Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66419
V. Merzlikin, Г МерзликинВ., A. Makarov, Р МакаровА., S. Smirnov, В СмирновС., A. Kostukov, В КостюковА., Marcos Gutiérrez, Гутиеррес Маркос Охеда
The performance of a diesel engine has been studied using well-known types of ceramic thermal insulating HIC or thermal barrier TBC coatings. This problem is relevant for a diesel engine with low thermal losses of the combustion chamber, in which the intense radiant component (in the near-IR range) reaches ∼ 50 % of the total heat flow. In this paper, the authors continued to study these coatings, but as translucent (SHICs or STBCs) with bulk absorption of penetrating radiant energy. The spectrophotometric modeling of the optical parameters of these coatings made it possible to estimate the characteristics of the temperature field being formed with a reduced near-surface temperature gradient (compared to opaque coatings), causing a significant decrease in heat loss through the heat-insulated piston. A translucent STBC coating based on partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ ceramics ZrO2 + 8 % Y2O3) was chosen, determining the formation of the optimum temperature profile in the piston head. For bench testing was used experimental single-cylinder tractor diesel. With a rotation frequency of n > 2800 1/min, the heat loss did not exceed 0,2 MW/m2 through the bottom of the piston with the heat-shielding layer. The tests performed showed a lower specific fuel consumption of ∼ 2-3 % in comparison with the combustion chamber of a diesel engine with an uncoated ceramic piston. At the same time, torque and effective power increased by ∼ 2-5 %.
{"title":"Low-cost, eco-friendly diesel with a thermally insulated combustion chamber","authors":"V. Merzlikin, Г МерзликинВ., A. Makarov, Р МакаровА., S. Smirnov, В СмирновС., A. Kostukov, В КостюковА., Marcos Gutiérrez, Гутиеррес Маркос Охеда","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66419","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a diesel engine has been studied using well-known types of ceramic thermal insulating HIC or thermal barrier TBC coatings. This problem is relevant for a diesel engine with low thermal losses of the combustion chamber, in which the intense radiant component (in the near-IR range) reaches ∼ 50 % of the total heat flow. In this paper, the authors continued to study these coatings, but as translucent (SHICs or STBCs) with bulk absorption of penetrating radiant energy. The spectrophotometric modeling of the optical parameters of these coatings made it possible to estimate the characteristics of the temperature field being formed with a reduced near-surface temperature gradient (compared to opaque coatings), causing a significant decrease in heat loss through the heat-insulated piston. A translucent STBC coating based on partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ ceramics ZrO2 + 8 % Y2O3) was chosen, determining the formation of the optimum temperature profile in the piston head. For bench testing was used experimental single-cylinder tractor diesel. With a rotation frequency of n > 2800 1/min, the heat loss did not exceed 0,2 MW/m2 through the bottom of the piston with the heat-shielding layer. The tests performed showed a lower specific fuel consumption of ∼ 2-3 % in comparison with the combustion chamber of a diesel engine with an uncoated ceramic piston. At the same time, torque and effective power increased by ∼ 2-5 %.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66398
I. Bozhko, G. G. Parhomenko, S. Kambulov
Tillage is considered to be the methods of mechanical impact on the soil, contributing to the improvement of its fertility and the creation of better conditions for the growth and development of plants. Layerless processing without cover takes one of the most significant operations carried out during the preparation of the soil. This is confirmed by the fact that layer-by-layer processing promotes the accumulation of moisture inside the soil layer, the separation of the seam into layers, and the reduction of soil erosion. The aim of the research is to improve the design features of the main elements of the working body for layer-by-layer soilless tillage. Based on the methods of analysis and synthesis of research, as well as modeling, an improved design of the working body was proposed. It provides for the possibility of replacing almost all the main elements as they wear out, which in turn indicates a high level of wear resistance of the developed structure and a significant reduction in labor costs during its maintenance. In addition to the use of metal basic elements of various shapes (flat-cutter, curvilinear ripper) in the design of the working body, the use of ultra-high-molecular polyethylene inserts partially or completely replacing the main structural elements of the working body is also provided. Experimental studies have found that the traction resistance of the working body using a flat-ripper in the construction is 9,30 kN, with a curvilinear ripper 8,04 kN, which is 13,56 % lower than the flat-cutter. With the use of ultra-high molecular polyethylene inserts, a decrease in traction resistance of up to 7,6 kN was observed, which is 18,28 % lower compared to a flat-ripper. The proposed design allows layer-by-layer soilless tillage, carrying out at the same time a deep 25-35 cm and shallow 12-16 cm tillage, and also allows to obtain an aligned field background after the passage of the unit.
