitative HCV PCR assay, FibroScan examination, and calculation of APRI, FIB4 index and AST/ ALT ratio. In addition to standard therapy, generic LED/SOF (90/400 mg) treatment was given for 12 weeks’ duration with follow up for further 12 weeks after end of treatment. Results: A positive HCV PCR was changed into negative for all studied patients starting from week 4 after treatment. There was highly significant reduction in the LSM values by FibroScan in the studied patients after therapy (p-value <0.001) with median reduction of 19.4 %. The significant reduction in LSM values was particularly prominent in patients with significant (F2) and advanced (F3) liver fibrosis stages as well as cirrhotic patients (F4). There was significant reduction in the values of other non-invasive liver fibrosis markers FIB-4 index, APRI score and AST/ ALT ratio (pvalue <0.001, <0.001 and 0.020 respectively) after therapy. Conclusion: Generic LED/SOF therapy for 12 weeks’ duration resulted in eradication of HCV infection that was associated with significant decrease in LSM by FibroScan particularly those with higher baseline liver fibrosis stages.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81171346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330129
O. A. Adulugba, O. Amali, F. Ikpa, M. Manyi, V. Obisike
Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent and prevalent malaria parasite in Nigeria .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients at General Hospitals in Benue State. A total of 1200 patients were examined in this study. Blood samples were collected by finger prick onto clean slides and into the round sample well of PfRDTs. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of malaria infection was 34.8%. A questionnaire was used to determine some demographic factors. Prevalence of malaria in relation to residence, rural area recorded higher prevalence of 42.2% than urban area with prevalence of 23.8%. Chi square analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence in relation to residence. The Prevalence of malaria in relation to age groups, age between 6-10 and 7-15 recorded higher infection rate of 54.5% and 51.5% respectively. While, age group >46 recorded 17.5%. The female patients 36.2% were more infected than the males 33.1%.Patients that had informal education recorded higher prevalence rate of 89.2% and those that are farmers had 57.9%. Chi square analysis however showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). A significant Original Research Article Adulugba et al.; IBRR, 11(3): 1-8, 2020; Article no.IBRR.59986 2 difference (P<0.05) was observed between patients that used insecticide spray alone as malaria preventive methods (70.1%) compared to patients that used combined methods of prevention (17.2%). Malaria still remains prevalent among patients in Benue State, Nigeria.
恶性疟原虫是尼日利亚最致命和流行的疟疾寄生虫。本研究旨在确定贝努埃州综合医院患者中疟疾感染的流行程度。本研究共检查了1200例患者。用手指刺血法将血样采集到干净的载玻片上，并放入pfrdt的圆形取样孔中。制备厚、薄血膜，镜检。总流行率为34.8%。问卷调查是用来确定一些人口因素。与居住地相关的疟疾患病率，农村地区为42.2%，高于城市地区的23.8%。卡方分析显示，患病率与居住地的关系有显著差异(p < 0.05)。6-10岁和7-15岁年龄组的疟疾流行率分别为54.5%和51.5%。而年龄>46岁的占17.5%。女性感染率为36.2%，男性感染率为33.1%。接受过非正规教育的患者患病率为89.2%，农民患者患病率为57.9%。卡方分析显示差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。A significant Original Research Article Adulugba et al.;中国生物医学杂志，11(3):1-8,2020;文章no.IBRR。单独使用杀虫剂喷雾作为疟疾预防方法的患者(70.1%)与使用联合预防方法的患者(17.2%)相比，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疟疾在尼日利亚贝努埃州的病人中仍然普遍存在。
{"title":"Studies on Plasmodium falciparum Infection Rates among Patients Attending General Hospitals in Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Adulugba, O. Amali, F. Ikpa, M. Manyi, V. Obisike","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i330129","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent and prevalent malaria parasite in Nigeria .This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients at General Hospitals in Benue State. A total of 1200 patients were examined in this study. Blood samples were collected by finger prick onto clean slides and into the round sample well of PfRDTs. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of malaria infection was 34.8%. A questionnaire was used to determine some demographic factors. Prevalence of malaria in relation to residence, rural area recorded higher prevalence of 42.2% than urban area with prevalence of 23.8%. Chi square analysis showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence in relation to residence. The Prevalence of malaria in relation to age groups, age between 6-10 and 7-15 recorded higher infection rate of 54.5% and 51.5% respectively. While, age group >46 recorded 17.5%. The female patients 36.2% were more infected than the males 33.1%.Patients that had informal education recorded higher prevalence rate of 89.2% and those that are farmers had 57.9%. Chi square analysis however showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). A significant Original Research Article Adulugba et al.; IBRR, 11(3): 1-8, 2020; Article no.IBRR.59986 2 difference (P<0.05) was observed between patients that used insecticide spray alone as malaria preventive methods (70.1%) compared to patients that used combined methods of prevention (17.2%). Malaria still remains prevalent among patients in Benue State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84104426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230128
