Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-68-75
V. I. Poddubnyy
Mathematical modeling of motion allows at the design stage to assess the impact of the design and operational parameters of tracked vehicles on their performance, determine the qualitative and quantitative performance indicators, and consider controllability issues. The use of the RecurDyn application with a library of specialized extension packages allows to obtain a mathematical model of the vehicle, taking into account its design with a specified degree of detail. A model of a tracked vehicle with a torsion bar suspension was developed using the Professional extension packs and the Track (HM) library of the Toolkit extension package. It allows simulating standard maneuvers on various supporting surfaces. The CoLink extension package implements a control model that ensures the movement of the tracked vehicle along a given trajectory. The basis for the development of the motion control model is a technique based on predicting the position of the vehicle after a given forecast time. As a control, the speed difference between the leading and lagging tracks was adopted. It ensures movement along a given trajectory. The difference in speeds ∆V is determined using PID regulation by the values of the lateral deviation of the vehicle from the given trajectory and the angular deviation of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle from the tangent to the trajectory in the predicted position. The control model allows to simulate the movement of a vehicle with a differential and a planetary rotation mechanism. The simulation of movement along a circular trajectory and the snake maneuver was carried out. The movement of a tracked vehicle with a planetary steering mechanism on a solid support surface with a friction 0.7 coefficient was simulated. Based on the simulation results, a conclusion about the adequacy of the mathematical model of the tracked vehicle and the performance of the presented motion control model was made. The developed model allows simulating various maneuvers of a tracked vehicle to assess the stability of movement and controllability, to determine the rational parameters of the tracked mover based on the results of simulation of movement at various heights of irregularities and speeds of movement.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the movement of a tracked vehicle using the RecurDyn application package","authors":"V. I. Poddubnyy","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-68-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling of motion allows at the design stage to assess the impact of the design and operational parameters of tracked vehicles on their performance, determine the qualitative and quantitative performance indicators, and consider controllability issues. The use of the RecurDyn application with a library of specialized extension packages allows to obtain a mathematical model of the vehicle, taking into account its design with a specified degree of detail. A model of a tracked vehicle with a torsion bar suspension was developed using the Professional extension packs and the Track (HM) library of the Toolkit extension package. It allows simulating standard maneuvers on various supporting surfaces. The CoLink extension package implements a control model that ensures the movement of the tracked vehicle along a given trajectory. The basis for the development of the motion control model is a technique based on predicting the position of the vehicle after a given forecast time. As a control, the speed difference between the leading and lagging tracks was adopted. It ensures movement along a given trajectory. The difference in speeds ∆V is determined using PID regulation by the values of the lateral deviation of the vehicle from the given trajectory and the angular deviation of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle from the tangent to the trajectory in the predicted position. The control model allows to simulate the movement of a vehicle with a differential and a planetary rotation mechanism. The simulation of movement along a circular trajectory and the snake maneuver was carried out. The movement of a tracked vehicle with a planetary steering mechanism on a solid support surface with a friction 0.7 coefficient was simulated. \u0000Based on the simulation results, a conclusion about the adequacy of the mathematical model of the tracked vehicle and the performance of the presented motion control model was made. The developed model allows simulating various maneuvers of a tracked vehicle to assess the stability of movement and controllability, to determine the rational parameters of the tracked mover based on the results of simulation of movement at various heights of irregularities and speeds of movement.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131064211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-99-104
N. V. Titov, A. V. Kolomeychenko, Victor V. Vinogradov, A. S. Kolomeychenko
The article describes the rational technology of carbo-vibro-arc hardening (CVAH) developed by the authors using a multicomponent paste of the working surfaces of the pointed paw of tillage machinery. An economic assessment of the feasibility of using CVAH for strengthening pointed paws was carried out. PG-FBKh6-2 powder was used for research as the basis of a multicomponent paste for CVAH. The boron carbide B4C served as a ceramic component of the paste, the mass content of cryolite was 10 %. CVAH was carried out on a VDGU-2 installation. A carbon electrode of 8 mm in diameter was used to form reinforcing composite coatings. The implementation of developed technology involves firstly the cleaning of working part of the paw. Then a multicomponent paste is prepared, it is applied to the surfaces, hardened and dried until cured. After it the CVAH is done with the formation of a composite coating and the resulting coating is monitored. The rational composition of the multicomponent paste according to the results of a set of studies should be as follows: PG-FBH6-2 powder 60 % by weight, B4C 30 % by weight, cryolite the rest. Rational CVAH modes: current strength 70 ... 80 A, carbon electrode vibration frequency 25 Hz, electrode vibration amplitude 1,1 mm. The thickness of the formed reinforcing composite coating is 0,91,0 mm, and its hardness is 7072 HRC. The developed technology, due to low additional capital investments, can be used both in small workshops of farms and in the conditions of specialized repair and restoration enterprises. The calculation of the economic efficiency of the developed technology for strengthening pointed paws showed that the expected annual economic effect from the introduction of the technology will be 120, 191 rubles with the hardening of 430 blades of KShU-12N cultivators. Thus, the developed technology is economically feasible and can be recommended for implementation in production.
