Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167650
S. Revathi, N. C. Alexander
Effect of the aqueous extract of the seaweed Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux was studied on the seed germination, growth and productivity on the experimental plant Solanum melongena. Five different concentrations of aqueous seaweed extracts were used for the experiment. The rate of seed germination and growth parameters like shoot length, number of leaves, flowers and fruits were observed. Results showed increase in the yield in all the treated plants. Variations were observed in the growth parameters. Higher concentrations showed significant effect on the growth and yield of the plant. Addition of seaweed as fertilizer instead of chemicals fertilizers prevents environmental pollution in soil and ensures environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Effect of the seaweed Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux on the growth and productivity of Solanum melongena L.","authors":"S. Revathi, N. C. Alexander","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167650","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of the aqueous extract of the seaweed Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux was studied on the seed germination, growth and productivity on the experimental plant Solanum melongena. Five different concentrations of aqueous seaweed extracts were used for the experiment. The rate of seed germination and growth parameters like shoot length, number of leaves, flowers and fruits were observed. Results showed increase in the yield in all the treated plants. Variations were observed in the growth parameters. Higher concentrations showed significant effect on the growth and yield of the plant. Addition of seaweed as fertilizer instead of chemicals fertilizers prevents environmental pollution in soil and ensures environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"2 1","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82305671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167702
D. Sandanasamy, S. Govindarajane, T. Sundararajan
Over exploitation of land, water, air and energy resources, as part of the urbanization and industrialization has forced the imbalance of the natural ecosystem. Millions of tonnes of various industrial wastes accumulated at different sites due to rapid industrialization cause severe damage to environment. Further, demolition wastes from constructed facilities also generate huge amount of wastes which include sand, gravel, concrete, stone, bricks etc, in India. Recycling of aggregate materials from construction and demolition waste and use of industrial wastes for production of useful building materials can fill part of the demand supply gap. This paper focuses the approach of recycle and reuse, wealth out of waste, for appropriate use of waste in the manufacture of building materials and how the industrial wastes like fly ash (from thermal power stations), blast furnace slag (from iron industry) and stone dust (from construction industry), rubber chips (tyre wastes) can be used in a passive way to the construction activity. This paper also presents zero energy approaches like, stabilized mud block for masonry, rammed earth wall, low intensity floor and roofing systems, construction and demolition waste as aggregate in concrete (recycled aggregate) to emphasis the green energy concept that can be adopted in construction industry and to overcome the energy crisis, a country like India is facing presently and forecast in the coming decade.
{"title":"Energy -efficient materials: Route to sustainability in green buildings","authors":"D. Sandanasamy, S. Govindarajane, T. Sundararajan","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167702","url":null,"abstract":"Over exploitation of land, water, air and energy resources, as part of the urbanization and industrialization has forced the imbalance of the natural ecosystem. Millions of tonnes of various industrial wastes accumulated at different sites due to rapid industrialization cause severe damage to environment. Further, demolition wastes from constructed facilities also generate huge amount of wastes which include sand, gravel, concrete, stone, bricks etc, in India. Recycling of aggregate materials from construction and demolition waste and use of industrial wastes for production of useful building materials can fill part of the demand supply gap. This paper focuses the approach of recycle and reuse, wealth out of waste, for appropriate use of waste in the manufacture of building materials and how the industrial wastes like fly ash (from thermal power stations), blast furnace slag (from iron industry) and stone dust (from construction industry), rubber chips (tyre wastes) can be used in a passive way to the construction activity. This paper also presents zero energy approaches like, stabilized mud block for masonry, rammed earth wall, low intensity floor and roofing systems, construction and demolition waste as aggregate in concrete (recycled aggregate) to emphasis the green energy concept that can be adopted in construction industry and to overcome the energy crisis, a country like India is facing presently and forecast in the coming decade.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"11 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81151337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167691
S. Vijaykumar, K. S. Rajkarthick, P. Karthik
The PCs are playing vital role in our day to day life. But also in the same time it emits lots of carbon equivalent in the atmosphere it results in global warming. The major emission of carbons is by E-waste and heat emitted by the servers that are in datacenters normally we all know computer emits lots of heat especially servers. For example, searching servers emit lots of heat per search. In this Research paper we provide a solution from the birth of the pc to degradation including solutions for the heat produced by the servers and this paper gives solution for power consumption. It also provides role of cloud computing in controlling carbon emission and saving of carbon. Due to the power consumption we saved the heat generated from the power stations. Here we providing the solution using fuzzy logic based devices with their working principles and more on of Power consumption Techniques. One more key thing from our proposal is it does not need any huge amount of investment and it is profitable for that concern also.