{"title":"Improving the design of the working body for layer-by-layer tillage","authors":"I. Bozhko, G. G. Parhomenko, S. Kambulov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66398","url":null,"abstract":"Tillage is considered to be the methods of mechanical impact on the soil, contributing to the improvement of its fertility and the creation of better conditions for the growth and development of plants. Layerless processing without cover takes one of the most significant operations carried out during the preparation of the soil. This is confirmed by the fact that layer-by-layer processing promotes the accumulation of moisture inside the soil layer, the separation of the seam into layers, and the reduction of soil erosion. The aim of the research is to improve the design features of the main elements of the working body for layer-by-layer soilless tillage. Based on the methods of analysis and synthesis of research, as well as modeling, an improved design of the working body was proposed. It provides for the possibility of replacing almost all the main elements as they wear out, which in turn indicates a high level of wear resistance of the developed structure and a significant reduction in labor costs during its maintenance. In addition to the use of metal basic elements of various shapes (flat-cutter, curvilinear ripper) in the design of the working body, the use of ultra-high-molecular polyethylene inserts partially or completely replacing the main structural elements of the working body is also provided. Experimental studies have found that the traction resistance of the working body using a flat-ripper in the construction is 9,30 kN, with a curvilinear ripper 8,04 kN, which is 13,56 % lower than the flat-cutter. With the use of ultra-high molecular polyethylene inserts, a decrease in traction resistance of up to 7,6 kN was observed, which is 18,28 % lower compared to a flat-ripper. The proposed design allows layer-by-layer soilless tillage, carrying out at the same time a deep 25-35 cm and shallow 12-16 cm tillage, and also allows to obtain an aligned field background after the passage of the unit.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115656691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66429
Z. Godzhaev, A. M. Pogozhina
The final stage of the cultivation of crops is harvesting. The quality of the operation depends on the annual result of the effectiveness of all previous work. It is important not only to harvest well, but to preserve the fertility of the soil and avoid soil compaction. The problem of compression is becoming more acute due to the massive use of heavy wheeled tractors and combines. The degree of soil compaction depends on the type of propulsion unit, the weight of the tractor and the number of passes of the units across the field. The negative impact of undercarriage systems on the soil should be considered when creating new machines based on new layout schemes, to reduce the structural weight, taking into account the dynamics and distribution of the center of mass of the variation in hook load. To reduce pressure and evenly distribute it is possible through the creation of more advanced propulsion and suspension systems. The purpose of this article is to analyze the most promising designs of the mobile agricultural machinery undercarriage systems, which can reduce the specific pressure on the ground, improve the throughput of agricultural machinery and provide a more comfortable planting and harvesting. At the moment, the following main directions of development of agricultural machinery undercarriage systems can be distinguished: pneumatic tracks, twin wheels, half-track, installation of rubber-reinforced tracks (RRT) and torsion as an elastic suspension element. The tests carried out confirmed that the installation of a changeable tracked propulsion unit can reduce the degree of soil compaction by 17-46 %, and the use of twin wheels showed an increase in pulling force by 20 % and a decrease in gauge depth by 40 %. The use of pneumatic trackers allows to increase the permeability of the transport vehicle on soils with a weak bearing capacity and at the same time minimize the damage that it can cause to the supporting base. Recently it is popular to operate the agricultural machinery, which uses rubber-reinforced caterpillar. Its caterpillar operational cycle if higher of 4-5 times comparing to those from metal. In addition, it allows to reduce vibration load and do the work at wet soil conditions. RRT is put both in the all-track version, and in the form of a wheel-caterpillar. This propulsion unit has a triangular shape of rubber tracks is mounted instead of wheels. Currently, individual torsion hangers of track rollers are widely used on tracked tractors. The advantages of the new torsion-balance suspension made it possible to increase the reliability and durability of tracked tractors undercarriage systems.
