Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167695
S. Sudha, M. Masilamani Selvam
In the search of novel anticancer compounds we have taken an initiative to isolate halophilic actinomycetes from Tamilnadu coast. Fifty-two actinomycetes were isolated from the coastal soil samples of Pulicat, Ennore, Muttukadu, and Veerampattinam. Out of 52 isolates only 10 were subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and one of the most potent cytotoxic isolate, which is the inhabitant of Veerampattinam was studied further. Crude extract of the active isolate exhibited LC50 in 62.5 µg against Hep-2 cell line, < 250µg in VERO cell line. The crude extract was purified by TLC and then characterized by using GC-MS. The following compounds diisobutyl phthalate (16.82%) and 1,2-Benzenedicaarboxylic acid, Bis(2-ehtylehexyl) ester (65.26%) were found abundantly with retention time 15.645, 21.620 respectively. Morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical assay and 16s rRNA sequencing results the active strain was identified as Streptomyces and closely related to the species Streptomyces coelicolor also submitted to GENBANK. It is inferred that Streptomyces coelicolor strain SU5 producing anticancer compounds and these may be processed further for its commercial application. This study clearly proves that the marine sediment derived actinomycetes with bioactive metabolites can be expected to provide high quality biological material for high throughout biochemical and anticancer screening programs.
{"title":"Characterization of cytotoxic compound from marine sediment derived new actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor strain SU5","authors":"S. Sudha, M. Masilamani Selvam","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167695","url":null,"abstract":"In the search of novel anticancer compounds we have taken an initiative to isolate halophilic actinomycetes from Tamilnadu coast. Fifty-two actinomycetes were isolated from the coastal soil samples of Pulicat, Ennore, Muttukadu, and Veerampattinam. Out of 52 isolates only 10 were subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and one of the most potent cytotoxic isolate, which is the inhabitant of Veerampattinam was studied further. Crude extract of the active isolate exhibited LC50 in 62.5 µg against Hep-2 cell line, < 250µg in VERO cell line. The crude extract was purified by TLC and then characterized by using GC-MS. The following compounds diisobutyl phthalate (16.82%) and 1,2-Benzenedicaarboxylic acid, Bis(2-ehtylehexyl) ester (65.26%) were found abundantly with retention time 15.645, 21.620 respectively. Morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical assay and 16s rRNA sequencing results the active strain was identified as Streptomyces and closely related to the species Streptomyces coelicolor also submitted to GENBANK. It is inferred that Streptomyces coelicolor strain SU5 producing anticancer compounds and these may be processed further for its commercial application. This study clearly proves that the marine sediment derived actinomycetes with bioactive metabolites can be expected to provide high quality biological material for high throughout biochemical and anticancer screening programs.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"4040 2 1","pages":"366-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86728412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167679
S. Subhashini, S. Nagan
This paper presents a case study of different educational institutions in the hot humid region of Madurai which has used various sustainable methods and techniques to improve indoor thermal comfort in buildings during the warm period. Energy efficient passive design of educational institutions in hot humid climate regions can contribute to significant energy savings and improve the students' learning environment. The objective of this paper is to study the various sustainable methods to reduce the embodied energy and passive techniques to create a thermally comfortable environment for learning for hot humid climate regions. Result of this paper- is to come out with effective strategies to make use of locally available materials and to overcome the state of thermal discomfort with minimum energy utilization.