S. U. Ken-Ezihuo, B. S. Mbeera, Chiatugu Nancy Ibeh, Z. Jeremiah
Aim: The study was designed to comparatively assess the degree of fibrinolytic response amongst malaria-positive pregnant women, and non-malaria positive subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: The study area covered University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt [UPTH] and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, [RSUTH] both in Port Harcourt metropolis Rivers State. It was a cross-sectional study carried out on a total of two hundred and forty female attendees at the obstetrics and gynecology clinics of the two hospitals. The subjects were grouped into three comprising of eighty subjects in each group; malarious pregnant women, nonmalarious pregnant women and apparently healthy non-pregnant women. Venous blood sample measuring 5 milliliter volume was drawn from each subject, The sample was dispensed into two separate EDTA anticoagulant bottles, 3 milliliter and 2 milliliter meant for measuring the levels of markers of Original Research Article Stella et al.; IBRR, 11(2): 34-45, 2020; Article no.IBRR.59396 35 fibrinolysis which were Plasminogen, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, Tissue Plasminogen activator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, D-dimers and fibrinogen, and preparation of blood films for malaria microscopy respectively. Results: Fibrinogen result; 760.44±16.18 ng/ml of malaria-positive pregnant women was elevated compared to the malaria-negative women; 697.70±18.84 ng/ml and the non-pregnant control values of 704.73±15.25 ng/ml. These values were significantly different [P<.011] between the study groups. Results of tissue plasminogen activator [tPA]; 46.39±2.69 ng/ml, D-dimer; 77.64±6.94 ng/ml, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]; 89.73±2.14 ng/ml, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 [PAI2]; 568.00±12.51 ng/ml, plasminogen; 23.82±0.75 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1314.06±34.64 ng/ml of the malaria-positive pregnant women were significantly different [P=0.0001] from non-positive pregnant women; tPA; 28.87±1.38 ng/ml, D-dimer; 53.90±1.18 ng/ml., PAI-1; 80.00± 1.81 ng/ml, PAI-2; 456.31±5.94 ng/ml, Plasminogen; 16.63±0.67 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1130.61±29.74 ng/ml . Both results were significantly different [P=0.0001] from the non-pregnant control group; tPA; 31.34±1.64 ng/ml, D-dimer; 30.24±1.04 ng/ml, PAI-1; 65,47±2,33 ng/ml, PAI-2; 427.86±6.95 ng/ml, plasminogen; 16.49±0.04 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1016.98±24.51 ng/ml. Conclusion: The study witnessed significantly high concentrations of fibrinolytic markers in malariapositive pregnant women. This could be due to compromised endothelial cell function resulting to overproduction of biomarkers of fibrinolysis. The implication is thrombus formation and excessive bleeding in pregnancy which could lead to miscarriages, fetal death or maternal mortality.
目的:本研究旨在比较评估尼日利亚河流州疟疾阳性孕妇和非疟疾阳性受试者的纤溶反应程度。方法:研究区域为哈科特港大学教学医院(UPTH)和河流州立大学教学医院(RSUTH)，均位于哈科特港大都市河流州。这是一项横断面研究，共对两家医院妇产科诊所的240名女性患者进行了调查。受试者被分成三组，每组80人;患有疟疾的孕妇、非疟疾孕妇和明显健康的非孕妇。每位受试者抽取体积为5毫升的静脉血样本，将样本分装于两个EDTA抗凝瓶中，分别为3毫升和2毫升，用于测量原始研究文章Stella等的标记物水平;国际生物医学杂志，11(2):34-45,2020;文章no.IBRR。其中纤溶酶原、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-2、组织纤溶酶原激活物、α -2-抗纤溶酶、d -二聚体和纤维蛋白原，以及疟疾镜检血膜的制备。结果:纤维蛋白原结果;与疟疾阴性孕妇相比，疟疾阳性孕妇血清中血清浓度升高(760.44±16.18 ng/ml);697.70±18.84 ng/ml，非妊娠对照组704.73±15.25 ng/ml。这些值有显著性差异[P<。[11]研究小组之间的差异。组织纤溶酶原激活剂[tPA];46.39±2.69 ng/ml, d -二聚体;77.64±6.94 ng/ml，纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 [PAI-1];89.73±2.14 ng/ml，纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-2 [PAI2];568.00±12.51 ng/ml，纤溶酶原;23.82±0.75 ng/ml;疟疾阳性孕妇与非阳性孕妇的差异有统计学意义[P=0.0001]，为1314.06±34.64 ng/ml;tPA;28.87±1.38 ng/ml, d -二聚体;53.90±1.18 ng / ml。PAI-1;80.00±1.81 ng/ml, PAI-2;456.31±5.94 ng/ml，纤溶酶原;16.63±0.67 ng/ml;1130.61±29.74 ng/ml。两项结果均与未妊娠对照组有显著差异[P=0.0001];tPA;31.34±1.64 ng/ml, d -二聚体;30.24±1.04 ng/ml, PAI-1;65、47±2,33 ng/ml, PAI-2;427.86±6.95 ng/ml，纤溶酶原;16.49±0.04 ng/ml;1016.98±24.51 ng / ml。结论:本研究发现疟疾阳性孕妇纤维蛋白溶解标志物浓度明显偏高。这可能是由于内皮细胞功能受损导致纤维蛋白溶解生物标志物过量产生。其含义是血栓形成和妊娠出血过多，可能导致流产，胎儿死亡或产妇死亡。