{"title":"Prospects for the development of undercarriage systems of modern mobile energy devices for agricultural purposes","authors":"Z. Godzhaev, A. M. Pogozhina","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66429","url":null,"abstract":"The final stage of the cultivation of crops is harvesting. The quality of the operation depends on the annual result of the effectiveness of all previous work. It is important not only to harvest well, but to preserve the fertility of the soil and avoid soil compaction. The problem of compression is becoming more acute due to the massive use of heavy wheeled tractors and combines. The degree of soil compaction depends on the type of propulsion unit, the weight of the tractor and the number of passes of the units across the field. The negative impact of undercarriage systems on the soil should be considered when creating new machines based on new layout schemes, to reduce the structural weight, taking into account the dynamics and distribution of the center of mass of the variation in hook load. To reduce pressure and evenly distribute it is possible through the creation of more advanced propulsion and suspension systems. The purpose of this article is to analyze the most promising designs of the mobile agricultural machinery undercarriage systems, which can reduce the specific pressure on the ground, improve the throughput of agricultural machinery and provide a more comfortable planting and harvesting. At the moment, the following main directions of development of agricultural machinery undercarriage systems can be distinguished: pneumatic tracks, twin wheels, half-track, installation of rubber-reinforced tracks (RRT) and torsion as an elastic suspension element. The tests carried out confirmed that the installation of a changeable tracked propulsion unit can reduce the degree of soil compaction by 17-46 %, and the use of twin wheels showed an increase in pulling force by 20 % and a decrease in gauge depth by 40 %. The use of pneumatic trackers allows to increase the permeability of the transport vehicle on soils with a weak bearing capacity and at the same time minimize the damage that it can cause to the supporting base. Recently it is popular to operate the agricultural machinery, which uses rubber-reinforced caterpillar. Its caterpillar operational cycle if higher of 4-5 times comparing to those from metal. In addition, it allows to reduce vibration load and do the work at wet soil conditions. RRT is put both in the all-track version, and in the form of a wheel-caterpillar. This propulsion unit has a triangular shape of rubber tracks is mounted instead of wheels. Currently, individual torsion hangers of track rollers are widely used on tracked tractors. The advantages of the new torsion-balance suspension made it possible to increase the reliability and durability of tracked tractors undercarriage systems.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134618442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66383
V. A. Lihanov, O. Lopatin
The necessity of using alcohol-fuel emulsions as ecological energy carriers for tractor diesel engines is proved in the work. At the same time, such renewable environmental energy sources as methyl and ethyl alcohols were investigated. With the aim of developing, determining and optimizing the composition of the alcohol-fuel emulsion for tractor diesel engine 4F 11,0/12,5 conducted its tests when working on diesel fuel, methanol - and ethanol-fuel emulsions. Experimental studies have established that for use in a 4F 11,0/12,5 tractor diesel engine environmental energy based on mixtures with alcohols were used emulsions of the following composition: alcohol (methanol CH3OH or ethanol C2H5OH) is 25 %, detergent-dispersant additive succinimide C-5A - 0,5 %, water - 7 %, diesel fuel - 67,5 %. The results of experimental studies of power and economic parameters, indicators of toxicity and smoke content of the exhaust gases of the diesel operating on the ecological mixture of the above composition are presented. The transformation of the investigated diesel from petroleum diesel fuel to environmental energy allowed while maintaining the power factors to reduce the content in the exhaust gases when working on methanol-fuel emulsion - carbon black by 6,9 times, nitrogen oxides by 41,3 %, carbon dioxide by 6,7 %, carbon monoxide by 45,0 %; when operating on ethanol-fuel emulsion - carbon black by 5,2 times, nitrogen oxides by 50,2 %, carbon dioxide by 23,8 %, carbon monoxide by 25,0 %. The conclusion is made about the prospects of using such ecological energy carriers as ethyl and methyl alcohols in tractor diesel engines.