{"title":"Potentials for thermal comfort through energy efficient passive design techniques in educational institutions in the hot humid climatic region of Madurai","authors":"S. Subhashini, S. Nagan","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study of different educational institutions in the hot humid region of Madurai which has used various sustainable methods and techniques to improve indoor thermal comfort in buildings during the warm period. Energy efficient passive design of educational institutions in hot humid climate regions can contribute to significant energy savings and improve the students' learning environment. The objective of this paper is to study the various sustainable methods to reduce the embodied energy and passive techniques to create a thermally comfortable environment for learning for hot humid climate regions. Result of this paper- is to come out with effective strategies to make use of locally available materials and to overcome the state of thermal discomfort with minimum energy utilization.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"31 1","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89930145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167647
S. Bhandarkar
This paper deals with the pollution emitted by the Diesel buses of Bangalore Municipal Transport Corporation and suggestions to reduce the emission levels by the use of an alternative clean fuel CNG. The pollution loads have been calculated and compared by considering usage of the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in place of conventional diesel buses. To carry out this study, the Bangalore Municipal Transport Corporation was considered and collected the required information such as the total number of buses, daily kilometres operated by the BMTC buses. Total diesel consumption every day was also collected. These buses run on diesel fuel and are responsible for largest amount of lead emissions and various other pollutants. The pollution loads calculated on the basis of information collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Environment Protection Agency and previous studies carried out in this regard by various important agencies. The use of CNG shows tremendous reduction in various pollutants in gm/km. By the use of CNG we can find 84% reduction in CO, 58% reduction in nox and 97% reduction in PM. We can conclude that in Bangalore city (India) we can reduce CO to 9401.67 tons/year, nox to 56797.44 tons/year and PM to 1729.917 tons/year.
{"title":"Reduction in pollution levels by the use of clean fuel CNG in Bangalore Municipal Transport Corporation buses","authors":"S. Bhandarkar","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167647","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the pollution emitted by the Diesel buses of Bangalore Municipal Transport Corporation and suggestions to reduce the emission levels by the use of an alternative clean fuel CNG. The pollution loads have been calculated and compared by considering usage of the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in place of conventional diesel buses. To carry out this study, the Bangalore Municipal Transport Corporation was considered and collected the required information such as the total number of buses, daily kilometres operated by the BMTC buses. Total diesel consumption every day was also collected. These buses run on diesel fuel and are responsible for largest amount of lead emissions and various other pollutants. The pollution loads calculated on the basis of information collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Environment Protection Agency and previous studies carried out in this regard by various important agencies. The use of CNG shows tremendous reduction in various pollutants in gm/km. By the use of CNG we can find 84% reduction in CO, 58% reduction in nox and 97% reduction in PM. We can conclude that in Bangalore city (India) we can reduce CO to 9401.67 tons/year, nox to 56797.44 tons/year and PM to 1729.917 tons/year.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"31 1","pages":"100-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80327401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167659
C. Parveen, A. Kumar, T. Narasimha Rao
An integrated approach to reducing environmental waste and increasing productivity is required in all industries. Although lean manufacturing is a resolutely recognized approach to maximizing the productivity, the methodical studies aimed at the integration of lean and green supply chain in environmental benefits is still relatively insufficient. The objective of this paper is to explore the capabilities of lean supply chain in green technology and environmental performance. This paper analyses the lean supply chain tools based on the data related to the industries using lean manufacturing principles. Investigation of the environmental performance of lean supply chain is done with environmental waste reduction as the key performance indicator. This paper has identified fifteen lean tools that help in greening the supply chain and effectively integrate lean and green supply chain in increasing productivity and improving environmental efficiencies.
{"title":"Integration of lean and green supply chain - Impact on manufacturing firms in improving environmental efficiencies","authors":"C. Parveen, A. Kumar, T. Narasimha Rao","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167659","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated approach to reducing environmental waste and increasing productivity is required in all industries. Although lean manufacturing is a resolutely recognized approach to maximizing the productivity, the methodical studies aimed at the integration of lean and green supply chain in environmental benefits is still relatively insufficient. The objective of this paper is to explore the capabilities of lean supply chain in green technology and environmental performance. This paper analyses the lean supply chain tools based on the data related to the industries using lean manufacturing principles. Investigation of the environmental performance of lean supply chain is done with environmental waste reduction as the key performance indicator. This paper has identified fifteen lean tools that help in greening the supply chain and effectively integrate lean and green supply chain in increasing productivity and improving environmental efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"13 1","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75106987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167655
M. Velan, K. Kayalvizhi
Biosorption of lead (II) ions onto rhizoclonium species was investigated with the variation in the parameters of pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage and lead (II) concentrations and temperatures. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of algae with and without biosorption revealed the presence of O-H stretching vibration at 3402cm−1 and it shifted to 3371cm−1, which indicates the biosorption of Pb (II) ions. The lead (II) biosorption equilibrium was attained within 30 min. The equilibrium experimental data were tested using the most common isotherms. The results are best fitted by the Freundlich model among two-parameter models isotherm models for Pb (II). The kinetic data were fitted by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. From the results obtained, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the biosorption of lead ions. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were calculated and it was found that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic and is favored at higher temperature.