{"title":"Economic feasibility of using the technology of carbon-vibro-arc hardening for hardening the pointed paws of tillage machinery","authors":"N. V. Titov, A. V. Kolomeychenko, Victor V. Vinogradov, A. S. Kolomeychenko","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-99-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-99-104","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the rational technology of carbo-vibro-arc hardening (CVAH) developed by the authors using a multicomponent paste of the working surfaces of the pointed paw of tillage machinery. An economic assessment of the feasibility of using CVAH for strengthening pointed paws was carried out. PG-FBKh6-2 powder was used for research as the basis of a multicomponent paste for CVAH. The boron carbide B4C served as a ceramic component of the paste, the mass content of cryolite was 10 %. CVAH was carried out on a VDGU-2 installation. A carbon electrode of 8 mm in diameter was used to form reinforcing composite coatings. \u0000The implementation of developed technology involves firstly the cleaning of working part of the paw. Then a multicomponent paste is prepared, it is applied to the surfaces, hardened and dried until cured. After it the CVAH is done with the formation of a composite coating and the resulting coating is monitored. The rational composition of the multicomponent paste according to the results of a set of studies should be as follows: PG-FBH6-2 powder 60 % by weight, B4C 30 % by weight, cryolite the rest. Rational CVAH modes: current strength 70 ... 80 A, carbon electrode vibration frequency 25 Hz, electrode vibration amplitude 1,1 mm. The thickness of the formed reinforcing composite coating is 0,91,0 mm, and its hardness is 7072 HRC. The developed technology, due to low additional capital investments, can be used both in small workshops of farms and in the conditions of specialized repair and restoration enterprises. The calculation of the economic efficiency of the developed technology for strengthening pointed paws showed that the expected annual economic effect from the introduction of the technology will be 120, 191 rubles with the hardening of 430 blades of KShU-12N cultivators. Thus, the developed technology is economically feasible and can be recommended for implementation in production.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124294924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-76-81
O. Polivaev, S. N. Pilyaev, Dmitry B. Bolotov
Nowadays an urgent direction in agriculture is the issue of increasing the volume of production. In order to do this, it is necessary to have powerful energy facilities operating at high speed modes. But at the same time, the increased vibrations appear in the tractor transmission, which are transmitted from the soil. These fluctuations negatively affect the units and assemblies of the mobile power plant, lead to an increase in the consumption of fuel and lubricants, a deterioration in the ride smoothness, and also have a negative effect on the health of the vehicle operator. For this reason, it is necessary to improve the design of modern mobile power tools. Analysis of works on this topic has shown that the most effective way to protect against dynamic loads from external influences is the setting of elastic elements in the final link of the transmission. The paper analyzes various designs of elastic damping drives (EDD). The design of the EDD of driving wheels was proposed (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 203460). The proposed blade EDD is rigidly fixed on the wheel disk and has two cavities. The forward stroke cavity is connected to two gas-hydraulic accumulators, one of which has an adjustable throttle, and the second cavity of the return stroke is connected to one gas-hydraulic accumulator. Both cavities of the damper are filled with a magneto-rheological fluid, which viscosity changes by electromagnetic coils, depending on changes in the oscillations of the moment on the semi-axes. The drives were installed on the MTZ-80.1 tractor. The studies were carried out as part of transport and arable units. When working with a transport unit on a dirt road due to the EDD the slipping of the propellers is reduced and the speed of movement is increased by 69 %. When the tractor is plowing, the skidding of the propellers is reduced by 1016 %, and the speed of movement is increased by 712 %. This increases the productivity of the tractor unit by 612 %.