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Fibrinolytic Response amongst Malarious Pregnant and Non Malarious Subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"S. U. Ken-Ezihuo, B. S. Mbeera, Chiatugu Nancy Ibeh, Z. Jeremiah","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230128","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study was designed to comparatively assess the degree of fibrinolytic response amongst malaria-positive pregnant women, and non-malaria positive subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: The study area covered University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt [UPTH] and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, [RSUTH] both in Port Harcourt metropolis Rivers State. It was a cross-sectional study carried out on a total of two hundred and forty female attendees at the obstetrics and gynecology clinics of the two hospitals. The subjects were grouped into three comprising of eighty subjects in each group; malarious pregnant women, nonmalarious pregnant women and apparently healthy non-pregnant women. Venous blood sample measuring 5 milliliter volume was drawn from each subject, The sample was dispensed into two separate EDTA anticoagulant bottles, 3 milliliter and 2 milliliter meant for measuring the levels of markers of Original Research Article Stella et al.; IBRR, 11(2): 34-45, 2020; Article no.IBRR.59396 35 fibrinolysis which were Plasminogen, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, Tissue Plasminogen activator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, D-dimers and fibrinogen, and preparation of blood films for malaria microscopy respectively. Results: Fibrinogen result; 760.44±16.18 ng/ml of malaria-positive pregnant women was elevated compared to the malaria-negative women; 697.70±18.84 ng/ml and the non-pregnant control values of 704.73±15.25 ng/ml. These values were significantly different [P<.011] between the study groups. Results of tissue plasminogen activator [tPA]; 46.39±2.69 ng/ml, D-dimer; 77.64±6.94 ng/ml, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]; 89.73±2.14 ng/ml, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 [PAI2]; 568.00±12.51 ng/ml, plasminogen; 23.82±0.75 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1314.06±34.64 ng/ml of the malaria-positive pregnant women were significantly different [P=0.0001] from non-positive pregnant women; tPA; 28.87±1.38 ng/ml, D-dimer; 53.90±1.18 ng/ml., PAI-1; 80.00± 1.81 ng/ml, PAI-2; 456.31±5.94 ng/ml, Plasminogen; 16.63±0.67 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1130.61±29.74 ng/ml . Both results were significantly different [P=0.0001] from the non-pregnant control group; tPA; 31.34±1.64 ng/ml, D-dimer; 30.24±1.04 ng/ml, PAI-1; 65,47±2,33 ng/ml, PAI-2; 427.86±6.95 ng/ml, plasminogen; 16.49±0.04 ng/ml and 2-antiplasmin; 1016.98±24.51 ng/ml. Conclusion: The study witnessed significantly high concentrations of fibrinolytic markers in malariapositive pregnant women. This could be due to compromised endothelial cell function resulting to overproduction of biomarkers of fibrinolysis. The implication is thrombus formation and excessive bleeding in pregnancy which could lead to miscarriages, fetal death or maternal mortality.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84900414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-06DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230127
Onuigwe Festus Uchechukwu, Khadija Bello Tudu, Erhabor Osaro, Buhari Hauwa Ali, B. A. Ibrahim, Amilo Grace Ifechukwudebelu, Ibeh Nancy Chitogu
Background and Aim: Obstetric complications are part of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of complications on the Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and platelet count (PLC). Women with obstetric complications were recruited as subjects). Pregnant women without complications were included as controls. Study Design: This is a case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Specialist Hospital Sokoto and the duration was six months. Methodology: Pregnant women aged 18–41 years (mean age 29.5 years) were recruited for the study. The determination of PT and APTT was done by manual methods using commercially prepared Agappe reagent kits, whereas PLC was done by manual methods using a haemocytometer (Improved Neubauer counting chamber). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of PT and APTT were significantly higher among women with obstetric complications (14.26±0.23 seconds and 31.32±0.70 second) compared to normal pregnant women (13.00 ± 0.13 seconds and 29.66±0.33) (P<0.05). The PLC was significantly lower among women with obstetric complications compared to women without obstetric complications (P< 0.05).Obstetric complications in subject show a significant association when compared with PT and APTT (P< 0.05). The age group of subjects shows a significant association when compared with APTT (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study have shown that obstetric complications causes decrease in platelet count and prolongation in PT and APTT. There is need to assess the PT, APTT and Platelet count routinely for pregnant women to improve the ante-natal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto.
