Pub Date : 2018-06-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66401
M. A. Bur'yanov, I. Chervyakov, A. Bur'yanov
The aim of the inveatigations is to develop the main provisions of the procedure for determining the influence of material properties on the example of steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) when they are used to fabricate or cover the outer and inner surfaces of the fairing and the combing teeth of the header, on the quality of the process performed by it. The dependencies and regularities that are integral parts of the previously developed mathematical model of the process of combing grain crops with a single-barrel header are used in the article. As a result of solving the equations, data on the normal and tangential components of the speed of movement of the ear and grain after contact with the test surfaces were obtained. Upon contact with the external surface of the fairing that material would be preferred which the movement along is accompanied by a lower value of the frictional force. During a rebound from the combing tooth and the inner surface of the fairing, the best material is the speed of rebound of the grain from which is higher. The value of the normal forces pressing the ear of winter wheat to the contacting surface was determined in an experimental plant simulating the process of combing the reaper. The coefficient of static friction and motion and the coefficient of recovery upon contact with the surfaces of steel and UHMW PE ears and winter wheat’s grains were determined at its moisture content of 9 %. It has been established that at a header speed of 3 m/s, the frictional force pressing the ear to the outer surface of the fairing from UHMW PE is 1,75 times less than on the steel. After contact with the tooth, the rebound speed of the grain is higher, if it is made of steel. For the accepted characteristics of the harvested plants and the operating conditions of the header, when the grains come into contact with the inner surface of the fairing from the UHMW PE within the friction angle, the loss of grain velocity after the collision is less than on the steel, with the exception of contact with direct impact. Compensation for the reduction in speed within a direct impact on the inner surface of the fairing which is made of UHMW PE can be achieved by varying the angle of inclination of the combing teeth on the drum.
{"title":"The influence of the properties of materials used to make the working bodies of the stripper header on the quality of the performed process","authors":"M. A. Bur'yanov, I. Chervyakov, A. Bur'yanov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66401","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the inveatigations is to develop the main provisions of the procedure for determining the influence of material properties on the example of steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) when they are used to fabricate or cover the outer and inner surfaces of the fairing and the combing teeth of the header, on the quality of the process performed by it. The dependencies and regularities that are integral parts of the previously developed mathematical model of the process of combing grain crops with a single-barrel header are used in the article. As a result of solving the equations, data on the normal and tangential components of the speed of movement of the ear and grain after contact with the test surfaces were obtained. Upon contact with the external surface of the fairing that material would be preferred which the movement along is accompanied by a lower value of the frictional force. During a rebound from the combing tooth and the inner surface of the fairing, the best material is the speed of rebound of the grain from which is higher. The value of the normal forces pressing the ear of winter wheat to the contacting surface was determined in an experimental plant simulating the process of combing the reaper. The coefficient of static friction and motion and the coefficient of recovery upon contact with the surfaces of steel and UHMW PE ears and winter wheat’s grains were determined at its moisture content of 9 %. It has been established that at a header speed of 3 m/s, the frictional force pressing the ear to the outer surface of the fairing from UHMW PE is 1,75 times less than on the steel. After contact with the tooth, the rebound speed of the grain is higher, if it is made of steel. For the accepted characteristics of the harvested plants and the operating conditions of the header, when the grains come into contact with the inner surface of the fairing from the UHMW PE within the friction angle, the loss of grain velocity after the collision is less than on the steel, with the exception of contact with direct impact. Compensation for the reduction in speed within a direct impact on the inner surface of the fairing which is made of UHMW PE can be achieved by varying the angle of inclination of the combing teeth on the drum.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131407659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66380
V. Shevtsov, T. Godzhaev, E. V. Erilina
The analysis of security with the mobile power tools (MPT) on 1000 hectares of an arable land in Russia and some countries of the world is submitted, the created deficiency of tractors on traction classes and type of running systems is disclosed, the dominance in the machine tractor park of wheel tractors of a class 1,4 Belarus 82.1 is revealed. The provided data confirm practical decrease of volume of the machine and tractor park and demand acceptance of the state measures for its restitution. Special attention is paid on the fact that the caterpillar component of the park have dual purpose, which share in the common park approaches now over a zero level is extremely unacceptable for soil and climatic conditions of Russia. It is shown that in statistics of sales of tractors in Russia in recent years the larger share of the market is occupied by agricultural machinery of domestic production. From 2013 to 2016 the share of the domestic enterprises in the value of sales grew from 22 to 35 %. The main vector of development of MPT allocated tendencies of replacement of kinematic communications by the informational, being a systemic basis use of digital technologies. The near-term outlook of the choice of the technological direction of the advancing development of agricultural mobile power tools, competitive at world level, and the prospect of search works on creation of robotic agricultural MPT are considered. It is noted that applications of the integrated and high-precision models of farming, including technologies of precise agriculture, rises the need for the automated and robotic MPT. It is shown that in the near future agricultural robots will automate all hard field work: plowing, landing, application of fertilizers, collecting and transportation, a harvest etc. and will create basically new market of MPT.