{"title":"Research of high-speed operation modes of a tractor diesel on alcohol-fuel emulsions","authors":"V. A. Lihanov, O. Lopatin","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66383","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of using alcohol-fuel emulsions as ecological energy carriers for tractor diesel engines is proved in the work. At the same time, such renewable environmental energy sources as methyl and ethyl alcohols were investigated. With the aim of developing, determining and optimizing the composition of the alcohol-fuel emulsion for tractor diesel engine 4F 11,0/12,5 conducted its tests when working on diesel fuel, methanol - and ethanol-fuel emulsions. Experimental studies have established that for use in a 4F 11,0/12,5 tractor diesel engine environmental energy based on mixtures with alcohols were used emulsions of the following composition: alcohol (methanol CH3OH or ethanol C2H5OH) is 25 %, detergent-dispersant additive succinimide C-5A - 0,5 %, water - 7 %, diesel fuel - 67,5 %. The results of experimental studies of power and economic parameters, indicators of toxicity and smoke content of the exhaust gases of the diesel operating on the ecological mixture of the above composition are presented. The transformation of the investigated diesel from petroleum diesel fuel to environmental energy allowed while maintaining the power factors to reduce the content in the exhaust gases when working on methanol-fuel emulsion - carbon black by 6,9 times, nitrogen oxides by 41,3 %, carbon dioxide by 6,7 %, carbon monoxide by 45,0 %; when operating on ethanol-fuel emulsion - carbon black by 5,2 times, nitrogen oxides by 50,2 %, carbon dioxide by 23,8 %, carbon monoxide by 25,0 %. The conclusion is made about the prospects of using such ecological energy carriers as ethyl and methyl alcohols in tractor diesel engines.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133348592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66423
S. V. Putintsev, A. F. Biktashev, S. S. Pilatskaya
Experimental results on direct visualization of cylinder and piston group (CPG) interacting surfaces oil supply in a high-speed four-cycle engine are presented and discussed in the article. The relevance of this work is connected with an insufficient examination of lubrication processes, in particular, deficiency of experimental data concerning to four-cycle engine with traditional crank-and-rod mechanism (CRM) CPG oil supply. The purpose of the research was experimental supervision of processes of oil delivery to interacting surfaces of coupling «cylinder-piston» in a four-cycle internal combustion engine. Attainment of the assigned purpose has been carried out by means of experimental modeling lubricating system operation with the special breadboard setup supplied an independent drive of the oil pump and optical transparent cylinder and piston. The received results have allowed to specify the CPG oil supply behavior, and also to identify the new function of the piston consisting in transfer of disintegrating oil stream onto the interacting surfaces of the piston and cylinder. During experiments earlier stated hypothesis about existence of anomaly of quantity of the lubricant arriving on the thrust and anti-thrust side of the cylinder has been confirmed. The presented experimental information can be used for operational development and modernization of any combined type lubricating systems serving four-cycle piston engine with traditional CRM.
{"title":"Some results of experimental modeling cylinder and piston group oil supplay conditions of the low-sized four-cycle diesel engine","authors":"S. V. Putintsev, A. F. Biktashev, S. S. Pilatskaya","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66423","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results on direct visualization of cylinder and piston group (CPG) interacting surfaces oil supply in a high-speed four-cycle engine are presented and discussed in the article. The relevance of this work is connected with an insufficient examination of lubrication processes, in particular, deficiency of experimental data concerning to four-cycle engine with traditional crank-and-rod mechanism (CRM) CPG oil supply. The purpose of the research was experimental supervision of processes of oil delivery to interacting surfaces of coupling «cylinder-piston» in a four-cycle internal combustion engine. Attainment of the assigned purpose has been carried out by means of experimental modeling lubricating system operation with the special breadboard setup supplied an independent drive of the oil pump and optical transparent cylinder and piston. The received results have allowed to specify the CPG oil supply behavior, and also to identify the new function of the piston consisting in transfer of disintegrating oil stream onto the interacting surfaces of the piston and cylinder. During experiments earlier stated hypothesis about existence of anomaly of quantity of the lubricant arriving on the thrust and anti-thrust side of the cylinder has been confirmed. The presented experimental information can be used for operational development and modernization of any combined type lubricating systems serving four-cycle piston engine with traditional CRM.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66414
R. Kaminsky, I. V. Kovaltsov, E. A. Kostyukov, S. Sibiryakov, A. Filippov
