CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians最新文献

In order to maintain the high standards of CA’s content, the Editors of CA rely on the knowledge and dedication of many experts in deciding which topics to pursue, which manuscripts to publish, and what modifications to make to ensure medical and scientific accuracy and suitability for our readers. We thank our Associate Editors and our Editorial Advisory Board, who continue to provide these services for us time and time again.

We are also greatly indebted to the effort and expertise of the following individuals for reviewing manuscripts for the journal from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023. These individuals go beyond expectations by consistently and expeditiously delivering comprehensive, discerning reviews.

Larry Anderson Jr.

Mary Beth Beasley

Jacques Beauvais

Paul Bunn

George Calin

Steve Cohen

John Cramer

Sophie Dream

Marc Emerson

Cecilia Ethun

Martine Extermann

Sarah Fisher

Edward Garon

Hans Gerdes

Miriam Gotte

John Grecula

Alessandro Gronchi

Carmen Guerra

Dana Guyer

Sudath Hapuarachchige

Thatcher Heumann

Amanda M. Hopp

Anna Kaltsas

Hormuzd Katki

Pamela Kunz

Laura Lambert

Lisa X. Lee

Hyunjung Lee

Stephenie Lemon

Cynthia Ma

Allison Magnuson

Deana Manassaram-Baptiste

Charles Matthews

Jessica McDermott

Lorna McWilliams

Jane Meisel

Craig Messick

Joseph Misdraji

Kristen Ness

Brenda Nevidjon

Electra Paskett

Sameer Patel

Mauro Pittiruti

Richard Riedel

Flavio Rocha

Ari J. Rosenberg

Marilyn Roubidoux

Nicole Stout

Kevin ten Haaf

Richard Wein

Rudolf Werner

Lily Yang

Lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer mainly involves the external/internal iliac and obturator nodes as the primary lymphatic drainage sites of the bladder, and common iliac sites as the secondary drainage. Lymph node involvement above the diaphragm is rare. Metastasis to the head and neck region is associated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Herein, we report a case of cervical cutaneous and lymph node metastases in a patient with bladder cancer. This is a rare case of advanced urothelial carcinoma presenting as an aggressive inflammatory process with extensive lymph node involvement, without bony or visceral metastasis.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality and person-years of life lost from cancer among US men and women. Early detection has been shown to be associated with reduced lung cancer mortality. Our objective was to update the American Cancer Society (ACS) 2013 lung cancer screening (LCS) guideline for adults at high risk for lung cancer. The guideline is intended to provide guidance for screening to health care providers and their patients who are at high risk for lung cancer due to a history of smoking. The ACS Guideline Development Group (GDG) utilized a systematic review of the LCS literature commissioned for the US Preventive Services Task Force 2021 LCS recommendation update; a second systematic review of lung cancer risk associated with years since quitting smoking (YSQ); literature published since 2021; two Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network-validated lung cancer models to assess the benefits and harms of screening; an epidemiologic and modeling analysis examining the effect of YSQ and aging on lung cancer risk; and an updated analysis of benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios from LCS and follow-up examinations. The GDG also examined disease burden data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Formulation of recommendations was based on the quality of the evidence and judgment (incorporating values and preferences) about the balance of benefits and harms. The GDG judged that the overall evidence was moderate and sufficient to support a strong recommendation for screening individuals who meet the eligibility criteria. LCS in men and women aged 50–80 years is associated with a reduction in lung cancer deaths across a range of study designs, and inferential evidence supports LCS for men and women older than 80 years who are in good health. The ACS recommends annual LCS with low-dose computed tomography for asymptomatic individuals aged 50–80 years who currently smoke or formerly smoked and have a ≥20 pack-year smoking history (strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence). Before the decision is made to initiate LCS, individuals should engage in a shared decision-making discussion with a qualified health professional. For individuals who formerly smoked, the number of YSQ is not an eligibility criterion to begin or to stop screening. Individuals who currently smoke should receive counseling to quit and be connected to cessation resources. Individuals with comorbid conditions that substantially limit life expectancy should not be screened. These recommendations should be considered by health care providers and adults at high risk for lung cancer in discussions about LCS. If fully implemented, these recommendations have a high likelihood of significantly reducing death and suffering from lung cancer in the United States.

The progression of cancer involves a critical step in which malignant cells escape from control by the immune system. Antineoplastic agents are particularly efficient when they succeed in restoring such control (immunosurveillance) or at least establish an equilibrium state that slows down disease progression. This is true not only for immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but also for conventional chemotherapy, targeted anticancer agents, and radiation therapy. Thus, therapeutics that stress and kill cancer cells while provoking a tumor-targeting immune response, referred to as immunogenic cell death, are particularly useful in combination with ICIs. Modern oncology regimens are increasingly using such combinations, which are referred to as chemoimmunotherapy, as well as combinations of multiple ICIs. However, the latter are generally associated with severe side effects compared with single-agent ICIs. Of note, the success of these combinatorial strategies against locally advanced or metastatic cancers is now spurring successful attempts to move them past the postoperative (adjuvant) setting to the preoperative (neoadjuvant) setting, even for patients with operable cancers. Here, the authors critically discuss the importance of immunosurveillance in modern clinical cancer management.

Rutika Mehta has served on advisory boards for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Astellas Pharma US Inc., Novartis, BostonGene, Guardant Health, SeaGen Inc., and Natera; and on a Data and Safety Monitoring Board for Arcus Biosciences outside the submitted work. Christine Walko is employed by Mission Healthcare, has stock and ownership interests in Nabriva Therapeutics, and has served on advisory boards or as a consultant for Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Intermountain Precision Genomics, and Clarified Precision Medicine outside the submitted work. Laura Barton reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. Gregory Lauwers reports consulting fees from ALIMENTIV outside the submitted work. The remaining authors disclosed no conflicts of interest.

Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical parts of the care paradigm. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of these cancers, they are best managed in a multidisciplinary program. In this review, the authors highlight standards of care as well as exciting new research for salivary gland cancers that will strive for better patient outcomes.