Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230147
B. S. Mbeera, S. O. Akwuebu, A. C. Ezimah, N. Ibeh, E. Eze
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in some haematological parameters in sickle cell anaemia subjects in Rivers State. Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, between the months of February and August, 2020. Methodology: A total of four hundred and fifty (450) subjects with age range of 1-50 years were randomly selected. There are about 200 registered patients (adults and children alike) at the sickle cell clinics of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, and the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, with an average of 4 new patients per month. The sample size was obtained using a prevalence of sickle cell anaemia of 2% and the sample size was calculated using Cochran sample size formula. Five milliliters (5ml) of venous blood sample was withdrawn from the peripheral vein in the upper limb of subjects using a standard venipuncture technique. The sample was rocked gently to mix and kept at room temperature and the haematological parameters were analyzed within 4 hours of samples collection. The haematological parameters: total white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Haematocrit, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW-CV), Platelet count (PLT), MPV, Neutrophils, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophils, and Basophils) were analyzed using Mindray BC-6800 auto Haematology analyzer system. Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Analyses System SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA) and p values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed the mean comparison of haematological parameters in sickle cell anaemia and control subjects. The mean comparison of Haemoglobin F was significantly reduced statistically (p<.05) in vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) condition than steady state compared with the control group. There was increase trend of haematological parameters showing statistically significant difference across the subject conditions compared with the control. There were exceptions in few cases especially in lymphocytes which was not significant (p>.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis compared with the control. Similarly, Neutrophils was not significant (p>.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis compared with the control. Furthermore, Basophils was more significant (p<.05) in the steady state than in the vaso-occlusive crisis and control groups. Similarly, absolute eosinophil was less significant statistically (p<.05) in the steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis than in the control group. Conclusion: This study has shown that there are changes in haemtological parameters between SCA subjects and control subjects a
目的:本研究的目的是评估河流州镰状细胞性贫血患者的一些血液学参数的变化。研究设计:本研究为横断面观察性研究。学习地点和时间:2020年2月至8月,河流州哈科特港教学医院大学和巴耶尔萨州叶纳戈阿联邦医疗中心。方法:随机选取年龄在1-50岁之间的450名受试者。在哈科特港大学教学医院的镰状细胞门诊和叶纳戈阿联邦医疗中心登记的病人(成人和儿童)约有200人,平均每月有4名新病人。样本量以镰状细胞性贫血患病率为2%计算,样本量采用科克伦样本量公式计算。采用标准静脉穿刺技术从受试者上肢外周静脉抽取5毫升静脉血样本。样品在室温下轻轻摇晃混合,并在样品采集后4小时内分析血液学参数。采用迈瑞BC-6800全自动血液学分析系统,分析血液学参数:白细胞总数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、红细胞压积(hematocrit)、平均细胞体积(MCV)、平均细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW-CV)、血小板计数(PLT)、MPV、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。数据管理和统计分析采用SAS 9.4统计分析系统(SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA), p值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:结果显示镰状细胞贫血患者血液学参数与对照组的平均比较。与对照组相比,稳定状态和血管闭塞危象血红蛋白F的平均比较显著降低(p. 0.05)。与对照组相比,中性粒细胞在稳定状态和血管闭塞危象中无显著性差异(p> 0.05)。此外,稳定状态下的嗜碱性粒细胞比血管闭塞危象组和对照组更显著(p< 0.05)。同样,与对照组相比,稳定状态和血管闭塞危象组绝对嗜酸性粒细胞的差异也没有统计学意义(p< 0.05)。结论:本研究表明,SCA受试者与对照组、VOC与稳态镰状细胞贫血(SCA)受试者之间的血液学参数存在变化。
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Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202104.0517.V1
E. Vorozheikina, M. Ruiz, M. Solari, Dmitry Ostasevich, L. Mendoza
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a novel immunotherapy that has shown remarkable success in the treatment of adult relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, adult R/R mantle cell lymphoma, and R/R acute paediatric lymphoblastic leukaemia. One barrier to the widespread use of CAR T-cell therapy is toxicity, primarily cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with a variable grade of severity. The main manifestations of CRS are fever, hypotension, cytopenia, organ dysfunction among others. Neurological toxicities vary widely and range from headaches to encephalopathy. In addition, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy provokes an array of less frequent events, such as coagulopathies, delayed cytopenia, and cardiovascular toxicities. In general, toxicities are usually reversible and resolve on their own in most cases, though severe cases may require intensive care and immunosuppressive therapy. Deaths due to CRS, neurologic toxicity and infectious complications have been reported, which highlights the gravity of these syndromes and the critical nature of appropriate intervention. In this paper, we look at all available FDA- and EMA-approved information about the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, risk factor reviews of existing toxicity grading systems, current management strategies, and guidelines for anti-CD19 CAR T-cell toxicities. We also present new approaches, which are under investigation, to mitigate these adverse events.