{"title":"Efficiency of use of machine and tractor units operating with elastic damping drives of driving wheels","authors":"O. Polivaev, S. N. Pilyaev, Dmitry B. Bolotov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-76-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-76-81","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays an urgent direction in agriculture is the issue of increasing the volume of production. In order to do this, it is necessary to have powerful energy facilities operating at high speed modes. But at the same time, the increased vibrations appear in the tractor transmission, which are transmitted from the soil. These fluctuations negatively affect the units and assemblies of the mobile power plant, lead to an increase in the consumption of fuel and lubricants, a deterioration in the ride smoothness, and also have a negative effect on the health of the vehicle operator. For this reason, it is necessary to improve the design of modern mobile power tools. \u0000Analysis of works on this topic has shown that the most effective way to protect against dynamic loads from external influences is the setting of elastic elements in the final link of the transmission. The paper analyzes various designs of elastic damping drives (EDD). The design of the EDD of driving wheels was proposed (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 203460). The proposed blade EDD is rigidly fixed on the wheel disk and has two cavities. The forward stroke cavity is connected to two gas-hydraulic accumulators, one of which has an adjustable throttle, and the second cavity of the return stroke is connected to one gas-hydraulic accumulator. Both cavities of the damper are filled with a magneto-rheological fluid, which viscosity changes by electromagnetic coils, depending on changes in the oscillations of the moment on the semi-axes. The drives were installed on the MTZ-80.1 tractor. The studies were carried out as part of transport and arable units. When working with a transport unit on a dirt road due to the EDD the slipping of the propellers is reduced and the speed of movement is increased by 69 %. When the tractor is plowing, the skidding of the propellers is reduced by 1016 %, and the speed of movement is increased by 712 %. This increases the productivity of the tractor unit by 612 %.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130880676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-54-67
K. B. Yevseyev
To increase the cross-country ability of ground trackless vehicles for off-road container transportation by land, it is advisable to use track trains. When moving track trains, it is necessary to ensure high profile cross-country ability when overcoming obstacles in the vertical and horizontal planes. The property of maneuverability determines the ability of track trains to maintain mobility when maneuvering in the plan and depends on the adopted design and layout solutions and static agility. The article examines the maneuverability of track trains for two variants of design and layout solutions: a track single-articulated semi-trailer train and a double-articulated track train. The movement of each of the track trains is compared according to the criterion of energy efficiency, taking into account two methods of turning: kinematic and power turning methods. A variant of the design and layout of a track train was determined. It has better static agility and a smaller overall turning radius. To assess energy efficiency, the method of simulation mathematical modeling is used, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of the driving machine with the support base. The article provides a description of the regulators that are used in the mathematical model and provide the turn of caterpillar trains with a minimum radius. To compare the energy efficiency of performing maneuvers, several design schemes are considered: with one active link or with two active links. A turning method was determined. It is advisable to use it to ensure high turnability of track trains. The effect of the length of the bearing surfaces of caterpillars active links on energy efficiency is determined as well. In addition, the results of a comparison of track trains according to the criterion of energy efficiency are given.