Environmental, efficiency and economic requirements for diesel engines are being constantly toughened, thus requiring engine modernization. Increasing the degree of diesel boosting is one of the ways to meet these requirements. However, this leads to an increase of the load on various parts and components of the diesel engine. The turbocharger, as one of the most important engine units, undergoes a high vibration load due to the high rotor speed. As it is known from the practice of the manufacturer, this is one of the most common causes of failure of turbochargers. So the evaluation of the vibration load of the plain bearings in modern turbo-charging units requires careful research, which is the purpose of this work. To measure vibrations in the turbocharger, there was used a three-axis vibration transducer AR81, which was mounted on the turbocharger in such a way that the sensor axes coincided with the axes of the turbocharger. This is necessary to determine both the magnitude of the vibrations, and their direction. According to the measured values of vibration acceleration, it can be concluded that the turbocharger is technically in order, predicted a possible failure and, consequently, taken a decision on the required set of measures or make changes to the design documentation in the case of significant deviations. The study was undertaken in two stages: on a specialized balancing machine and on a gas-dynamic non-motorized bench. During the tests there were detected harmonic and non-harmonic components, resonances associated with an increase in the rotor speed. The values of vibration acceleration along the rotor axis of the turbocharger have been measured, perpendicular to the rotor axis in the horizontal plane, perpendicular to the rotor axis in the vertical plane. According to the results of the experimental data, there have been drawn the conclusions that allow to note the following: to reduce the vibrational loads on the running part of the turbocharger, it is necessary to design the compressor stage in such a way that in all modes of engine operation there would be a substantial margin up to the surging limit; the radial load is significantly higher than the axial load, so the radial bearing must have a significant margin of safety to increase the reliability of the turbocharger.
{"title":"Vibration analysis of diesel turbocharger for agricultural use","authors":"R. Kaminsky, I. V. Kovaltsov, E. A. Kostyukov, S. Sibiryakov, A. Filippov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66414","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental, efficiency and economic requirements for diesel engines are being constantly toughened, thus requiring engine modernization. Increasing the degree of diesel boosting is one of the ways to meet these requirements. However, this leads to an increase of the load on various parts and components of the diesel engine. The turbocharger, as one of the most important engine units, undergoes a high vibration load due to the high rotor speed. As it is known from the practice of the manufacturer, this is one of the most common causes of failure of turbochargers. So the evaluation of the vibration load of the plain bearings in modern turbo-charging units requires careful research, which is the purpose of this work. To measure vibrations in the turbocharger, there was used a three-axis vibration transducer AR81, which was mounted on the turbocharger in such a way that the sensor axes coincided with the axes of the turbocharger. This is necessary to determine both the magnitude of the vibrations, and their direction. According to the measured values of vibration acceleration, it can be concluded that the turbocharger is technically in order, predicted a possible failure and, consequently, taken a decision on the required set of measures or make changes to the design documentation in the case of significant deviations. The study was undertaken in two stages: on a specialized balancing machine and on a gas-dynamic non-motorized bench. During the tests there were detected harmonic and non-harmonic components, resonances associated with an increase in the rotor speed. The values of vibration acceleration along the rotor axis of the turbocharger have been measured, perpendicular to the rotor axis in the horizontal plane, perpendicular to the rotor axis in the vertical plane. According to the results of the experimental data, there have been drawn the conclusions that allow to note the following: to reduce the vibrational loads on the running part of the turbocharger, it is necessary to design the compressor stage in such a way that in all modes of engine operation there would be a substantial margin up to the surging limit; the radial load is significantly higher than the axial load, so the radial bearing must have a significant margin of safety to increase the reliability of the turbocharger.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122118599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66374
A. Bur'yanov, M. A. Bur'yanov, I. Chervyakov
The purpose of research is the development of methods and devices for the treatment of dense crop when harvesting grain crops with combines. Methods for utilization of dense crop are chopping with rotary shredders after threshing, cutting of recycled stalks into fragments during thrashing with tow, cutting of stripped stalks by a cleaning unit with its simultaneous laying in a roll. The development of methods was carried out taking into account the requirements for tillage carried out after the harvest of cereal crops on the fields, which should be prepared for the cultivation of subsequent crops according to the traditional, minimal and zero technology. For shredding the combed stems of cereal crops, a device has been developed that is mounted on the header and the inclined chamber of the combine, cutting the stems into parts of 140-170 mm and putting them into spreading. On the basis of mounted on the combine and trailed roller headers, equipped with an integrating conveyor, rotary feeder and chopper, schemes of a trailed harvesting unit are developed. These schemes provide the grinding and distribution of the material across the header's width. The possibility of collecting and loading the crushed material into the vehicle is considered. For harvesting straw for various needs from dense crop, a unit was proposed for harvesting grain crops with a nozzle with simultaneous cutting and gathering of the stems in a swath. Behind the cutting header, the cutting apparatus is hung, and on the left and right, side rakes are attached to the header and combine harvester, which feed the cut mass into the inter-track space of the combine. Cut stalks in the left and right front wheel tracks of the combine are retracted to the sides by special guiding devices. The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions.