{"title":"Perspective for the development of agricultural mobile energy","authors":"V. Shevtsov, T. Godzhaev, E. V. Erilina","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66380","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of security with the mobile power tools (MPT) on 1000 hectares of an arable land in Russia and some countries of the world is submitted, the created deficiency of tractors on traction classes and type of running systems is disclosed, the dominance in the machine tractor park of wheel tractors of a class 1,4 Belarus 82.1 is revealed. The provided data confirm practical decrease of volume of the machine and tractor park and demand acceptance of the state measures for its restitution. Special attention is paid on the fact that the caterpillar component of the park have dual purpose, which share in the common park approaches now over a zero level is extremely unacceptable for soil and climatic conditions of Russia. It is shown that in statistics of sales of tractors in Russia in recent years the larger share of the market is occupied by agricultural machinery of domestic production. From 2013 to 2016 the share of the domestic enterprises in the value of sales grew from 22 to 35 %. The main vector of development of MPT allocated tendencies of replacement of kinematic communications by the informational, being a systemic basis use of digital technologies. The near-term outlook of the choice of the technological direction of the advancing development of agricultural mobile power tools, competitive at world level, and the prospect of search works on creation of robotic agricultural MPT are considered. It is noted that applications of the integrated and high-precision models of farming, including technologies of precise agriculture, rises the need for the automated and robotic MPT. It is shown that in the near future agricultural robots will automate all hard field work: plowing, landing, application of fertilizers, collecting and transportation, a harvest etc. and will create basically new market of MPT.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121176379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66360
S. Altukhov, S. Shukhanov
The automotive and tractor machinery plays an important role in technical support of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of development of agricultural production. The main energy source of these vehicles are internal combustion engines, which work is influenced highly by spraying nozzles. A comprehensive study of the qualitative indicators of their functioning allowed authors to find new practical and theoretical solutions. In the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of spraying nozzles, a theoretical analysis was used. When replacing bayonet sprinklers in the vortex chamber diesel with multi-jet, the hydrodynamic parameters of the fuel injection process were performed. Three types of sprays were tested. The studied sprayers differ from each other in the size of a flow section, mass of a needle, the sizes and a location the holes. It causes various sizes of delivery pressure of fuel, an oscillation frequency of a needle of the sprayer and other parameters. The received calculated dependences show that with increase in a flow section with a constant residual pressure critical pressure of a wave of supply of fuel increases. So with a residual pressure of 3 MPas critical pressure of a wave makes respectively 10, 14,4, 16,7 MPas for sprays of three types. Increase in residual pressure causes increase in critical pressure of a supply wave. Due to the need of increase in critical pressure of a fuel supply wave for multiple-jet sprayers (in comparison with bayonet) we will consider influence of the nozzle spring tension pressure on the needle opening delay time. Results of calculation of delay of opening of a needle of a nozzle for bayonet and multiple-jet sprays are presented. Studies show that the size of delay of raising of a needle of a nozzle with the multiple-jet spray with a pressure of the beginning of injection Pz = 15 mpa is closest to delay size for the bayonet spray. The result revealed that the frequency of natural oscillations and their duration slightly differ from each other (no more than 5 %). Hence it can be assumed that the use of the experimental sprayers will not exert the considerable impact on operation of sprayers from the point of view of vibration characteristics.