抗cd19嵌合抗原受体(CAR) t细胞是一种新的免疫疗法,在治疗成人复发或难治性(R/R) b细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤、成人R/R套细胞淋巴瘤和R/R急性儿科淋巴细胞白血病方面取得了显著成功。广泛使用CAR - t细胞疗法的一个障碍是毒性,主要是具有不同严重程度的细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)。CRS主要表现为发热、低血压、细胞减少、脏器功能障碍等。神经毒性变化很大,范围从头痛到脑病。此外,抗cd19 CAR - t细胞疗法会引发一系列不太常见的事件,如凝血功能障碍、延迟性细胞减少症和心血管毒性。一般来说,毒性通常是可逆的,在大多数情况下可自行消退,但严重的病例可能需要重症监护和免疫抑制治疗。由于CRS、神经毒性和感染并发症造成的死亡已被报道,这突出了这些综合征的严重性和适当干预的关键性质。在本文中,我们研究了所有FDA和ema批准的关于病理生理学、临床表现、现有毒性分级系统的风险因素审查、当前管理策略和抗cd19 CAR - t细胞毒性指南的信息。我们还提出了新的方法,正在研究中,以减轻这些不良事件。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230146
L. Ngolet, Chelsea Jayne Bango, Peggy Mawandza, A. Dokekias
We evaluated the treatment of morphine by intravenous patient controlled analgesia versus intermittent subcutaneous routes on patients with sickle cell disease developing severe vasoocclusivecrisis. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) versus intermittent subcutaneous injection of morphine (SC) on sickle cell patients developing severe vaso-occlusive crisis during the first 24 hours of admission. The secondary objective was to assess the side effects of morphine in both regimens. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of 77 patients in the PCA and 81 in the SC group was conducted at the Sickle Cell Center of Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo. Participants aged from 15 to 45 years old with severe vaso-occlusive crisis were included in the study. Results: Both regimens provided pain relief. However, a significant pain reduction was observed 30 minutes after the administration of morphine in the PCA group (P= 0.001). The mean scores in the Original Research Article Ngolet et al.; IBRR, 12(2): 7-13, 2021; Article no.IBRR.65227 8 PCA and SC regimens were respectively: 1.16±1.40 and 4.30±2.32. The total median dose of morphine administered in the PCA regimen was markedly lower: 24,6±4,16 mg versus 36.6±3.1 mg in the SC group (P=0.01). Morphine administered by PCA provided pain relief during 24 hours while intermittent severe pain was experienced in the SC group (P=0.014). Sedation score S2, S3 was significantly observed in the SC group (P< 0.05).