{"title":"Methods and devices for processing the stemstock of cereal crops harvested using combine stripper harvester technology","authors":"A. Bur'yanov, M. A. Bur'yanov, I. Chervyakov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66374","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research is the development of methods and devices for the treatment of dense crop when harvesting grain crops with combines. Methods for utilization of dense crop are chopping with rotary shredders after threshing, cutting of recycled stalks into fragments during thrashing with tow, cutting of stripped stalks by a cleaning unit with its simultaneous laying in a roll. The development of methods was carried out taking into account the requirements for tillage carried out after the harvest of cereal crops on the fields, which should be prepared for the cultivation of subsequent crops according to the traditional, minimal and zero technology. For shredding the combed stems of cereal crops, a device has been developed that is mounted on the header and the inclined chamber of the combine, cutting the stems into parts of 140-170 mm and putting them into spreading. On the basis of mounted on the combine and trailed roller headers, equipped with an integrating conveyor, rotary feeder and chopper, schemes of a trailed harvesting unit are developed. These schemes provide the grinding and distribution of the material across the header's width. The possibility of collecting and loading the crushed material into the vehicle is considered. For harvesting straw for various needs from dense crop, a unit was proposed for harvesting grain crops with a nozzle with simultaneous cutting and gathering of the stems in a swath. Behind the cutting header, the cutting apparatus is hung, and on the left and right, side rakes are attached to the header and combine harvester, which feed the cut mass into the inter-track space of the combine. Cut stalks in the left and right front wheel tracks of the combine are retracted to the sides by special guiding devices. The proposed technical solutions are protected by patents of the Russian Federation for inventions.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127342670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66415
D. I. Zolotarevskaya
The work is devoted to the theoretical study of the elastic properties of tractor wheels and the analysis of the effect of air pressure in the tires and vertical loads on the wheel axles. According to the developed computer program, which allows to implement the method of calculating the characteristics of the elastic properties of tractor wheels with pneumatic tires proposed in this work, one-factor and complete factor computer experiments of two types were carried out. In computer experiments of the first type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients of a number of elastic wheels were investigated when operating on the practically non-deformable basis of tractors MTZ-82 and MTZ-142 from the air pressure in the tires at different values of the vertical dynamic loads on the axes of the corresponding wheels of tractors. In computer experiments of the second type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients and the normal deflection of the wheels with tires of different sizes from the air pressure in the tires at constant values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axles were investigated. In computer experiments of both types, the deviations of the elastic properties of elastic wheels found by calculation are within the limits of the accuracy of measurements of the experimental data. Based on the results of computer experiments of the first type, regression equations were obtained reflecting the dependence of the elasticity coefficients of the elastic wheels studied on the air pressure in the tire for various values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axes. According to the results of computer experiments of the second type, equations of regression of the coefficients of elasticity and normal deflection of wheels with tires of different sizes from air pressure in tires at constant values of vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axle are obtained. The high correlation values for these regression equations indicate the high importance of the relationships in the found correlation dependencies. The application of the proposed calculation method makes it possible to simplify and shorten the work on the choice of tires of optimum sizes to different tractors, taking into account the specific conditions of their operation. It was calculated that wheels with tires 18.4R38 are optimal on the rear axle of the MTZ-82 tractor.