{"title":"Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics of sprays of nozzles of ICE","authors":"S. Altukhov, S. Shukhanov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66360","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive and tractor machinery plays an important role in technical support of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of development of agricultural production. The main energy source of these vehicles are internal combustion engines, which work is influenced highly by spraying nozzles. A comprehensive study of the qualitative indicators of their functioning allowed authors to find new practical and theoretical solutions. In the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of spraying nozzles, a theoretical analysis was used. When replacing bayonet sprinklers in the vortex chamber diesel with multi-jet, the hydrodynamic parameters of the fuel injection process were performed. Three types of sprays were tested. The studied sprayers differ from each other in the size of a flow section, mass of a needle, the sizes and a location the holes. It causes various sizes of delivery pressure of fuel, an oscillation frequency of a needle of the sprayer and other parameters. The received calculated dependences show that with increase in a flow section with a constant residual pressure critical pressure of a wave of supply of fuel increases. So with a residual pressure of 3 MPas critical pressure of a wave makes respectively 10, 14,4, 16,7 MPas for sprays of three types. Increase in residual pressure causes increase in critical pressure of a supply wave. Due to the need of increase in critical pressure of a fuel supply wave for multiple-jet sprayers (in comparison with bayonet) we will consider influence of the nozzle spring tension pressure on the needle opening delay time. Results of calculation of delay of opening of a needle of a nozzle for bayonet and multiple-jet sprays are presented. Studies show that the size of delay of raising of a needle of a nozzle with the multiple-jet spray with a pressure of the beginning of injection Pz = 15 mpa is closest to delay size for the bayonet spray. The result revealed that the frequency of natural oscillations and their duration slightly differ from each other (no more than 5 %). Hence it can be assumed that the use of the experimental sprayers will not exert the considerable impact on operation of sprayers from the point of view of vibration characteristics.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66366
Ya. V Eremenko, A. Nesmiyan, A. K. Kulakov, S. Asaturyan
In modern agricultural production, especially in areas of insufficient moisture, needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows are widely used. The purpose of these groups of tools are generally alike, however, there are separate functional features. Their knowledge, possession of objective information on consumer characteristics of these tools will allow to form more rational structure of Park of cars of the agricultural enterprises, to organize their effective operation and will promote further improvement of designs of tools. The aim of the present study is a generalized comparative analysis of operational and economic characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows. To achieve this goal, the study collected information about the main operational and agrotechnical characteristics of tooth harrows and harrow-hoes that were tested at the machine-testing stations of our country. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to conclude that the use of needle harrows in comparison with tooth harrows provides an increase in the productivity of aggregates by an average of 13...20 %, a decrease in the field surface crests by 15 % (3 mm), an increase in soil crumbling by 7 %. In equal conditions harrows-hoes damage 3...7 times less cultivated plants than tooth harrows. The fuel consumption and the uneven depth of tillage aggregates with a needle and Zubov harrows provided approximately the same performance. At the same time harrows hoes 1,83 times more metal than tooth and more labor-intensive in service. In General, it can be concluded that the performance characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows are higher than the ones, however, economic-lower.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the consumer characteristics of needle and tooth harrows","authors":"Ya. V Eremenko, A. Nesmiyan, A. K. Kulakov, S. Asaturyan","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66366","url":null,"abstract":"In modern agricultural production, especially in areas of insufficient moisture, needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows are widely used. The purpose of these groups of tools are generally alike, however, there are separate functional features. Their knowledge, possession of objective information on consumer characteristics of these tools will allow to form more rational structure of Park of cars of the agricultural enterprises, to organize their effective operation and will promote further improvement of designs of tools. The aim of the present study is a generalized comparative analysis of operational and economic characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows-hoes and tooth harrows. To achieve this goal, the study collected information about the main operational and agrotechnical characteristics of tooth harrows and harrow-hoes that were tested at the machine-testing stations of our country. The analysis of the obtained results allowed to conclude that the use of needle harrows in comparison with tooth harrows provides an increase in the productivity of aggregates by an average of 13...20 %, a decrease in the field surface crests by 15 % (3 mm), an increase in soil crumbling by 7 %. In equal conditions harrows-hoes damage 3...7 times less cultivated plants than tooth harrows. The fuel consumption and the uneven depth of tillage aggregates with a needle and Zubov harrows provided approximately the same performance. At the same time harrows hoes 1,83 times more metal than tooth and more labor-intensive in service. In General, it can be concluded that the performance characteristics and agrotechnical performance of needle harrows are higher than the ones, however, economic-lower.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115028788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66377