{"title":"Biosorption of heavy metals using fresh water algae","authors":"M. Velan, K. Kayalvizhi","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167655","url":null,"abstract":"Biosorption of lead (II) ions onto rhizoclonium species was investigated with the variation in the parameters of pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage and lead (II) concentrations and temperatures. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of algae with and without biosorption revealed the presence of O-H stretching vibration at 3402cm−1 and it shifted to 3371cm−1, which indicates the biosorption of Pb (II) ions. The lead (II) biosorption equilibrium was attained within 30 min. The equilibrium experimental data were tested using the most common isotherms. The results are best fitted by the Freundlich model among two-parameter models isotherm models for Pb (II). The kinetic data were fitted by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. From the results obtained, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best describes the biosorption of lead ions. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) were calculated and it was found that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic and is favored at higher temperature.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"37 1","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75484238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167685
R. Dhanalakshmi, S. Palaniswami
This paper presents an analysis of multi stage fuzzy logic control application for load frequency control of isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. Due to the sudden load changes and intermittent wind power, large frequency fluctuation problem can occur. An effective controller for stabilizing frequency oscillations and maintaining the system frequency within acceptable range is significantly required. The load frequency control (LFC) deviates the frequency deviation and maintains dynamic performance of the system. As fuzzy logic control approach can be easily implemented in practical systems, the fuzzy logic control has been applied to design LFC system. In this paper, multi stage Fuzzy logic PID controller is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. Simulations are performed for this hybrid system with the proposed multi stage Fuzzy Logic PID controller, conventional PI controller and Fuzzy logic controller with different load disturbances and wind input disturbances. The performance of the proposed approach is verified from simulations and comparisons. Simulation results explicitly show that the performance of the proposed multi stage Fuzzy Logic PID Controller is superior to the conventional PI controller and Fuzzy logic controller in terms of overshoot, settling time and steady state error against various load changes and variations of wind inputs.
本文分析了多级模糊逻辑控制在隔离型风电-柴油混合动力系统负荷频率控制中的应用。由于负荷的突然变化和风力发电的间歇性，会出现较大的频率波动问题。需要一种有效的控制器来稳定频率振荡并使系统频率保持在可接受的范围内。负载频率控制(load frequency control, LFC)控制系统的频率偏差，保持系统的动态性能。由于模糊逻辑控制方法易于在实际系统中实现，模糊逻辑控制已被应用于LFC系统的设计。本文提出了一种多级模糊PID控制器，用于隔离型风力-柴油混合动力系统的负荷频率控制。采用多级模糊PID控制器、传统PI控制器和模糊控制器分别对该混合系统在不同负载扰动和风输入扰动下进行了仿真。仿真和比较验证了该方法的有效性。仿真结果表明，所提出的多级模糊PID控制器在各种负荷变化和风输入变化下的超调量、稳定时间和稳态误差均优于传统的PI控制器和模糊控制器。
{"title":"Application of multi stage fuzzy logic control for Load Frequency Control of an isolated wind diesel hybrid power system","authors":"R. Dhanalakshmi, S. Palaniswami","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of multi stage fuzzy logic control application for load frequency control of isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. Due to the sudden load changes and intermittent wind power, large frequency fluctuation problem can occur. An effective controller for stabilizing frequency oscillations and maintaining the system frequency within acceptable range is significantly required. The load frequency control (LFC) deviates the frequency deviation and maintains dynamic performance of the system. As fuzzy logic control approach can be easily implemented in practical systems, the fuzzy logic control has been applied to design LFC system. In this paper, multi stage Fuzzy logic PID controller is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. Simulations are performed for this hybrid system with the proposed multi stage Fuzzy Logic PID controller, conventional PI controller and Fuzzy logic controller with different load disturbances and wind input disturbances. The performance of the proposed approach is verified from simulations and comparisons. Simulation results explicitly show that the performance of the proposed multi stage Fuzzy Logic PID Controller is superior to the conventional PI controller and Fuzzy logic controller in terms of overshoot, settling time and steady state error against various load changes and variations of wind inputs.