{"title":"Green techniques between birth and death of your PC","authors":"S. Vijaykumar, K. S. Rajkarthick, P. Karthik","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167691","url":null,"abstract":"The PCs are playing vital role in our day to day life. But also in the same time it emits lots of carbon equivalent in the atmosphere it results in global warming. The major emission of carbons is by E-waste and heat emitted by the servers that are in datacenters normally we all know computer emits lots of heat especially servers. For example, searching servers emit lots of heat per search. In this Research paper we provide a solution from the birth of the pc to degradation including solutions for the heat produced by the servers and this paper gives solution for power consumption. It also provides role of cloud computing in controlling carbon emission and saving of carbon. Due to the power consumption we saved the heat generated from the power stations. Here we providing the solution using fuzzy logic based devices with their working principles and more on of Power consumption Techniques. One more key thing from our proposal is it does not need any huge amount of investment and it is profitable for that concern also.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"27 1","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167646
R. Murali Manohar, S. Sendil velan, M. Prabhahar, G. Antony Casmir Jayaseelan
The world is on brink of energy crisis. The limited fossil fuel sources are unable for the continuously increasing demand of energy. This associated with increasing price of fossil fuels and the awareness of the impacts of environmental pollution and global warming, has forced a search for an alternative source of energy, which is the renewable, and safe and non-polluting‥ In the present experimental research work, used vegetable oil methyl ester (UVOME) is derived through transesterification of used vegetable oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (UVOME), and its blends with diesel such as B20 and B80. Acareful analysis of the crank angle at which cylinder pressure rise and heat release occurs was carried out. The emission performance of diesel engine using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The result has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), but slightly increased NOx emissions.
{"title":"An experimental and comparative approach of thermal and emission behavior of engine fueled with diesel and bio-diesel blends","authors":"R. Murali Manohar, S. Sendil velan, M. Prabhahar, G. Antony Casmir Jayaseelan","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167646","url":null,"abstract":"The world is on brink of energy crisis. The limited fossil fuel sources are unable for the continuously increasing demand of energy. This associated with increasing price of fossil fuels and the awareness of the impacts of environmental pollution and global warming, has forced a search for an alternative source of energy, which is the renewable, and safe and non-polluting‥ In the present experimental research work, used vegetable oil methyl ester (UVOME) is derived through transesterification of used vegetable oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (UVOME), and its blends with diesel such as B20 and B80. Acareful analysis of the crank angle at which cylinder pressure rise and heat release occurs was carried out. The emission performance of diesel engine using diesel fuel and bio-diesel fuel are compared. The result has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), but slightly increased NOx emissions.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"12 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75801539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural and industrial wastes are among the major causes of environmental pollution. Their conversion to useful products may ameliorate the problems they cause. In this study, Cauliflower stalk commonly discarded as waste material was used as a substrate for the production of cellulase, an important enzyme involved in the breakdown of organic wastes. Endophytic Aspergillus sp. isolated from Adathoda beddomei was found to be capable of producing cellulase with appreciable activity using cauliflower stalk as substrate. The effect of time on biomass production, cellulase activity as studied by FPA and CMC assay indicated that the growth as well as the cellulase activity increased gradually upto 6 days, after which they have started to decrease.
{"title":"Production of cellulase by an Endophytic Aspergillus sp, using Cauliflower stalk as substrate","authors":"D. Prabavathy, C. Nachiyar","doi":"10.18000/IJABEG.10098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18000/IJABEG.10098","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural and industrial wastes are among the major causes of environmental pollution. Their conversion to useful products may ameliorate the problems they cause. In this study, Cauliflower stalk commonly discarded as waste material was used as a substrate for the production of cellulase, an important enzyme involved in the breakdown of organic wastes. Endophytic Aspergillus sp. isolated from Adathoda beddomei was found to be capable of producing cellulase with appreciable activity using cauliflower stalk as substrate. The effect of time on biomass production, cellulase activity as studied by FPA and CMC assay indicated that the growth as well as the cellulase activity increased gradually upto 6 days, after which they have started to decrease.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"122 1","pages":"108-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80781071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167689
R. Parthiban, L. Parthiban
Regression analysis can be used to model the relationship between predictor and response variables and is a good choice when all the predictor variables are numeric and continuous valued. In this paper, multilayer perceptron neural network is used for predicting the experimental values obtained in a laboratory scale system of anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor (ATFBR). The system study is the anaerobic digestion of synthetic wastewater derived from the starch processing industries. The input parameters considered for modeling are flow rate, CODin, pHin and hydraulic retention time. The output parameters are biogas yield and pHout. The Mean Square Error (MSE) obtained for the test dataset obtained with experimental set-up is as low as 0.1416.