V. Sharipov, A. Izmaylov, A. Dorokhov, R. Fedotkin, V. Kryuchkov, M. Y. Esenovskiy-Lashkov, E. Ovchinnikov
The generated deficit in the last decades of universal tractors and tractors for the arable farming which belongs to the class 2…3, produced during the times of the USSR in the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, as well as the problems of agricultural production created conditions for intensive expansion by foreign companies which are actively conquering the domestic market. However, the foreign samples have a high cost with a low adaptation to the conditions of the regions of the Russian Federation and the lack of proper service maintenance. The question of the necessity to create the domestic universal caterpillar tractor was raised in the article, and the prerequisites for its creation are propounded. The necessity to expand the scope of application the tractor was discussed. The tractor’s potential competitive advantages in comparison with foreign analogues are pointed out, including the aggregation with a wide range of machines and implements, adjustable track, the ability to move along the different types of roads, improved maneuverability, economy and environmental friendliness, the possibility of stepless speed regulation and etc. The assumed technical solutions for the main units and systems of the tractor are described, including a power unit with an adaptation system for operation on liquefied hydrocarbon gas; transmission, containing a full-flow hydrostatic transmission or a double-flow hydrovolume-mechanical transmission with the drive to each side, as well as the drive of power takeoff shafts (front, rear and side); frame; all-season ecologically safe caterpillar chassis with rubber-reinforced tracks and elements of the caterpillar track on the basis of polymer-composite materials; a modern and comfortable cabin with a steering column. The prospective indicators of economic efficiency from the application of the tractor, as well as the prospects of further equipping the tractor with remote and autonomous control systems are pointed out.
{"title":"Creating a domestic caterpillar tractor for modern agricultural production","authors":"V. Sharipov, A. Izmaylov, A. Dorokhov, R. Fedotkin, V. Kryuchkov, M. Y. Esenovskiy-Lashkov, E. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66377","url":null,"abstract":"The generated deficit in the last decades of universal tractors and tractors for the arable farming which belongs to the class 2…3, produced during the times of the USSR in the countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, as well as the problems of agricultural production created conditions for intensive expansion by foreign companies which are actively conquering the domestic market. However, the foreign samples have a high cost with a low adaptation to the conditions of the regions of the Russian Federation and the lack of proper service maintenance. The question of the necessity to create the domestic universal caterpillar tractor was raised in the article, and the prerequisites for its creation are propounded. The necessity to expand the scope of application the tractor was discussed. The tractor’s potential competitive advantages in comparison with foreign analogues are pointed out, including the aggregation with a wide range of machines and implements, adjustable track, the ability to move along the different types of roads, improved maneuverability, economy and environmental friendliness, the possibility of stepless speed regulation and etc. The assumed technical solutions for the main units and systems of the tractor are described, including a power unit with an adaptation system for operation on liquefied hydrocarbon gas; transmission, containing a full-flow hydrostatic transmission or a double-flow hydrovolume-mechanical transmission with the drive to each side, as well as the drive of power takeoff shafts (front, rear and side); frame; all-season ecologically safe caterpillar chassis with rubber-reinforced tracks and elements of the caterpillar track on the basis of polymer-composite materials; a modern and comfortable cabin with a steering column. The prospective indicators of economic efficiency from the application of the tractor, as well as the prospects of further equipping the tractor with remote and autonomous control systems are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129790114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66430
S. E. Fedorov