{"title":"Comparative studies on the maneuverability of track trains for transportation of containers","authors":"K. B. Yevseyev","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-54-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-54-67","url":null,"abstract":"To increase the cross-country ability of ground trackless vehicles for off-road container transportation by land, it is advisable to use track trains. When moving track trains, it is necessary to ensure high profile cross-country ability when overcoming obstacles in the vertical and horizontal planes. The property of maneuverability determines the ability of track trains to maintain mobility when maneuvering in the plan and depends on the adopted design and layout solutions and static agility. The article examines the maneuverability of track trains for two variants of design and layout solutions: a track single-articulated semi-trailer train and a double-articulated track train. The movement of each of the track trains is compared according to the criterion of energy efficiency, taking into account two methods of turning: kinematic and power turning methods. \u0000A variant of the design and layout of a track train was determined. It has better static agility and a smaller overall turning radius. \u0000To assess energy efficiency, the method of simulation mathematical modeling is used, taking into account the peculiarities of the interaction of the driving machine with the support base. The article provides a description of the regulators that are used in the mathematical model and provide the turn of caterpillar trains with a minimum radius. To compare the energy efficiency of performing maneuvers, several design schemes are considered: with one active link or with two active links. \u0000A turning method was determined. It is advisable to use it to ensure high turnability of track trains. The effect of the length of the bearing surfaces of caterpillars active links on energy efficiency is determined as well. In addition, the results of a comparison of track trains according to the criterion of energy efficiency are given.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132761050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-29-44
R. L. Gazizullin, Kh. Chzhen, G. O. Kotiyev, B. Kositsyn
An increase in the slipping of a wheel propeller leads both to the energy loss and, up to a certain limit, the traction force increase. In this regard, in order to reduce energy losses for the movement of the vehicle, it is necessary to limit wheel slip at a level sufficient to create the required traction. Most of the existing algorithms aimed at implementing this constraint require information about the vehicle's linear speed. However, measuring the latter with a given accuracy outside laboratory conditions is difficult, which in some cases leads to a malfunction of the control algorithm. Therefore, it is relevant to develop a control method for the traction control system; in particular, for the case of acceleration, which will make it possible to estimate and limit wheel slip within specified limits with unknown characteristics of the supporting surface and the vehicle speed. The article is devoted to the development of a method for assessing and limiting slipping of a wheeled engine at a level sufficient to realize the required tractive forces without using data on the vehicle's linear speed and adhesion properties of the supporting surface. The article describes the mathematical model of the dynamics of the rectilinear movement of the quarter of the vehicle on a solid flat horizontal support surface. Through virtual experiments simulating the acceleration of a quarter of the vehicle with low slip, there was established a relationship between the traction force on the wheel axle and the kinematic parameters of the rotational motion, which are measurable and can be controlled during the movement of the vehicle, for example, using dynamometric wheels. On the basis of the obtained criterion, a regulator was developed to limit wheel slip during vehicle acceleration. The effectiveness of the developed regulator is proved by mathematical modeling of the acceleration of a quarter of the vehicle with different intensities on two types of supporting surfaces. It is also substantiated analytically provided that the wheel slip is constant within the measurement interval. The paper presents an approach to assessing and limiting the slip of the wheels of a vehicle during acceleration using a regulator based on fuzzy logic. A theoretical justification of the proposed method is given. It does not require information about the linear speed of the vehicle and the adhesion properties of a wheel with a supporting surface. An algorithm for the operation of the traction control system was developed. It allows to limit wheel slip at a given level while maintaining a sufficient margin of traction, which leads to a decrease in tire wear, a decrease in the likelihood of loss of mobility and an increase in the energy efficiency of the vehicle.