{"title":"Regression model with artificial neural network for anaerobic digestion of wastewater treatment","authors":"R. Parthiban, L. Parthiban","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167689","url":null,"abstract":"Regression analysis can be used to model the relationship between predictor and response variables and is a good choice when all the predictor variables are numeric and continuous valued. In this paper, multilayer perceptron neural network is used for predicting the experimental values obtained in a laboratory scale system of anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor (ATFBR). The system study is the anaerobic digestion of synthetic wastewater derived from the starch processing industries. The input parameters considered for modeling are flow rate, CODin, pHin and hydraulic retention time. The output parameters are biogas yield and pHout. The Mean Square Error (MSE) obtained for the test dataset obtained with experimental set-up is as low as 0.1416.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"90 1","pages":"332-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80396441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167661
H. Parameshwar
Airports generate enormous volume of solid waste from its operations and is evolving as a major challenge for the airport operators in complying with the environmental norms and in conserving zero waste environments for its users. Bangalore International Airport (BIA) through its past three years of operation has emerged as a front runner in the field of systematic waste management and has already set benchmarks for other Indian airports. This case study reveals the best practices in cleaning and solid waste management adopted by Bangalore International Airport Ltd (BIAL) to script its success story.
{"title":"Solid waste management in airports: A case study of Bangalore International Airport","authors":"H. Parameshwar","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167661","url":null,"abstract":"Airports generate enormous volume of solid waste from its operations and is evolving as a major challenge for the airport operators in complying with the environmental norms and in conserving zero waste environments for its users. Bangalore International Airport (BIA) through its past three years of operation has emerged as a front runner in the field of systematic waste management and has already set benchmarks for other Indian airports. This case study reveals the best practices in cleaning and solid waste management adopted by Bangalore International Airport Ltd (BIAL) to script its success story.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"48 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78984734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167672
J. Anuradha, Tasneem Abbasi, S. A. Abbasi
We report, for the first time, shape-tuned and sizetuned synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of the weed lantana (Lantana camara). The purity, crystal structure and possible biomolecules responsible for the nanoparticle formation were explored with SEM, Hr-SEM, TEM, EDAX, XRD, zetasizer and FTIR techniques. The distinguishing feature of the present study is that it enables the fabrication of silver nanoparticles with a non-hazardous, energy-saving, and cost effective method. Simultaneously the study enables gainful utilization of an obnoxious invasive weed, which is otherwise not only worthless but also seriously harmful to the environment.
{"title":"Facile ‘phyto’ fabrication of silver nanoparticles of diverse geometries with concomitant utilization of a pernicious terrestrial weed","authors":"J. Anuradha, Tasneem Abbasi, S. A. Abbasi","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167672","url":null,"abstract":"We report, for the first time, shape-tuned and sizetuned synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of the weed lantana (Lantana camara). The purity, crystal structure and possible biomolecules responsible for the nanoparticle formation were explored with SEM, Hr-SEM, TEM, EDAX, XRD, zetasizer and FTIR techniques. The distinguishing feature of the present study is that it enables the fabrication of silver nanoparticles with a non-hazardous, energy-saving, and cost effective method. Simultaneously the study enables gainful utilization of an obnoxious invasive weed, which is otherwise not only worthless but also seriously harmful to the environment.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"22 1","pages":"216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86593567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167664
L. Brinda, M. Velan
In the present study, Anthracene, a model PAH compound was preferred because of its high toxic and carcinogenic property. Biodegradation was premeditated with an isolated, characterized and acclimatized strain of Alcaligenes faecalis MVMB1 obtained from petroleum contaminated soil. The optimum parameters for maximum anthracene degradation and growth were observed at 2% inoculum concentration and 6.5 pH. Within 40 hrs and at 30°C, the strain metabolized 92.34 % of anthracene (40 mg l−1) under optimized conditions. Experimentally, it was observed that anthracene was inhibitory type substrate as the inhibition effect became predominant above the concentration of 40 mg l−1. Three degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified metabolites. A novel metabolite identified as 9 hydroxy fluorene demonstrates a new branch in anthracene degradation pathway via dihydroxyphthalate. These results indicate that Alcaligenes faecalis MVMB1 is effective in degrading anthracene and also proves its ability to degrade fluorene, another PAH compound.