{"title":"Analysis of the influence of the main factors on the characteristics of the elastic properties of elastic wheels of tractors","authors":"D. I. Zolotarevskaya","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66415","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the theoretical study of the elastic properties of tractor wheels and the analysis of the effect of air pressure in the tires and vertical loads on the wheel axles. According to the developed computer program, which allows to implement the method of calculating the characteristics of the elastic properties of tractor wheels with pneumatic tires proposed in this work, one-factor and complete factor computer experiments of two types were carried out. In computer experiments of the first type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients of a number of elastic wheels were investigated when operating on the practically non-deformable basis of tractors MTZ-82 and MTZ-142 from the air pressure in the tires at different values of the vertical dynamic loads on the axes of the corresponding wheels of tractors. In computer experiments of the second type, the dependences of the elasticity coefficients and the normal deflection of the wheels with tires of different sizes from the air pressure in the tires at constant values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axles were investigated. In computer experiments of both types, the deviations of the elastic properties of elastic wheels found by calculation are within the limits of the accuracy of measurements of the experimental data. Based on the results of computer experiments of the first type, regression equations were obtained reflecting the dependence of the elasticity coefficients of the elastic wheels studied on the air pressure in the tire for various values of the vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axes. According to the results of computer experiments of the second type, equations of regression of the coefficients of elasticity and normal deflection of wheels with tires of different sizes from air pressure in tires at constant values of vertical dynamic loads on the wheel axle are obtained. The high correlation values for these regression equations indicate the high importance of the relationships in the found correlation dependencies. The application of the proposed calculation method makes it possible to simplify and shorten the work on the choice of tires of optimum sizes to different tractors, taking into account the specific conditions of their operation. It was calculated that wheels with tires 18.4R38 are optimal on the rear axle of the MTZ-82 tractor.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116457226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66359
V. Kamaltdinov, V. Markov, I. O. Lysov, A. E. Popov, A. E. Smolij
There was developed a new single-zone model of the fuel combustion process, based on the equations of chemical kinetics, which takes into account in more detail the features of the internal chamber processes of internal combustion engines. The combustion process is considered as a set of successive oxidation reactions to carbon dioxide and water of groups of active fuel molecules proceeding according to the Arrhenius law. The number of active molecules of fuel entering into the reaction depends on the total number of fuel molecules, the current mixture temperature and the conditional activation energy, varying depending on the fraction of burned fuel. The conditional duration of oxidation of this group of active molecules is assumed to depend not only on the total number of fuel molecules, but also on the volume of the combustion chamber, the number of oxygen molecules, the number of molecules of inert components and turbulence inside the combustion chamber. The heat released during the oxidation of each group of active fuel molecules is determined through the lower heat of combustion of the fuel and is expended to increase the temperature and pressure of the mixture in the combustion zone. At each step of the calculation, the number of molecules of all substances is corrected as a result of fuel burn-out. A special feature of the model is the introduction of a new parameter that takes into account the time factor at the molecular level, the conventional duration of the oxidation reaction of the active molecules of the fuel. A new mathematical model is used as the basis for the algorithm for the developed program for calculating the operating cycle of an accelerated diesel engine with a prescribed law of mixture formation. Calculations of the influence of the temperature of the fresh charge after the charge air cooler on the duty cycle of the forced diesel in the range from 360 to 430 K are performed. According to the results of the calculation, it is established that the best indicator characteristics of the working cycle are reached at a temperature of 360 K. Indicator diagrams of pressure in the cylinder and the laws of heat generation, obtained by calculation correspond with known experimental data.