我们评估了静脉注射吗啡与间歇皮下注射吗啡对镰状细胞病患者并发严重血管闭合性危机的治疗效果。目的:主要目的是比较静脉自控镇痛(PCA)与间歇性皮下注射吗啡(SC)对入院前24小时出现严重血管闭塞危像的镰状细胞患者的治疗效果。次要目的是评估吗啡在两种治疗方案中的副作用。方法:在刚果共和国布拉柴维尔镰状细胞中心对77例PCA患者和81例SC患者进行了随机对照试验。参与者年龄在15至45岁之间,有严重的血管闭塞危像。结果:两种治疗方案均能缓解疼痛。然而,PCA组在吗啡给药30分钟后疼痛明显减轻(P= 0.001)。原始研究文章Ngolet et al.;中国生物医学工程学报,12(2):7-13,2021;文章no.IBRR。PCA和SC方案分别为:1.16±1.40和4.30±2.32。PCA组吗啡总中位剂量为24.6±4.16 mg,明显低于SC组36.6±3.1 mg (P=0.01)。PCA给药吗啡能在24小时内缓解疼痛,SC组出现间歇性剧烈疼痛(P=0.014)。SC组患者镇静评分S2、S3差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。
{"title":"Which Strategy to Manage Severe Vaso-occlusive Crisis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Countries with Limited Healthcare Capacities?","authors":"L. Ngolet, Chelsea Jayne Bango, Peggy Mawandza, A. Dokekias","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230146","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the treatment of morphine by intravenous patient controlled analgesia versus intermittent subcutaneous routes on patients with sickle cell disease developing severe vasoocclusivecrisis. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) versus intermittent subcutaneous injection of morphine (SC) on sickle cell patients developing severe vaso-occlusive crisis during the first 24 hours of admission. The secondary objective was to assess the side effects of morphine in both regimens. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of 77 patients in the PCA and 81 in the SC group was conducted at the Sickle Cell Center of Brazzaville in the Republic of Congo. Participants aged from 15 to 45 years old with severe vaso-occlusive crisis were included in the study. Results: Both regimens provided pain relief. However, a significant pain reduction was observed 30 minutes after the administration of morphine in the PCA group (P= 0.001). The mean scores in the Original Research Article Ngolet et al.; IBRR, 12(2): 7-13, 2021; Article no.IBRR.65227 8 PCA and SC regimens were respectively: 1.16±1.40 and 4.30±2.32. The total median dose of morphine administered in the PCA regimen was markedly lower: 24,6±4,16 mg versus 36.6±3.1 mg in the SC group (P=0.01). Morphine administered by PCA provided pain relief during 24 hours while intermittent severe pain was experienced in the SC group (P=0.014). Sedation score S2, S3 was significantly observed in the SC group (P< 0.05).","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84962753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-20DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130144
F. E. Siagian
Global systemic fungal infection, including meningeal cryptococcosis caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus spp, continue to rise in number, especially among HIV infected individuals. Infection occur through inhalation of spore which is abundant in the environment. Initially this fungus stay in the lungs for a certain time without causing any symptoms and when the host’s cellular immune status is depleted, it can uses monocyte as a vehicle to take them to the brain, using a mechanism called Trojan Horse mechanism. Normal alveolar macrophage as the first line of innate immune system in the lungs are supposed to phagocytose, internalized and then destroy it inside an organelle named phagolysosome. But Cryptococcus spp seemed to have a built in antiphagocytic mechanism to avoid destruction and even can multiply therein. The interaction between this clever yeast and the host’s phagocytic cells determine the course of the disease.
{"title":"Interaction between Phagocytic Cells with Antiphagocytic Properties of Cryptococcus neoformans: When Love and Hate Collide","authors":"F. E. Siagian","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130144","url":null,"abstract":"Global systemic fungal infection, including meningeal cryptococcosis caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus spp, continue to rise in number, especially among HIV infected individuals. Infection occur through inhalation of spore which is abundant in the environment. Initially this fungus stay in the lungs for a certain time without causing any symptoms and when the host’s cellular immune status is depleted, it can uses monocyte as a vehicle to take them to the brain, using a mechanism called Trojan Horse mechanism. Normal alveolar macrophage as the first line of innate immune system in the lungs are supposed to phagocytose, internalized and then destroy it inside an organelle named phagolysosome. But Cryptococcus spp seemed to have a built in antiphagocytic mechanism to avoid destruction and even can multiply therein. The interaction between this clever yeast and the host’s phagocytic cells determine the course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84399613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-20DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130143
I. Akpan, M. O. Tanimowo, E. Bassey, E. E. Uboh, Rosalyn Imo Afia
Background: There has been an increase in the prevalence of Lymphomas in our environment lately. Thorough literature search reveals a limited number of reports on the prevalence of Lymphoma and no information on the clinicopathologic pattern and outcome of treatment of this disease in our centre. Data on the burden of Lymphoma across different regions are important, as Original Research Article Akpan et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 28-40, 2021; Article no.IBRR.65104 29 there may be variation in incidence in different locations even within the same country. This will keep healthcare providers informed about the current trend of Lymphomas in the region and facilitate prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment as well as assist Government agencies in better healthcare planning. Aim: To determine the burden, clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcome of Lymphoma among a cohort of adult patients accessing care in a Referral Hospital in Southern