背景和目的:产科并发症是全世界孕产妇死亡的主要原因之一。本研究旨在探讨并发症对凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活素时间(APTT)和血小板计数(PLC)的影响。有产科并发症的妇女被招募为研究对象)。无并发症的孕妇作为对照。研究设计:这是一项病例对照研究。研究地点和持续时间:研究在索科托专科医院妇产科进行，持续时间为6个月。方法:研究招募年龄在18-41岁(平均年龄29.5岁)的孕妇。PT和APTT的测定采用人工方法，使用商业制备的Agappe试剂盒，而PLC的测定采用人工方法，使用血细胞计(改进的Neubauer计数室)。数据分析采用SPSS version 23。结果:产科并发症组PT、APTT评分分别为14.26±0.23秒和31.32±0.70秒，显著高于正常妊娠组(13.00±0.13秒和29.66±0.33秒)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有产科并发症妇女的PLC明显低于无产科并发症妇女(P< 0.05)。与PT和APTT相比，受试者的产科并发症有显著相关性(P< 0.05)。与APTT比较，各年龄组间存在显著相关性(P< 0.05)。结论:本研究结果表明，产科并发症导致血小板计数下降，延长PT和APTT时间。有必要对孕妇的PT、APTT和血小板计数进行常规评估，以改善索科托专科医院的产前护理。
{"title":"Coagulation Parameters among Women with Obstetric Complications in Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Onuigwe Festus Uchechukwu, Khadija Bello Tudu, Erhabor Osaro, Buhari Hauwa Ali, B. A. Ibrahim, Amilo Grace Ifechukwudebelu, Ibeh Nancy Chitogu","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230127","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Obstetric complications are part of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of complications on the Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and platelet count (PLC). Women with obstetric complications were recruited as subjects). Pregnant women without complications were included as controls. \u0000Study Design: This is a case-control study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Specialist Hospital Sokoto and the duration was six months. \u0000Methodology: Pregnant women aged 18–41 years (mean age 29.5 years) were recruited for the study. The determination of PT and APTT was done by manual methods using commercially prepared Agappe reagent kits, whereas PLC was done by manual methods using a haemocytometer (Improved Neubauer counting chamber). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. \u0000Results: The results of PT and APTT were significantly higher among women with obstetric complications (14.26±0.23 seconds and 31.32±0.70 second) compared to normal pregnant women (13.00 ± 0.13 seconds and 29.66±0.33) (P<0.05). The PLC was significantly lower among women with obstetric complications compared to women without obstetric complications (P< 0.05).Obstetric complications in subject show a significant association when compared with PT and APTT (P< 0.05). The age group of subjects shows a significant association when compared with APTT (P< 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Findings from this study have shown that obstetric complications causes decrease in platelet count and prolongation in PT and APTT. There is need to assess the PT, APTT and Platelet count routinely for pregnant women to improve the ante-natal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82526742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230126
Chetcha Bernard
Blood banks in sub-Saharan Africa regularly face shortages of blood products (PS). Several factors are responsible for this, including transfusion-transmissible infections (ITT) and deficiencies in the transfusion system. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the various reasons for rejection at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. We first conducted a retrospective study at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé for 12 months between January 01, 2014 and December 31, 2014.Secondly, we carried out a prospective study in October 2015. Five milliliters (05 ml) of venous blood were taken from each participant in a tube without anticoagulant; patient samples were stored at -24°C. A rapid screening test and ELISA were used to test for HIV, HCV, HBs and syphilis on the samples taken. Approximately 15,028 bags of whole blood were drawn in 2014, of which 3,688 bags were rejected. This equates to a rejection rate of 24.54%. Discards for non-infectious reasons represented 3.51% and rejections for infectious reasons 21.03%. During the prospective study, among those selected, there were 95.74% men and 4.26% women. The average age of the participants was 30 years. Among the 705 people in this investigation, 185 blood bags were rejected. Infectious causes represented 22.55% (Hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis with a respective prevalence of 9.08%, 0.71% 6.95% and 5.82%) and nonOriginal Research Article Bernard; IBRR, 11(2): 15-22, 2020; Article no.IBRR.57155 16 infectious causes represented 3.68 % (clots, insufficient volume of PST, hemolysis and expiration with a respective prevalence of: 1.84%, 0.71 0.14% and 0.99%).The association between rejection of blood bags and qualitative variables was assessed. There emerged a significant association between the risk of rejection of a blood bag and the type of donor; condom use, number of partners, history of STIs. At the Yaoundé Central Hospital blood bank, the reasons for rejecting blood bags are divided into two categories: Mainly infectious and non-infectious. Also, certain risk variables such as not using a condom, multiple sexual partners and a history of STIs are risk factors that can encourage rejection of blood bags.