The main indicator of the physical state of soils is the density of structure. When comparing the values of the equilibrium and optimal soil density for agricultural crops, the need of one or another mechanical treatment is determined. This suggests that at present the soil treatment system can not be uniform, universal, equally suitable and effective at different points in the field. It must be differentiated, adapted to soil and climatic conditions. Proceeding from the above, there appeared the idea of the need to create a combined cultivator for differentiated soil cultivation, which provided the desired predictable process of work under accomplished conditions. The purpose of the study is to reduce energy costs, improve the quality of surface preparation of the soil through the application of differentiated tillage without reducing yields. Field studies on determining density and hardness of the soil were carried out at a temperature of + 20 ± 2 °C at different depths (0 ... 10, 10 ... 20, 20 ... 30 and 30 ... 40 cm) and repeated 4 times for each depth to determine the average values of the amplitudes. The moisture content of the soil during the treatment varied from 20 % to 26 %. The limiting relative error in the measurement was 5 %. When examining the hardness and density of the soil, one point (as one dimension) was laid on 4 ... 5 hectare. The results of the studies showed that the hardness and density of the soil in different points of the field are different. Over time their values increase. The minimum values of hardness and density were observed at a depth of 0 ... 10 cm and amounted to 8 kg/cm2 and 0,94 g/cm3, maximum at a depth of 30 ... 40 cm - 34,3 kg/cm2 and 1,41 g/cm3. In this direction, we proposed the creation of an experimental combined machine for differentiated soil cultivation, which automatically changes the depth of processing, depending on the density and hardness of the soil.
{"title":"Application of differentiated tillage","authors":"S. E. Fedorov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66430","url":null,"abstract":"The main indicator of the physical state of soils is the density of structure. When comparing the values of the equilibrium and optimal soil density for agricultural crops, the need of one or another mechanical treatment is determined. This suggests that at present the soil treatment system can not be uniform, universal, equally suitable and effective at different points in the field. It must be differentiated, adapted to soil and climatic conditions. Proceeding from the above, there appeared the idea of the need to create a combined cultivator for differentiated soil cultivation, which provided the desired predictable process of work under accomplished conditions. The purpose of the study is to reduce energy costs, improve the quality of surface preparation of the soil through the application of differentiated tillage without reducing yields. Field studies on determining density and hardness of the soil were carried out at a temperature of + 20 ± 2 °C at different depths (0 ... 10, 10 ... 20, 20 ... 30 and 30 ... 40 cm) and repeated 4 times for each depth to determine the average values of the amplitudes. The moisture content of the soil during the treatment varied from 20 % to 26 %. The limiting relative error in the measurement was 5 %. When examining the hardness and density of the soil, one point (as one dimension) was laid on 4 ... 5 hectare. The results of the studies showed that the hardness and density of the soil in different points of the field are different. Over time their values increase. The minimum values of hardness and density were observed at a depth of 0 ... 10 cm and amounted to 8 kg/cm2 and 0,94 g/cm3, maximum at a depth of 30 ... 40 cm - 34,3 kg/cm2 and 1,41 g/cm3. In this direction, we proposed the creation of an experimental combined machine for differentiated soil cultivation, which automatically changes the depth of processing, depending on the density and hardness of the soil.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131227535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66388
S. Kondakov, N. V. Dubrovskiy
The article is devoted to algorithmizing the control of an autonomous vehicle by the example of the caterpillar vehicle with an onboard hydrostatic transmission. The authors developed a mathematical model which has scientific novelty, obtained the results of an analytical solution and a physical experiment that confirmed the reliability of the model and the operability of the proposed algorithm for tractor control in the automatic mode in the global positioning coordinates. The model takes into account the features of the hidostatic drive, made on-board, including mechanical and volume losses. A characteristic feature of the mathematical model is the differential equations for the industrial logic controller and the control mechanism for the inclined washer of the axial-piston adjustable hydrostatic transmission pump and the algebraic equations for conversion of the Cartesian coordinates to the global positioning coordinates. The mathematical model is implemented in the VISSIM programming environment. The object of the investigation is the industrial tractor TM-10 with hydrostatic transmission which is produced by the plant «DST-Ural» in Chelyabinsk. The physical experiment was carried out on the experimental model and showed satisfactory results. The developed algorithm is implemented in the CoDeSys environment for an industrial controller that controls the movement of production tractors. The extended mathematical model allows to assess more accurately of transient processes of the motion in the automatic mode. The formation of the control action via GPS coordinates provides new possibilities during solving the task of positioning the caterpillar vehicle in the open area. The developed algorithm allows to estimate the time which is spent on the formation of commands by microprocessor devices. The conducted investigations allowed to form new consumer properties to the industrial tractor of the plant «DST-Ural», consisting in the appeared possibility of using tractors without an operator in harmful or dangerous conditions for humans.