Nigeria Methods: This was a longitudinal prospective study of all lymphoma cases managed in the Department of Haematology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 Results: There were 59 cases. Forty 40 (67.8%) were males and 19(32.2%)were females giving a male to female ratio of 4.4:1. Hodgkin Lymphoma(HL) accounted for 11(18.6%) of the cases while Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL) accounted for 48( 81.4%)of the cases , with the mean ages for HL and NHL patients being 32.09 +9.22 years and 40.88 + 12.21 years, respectively. The distribution of the different histologic subtypes of the malignancy were as follows: HL; Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant(7cases;63.6%), Nodular Sclerosis(2 cases;18.2%) and Lymphocyte Depleted(2 cases;18.2%). NHL; Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma(23cases;47.9%),Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma(15 cases;31.3%),unspecified (4 cases;8.3%), Follicular Lymphoma(2 cases;4.2%),Lymphoblastic Lymphoma(2 cases;4.2%), Mantle Cell Lymphoma(1 case;2.1%) and Adult T-Cell Lymphoma(1 case;2.1%). Fourteen 14 (29.2%) out of all the NHL patients had immunohistochemistry and only nine 9 of them were CD20 positive. Relapse rate among the cohort was 11.9% (7/59), while 15.3% (9/59) were still in remission. The cure rate was 5.1%, loss to follow up was 22.0% and 37.3% of patients died in the course of therapy either from advanced disease, non -compliance to treatment or late presentation. All the HL patients received ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine) regimen alone. Majority of the NHL patients (91.7%, 44/48) received CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Oncovin and Prednisolone) regimen alone, while 8.3% (4/48) received Rituximab with CHOP (R-CHOP). Conclusion: The clinicopathological profile, age and sex distribution of lymphoma in our study were comparable to those reported by other authors with nodular lymphocyte predominant being the most common HL histologic subtype and small lymphocytic lymphoma the predominant NHL histologic subtype in our enviro
{"title":"Adult Lymphomas in a Tertiary Hospital in South – South Nigeria: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcome","authors":"I. Akpan, M. O. Tanimowo, E. Bassey, E. E. Uboh, Rosalyn Imo Afia","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130143","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been an increase in the prevalence of Lymphomas in our environment lately. Thorough literature search reveals a limited number of reports on the prevalence of Lymphoma and no information on the clinicopathologic pattern and outcome of treatment of this disease in our centre. Data on the burden of Lymphoma across different regions are important, as Original Research Article Akpan et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 28-40, 2021; Article no.IBRR.65104 29 there may be variation in incidence in different locations even within the same country. This will keep healthcare providers informed about the current trend of Lymphomas in the region and facilitate prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment as well as assist Government agencies in better healthcare planning. Aim: To determine the burden, clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment outcome of Lymphoma among a cohort of adult patients accessing care in a Referral Hospital in Southern Nigeria Methods: This was a longitudinal prospective study of all lymphoma cases managed in the Department of Haematology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 Results: There were 59 cases. Forty 40 (67.8%) were males and 19(32.2%)were females giving a male to female ratio of 4.4:1. Hodgkin Lymphoma(HL) accounted for 11(18.6%) of the cases while Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL) accounted for 48( 81.4%)of the cases , with the mean ages for HL and NHL patients being 32.09 +9.22 years and 40.88 + 12.21 years, respectively. The distribution of the different histologic subtypes of the malignancy were as follows: HL; Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant(7cases;63.6%), Nodular Sclerosis(2 cases;18.2%) and Lymphocyte Depleted(2 cases;18.2%). NHL; Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma(23cases;47.9%),Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma(15 cases;31.3%),unspecified (4 cases;8.3%), Follicular Lymphoma(2 cases;4.2%),Lymphoblastic Lymphoma(2 cases;4.2%), Mantle Cell Lymphoma(1 case;2.1%) and Adult T-Cell Lymphoma(1 case;2.1%). Fourteen 14 (29.2%) out of all the NHL patients had immunohistochemistry and only nine 9 of them were CD20 positive. Relapse rate among the cohort was 11.9% (7/59), while 15.3% (9/59) were still in remission. The cure rate was 5.1%, loss to follow up was 22.0% and 37.3% of patients died in the course of therapy either from advanced disease, non -compliance to treatment or late presentation. All the HL patients received ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine) regimen alone. Majority of the NHL patients (91.7%, 44/48) received CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Oncovin and Prednisolone) regimen alone, while 8.3% (4/48) received Rituximab with CHOP (R-CHOP). Conclusion: The clinicopathological profile, age and sex distribution of lymphoma in our study were comparable to those reported by other authors with nodular lymphocyte predominant being the most common HL histologic subtype and small lymphocytic lymphoma the predominant NHL histologic subtype in our enviro","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88653658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130142
S. Ako, Bimabam Josiah, Oscar Sakwe, Tembong Nerville, V. Ndassi
Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy represents a life-threatening but preventable reason for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality. Although intervention measures are practiced in most affected countries like Cameroon, the impact of anemia on pregnant women is still apparent in most local communities. The relative contribution of sociodemographic related to anemia throughout gestation varies greatly and warrants investigation in urban and rural communities in developing countries, where the condition is most apparent. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out from February to July 2019 at six sites, Original Research Article Ako et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 20-27, 2021; Article no.IBRR.60708 21 Regional Hospital Buea, Bokwango Integrated Health Center (IHC), Buea Road IHC, Buea town IHC, Molyko IHC, and Great Soppo IHC. A total of 408 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics identified through questionnaires filled by the participants included age, marital status, educational status, occupation, gravida status, alcohol intake, iron folate intake, knowledge on anemia and crave for non-food substance. The clinical factors of participants gathered included previous records of diarrhea within the last 6 months, diagnosis for worm infection for the last 6 months, diagnosis for Malaria for the last 6 months. A blood sample was collected and analyzed with a haemoglobinometer ( HemoCue 201+ system, Sweden). SPSS version 22 statistical package software was used to perform the data analysis. Factors related to anemia among participants unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with their 95%CI were calculated using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 50 %. Among the anemic study participants 0.74 %, 11.76 %, and 37.50 % recorded severe, moderate, and mild levels of anemia respectively. The majority of the anemic participants 195 (95.6%) and 126 (61.8) had recently been diagnosed for Malaria and worm infections respectively. Craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) and poor adherence to iron folate intake had a prevalence of 120 (58.8%) and 117 (57.4%) respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that, irregular adherence to iron folate intake and reduce intake of iron folate frequency 2-3 times/week was statistically significantly associated with anemia (p=0.0001 and p= 0.0001 respectively). We equally observed a statistically significant association of alcohol drink consumption and craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) with anemia (p=0.004 and p=0.0001 respectively). Cases of worm infection for the last 6 months were statistically significantly related to anemia (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Anemia is high among pregnant women in the Buea health district. Factors associated with persistent anemia despite intervention measures in the community hospitals include malaria; no intake or reduced intake of iron folate; alcohol drinks consumption; craving for no
{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated to Persistent Anemia among Pregnant Women in the Buea Health District, Cameroon","authors":"S. Ako, Bimabam Josiah, Oscar Sakwe, Tembong Nerville, V. Ndassi","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy represents a life-threatening but preventable reason for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality. Although intervention measures are practiced in most affected countries like Cameroon, the impact of anemia on pregnant women is still apparent in most local communities. The relative contribution of sociodemographic related to anemia throughout gestation varies greatly and warrants investigation in urban and rural communities in developing countries, where the condition is most apparent. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out from February to July 2019 at six sites, Original Research Article Ako et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 20-27, 2021; Article no.IBRR.60708 21 Regional Hospital Buea, Bokwango Integrated Health Center (IHC), Buea Road IHC, Buea town IHC, Molyko IHC, and Great Soppo IHC. A total of 408 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics identified through questionnaires filled by the participants included age, marital status, educational status, occupation, gravida status, alcohol intake, iron folate intake, knowledge on anemia and crave for non-food substance. The clinical factors of participants gathered included previous records of diarrhea within the last 6 months, diagnosis for worm infection for the last 6 months, diagnosis for Malaria for the last 6 months. A blood sample was collected and analyzed with a haemoglobinometer ( HemoCue 201+ system, Sweden). SPSS version 22 statistical package software was used to perform the data analysis. Factors related to anemia among participants unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with their 95%CI were calculated using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 50 %. Among the anemic study participants 0.74 %, 11.76 %, and 37.50 % recorded severe, moderate, and mild levels of anemia respectively. The majority of the anemic participants 195 (95.6%) and 126 (61.8) had recently been diagnosed for Malaria and worm infections respectively. Craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) and poor adherence to iron folate intake had a prevalence of 120 (58.8%) and 117 (57.4%) respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that, irregular adherence to iron folate intake and reduce intake of iron folate frequency 2-3 times/week was statistically significantly associated with anemia (p=0.0001 and p= 0.0001 respectively). We equally observed a statistically significant association of alcohol drink consumption and craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) with anemia (p=0.004 and p=0.0001 respectively). Cases of worm infection for the last 6 months were statistically significantly related to anemia (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Anemia is high among pregnant women in the Buea health district. Factors associated with persistent anemia despite intervention measures in the community hospitals include malaria; no intake or reduced intake of iron folate; alcohol drinks consumption; craving for no","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130141