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"6 1","pages":"309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76976728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167694
S. Nandhini, M. Selvam
Streptomyces species are the source of 70% of known antibiotics and they live in the soil where they encounter antibiotics produced by competing microbes, including other actinomycetes. Antibacterial activity of streptomycetes isolated from muttukkad area in Tamil Nadu has been studied. A total of 50 streptomycetes were subjected to primary screening by cross streak method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species) test bacteria. It was observed that 5 isolates were active against all bacteria. Altogether 5 putative isolates were subjected to secondary screening by agar well diffusion method to further test the capabilities of primarily screened organisms. Finally 1 isolates Streptomyces species were selected for further study on the basis of broad spectrum activity . The antibacterial substances were extracted with ethyl acetate from isolate-inoculated starch-casein broth fermented for 7 days at 28°C by solvent extraction method. The crude extract were subjected to secondary screening. Out of 5 isolates only one isolate showed more activity against all the microbial pathogens. The most potential isolate was identified as Streptomyces cacaoi SU2 (JF730119) based on its morphological, cultural, biochemical features and also confirmed by 16s rRNA partial gene sequencing.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of the streptomycetes isolated from marine soil sample","authors":"S. Nandhini, M. Selvam","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167694","url":null,"abstract":"Streptomyces species are the source of 70% of known antibiotics and they live in the soil where they encounter antibiotics produced by competing microbes, including other actinomycetes. Antibacterial activity of streptomycetes isolated from muttukkad area in Tamil Nadu has been studied. A total of 50 streptomycetes were subjected to primary screening by cross streak method against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Pseudomonas species) test bacteria. It was observed that 5 isolates were active against all bacteria. Altogether 5 putative isolates were subjected to secondary screening by agar well diffusion method to further test the capabilities of primarily screened organisms. Finally 1 isolates Streptomyces species were selected for further study on the basis of broad spectrum activity . The antibacterial substances were extracted with ethyl acetate from isolate-inoculated starch-casein broth fermented for 7 days at 28°C by solvent extraction method. The crude extract were subjected to secondary screening. Out of 5 isolates only one isolate showed more activity against all the microbial pathogens. The most potential isolate was identified as Streptomyces cacaoi SU2 (JF730119) based on its morphological, cultural, biochemical features and also confirmed by 16s rRNA partial gene sequencing.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"5 1","pages":"362-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84457729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167666
S. Rekha, K. Srinvasan
Methane sulphonic acid is most promising eco friendly acid replacing highly polluting acids like HF. In this study a novel eco friendly electroless copper methane sulphonate bath has been developed. The source material is copper methane sulphonate, which has high solubility, EDTA as chelating agent, glyoxylic acid as chelating agent and NaOH is used as a pH adjuster. The bath is optimized for the parameters affecting the rate of deposition. SEM studies shows refined grain size and thus a promising eco-friendly bath is developed.