{"title":"Automatic control of the movement of the caterpillar vehicle with intelligent hydrostatic transmission for target designation in GPS coordinates","authors":"S. Kondakov, N. V. Dubrovskiy","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66388","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to algorithmizing the control of an autonomous vehicle by the example of the caterpillar vehicle with an onboard hydrostatic transmission. The authors developed a mathematical model which has scientific novelty, obtained the results of an analytical solution and a physical experiment that confirmed the reliability of the model and the operability of the proposed algorithm for tractor control in the automatic mode in the global positioning coordinates. The model takes into account the features of the hidostatic drive, made on-board, including mechanical and volume losses. A characteristic feature of the mathematical model is the differential equations for the industrial logic controller and the control mechanism for the inclined washer of the axial-piston adjustable hydrostatic transmission pump and the algebraic equations for conversion of the Cartesian coordinates to the global positioning coordinates. The mathematical model is implemented in the VISSIM programming environment. The object of the investigation is the industrial tractor TM-10 with hydrostatic transmission which is produced by the plant «DST-Ural» in Chelyabinsk. The physical experiment was carried out on the experimental model and showed satisfactory results. The developed algorithm is implemented in the CoDeSys environment for an industrial controller that controls the movement of production tractors. The extended mathematical model allows to assess more accurately of transient processes of the motion in the automatic mode. The formation of the control action via GPS coordinates provides new possibilities during solving the task of positioning the caterpillar vehicle in the open area. The developed algorithm allows to estimate the time which is spent on the formation of commands by microprocessor devices. The conducted investigations allowed to form new consumer properties to the industrial tractor of the plant «DST-Ural», consisting in the appeared possibility of using tractors without an operator in harmful or dangerous conditions for humans.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130591105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66416
A. Sibirev, A. Dorokhov, A. Aksenov
A special feature of harvesting onion is that the composition of the impurities of the onion-soil heap coming from digging up to the separating working organs is soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs, which are difficult to separate into slit (bar elevators, screens) working organs. Secondary separation of onion on the most common secondary separation devices - pinholes - is restrained by the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the harvested onions. In well-ripened onions with dead tops the roll-off angles are clearly separated from the rolling-off angles of plant and small soil impurities, but when the undersized tops are separated, it is difficult to separate bulbs and impurities from the paltry hill. The separation of root crops and onions from impurities in mechanical separators is based on the physico-mechanical properties of the interacting products: friction coefficients, surface shape factors, speed recovery coefficients, mass, density and strength characteristics. This circumstance is caused by the fact that the excretion of soil lumps on the slit working bodies (rod conveyors and screens) occurs according to dimensional features and this does not lead to the solution of the existing problem: the separation of soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs. The article presents the design of a cylindrical soil purifier that ensures the maximum completeness of separation of a heap of onions from soil impurities, including from commensurate soil lumps. The results of theoretical studies of a cylindrical soil purifier on the substantiation of structural and process parameters during the separation of onion-seed heap from soil impurities are presented.