D. Onyejike, Winifred Chidera McWilliams, Chidinma Ifeyinwa Mmaju, Somadina Nnamdi Okeke, I. Obiesie, C. Eze
Introduction: Goko cleanser is one of the popular herbal mixtures used by the Nigerian populace. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of this herbal mixture on some haematological parameters of adult female Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of twenty five Wistar rats weighing about 160 – 280g were divided into five groups according to their corresponding weights. The groups were designated as groups 1 – 5. Group 1 served as the control group, while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 1000mg/Kg, 1500mg/Kg, 2000mg/Kg and 4000mg/Kg respectively. Results: The TWBC, PCV, PLATELET count, and RBC and Hb showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase for the test groups 2 – 5 when compared to the control group. The body weight Original Research Article Onyejike et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 8-19, 2021; Article no.IBRR.64122 9 had a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in groups 2, 4, and 5; while group 3 had a statistically insignificant (p>0.05) decrease. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that Goko Cleanser contains some haemopoietic benefits, but inhibit appetite centres. Hence, this study recommends that further study be carried out on the effects of this herbal mixture on the brain so as to reveal the extent of its effect on the appetite centres.
{"title":"Haematological Study on the Effects of Goko Cleanser (Herbal Mixture) on Adult Female Wistar Rats","authors":"D. Onyejike, Winifred Chidera McWilliams, Chidinma Ifeyinwa Mmaju, Somadina Nnamdi Okeke, I. Obiesie, C. Eze","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130141","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Goko cleanser is one of the popular herbal mixtures used by the Nigerian populace. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of this herbal mixture on some haematological parameters of adult female Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of twenty five Wistar rats weighing about 160 – 280g were divided into five groups according to their corresponding weights. The groups were designated as groups 1 – 5. Group 1 served as the control group, while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 1000mg/Kg, 1500mg/Kg, 2000mg/Kg and 4000mg/Kg respectively. Results: The TWBC, PCV, PLATELET count, and RBC and Hb showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase for the test groups 2 – 5 when compared to the control group. The body weight Original Research Article Onyejike et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 8-19, 2021; Article no.IBRR.64122 9 had a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in groups 2, 4, and 5; while group 3 had a statistically insignificant (p>0.05) decrease. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that Goko Cleanser contains some haemopoietic benefits, but inhibit appetite centres. Hence, this study recommends that further study be carried out on the effects of this herbal mixture on the brain so as to reveal the extent of its effect on the appetite centres.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":"8-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75778862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130140
I. R. Gidado, I. Okonko, F. Osundare, O. Opaleye
Aim: Co-infection of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses may lead to severe morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of co-infection of HBV and HEV among animal and non-animal handlers in Osun State, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Nigeria, between June 2015 and July 2019. Methods: A total of 180 blood samples were obtained and screened for Hepatitis B and E virus from cohorts of 90 animal handlers and 90 non-animal handlers. Questionnaires on HBV and HEV were administered to obtain a demographic characteristic of the participants. HBsAg and anti-HEV antibodies were screened using HBsAg and HEV ELISA kits. Results: Results showed the overall prevalence of HBV and HEV Co-infection to be 12.2 %. There was variation in the HBV/HEV co-infections rates among the studied population, with a co-infection Original Research Article Gidado et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 1-7, 2021; Article no.IBRR.60756 2 rates of 15.9%, 14.3% and 7.8% for butchers, pig handlers and non-animal handlers, respectively. Sources of drinking water was the predisposition factor for HBV/HEV coinfections (P=0.02). The results revealed that subjects who used tap and river as a drinking water source had the highest prevalence followed by well and sachet and then all water source. Although results portray no statistically significant association with, frequent washing of hands after, rearing of animal, type of toilet, eating of pork, consumption of grilled meat and cow skin (P> 0.05). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of HBV/HEV coinfections among animal and non-animal handlers in Osun State, Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need to increase health promotion efforts such as immunization, health education, campaign, provision of adequate blood screening equipment and proper hygiene is recommended for further reduction in HBV/HEV transmission. Since the consumption of contaminated water is the main transmission route of HEV, improving the level of public health sanitation in the area should be considered a priority by policymakers.