{"title":"Method of controlling the slipping of a wheel propeller of automobile and tractor","authors":"R. L. Gazizullin, Kh. Chzhen, G. O. Kotiyev, B. Kositsyn","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-29-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-29-44","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the slipping of a wheel propeller leads both to the energy loss and, up to a certain limit, the traction force increase. In this regard, in order to reduce energy losses for the movement of the vehicle, it is necessary to limit wheel slip at a level sufficient to create the required traction. Most of the existing algorithms aimed at implementing this constraint require information about the vehicle's linear speed. However, measuring the latter with a given accuracy outside laboratory conditions is difficult, which in some cases leads to a malfunction of the control algorithm. Therefore, it is relevant to develop a control method for the traction control system; in particular, for the case of acceleration, which will make it possible to estimate and limit wheel slip within specified limits with unknown characteristics of the supporting surface and the vehicle speed. \u0000The article is devoted to the development of a method for assessing and limiting slipping of a wheeled engine at a level sufficient to realize the required tractive forces without using data on the vehicle's linear speed and adhesion properties of the supporting surface. \u0000The article describes the mathematical model of the dynamics of the rectilinear movement of the quarter of the vehicle on a solid flat horizontal support surface. Through virtual experiments simulating the acceleration of a quarter of the vehicle with low slip, there was established a relationship between the traction force on the wheel axle and the kinematic parameters of the rotational motion, which are measurable and can be controlled during the movement of the vehicle, for example, using dynamometric wheels. On the basis of the obtained criterion, a regulator was developed to limit wheel slip during vehicle acceleration. The effectiveness of the developed regulator is proved by mathematical modeling of the acceleration of a quarter of the vehicle with different intensities on two types of supporting surfaces. It is also substantiated analytically provided that the wheel slip is constant within the measurement interval. \u0000The paper presents an approach to assessing and limiting the slip of the wheels of a vehicle during acceleration using a regulator based on fuzzy logic. A theoretical justification of the proposed method is given. It does not require information about the linear speed of the vehicle and the adhesion properties of a wheel with a supporting surface. \u0000An algorithm for the operation of the traction control system was developed. It allows to limit wheel slip at a given level while maintaining a sufficient margin of traction, which leads to a decrease in tire wear, a decrease in the likelihood of loss of mobility and an increase in the energy efficiency of the vehicle.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134308384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-15-28
P. Sirotin
The work is devoted to the development of a method for predicting the technical progress of self-propelled grain and forage harvesters and the substantiation of systems for their implementation. The necessity of improving the existing and developing new methods for predicting the properties of machinery, taking into account the existing features of the agro-industrial enterprises operation, were substantiated. A new technique for the synthesis of the technical appearance of products is proposed with the possibility of identifying the nomenclature of defining parameters based on the actual change in their values, ranking indicators with highlighting the most important of them for each category of business entities, forecasting using fuzzy logic methods, as well as justification of required machine systems of new generations using object-oriented design methods. A description of each of the stages of the forecasting process is given. On the basis of mass-produced grain and forage harvesters in Russia, an analysis of their constructive evolution with the allocation of stable and inherited development criteria has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the actual change in the defining parameters for machinery of the current and previous generations is shown. The technique and the results of forecasting the selected defining parameters are presented. It is shown that the predicted level of properties forms multidirectional requirements, which, from the point of view of implementation on the basis of existing design approaches, are contradictory. Taking into account the existing problems of motion dynamics and vibration loading of the workplace of operators of machinery of the current generation, it is stated that those multidirectional requirements are unattainable. Using the methods of object-oriented analysis, an object-target diagram of classes of possible options for constructing a vibration protection system for machinery of a new generation has been compiled. The relations of inheritance, which established the hierarchical decomposition of goals, were determined. It is shown that it is more expedient to control the selected vibration processes of combines without significant changes in their design and layout by means of systems for dynamic stabilization of the body and vibration isolation of the operator's workplace.