{"title":"Substantiation of constructive and technological parameters of a cylindrical cleaner of soil impurities of onion harvester","authors":"A. Sibirev, A. Dorokhov, A. Aksenov","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66416","url":null,"abstract":"A special feature of harvesting onion is that the composition of the impurities of the onion-soil heap coming from digging up to the separating working organs is soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs, which are difficult to separate into slit (bar elevators, screens) working organs. Secondary separation of onion on the most common secondary separation devices - pinholes - is restrained by the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the harvested onions. In well-ripened onions with dead tops the roll-off angles are clearly separated from the rolling-off angles of plant and small soil impurities, but when the undersized tops are separated, it is difficult to separate bulbs and impurities from the paltry hill. The separation of root crops and onions from impurities in mechanical separators is based on the physico-mechanical properties of the interacting products: friction coefficients, surface shape factors, speed recovery coefficients, mass, density and strength characteristics. This circumstance is caused by the fact that the excretion of soil lumps on the slit working bodies (rod conveyors and screens) occurs according to dimensional features and this does not lead to the solution of the existing problem: the separation of soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs. The article presents the design of a cylindrical soil purifier that ensures the maximum completeness of separation of a heap of onions from soil impurities, including from commensurate soil lumps. The results of theoretical studies of a cylindrical soil purifier on the substantiation of structural and process parameters during the separation of onion-seed heap from soil impurities are presented.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124358278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66358
R. R. Gimazetdinov, A. Malozemov, V. S. Kukis
The subject of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of a small-scale heat electropower station that can be used as stationary and primary, reserve or additional source of electrical and thermal energy. The object of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of the diesel engine D 180 and the small-scale heat electropower station on the basis of the diesel generator plant DGU-100C produced by JSC «ChTZ». The aim of the investigation was an experimental estimation of the efficient use of the diesel engine’s waste heat recovery system. The recovery system was consisted of an original heat exchanger for the recovery of the waste heat of the diesel engine’s cooling system, the waste heat of the lubricating system, the centers of which is made in a common housing, and the heat exchanger for the recovery of the exhaust gases waste heat from the diesel engine (pre-heater boiler PZD-600). The article presents the small-scale heat electropower station’s arrangement with the waste heat recovery system, the original heat exchanger arrangement and a scheme of the small-scale heat electropower station with the waste heat recovery system. The principle of operation of the proposed system is described. In comparison with the known constructions, in the proposed cogeneration power plant there is no need to separately regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid and the lubricating oil at the inlet to the piston internal combustion engine and the necessity to use an additional liquid-oil heat exchanger or oil cooler in the operation of the cogeneration plant without thermal load. Collectively, it was ensured a reduction of the complexity, material consumption and overall dimensions of the recovery system and the cogeneration power plant in general. The absolute economic effect from the using of the waste heat recovery system is 240…300 thousand rubles for the engine life, specific - 22…28 rubles/h. The payback period of the waste heat recovery system is less than a year. The obtained results convincingly indicate the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed system of waste heat recovery of the diesel engine D 180 of a small-scale heat electropower station based on the DGU-100S.