{"title":"Simulation of combustion process in the forced transport diesel engine with the prescribed law of mixture formation","authors":"V. Kamaltdinov, V. Markov, I. O. Lysov, A. E. Popov, A. E. Smolij","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66359","url":null,"abstract":"There was developed a new single-zone model of the fuel combustion process, based on the equations of chemical kinetics, which takes into account in more detail the features of the internal chamber processes of internal combustion engines. The combustion process is considered as a set of successive oxidation reactions to carbon dioxide and water of groups of active fuel molecules proceeding according to the Arrhenius law. The number of active molecules of fuel entering into the reaction depends on the total number of fuel molecules, the current mixture temperature and the conditional activation energy, varying depending on the fraction of burned fuel. The conditional duration of oxidation of this group of active molecules is assumed to depend not only on the total number of fuel molecules, but also on the volume of the combustion chamber, the number of oxygen molecules, the number of molecules of inert components and turbulence inside the combustion chamber. The heat released during the oxidation of each group of active fuel molecules is determined through the lower heat of combustion of the fuel and is expended to increase the temperature and pressure of the mixture in the combustion zone. At each step of the calculation, the number of molecules of all substances is corrected as a result of fuel burn-out. A special feature of the model is the introduction of a new parameter that takes into account the time factor at the molecular level, the conventional duration of the oxidation reaction of the active molecules of the fuel. A new mathematical model is used as the basis for the algorithm for the developed program for calculating the operating cycle of an accelerated diesel engine with a prescribed law of mixture formation. Calculations of the influence of the temperature of the fresh charge after the charge air cooler on the duty cycle of the forced diesel in the range from 360 to 430 K are performed. According to the results of the calculation, it is established that the best indicator characteristics of the working cycle are reached at a temperature of 360 K. Indicator diagrams of pressure in the cylinder and the laws of heat generation, obtained by calculation correspond with known experimental data.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128585017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66399
A. Pahomov
The article is devoted to the disinfection of grain and seeds of agricultural plants in the agro-industrial complex. The pesticides, systemic fungicides, used for this purpose, in particular, lead to the development of resistance of parasitic microorganisms, as well as toxicological consequences for the environment and humans. The article suggests a new method of decontamination using a variable magnetic field of low frequency. The subject of the research was the regularities of the process of magnetic disinfection and the characteristics of technical means for its implementation. The purpose of the research is the development of initial requirements for the equipment for magnetic disinfection of grain, constructive proposals for the creation of such equipment. Research methods included analysis of internal processes in biomaterials under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, analysis of the parameters of the devices necessary to create the required field. On the basis of analytical studies, the initial requirements for magneto-disinfecting equipment and its main part - the electromagnet are formulated. An example of the practical implementation of a device that meets the initial requirements is given. The device is an electromagnet based on an asynchronous motor. The principle of magnetic decontamination and the proposed device have been tested experimentally: for the wheat grain with a total infection of fungal and bacterial infections 41 % (controlled), the reduction was achieved to 17-12 %. Critical characteristics of asynchronous motors are considered and it is concluded that certain types of engines are most consistent with the initial requirements and, therefore, are the best basis for the proposed device. In general conclusions, the 5AI112MB8, 5AI112MB6 or similar engines are recommended, while it is noted that devices based on them can work in parallel in a general decontamination unit, which multiplies the productivity. The final conclusion shows the perspective of the new technology associated with the elimination of the disadvantages of chemical etching and the advantages over other electrophysical methods in the uniformity of processing, energy efficiency, compactness and low equipment cost, the absence of harmful emissions and emissions.
{"title":"Initial requirements for magnetic grain disinfection equipment","authors":"A. Pahomov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66399","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the disinfection of grain and seeds of agricultural plants in the agro-industrial complex. The pesticides, systemic fungicides, used for this purpose, in particular, lead to the development of resistance of parasitic microorganisms, as well as toxicological consequences for the environment and humans. The article suggests a new method of decontamination using a variable magnetic field of low frequency. The subject of the research was the regularities of the process of magnetic disinfection and the characteristics of technical means for its implementation. The purpose of the research is the development of initial requirements for the equipment for magnetic disinfection of grain, constructive proposals for the creation of such equipment. Research methods included analysis of internal processes in biomaterials under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, analysis of the parameters of the devices necessary to create the required field. On the basis of analytical studies, the initial requirements for magneto-disinfecting equipment and its main part - the electromagnet are formulated. An example of the practical implementation of a device that meets the initial requirements is given. The device is an electromagnet based on an asynchronous motor. The principle of magnetic decontamination and the proposed device have been tested experimentally: for the wheat grain with a total infection of fungal and bacterial infections 41 % (controlled), the reduction was achieved to 17-12 %. Critical characteristics of asynchronous motors are considered and it is concluded that certain types of engines are most consistent with the initial requirements and, therefore, are the best basis for the proposed device. In general conclusions, the 5AI112MB8, 5AI112MB6 or similar engines are recommended, while it is noted that devices based on them can work in parallel in a general decontamination unit, which multiplies the productivity. The final conclusion shows the perspective of the new technology associated with the elimination of the disadvantages of chemical etching and the advantages over other electrophysical methods in the uniformity of processing, energy efficiency, compactness and low equipment cost, the absence of harmful emissions and emissions.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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