{"title":"Transfusion Transmitable Infections and Reasons for Release of Total Blood to the Blood Bank of the Yaounde Centrall Hospital","authors":"Chetcha Bernard","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230126","url":null,"abstract":"Blood banks in sub-Saharan Africa regularly face shortages of blood products (PS). Several factors are responsible for this, including transfusion-transmissible infections (ITT) and deficiencies in the transfusion system. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the various reasons for rejection at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. We first conducted a retrospective study at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé for 12 months between January 01, 2014 and December 31, 2014.Secondly, we carried out a prospective study in October 2015. Five milliliters (05 ml) of venous blood were taken from each participant in a tube without anticoagulant; patient samples were stored at -24°C. A rapid screening test and ELISA were used to test for HIV, HCV, HBs and syphilis on the samples taken. Approximately 15,028 bags of whole blood were drawn in 2014, of which 3,688 bags were rejected. This equates to a rejection rate of 24.54%. Discards for non-infectious reasons represented 3.51% and rejections for infectious reasons 21.03%. During the prospective study, among those selected, there were 95.74% men and 4.26% women. The average age of the participants was 30 years. Among the 705 people in this investigation, 185 blood bags were rejected. Infectious causes represented 22.55% (Hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis with a respective prevalence of 9.08%, 0.71% 6.95% and 5.82%) and nonOriginal Research Article Bernard; IBRR, 11(2): 15-22, 2020; Article no.IBRR.57155 16 infectious causes represented 3.68 % (clots, insufficient volume of PST, hemolysis and expiration with a respective prevalence of: 1.84%, 0.71 0.14% and 0.99%).The association between rejection of blood bags and qualitative variables was assessed. There emerged a significant association between the risk of rejection of a blood bag and the type of donor; condom use, number of partners, history of STIs. At the Yaoundé Central Hospital blood bank, the reasons for rejecting blood bags are divided into two categories: Mainly infectious and non-infectious. Also, certain risk variables such as not using a condom, multiple sexual partners and a history of STIs are risk factors that can encourage rejection of blood bags.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73116215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230125
Sagar Yeruva, M. Varalakshmi, B. Gowtham, Y. Chandana, P. Prasad
Sickle cell is haematological disorder (haematology is a study of blood in health and diseases) which may lead to an organ damage, heart strokes and serious complications. It may also reduce human life span. Most of the sickle cells are observed in new born babies. At the start of sickle cells in human people though it’s a kind of feature in tribal people but it has spread over the world. Sickle cell Symptoms are observed in human beings as episodes of pains (crisis), Vision problems, swelling of hands and Feet. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) can harm patient’s spleen (slightly pain at left Ribs). If one organ is affected in human body, then slowly it affects the entire body by spreading into Brain, Lungs, Heart, Liver, Kidneys, Joints, Eyes, Penis, Skin or Bone. This paper is aimed at presenting the complete details of the SCD with its properties, symptoms, signs, treatment for this disease. This is also a comprehensive study and characteristics of this disease with other similar diseases. The technological implications and usage in the field of SCD for better accuracy of identification of the disease is presented.
{"title":"Sickle Cell Disease - A Comprehensive Study and Usage of Technology for Diagnosis","authors":"Sagar Yeruva, M. Varalakshmi, B. Gowtham, Y. Chandana, P. Prasad","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230125","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell is haematological disorder (haematology is a study of blood in health and diseases) which may lead to an organ damage, heart strokes and serious complications. It may also reduce human life span. Most of the sickle cells are observed in new born babies. At the start of sickle cells in human people though it’s a kind of feature in tribal people but it has spread over the world. Sickle cell Symptoms are observed in human beings as episodes of pains (crisis), Vision problems, swelling of hands and Feet. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) can harm patient’s spleen (slightly pain at left Ribs). If one organ is affected in human body, then slowly it affects the entire body by spreading into Brain, Lungs, Heart, Liver, Kidneys, Joints, Eyes, Penis, Skin or Bone. This paper is aimed at presenting the complete details of the SCD with its properties, symptoms, signs, treatment for this disease. This is also a comprehensive study and characteristics of this disease with other similar diseases. The technological implications and usage in the field of SCD for better accuracy of identification of the disease is presented.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81687105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230124
Ekta Paramjit, S. Sudhamani, A. Sharan, Sonali Pitale, P. Roplekar
Background & Aims: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and platelet hyperactivity with local platelet activation plays a crucial role in its genesis. As there is discrepancy regarding the significance of deranged platelet parameters, we aimed to study the role of platelet volume indices in the spectrum of coronary artery syndrome and to correlate them clinically. Study Design: The study was conducted by collecting the data of patients with Myocardial infarction from the Cardiac care unit registry along with their clinical history and investigations. Stable coronary artery cases were collected from the Catheterization Lab and compared with Age and Sex matched controls. All CBCs of the above groups were processed by a 5-part counter and the data generated was transferred to a master chart for statistical analysis. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted in the Central Laboratory & Department of Pathology at D.Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India in collaboration with the Cardiac Care Unit and Catheterisation Lab of the hospital for a period of two years. Original Research Article Paramjit et al.; IBRR, 11(2): 1-5, 2020; Article no.IBRR.55817 2 Methods: A total of 122 cases were studied and grouped into 5 groups according to presentation and the platelet volume indices of these were compared with 38 matched controls and statistically analysed. Results: Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width of patients with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non ST elevation Myocardial Infarction(NSTEMI) were increased marginally in number when compared to Stable Coronary Artery Disease(SCAD) and Control group, however this was not statistically significant. Platelet Large Cell Ratio (PLCR) was significantly raised in STEMI cases only (P = 0.09), so it may prove to be a better marker for the disease (P = 0.09). Platelet counts in various groups when compared with controls gave inconsistent results i.e SCAD vs Control significantly decreased (P = 0.07) and STEMI vs Control significantly increased (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The platelet volume indices in suspected acute coronary syndrome cases showed various changes, but present data failed to be diagnostically significant. However this data may later help to characterise further relationship between Acute coronary syndrome and platelet function in subsequent studies.
{"title":"Platelet Volume Indices in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome","authors":"Ekta Paramjit, S. Sudhamani, A. Sharan, Sonali Pitale, P. Roplekar","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i230124","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Acute coronary syndrome is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and platelet hyperactivity with local platelet activation plays a crucial role in its genesis. As there is discrepancy regarding the significance of deranged platelet parameters, we aimed to study the role of platelet volume indices in the spectrum of coronary artery syndrome and to correlate them clinically. Study Design: The study was conducted by collecting the data of patients with Myocardial infarction from the Cardiac care unit registry along with their clinical history and investigations. Stable coronary artery cases were collected from the Catheterization Lab and compared with Age and Sex matched controls. All CBCs of the above groups were processed by a 5-part counter and the data generated was transferred to a master chart for statistical analysis. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted in the Central Laboratory & Department of Pathology at D.Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India in collaboration with the Cardiac Care Unit and Catheterisation Lab of the hospital for a period of two years. Original Research Article Paramjit et al.; IBRR, 11(2): 1-5, 2020; Article no.IBRR.55817 2 Methods: A total of 122 cases were studied and grouped into 5 groups according to presentation and the platelet volume indices of these were compared with 38 matched controls and statistically analysed. Results: Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width of patients with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non ST elevation Myocardial Infarction(NSTEMI) were increased marginally in number when compared to Stable Coronary Artery Disease(SCAD) and Control group, however this was not statistically significant. Platelet Large Cell Ratio (PLCR) was significantly raised in STEMI cases only (P = 0.09), so it may prove to be a better marker for the disease (P = 0.09). Platelet counts in various groups when compared with controls gave inconsistent results i.e SCAD vs Control significantly decreased (P = 0.07) and STEMI vs Control significantly increased (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The platelet volume indices in suspected acute coronary syndrome cases showed various changes, but present data failed to be diagnostically significant. However this data may later help to characterise further relationship between Acute coronary syndrome and platelet function in subsequent studies.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86241469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130123
B. C. Chemegni, A. Ndoumba, Jiatsa Bogning, E. Lontsi, CB Tayou Tagne, D. Mbanya
In order to prevent post transfusion alloimmunization, it is essential to give recipients compatible blood products. However in countries with limited income, blood grouping is limited to the ABO system and to the D antigen of the Rhesus system; however, there are other immunogenic antigens such as C, c, E, e and K to name a few. This should be the reason why a retrospective study by Tayou et al. at the blood bank of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Yaoundé in 2009 on the erythrocyte phenotype in the donor and recipient of blood product only reported to us that data relate to the erythrocyte blood group system ABO and the Rh 1 antigen. We therefore found it expedient to carry out erythrocyte phenotyping in the ABO, RH and KELL blood group systems in the donor and recipient of blood products at the CHU of Yaoundé. A descriptive, transversal and prospective study was carried out at the blood bank of the CHU of Yaoundé over 6 months, from June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. It was interested in the donorOriginal Research Article Chemegni et al.; IBRR, 11(1): 31-37, 2020; Article no.IBRR.56051 32 recipient couples of blood within which the recipient was a patient hospitalized at the CHU. Laboratory analyses of donor and recipient blood samples have allowed us to have the phenotypes in the ABO, RH, and KELL blood group systems. In the ABO system, the phenotypes obtained were 4: A1, A1B, B and O at 27.27%, 2.27%, 13.64% and 56.82% respectively among donors and 31.82%, 2.27%, 13.64% and 52.27% among recipients. In addition, from the Rhesus system, there were 5 phenotypes in donors: D + C + E + c + e +, D + C + E-c + e +, D + C-E + c + e +, D + CE-c + e +, DCE-c + e + respectively at 2.27%, 11.36%, 9.09%, 75.00% and 2.27% and in recipients 4 phenotypes, namely: D + C + E + c + e +, D + C-E + c + e +, D + CE-c + e +, DCE-c + e + at 15.91%, 27.27%, 54.55% and 2.27% respectively. In the KELL system, the K antigen was present in 4.55% of donors and 2.27% of recipients. An antigen supply from the donor to the recipient was evaluated at 6.82% for C, 4.54% for E, 2.27% for K and 2.27% for K, C, E at the same time. This gave us an estimate of the average risk of alloimmunization at 15.9%. Erythrocyte phenotyping would therefore be of major benefit during blood transfusion and would considerably prevent the risks of alloimmunization.