{"title":"Method for predicting the technical appearance of grain and forage harvesters of new generations with a substantiation of the structure of their vibration protection system","authors":"P. Sirotin","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-15-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-15-28","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the development of a method for predicting the technical progress of self-propelled grain and forage harvesters and the substantiation of systems for their implementation. The necessity of improving the existing and developing new methods for predicting the properties of machinery, taking into account the existing features of the agro-industrial enterprises operation, were substantiated. A new technique for the synthesis of the technical appearance of products is proposed with the possibility of identifying the nomenclature of defining parameters based on the actual change in their values, ranking indicators with highlighting the most important of them for each category of business entities, forecasting using fuzzy logic methods, as well as justification of required machine systems of new generations using object-oriented design methods. A description of each of the stages of the forecasting process is given. On the basis of mass-produced grain and forage harvesters in Russia, an analysis of their constructive evolution with the allocation of stable and inherited development criteria has been carried out. A comparative analysis of the actual change in the defining parameters for machinery of the current and previous generations is shown. The technique and the results of forecasting the selected defining parameters are presented. It is shown that the predicted level of properties forms multidirectional requirements, which, from the point of view of implementation on the basis of existing design approaches, are contradictory. Taking into account the existing problems of motion dynamics and vibration loading of the workplace of operators of machinery of the current generation, it is stated that those multidirectional requirements are unattainable. Using the methods of object-oriented analysis, an object-target diagram of classes of possible options for constructing a vibration protection system for machinery of a new generation has been compiled. The relations of inheritance, which established the hierarchical decomposition of goals, were determined. It is shown that it is more expedient to control the selected vibration processes of combines without significant changes in their design and layout by means of systems for dynamic stabilization of the body and vibration isolation of the operator's workplace.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66408
V. Ozhereliev, V. Nikitin
According to the results of laboratory experiments, the optimal angle of inclination of the holes of the lattice bottom of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester is established, which provides maximum separation of free grain from the combed grain heap before it enters the grind chamber. This allows you to minimize the intake of free grain to the threshing device, securely eliminating the probability of crushing the working bodies grind. Studies were carried out on wheat varieties «Moscow 56». The grain moisture content was about 12%. The speed of the conveyor 3 m/s and the angle of inclination to the horizon of 45° correspond to similar parameters for most modern combine harvesters. The angle of inclination of the lattice bottom opening had seven levels of variation within 0-90°. The feed of the combed grain heap was about 10 kg/s with a content of 80 % free grain. The length of the removable grating bottom was 0.95 m, and its rectangular holes had a size of 160×8 mm. To eliminate the effect on the output parameter, the area of the «live section» of the holes of the lattice bottom in all series of the experiment was taken the same. Thus, results of scientific researches, increasing of the angle of inclination amounts of free grain passed through the holes of the bottom lattice is reduced, and the number came down from his grain, on the contrary, increases. The maximum separation of free grain 68,7 % corresponds to the angle of inclination of the holes equal to 0°. To ensure complete separation of free grain from the combed grain heap, the length of the separating surface must be at least 1,18 m. This technical solution can be implemented, for example, in the inclined chamber of the grain harvester KZS-1218 «Polissya GS-12», which has a length of about 1,3 m.
{"title":"To determine the optimal tilt angle of the lattice holes of the bottom of the inclined chamber","authors":"V. Ozhereliev, V. Nikitin","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66408","url":null,"abstract":"According to the results of laboratory experiments, the optimal angle of inclination of the holes of the lattice bottom of the inclined chamber of the combine harvester is established, which provides maximum separation of free grain from the combed grain heap before it enters the grind chamber. This allows you to minimize the intake of free grain to the threshing device, securely eliminating the probability of crushing the working bodies grind. Studies were carried out on wheat varieties «Moscow 56». The grain moisture content was about 12%. The speed of the conveyor 3 m/s and the angle of inclination to the horizon of 45° correspond to similar parameters for most modern combine harvesters. The angle of inclination of the lattice bottom opening had seven levels of variation within 0-90°. The feed of the combed grain heap was about 10 kg/s with a content of 80 % free grain. The length of the removable grating bottom was 0.95 m, and its rectangular holes had a size of 160×8 mm. To eliminate the effect on the output parameter, the area of the «live section» of the holes of the lattice bottom in all series of the experiment was taken the same. Thus, results of scientific researches, increasing of the angle of inclination amounts of free grain passed through the holes of the bottom lattice is reduced, and the number came down from his grain, on the contrary, increases. The maximum separation of free grain 68,7 % corresponds to the angle of inclination of the holes equal to 0°. To ensure complete separation of free grain from the combed grain heap, the length of the separating surface must be at least 1,18 m. This technical solution can be implemented, for example, in the inclined chamber of the grain harvester KZS-1218 «Polissya GS-12», which has a length of about 1,3 m.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66432
V. Bojkov, S. V. Starcev, A. Pavlov, E. S. Nesterov, A. V. Lavrent’ev
Using the technical characteristics of the PBS-10P trailed single-furrow plow and the results of tractor tests made by the Nebraska Tractor Test US laboratory, the value of towing tension of Case Magnum 340 (239 kW), New Holland Т9020 (213 kW), Challenger MT 835 (271 kW), John Deer 9120 (182 kW), Versatile 375 (226 kW), Versatile 400 (247 kW), New Holland Т9030 (310 kW) tractors and traction resistance of the PBS-10P plow at appropriate speeds were determined. The analytical dependencies of the traction force of the tractors and the traction resistance of the plow on the speed of movement are determined. The method of determining the rational composition of the arable unit is described, including: experimental determination of the plow traction at different tillage depth and speed; determination of the tractor force at the maximum traction power of the tractor; approximation of the obtained results in the form of empirical formulas; building graphical dependencies by empirical formulas and determining the optimal speed of the arable unit, which is used to calculate the productivity of the arable unit.