{"title":"Biodegradation of Anthracene: Influence Of selected physiochemical parameters and metabolism","authors":"L. Brinda, M. Velan","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167664","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, Anthracene, a model PAH compound was preferred because of its high toxic and carcinogenic property. Biodegradation was premeditated with an isolated, characterized and acclimatized strain of Alcaligenes faecalis MVMB1 obtained from petroleum contaminated soil. The optimum parameters for maximum anthracene degradation and growth were observed at 2% inoculum concentration and 6.5 pH. Within 40 hrs and at 30°C, the strain metabolized 92.34 % of anthracene (40 mg l−1) under optimized conditions. Experimentally, it was observed that anthracene was inhibitory type substrate as the inhibition effect became predominant above the concentration of 40 mg l−1. Three degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified metabolites. A novel metabolite identified as 9 hydroxy fluorene demonstrates a new branch in anthracene degradation pathway via dihydroxyphthalate. These results indicate that Alcaligenes faecalis MVMB1 is effective in degrading anthracene and also proves its ability to degrade fluorene, another PAH compound.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"15 1","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88704721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167638
S. B. Rajulapati, M. Lakshmi Narasu
India is the second major vegetable producer in the world. But due its nature and composition majority of the vegetables are prone to spoile. A large quantity of spoiled starch and cellulose rich vegetables waste is thrown away into the environment. That leads to both air and soil pollution. Vegetables are rich in starch and celluloses. In this regard, experiments were conducted to convert these carbohydrates to ethanol. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was performed with different bacteria and fungi cultures, which are isolated from local vegetable market. Yield of the ethanol depends on the amount of glucose present in the medium. Glucose level depends on α-amylase activity and the amount of enzyme produced. So optimization of amylase production plays crucial role in the process. This process was optimized by two level five factorial (Time, PH, Temperature, Starch Concentration, Inoculum size) central composite design using Design-Expert 7.0. In order to increase glucose concentration both the activity and amount of enzyme need to be optimized. So multi objective optimization was carried out by Particle Swarm optimization (P.S.O) and Genetic Algorithm (G.A) using MATLAB R2009a. Saccharification process was finished at optimized values. Then the alcohol fermentation was carried with Zymomonas mobilis on Enzyme (from Aspergilus Niger) mediated saccharified substrate, it was found to be 12.1 mg/ml of alcohol was obtained.
{"title":"Studies on a-amylase and ethanol production from spoiled starch rich vegetables and multi objective optimization by P.S.O and Genetic Algorithm","authors":"S. B. Rajulapati, M. Lakshmi Narasu","doi":"10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GTEC.2011.6167638","url":null,"abstract":"India is the second major vegetable producer in the world. But due its nature and composition majority of the vegetables are prone to spoile. A large quantity of spoiled starch and cellulose rich vegetables waste is thrown away into the environment. That leads to both air and soil pollution. Vegetables are rich in starch and celluloses. In this regard, experiments were conducted to convert these carbohydrates to ethanol. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was performed with different bacteria and fungi cultures, which are isolated from local vegetable market. Yield of the ethanol depends on the amount of glucose present in the medium. Glucose level depends on α-amylase activity and the amount of enzyme produced. So optimization of amylase production plays crucial role in the process. This process was optimized by two level five factorial (Time, PH, Temperature, Starch Concentration, Inoculum size) central composite design using Design-Expert 7.0. In order to increase glucose concentration both the activity and amount of enzyme need to be optimized. So multi objective optimization was carried out by Particle Swarm optimization (P.S.O) and Genetic Algorithm (G.A) using MATLAB R2009a. Saccharification process was finished at optimized values. Then the alcohol fermentation was carried with Zymomonas mobilis on Enzyme (from Aspergilus Niger) mediated saccharified substrate, it was found to be 12.1 mg/ml of alcohol was obtained.","PeriodicalId":13706,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011)","volume":"82 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89434227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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