为了防止输血后同种异体免疫，必须向受者提供相容的血液制品。然而，在收入有限的国家，血型仅限于ABO系统和恒河猴系统的D抗原;然而，还有其他免疫原性抗原，如C、C、E、E和K等。这应该就是为什么2009年，Tayou等人在雅温市大学医院中心血库对供血者和受血者的红细胞表型进行回顾性研究时，只向我们报告了红细胞血型系统ABO和Rh 1抗原的数据。因此，我们发现在雅温德医院血液制品供者和受者的ABO、RH和KELL血型系统中进行红细胞表型分析是有利的。本研究于2017年6月1日至2017年12月31日6个多月的时间内，在雅温得市CHU血库进行了一项描述性、横向、前瞻性研究。它对捐赠者的原创研究文章Chemegni等人感兴趣;国际生物医学杂志，11(1):31-37,2020;文章no.IBRR。56051 32对受血人，其中受血人是在保健所住院的病人。供体和受体血液样本的实验室分析使我们能够在ABO, RH和KELL血型系统中获得表型。在ABO系统中，获得的表型为4种:A1、A1B、B和O，供者分别占27.27%、2.27%、13.64%和56.82%，受体占31.82%、2.27%、13.64%和52.27%。此外,从恒河系统,捐赠者有5表型:D + C + E + E C + +,英汉+ E D + C + +, D +汉英+ C + E + D + CE-c + E + DCE-c + E +分别为2.27%,11.36%,9.09%,75.00%和2.27%,而接受者4表型,即:D + C + E + E C + +, D +汉英+ C + E + D + CE-c + E + DCE-c + E + 15.91%,分别为27.27%、54.55%和2.27%。在KELL系统中，4.55%的供体和2.27%的受体存在K抗原。从供体到受体的抗原供给率分别为C的6.82%、E的4.54%、K的2.27%和K、C、E的2.27%。这使我们估计同种异体免疫的平均风险为15.9%。因此，红细胞表型在输血过程中具有重要的益处，并可大大预防同种异体免疫的风险。
{"title":"Erythrocyte Phenotyping in ABO, RH and Kell Blood Group Systems in the Donor and Recipient of Blood Products at the Yaounde University and Hospital Center","authors":"B. C. Chemegni, A. Ndoumba, Jiatsa Bogning, E. Lontsi, CB Tayou Tagne, D. Mbanya","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130123","url":null,"abstract":"In order to prevent post transfusion alloimmunization, it is essential to give recipients compatible blood products. However in countries with limited income, blood grouping is limited to the ABO system and to the D antigen of the Rhesus system; however, there are other immunogenic antigens such as C, c, E, e and K to name a few. This should be the reason why a retrospective study by Tayou et al. at the blood bank of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Yaoundé in 2009 on the erythrocyte phenotype in the donor and recipient of blood product only reported to us that data relate to the erythrocyte blood group system ABO and the Rh 1 antigen. We therefore found it expedient to carry out erythrocyte phenotyping in the ABO, RH and KELL blood group systems in the donor and recipient of blood products at the CHU of Yaoundé. A descriptive, transversal and prospective study was carried out at the blood bank of the CHU of Yaoundé over 6 months, from June 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. It was interested in the donorOriginal Research Article Chemegni et al.; IBRR, 11(1): 31-37, 2020; Article no.IBRR.56051 32 recipient couples of blood within which the recipient was a patient hospitalized at the CHU. Laboratory analyses of donor and recipient blood samples have allowed us to have the phenotypes in the ABO, RH, and KELL blood group systems. In the ABO system, the phenotypes obtained were 4: A1, A1B, B and O at 27.27%, 2.27%, 13.64% and 56.82% respectively among donors and 31.82%, 2.27%, 13.64% and 52.27% among recipients. In addition, from the Rhesus system, there were 5 phenotypes in donors: D + C + E + c + e +, D + C + E-c + e +, D + C-E + c + e +, D + CE-c + e +, DCE-c + e + respectively at 2.27%, 11.36%, 9.09%, 75.00% and 2.27% and in recipients 4 phenotypes, namely: D + C + E + c + e +, D + C-E + c + e +, D + CE-c + e +, DCE-c + e + at 15.91%, 27.27%, 54.55% and 2.27% respectively. In the KELL system, the K antigen was present in 4.55% of donors and 2.27% of recipients. An antigen supply from the donor to the recipient was evaluated at 6.82% for C, 4.54% for E, 2.27% for K and 2.27% for K, C, E at the same time. This gave us an estimate of the average risk of alloimmunization at 15.9%. Erythrocyte phenotyping would therefore be of major benefit during blood transfusion and would considerably prevent the risks of alloimmunization.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78695111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-27DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130122
T. Abiye, Stanley Rosemary Oluchi, Ezeugwu Sampson Ibekwe, Chimenem Simple Tamuno-Opubo
Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy that has been related with significant mortality in Nigeria. Knowledge on cause, prevention and risk factors are important for adequate control of the occurrence of SCD. Methods: A cross sectional study on the awareness of SCD was carried out among undergraduate students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 146 students. Results: The study showed that 97.9% claim to have heard about sickle cell, while 68.5% indicated that the source of information on sickle cell was in school. One hundred and twenty-seven (87%) indicated that SCD describes abnormal blood cells. In 68.5% the source of information on SCD was in school. Only 42% had a good awareness on SCD. Students of male gender, of less than 20 years, with less average family income were more likely to have poor awareness of SCD. Conclusion: The study shows the need for improved awareness on SCD and increased awareness campaigns on every available media platform.