利用PBS-10P拖曳式单沟犁的技术特性和美国内布拉斯加州拖拉机测试实验室的拖拉机试验结果，确定了Case Magnum 340 (239 kW)、New Holland Т9020 (213 kW)、Challenger MT 835 (271 kW)、John Deer 9120 (182 kW)、Versatile 375 (226 kW)、Versatile 400 (247 kW)、New Holland Т9030 (310 kW)拖拉机的牵引张力值和PBS-10P犁在适当速度下的牵引阻力。确定了拖拉机牵引力和犁的牵引阻力对运动速度的解析依赖关系。介绍了确定耕地单元合理组成的方法，包括:试验确定不同耕作深度和耕作速度下的犁耕牵引力;确定拖拉机在最大牵引功率下的牵引车力;以经验公式的形式逼近所得结果;利用经验公式建立图形依赖关系，确定耕地单元的最优速度，用于计算耕地单元的生产率。
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Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66403
Y. Syromyatnikov, N. S. Hramov, S. A. Vojnash
Surface tillage for growing crops is carried out with the purpose of crushing its upper layer, grinding crop residues, destroying weeds and leveling the field surface. The purpose of the research is to determine the quality indicators of an experimental soil-cultivating rotor ripping-separating unit using a flexible working body in the form of a cable. Authors studied in field conditions the physicomechanical properties of the soil after autumn plowing, early spring harrowing and cultivation with lancet paws to a depth of 0,12 m. There was analyzed the structural-aggregate composition of the soil obtained after the passage of device, depending on the frequency of rotation of the rotor and the presence of a flexible element in the form of a cable. Studies have been carried out on an experimental soil-cultivating loosening and separating plant on a layer of soil, which, after processing, is stratified into two sublayers: the upper superseed, the lower layer in the seed embedding zone. In the lower soil layer there is a significant advantage of the working bodies with a flexible element in the form of a cable. Increasing the rotor speed from 1,1 to 2,3 s-1 contributes to an increase in the coefficient of soil structure in the lower layer by about 10 %, and in the upper layer by no more than 2,3 %. With the use of a flexible working body in the form of a cable in the composition of the working bodies of the experimental soil-cultivating rotary ripping-separating installation, the coefficient of structure is about 1,5 times higher than the working bodies without it, which provides more favorable conditions for embedding seeds in the soil. It was found that tillage using an experimental soil-cultivating rotary tillage-separating installation as part of the working bodies of which a flexible element in the form of a cable was applied allows us to improve the methods of pre-sowing tillage to improve its agrotechnical qualities.