{"title":"A novel eco-friendly bath for electroless copper deposition","authors":"S. Rekha, K. Srinvasan","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167666","url":null,"abstract":"Methane sulphonic acid is most promising eco friendly acid replacing highly polluting acids like HF. In this study a novel eco friendly electroless copper methane sulphonate bath has been developed. The source material is copper methane sulphonate, which has high solubility, EDTA as chelating agent, glyoxylic acid as chelating agent and NaOH is used as a pH adjuster. The bath is optimized for the parameters affecting the rate of deposition. SEM studies shows refined grain size and thus a promising eco-friendly bath is developed.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"20 1","pages":"182-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88357842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167692
U. Ashadevi, V. Immanuel, T. Usharani
This study described adsorption of Reactive Red120 (RR120) by cotton shell and neem bark in batch and fixed-bed column modes at 293 K. The kinetic and equilibrium of adsorption in batch mode were studied. Nonlinear regressive method was used to obtain relative parameters of adsorption models. The kinetic process was better described by a -first-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption was effectively described by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value of C1 from the Langmuir model was 34.375, (RR120 by NB), 33.33, (RR120 by CS), mg/g, Langmuir adsorption intensity Kd had value of 0.2909,(RRNB), 0.25, (RRCS) and the value of Freundlich adsorption capacity Kf is 2.664 (1/n)=0.38(RR120 NB), 2.691 (1/n)=0.44(RR120 CS) . In fixed-bed column adsorption, the effects of bed height, feed flow rate, and inlet Reactive Red120(RR120) concentration were studied by assessing breakthrough curve. The column data were fitted by the Thomas, Clark and modified dose-response models. The modified dose-response model was best to fit the breakthrough curves at experimental conditions. Box behnken design was successfully employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. The combined effect of pH, temperature and Dye concentatration on the dye adsorption was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum pH, temperature, and dye concentration were found to be 6.46,32.22°C and 12.60 for Reactive Red120(RR120) by cotton Shell and the optimum pH, temperature, and dye concentration were found to be 6.37, 30.82°C and 11.65 for Reactive Red120(RR120) by neem bark.The results were implied that cotton shell and neem bark may be suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorption of Reactive Red(RR120) from an aqueous solution.
研究了在293 K条件下，棉壳和印楝树皮对活性红120 (RR120)的间歇吸附和固定床柱吸附。研究了间歇式吸附的动力学和吸附平衡。采用非线性回归方法获得吸附模型的相关参数。用一阶动力学模型更好地描述了反应的动力学过程。Freundlich吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温线有效地描述了平衡吸附。Langmuir模型的C1值为34.375，(RR120 by NB)， 33.33， (RR120 by CS)， mg/g, Langmuir吸附强度Kd值为0.2909，(RRNB)， 0.25， (RRCS)， Freundlich吸附容量Kf值为2.664 (1/n)=0.38(RR120 NB)， 2.691 (1/n)=0.44(RR120 CS)。在固定床柱吸附中，通过评价突破曲线，研究了床层高度、进料流量和进口反应性Red120(RR120)浓度对吸附效果的影响。柱数据由Thomas, Clark和修正的剂量-反应模型拟合。修正后的剂量-响应模型在实验条件下最能拟合突破曲线。试验设计和结果分析成功地采用了箱形设计。采用响应面法考察了pH、温度和染料浓度对染料吸附的综合影响，并对其进行了优化。结果表明，以棉花壳为原料的活性红120(RR120)的最佳pH、温度和染料浓度分别为6.46、32.22℃和12.60℃;以印楝树皮为原料的活性红120(RR120)的最佳pH、温度和染料浓度分别为6.37、30.82℃和11.65℃。结果表明，棉壳和楝树皮可作为吸附活性红(RR120)的吸附剂。
{"title":"Fixed bed column study for the removal of reactive red 120(Rr120) dye from aquatic environment by low cost adsorbents","authors":"U. Ashadevi, V. Immanuel, T. Usharani","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167692","url":null,"abstract":"This study described adsorption of Reactive Red120 (RR120) by cotton shell and neem bark in batch and fixed-bed column modes at 293 K. The kinetic and equilibrium of adsorption in batch mode were studied. Nonlinear regressive method was used to obtain relative parameters of adsorption models. The kinetic process was better described by a -first-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption was effectively described by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The value of C1 from the Langmuir model was 34.375, (RR120 by NB), 33.33, (RR120 by CS), mg/g, Langmuir adsorption intensity Kd had value of 0.2909,(RRNB), 0.25, (RRCS) and the value of Freundlich adsorption capacity Kf is 2.664 (1/n)=0.38(RR120 NB), 2.691 (1/n)=0.44(RR120 CS) . In fixed-bed column adsorption, the effects of bed height, feed flow rate, and inlet Reactive Red120(RR120) concentration were studied by assessing breakthrough curve. The column data were fitted by the Thomas, Clark and modified dose-response models. The modified dose-response model was best to fit the breakthrough curves at experimental conditions. Box behnken design was successfully employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. The combined effect of pH, temperature and Dye concentatration on the dye adsorption was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum pH, temperature, and dye concentration were found to be 6.46,32.22°C and 12.60 for Reactive Red120(RR120) by cotton Shell and the optimum pH, temperature, and dye concentration were found to be 6.37, 30.82°C and 11.65 for Reactive Red120(RR120) by neem bark.The results were implied that cotton shell and neem bark may be suitable as an adsorbent material for adsorption of Reactive Red(RR120) from an aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"33 1","pages":"347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85594980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167658
U. Rai, Y. Bharath, Vinaykumar H. Shetty, J. Patil, M. A. Raj
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the fastest growing aquatic weed known to man. They are free-floating perennial aquatic plants with broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves with long, spongy and bulbous stalks. The feathery, freely hanging roots are purple-black. In India, water hyacinth is largely found in the Kerala Backwaters. But, this natural beauty can be quite deceiving. It chokes waterways, blocks sunlight from reaching native aquatic plants, starves the water of oxygen, killing fish (or turtles) and is a habitat for disease causing vectors. Attempts to curb its fast spread have proved to be futile. However this deleterious weed is a potential source of biomass to produce biogas, which is an eco-friendly biofuel. In this study, primary sludge, obtained from sewage treatment plant was used as inoculum at mesophilic conditions. A series of laboratory experiments using 0.25l bio-digesters were performed in batch operation mode and modified Gompertz equation was fitted. The kinetic parameters, biogas yield potential (P), the maximum biogas production rate (Rm) and the duration of lag phase (λ) were estimated in each case. The results show that Primary Sludge Inoculum (PSI) improved biogas yield significantly and nearly two times when compared to water hyacinth substrate without PSI.
{"title":"Kinetics of anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth using primary sludge as inoculum","authors":"U. Rai, Y. Bharath, Vinaykumar H. Shetty, J. Patil, M. A. Raj","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167658","url":null,"abstract":"Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the fastest growing aquatic weed known to man. They are free-floating perennial aquatic plants with broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves with long, spongy and bulbous stalks. The feathery, freely hanging roots are purple-black. In India, water hyacinth is largely found in the Kerala Backwaters. But, this natural beauty can be quite deceiving. It chokes waterways, blocks sunlight from reaching native aquatic plants, starves the water of oxygen, killing fish (or turtles) and is a habitat for disease causing vectors. Attempts to curb its fast spread have proved to be futile. However this deleterious weed is a potential source of biomass to produce biogas, which is an eco-friendly biofuel. In this study, primary sludge, obtained from sewage treatment plant was used as inoculum at mesophilic conditions. A series of laboratory experiments using 0.25l bio-digesters were performed in batch operation mode and modified Gompertz equation was fitted. The kinetic parameters, biogas yield potential (P), the maximum biogas production rate (Rm) and the duration of lag phase (λ) were estimated in each case. The results show that Primary Sludge Inoculum (PSI) improved biogas yield significantly and nearly two times when compared to water hyacinth substrate without PSI.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"51 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90061802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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