{"title":"Gimazetdinov R.R., Malozemov A.A., Kukis V.S. Diesel-generator plant with the recovery of waste heat of the piston engine","authors":"R. R. Gimazetdinov, A. Malozemov, V. S. Kukis","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66358","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of a small-scale heat electropower station that can be used as stationary and primary, reserve or additional source of electrical and thermal energy. The object of the investigation was the waste heat recovery system of the diesel engine D 180 and the small-scale heat electropower station on the basis of the diesel generator plant DGU-100C produced by JSC «ChTZ». The aim of the investigation was an experimental estimation of the efficient use of the diesel engine’s waste heat recovery system. The recovery system was consisted of an original heat exchanger for the recovery of the waste heat of the diesel engine’s cooling system, the waste heat of the lubricating system, the centers of which is made in a common housing, and the heat exchanger for the recovery of the exhaust gases waste heat from the diesel engine (pre-heater boiler PZD-600). The article presents the small-scale heat electropower station’s arrangement with the waste heat recovery system, the original heat exchanger arrangement and a scheme of the small-scale heat electropower station with the waste heat recovery system. The principle of operation of the proposed system is described. In comparison with the known constructions, in the proposed cogeneration power plant there is no need to separately regulate the temperature of the cooling liquid and the lubricating oil at the inlet to the piston internal combustion engine and the necessity to use an additional liquid-oil heat exchanger or oil cooler in the operation of the cogeneration plant without thermal load. Collectively, it was ensured a reduction of the complexity, material consumption and overall dimensions of the recovery system and the cogeneration power plant in general. The absolute economic effect from the using of the waste heat recovery system is 240…300 thousand rubles for the engine life, specific - 22…28 rubles/h. The payback period of the waste heat recovery system is less than a year. The obtained results convincingly indicate the economic feasibility of implementing the proposed system of waste heat recovery of the diesel engine D 180 of a small-scale heat electropower station based on the DGU-100S.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-15DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66402
A. N. Netrusov, V. Fomin
The purpose of this paper is to search for the optimal configuration of the variable parameters of the reinforcing layer of a compressor wheel made of a composite material. The composite material considered in this paper is a carbon matrix filled with carbon fiber. Variable parameters were the fiber fraction in the composite, the total thickness of the reinforcing layer, and the fiber fraction in the composite oriented in the circumferential direction of the disk. The objective function in this study is the safety factor of the wheel. The parameters were optimized by the Gauss-Seidel method. At each optimization step, the problem of the theory of thermoelasticity of anisotropic media was solved by the finite element method. In the course of the study it was found that the maximum safety factor of the wheel 1,15 is achieved with the maximum fiber fraction in the composite, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 1,4 mm and the fiber fraction 0,581 oriented in the circumferential direction. The deformations of the wheel with the above parameters remain at an acceptable level. According to the results of calculations it is established that it is possible to increase the level of manufacturability of the impeller production due to the transition to the reinforcement of the disk only in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the reduction of the general safety factor will be less than 6 %. Proceeding from the results obtained during the optimization process, it follows that in the future the optimization problem for the component base considered in the work can be carried out only with respect to the fiber fraction oriented in the circumferential direction. In the final part of the work, an analysis of the mass-inertial characteristics of a composite wheel with a wheel produced using traditional technology was made. The mass and moment of inertia of the rotor in the case of a wheel from composite material will be reduced by 11 % and 18 %, respectively.
{"title":"Optimization of the reinforcing layer of the compressor wheel from the composite material of the diesel turbocharger","authors":"A. N. Netrusov, V. Fomin","doi":"10.17816/0321-4443-66402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66402","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to search for the optimal configuration of the variable parameters of the reinforcing layer of a compressor wheel made of a composite material. The composite material considered in this paper is a carbon matrix filled with carbon fiber. Variable parameters were the fiber fraction in the composite, the total thickness of the reinforcing layer, and the fiber fraction in the composite oriented in the circumferential direction of the disk. The objective function in this study is the safety factor of the wheel. The parameters were optimized by the Gauss-Seidel method. At each optimization step, the problem of the theory of thermoelasticity of anisotropic media was solved by the finite element method. In the course of the study it was found that the maximum safety factor of the wheel 1,15 is achieved with the maximum fiber fraction in the composite, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 1,4 mm and the fiber fraction 0,581 oriented in the circumferential direction. The deformations of the wheel with the above parameters remain at an acceptable level. According to the results of calculations it is established that it is possible to increase the level of manufacturability of the impeller production due to the transition to the reinforcement of the disk only in the circumferential direction. At the same time, the reduction of the general safety factor will be less than 6 %. Proceeding from the results obtained during the optimization process, it follows that in the future the optimization problem for the component base considered in the work can be carried out only with respect to the fiber fraction oriented in the circumferential direction. In the final part of the work, an analysis of the mass-inertial characteristics of a composite wheel with a wheel produced using traditional technology was made. The mass and moment of inertia of the rotor in the case of a wheel from composite material will be reduced by 11 % and 18 %, respectively.","PeriodicalId":136662,"journal":{"name":"Traktory i sel hozmashiny","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130616034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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