{"title":"Flexible element in the composition of the working bodies of the rotary soil-cultivating ripping-separating machine","authors":"Y. Syromyatnikov, N. S. Hramov, S. A. Vojnash","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66403","url":null,"abstract":"Surface tillage for growing crops is carried out with the purpose of crushing its upper layer, grinding crop residues, destroying weeds and leveling the field surface. The purpose of the research is to determine the quality indicators of an experimental soil-cultivating rotor ripping-separating unit using a flexible working body in the form of a cable. Authors studied in field conditions the physicomechanical properties of the soil after autumn plowing, early spring harrowing and cultivation with lancet paws to a depth of 0,12 m. There was analyzed the structural-aggregate composition of the soil obtained after the passage of device, depending on the frequency of rotation of the rotor and the presence of a flexible element in the form of a cable. Studies have been carried out on an experimental soil-cultivating loosening and separating plant on a layer of soil, which, after processing, is stratified into two sublayers: the upper superseed, the lower layer in the seed embedding zone. In the lower soil layer there is a significant advantage of the working bodies with a flexible element in the form of a cable. Increasing the rotor speed from 1,1 to 2,3 s-1 contributes to an increase in the coefficient of soil structure in the lower layer by about 10 %, and in the upper layer by no more than 2,3 %. With the use of a flexible working body in the form of a cable in the composition of the working bodies of the experimental soil-cultivating rotary ripping-separating installation, the coefficient of structure is about 1,5 times higher than the working bodies without it, which provides more favorable conditions for embedding seeds in the soil. It was found that tillage using an experimental soil-cultivating rotary tillage-separating installation as part of the working bodies of which a flexible element in the form of a cable was applied allows us to improve the methods of pre-sowing tillage to improve its agrotechnical qualities.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121530647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66369
K. Kulik, I. Bartenev
Field protecting forest belts are nowadays destroyed and require reconstruction and remediation, which means that it is necessary to completely remove the disturbed rows, then prepare the soil and all subsequent silvicultural works, the performance of which with the use of technologies and machinery borrowed from forestry will not yield significant positive results. The technology based on modern achievements in the field of mechanization, including the transformation of the aerial part of the tree-shrub mass into chips and mixing it with the upper soil layer using mobile rotary type mulchers moving at speeds up to 5 km/h; removal of stumps remaining in the soil with a KND-1.1 continuous lifter; collection and removal of uprooted stumps by the picker skidder universal PTU-2.1 is proposed. The KND-1.1 uplifter cuts stumps, shakes them off the soil and leaves them at a speed of 3...5 km/h on the surface with a continuous movement at a speed of 3…5 km/h, 30 times higher than used at KSP-20 uproader. KND-1.1 and PTU-2.1 is a fleet of technical equipment linked to each other in terms of performance. A positive element is that KND-1.1 not only removes stumps, but at the same time prepares the soil for planting in a strip 1,1 m wide and 0,4...0,5 m deep, excluding the use of a plow, a cultivator or a harrow, thereby reducing metal intensity and energy intensity of stumping and soil preparation by 9 and 6 times, respectively.
{"title":"Innovative technology of reconstruction and remediation of forest shelter belts","authors":"K. Kulik, I. Bartenev","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66369","url":null,"abstract":"Field protecting forest belts are nowadays destroyed and require reconstruction and remediation, which means that it is necessary to completely remove the disturbed rows, then prepare the soil and all subsequent silvicultural works, the performance of which with the use of technologies and machinery borrowed from forestry will not yield significant positive results. The technology based on modern achievements in the field of mechanization, including the transformation of the aerial part of the tree-shrub mass into chips and mixing it with the upper soil layer using mobile rotary type mulchers moving at speeds up to 5 km/h; removal of stumps remaining in the soil with a KND-1.1 continuous lifter; collection and removal of uprooted stumps by the picker skidder universal PTU-2.1 is proposed. The KND-1.1 uplifter cuts stumps, shakes them off the soil and leaves them at a speed of 3...5 km/h on the surface with a continuous movement at a speed of 3…5 km/h, 30 times higher than used at KSP-20 uproader. KND-1.1 and PTU-2.1 is a fleet of technical equipment linked to each other in terms of performance. A positive element is that KND-1.1 not only removes stumps, but at the same time prepares the soil for planting in a strip 1,1 m wide and 0,4...0,5 m deep, excluding the use of a plow, a cultivator or a harrow, thereby reducing metal intensity and energy intensity of stumping and soil preparation by 9 and 6 times, respectively.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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