{"title":"HBV and HEV Co-infections among Animal Handlers and Non-Animal Handlers in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"I. R. Gidado, I. Okonko, F. Osundare, O. Opaleye","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I130140","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Co-infection of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses may lead to severe morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine prevalence of co-infection of HBV and HEV among animal and non-animal handlers in Osun State, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Nigeria, between June 2015 and July 2019. Methods: A total of 180 blood samples were obtained and screened for Hepatitis B and E virus from cohorts of 90 animal handlers and 90 non-animal handlers. Questionnaires on HBV and HEV were administered to obtain a demographic characteristic of the participants. HBsAg and anti-HEV antibodies were screened using HBsAg and HEV ELISA kits. Results: Results showed the overall prevalence of HBV and HEV Co-infection to be 12.2 %. There was variation in the HBV/HEV co-infections rates among the studied population, with a co-infection Original Research Article Gidado et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 1-7, 2021; Article no.IBRR.60756 2 rates of 15.9%, 14.3% and 7.8% for butchers, pig handlers and non-animal handlers, respectively. Sources of drinking water was the predisposition factor for HBV/HEV coinfections (P=0.02). The results revealed that subjects who used tap and river as a drinking water source had the highest prevalence followed by well and sachet and then all water source. Although results portray no statistically significant association with, frequent washing of hands after, rearing of animal, type of toilet, eating of pork, consumption of grilled meat and cow skin (P> 0.05). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of HBV/HEV coinfections among animal and non-animal handlers in Osun State, Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need to increase health promotion efforts such as immunization, health education, campaign, provision of adequate blood screening equipment and proper hygiene is recommended for further reduction in HBV/HEV transmission. Since the consumption of contaminated water is the main transmission route of HEV, improving the level of public health sanitation in the area should be considered a priority by policymakers.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"148 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88102290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230145
G. Aoun, P. Aoun, Wissam Sharrouf, Abbass El-Outa
Anemia is a condition of decreased red blood cell number or hemoglobin concentration, or of disturbance in their function, ultimately leading to decreased oxygen transport to tissues. Many factors and diseases may lead to anemia, with wide manifestations systemically as well as orally. Therefore, a sound understanding of this condition is essential for the dental practitioner, with emphasis on alerting signs, dental management and proper communication with patient’s physician.
{"title":"Anemia: Considerations for the Dental Practitioner","authors":"G. Aoun, P. Aoun, Wissam Sharrouf, Abbass El-Outa","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2021/V12I230145","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is a condition of decreased red blood cell number or hemoglobin concentration, or of disturbance in their function, ultimately leading to decreased oxygen transport to tissues. Many factors and diseases may lead to anemia, with wide manifestations systemically as well as orally. Therefore, a sound understanding of this condition is essential for the dental practitioner, with emphasis on alerting signs, dental management and proper communication with patient’s physician.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87976649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.9734/IBRR/2020/V11I430138
Sammya Bhowmick, C. Mishra, S. Arulselvi, Tushar Sehgal
Lymphatic filariasis is a vector borne infection classified under the WHO category of Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It is a major public health concern globally. This study describes this vector-borne infection in a young pregnant lady, a known case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on chemotherapy. Such an association is hitherto unreported.
{"title":"An Asymptomatic Tropical Infection in a Pregnancy Complicated by a Hematological Neoplasm-accidental Passenger or Effect of Immunosuppression?","authors":"Sammya Bhowmick, C. Mishra, S. Arulselvi, Tushar Sehgal","doi":"10.9734/IBRR/2020/V11I430138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/IBRR/2020/V11I430138","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphatic filariasis is a vector borne infection classified under the WHO category of Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It is a major public health concern globally. This study describes this vector-borne infection in a young pregnant lady, a known case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on chemotherapy. Such an association is hitherto unreported.","PeriodicalId":13659,"journal":{"name":"International Blood Research & Reviews","volume":"53 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79140664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}