{"title":"Knowledge of Sickle Cell Disease among University Students in Port Harcourt","authors":"T. Abiye, Stanley Rosemary Oluchi, Ezeugwu Sampson Ibekwe, Chimenem Simple Tamuno-Opubo","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy that has been related with significant mortality in Nigeria. Knowledge on cause, prevention and risk factors are important for adequate control of the occurrence of SCD. \u0000Methods: A cross sectional study on the awareness of SCD was carried out among undergraduate students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 146 students. \u0000Results: The study showed that 97.9% claim to have heard about sickle cell, while 68.5% indicated that the source of information on sickle cell was in school. One hundred and twenty-seven (87%) indicated that SCD describes abnormal blood cells. In 68.5% the source of information on SCD was in school. Only 42% had a good awareness on SCD. Students of male gender, of less than 20 years, with less average family income were more likely to have poor awareness of SCD. \u0000Conclusion: The study shows the need for improved awareness on SCD and increased awareness campaigns on every available media platform.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80330722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130121
B. Chinko, F. Amah-Tariah
Introduction: Haemostasis refers to the arrest of bleeding due to vascular damage and involves the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways which converge at the point of fibrin activation to stop or minimize blood loss. Amaranthus hybridus contains a while range of nutritional, chemical and phytochemical constituents which gives it wide range of applications in folk medicine. Aim: To evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on blood platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using Wistar rat models. Methodology: Twenty Four (24) adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into three (3) groups of eight (8) animals each. Oral administration of distilled water for the control group and ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus at 30 and 60 mg/kg lasted for twenty eight (28) days. Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined using standard laboratory methods. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus significantly increased platelet count at 30 mg and 60 mg/kg compared to the control animals (p<0.05). Also, it significantly reduced prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at 30 and 60 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner compared to control animals (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that ethanolic extract of Amaranthus hybridus may have enhanced haemostasis as demonstrated by increased platelet count and reduced prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) time.
{"title":"Haemostatic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on Wistar Rats","authors":"B. Chinko, F. Amah-Tariah","doi":"10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ibrr/2020/v11i130121","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Haemostasis refers to the arrest of bleeding due to vascular damage and involves the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways which converge at the point of fibrin activation to stop or minimize blood loss. Amaranthus hybridus contains a while range of nutritional, chemical and phytochemical constituents which gives it wide range of applications in folk medicine. \u0000Aim: To evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on blood platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using Wistar rat models. \u0000Methodology: Twenty Four (24) adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into three (3) groups of eight (8) animals each. Oral administration of distilled water for the control group and ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus at 30 and 60 mg/kg lasted for twenty eight (28) days. Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined using standard laboratory methods. \u0000Results: Ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus significantly increased platelet count at 30 mg and 60 mg/kg compared to the control animals (p<0.05). Also, it significantly reduced prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at 30 and 60 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner compared to control animals (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The study shows that ethanolic extract of Amaranthus hybridus may have enhanced haemostasis as demonstrated by increased platelet count and reduced prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) time.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73861601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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