Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104282
Beatriz Serralheiro da Cruz , Genesis Sulay Alfonzo-Leon , Alinne Siqueira de Carvalho , Camila da Silva Rodrigues , Cesar Rogerio Pucci , Renata Marques de Melo
The latest generation of zirconia used in dental applications features a graded microstructure combining tetragonal and cubic grains to balance translucency and mechanical strength. However, limited evidence exists regarding the adhesion of its individual layers, particularly when simplified protocols such as self-adhesive cementation are used. This study evaluated the interfacial bond strength between different layers of a multilayer zirconia (3Y-TZP, transition zone, and 5Y-PSZ) and a self-adhesive resin cement, with or without a universal primer, at baseline and after aging. Thirty slabs of multilayer zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime) were air-abraded and bonded with resin composite cylinders (Multilink Speed) applied with or without a universal primer (Monobond N) (n = 15 per group). Half of the specimens were tested after 24 h and the others after six months of water storage. Micro-shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were classified. Three-way ANOVA revealed that primer application and aging significantly affected bond strength (p < 0.001), while zirconia layer had no effect (p > 0.05). Primer use improved initial adhesion but did not provide long-term benefits, as bond strength decreased after aging in primed groups, whereas non-primed groups showed stable bonding performance despite compositional gradients in the ceramic substrate.
{"title":"Bond strength of a multilayer graded zirconia to a self-adhesive resin cement","authors":"Beatriz Serralheiro da Cruz , Genesis Sulay Alfonzo-Leon , Alinne Siqueira de Carvalho , Camila da Silva Rodrigues , Cesar Rogerio Pucci , Renata Marques de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The latest generation of zirconia used in dental applications features a graded microstructure combining tetragonal and cubic grains to balance translucency and mechanical strength. However, limited evidence exists regarding the adhesion of its individual layers, particularly when simplified protocols such as self-adhesive cementation are used. This study evaluated the interfacial bond strength between different layers of a multilayer zirconia (3Y-TZP, transition zone, and 5Y-PSZ) and a self-adhesive resin cement, with or without a universal primer, at baseline and after aging. Thirty slabs of multilayer zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime) were air-abraded and bonded with resin composite cylinders (Multilink Speed) applied with or without a universal primer (Monobond N) (n = 15 per group). Half of the specimens were tested after 24 h and the others after six months of water storage. Micro-shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were classified. Three-way ANOVA revealed that primer application and aging significantly affected bond strength (p < 0.001), while zirconia layer had no effect (p > 0.05). Primer use improved initial adhesion but did not provide long-term benefits, as bond strength decreased after aging in primed groups, whereas non-primed groups showed stable bonding performance despite compositional gradients in the ceramic substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 104282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104284
Zebin Hu, Cong Zhu, Yinglan Li, Guanghui Zheng, Jun Deng
Adhesive shear connectors have been proposed as an alternative to traditional metal shear connectors in steel-ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams to overcome issues such as stress concentration and welding-induced residual stress. In this study, push-out tests were conducted to investigate the effects of steel surface treatments and adhesive curing age on the shear behavior of interface adhesive (IA) and epoxy resin (ER) shear connectors. In addition, an electromechanical impedance (EMI)-based monitoring technique using piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) was employed to identify the damage in adhesive shear connectors. The test results showed that the ultimate shear stress of IA and ER shear connectors with sandblasted steel surfaces increased by 39.79 % and 49.61 %, respectively, compared to those with smooth surfaces. After 3 days of curing, the ultimate shear stress of IA shear connectors reached approximately 80 % of their 7-day strength, whereas ER shear connectors achieved 87 % of their 7-day strength. For IA shear connectors, adhesive cohesive failure was observed at a curing age of 3 days, while UHPC failure occurred after 7 days of curing. Empirical formulas were developed to predict the ultimate shear stress for both types of shear connectors, with a deviation within 7 % compared to the experimental results. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the EMI-based monitoring method in detecting micro-damage was verified by a notable increase in the RMSD index during Stage II (damage stage).
{"title":"Shear behavior and EMI-based damage identification of adhesive shear connectors in steel-UHPC composite beams","authors":"Zebin Hu, Cong Zhu, Yinglan Li, Guanghui Zheng, Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesive shear connectors have been proposed as an alternative to traditional metal shear connectors in steel-ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams to overcome issues such as stress concentration and welding-induced residual stress. In this study, push-out tests were conducted to investigate the effects of steel surface treatments and adhesive curing age on the shear behavior of interface adhesive (IA) and epoxy resin (ER) shear connectors. In addition, an electromechanical impedance (EMI)-based monitoring technique using piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) was employed to identify the damage in adhesive shear connectors. The test results showed that the ultimate shear stress of IA and ER shear connectors with sandblasted steel surfaces increased by 39.79 % and 49.61 %, respectively, compared to those with smooth surfaces. After 3 days of curing, the ultimate shear stress of IA shear connectors reached approximately 80 % of their 7-day strength, whereas ER shear connectors achieved 87 % of their 7-day strength. For IA shear connectors, adhesive cohesive failure was observed at a curing age of 3 days, while UHPC failure occurred after 7 days of curing. Empirical formulas were developed to predict the ultimate shear stress for both types of shear connectors, with a deviation within 7 % compared to the experimental results. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the EMI-based monitoring method in detecting micro-damage was verified by a notable increase in the RMSD index during Stage II (damage stage).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104283
Hamed Younesi- Kordkheili , Antonio Pizzi
Formaldehyde emission in the environment is one of the most negative aspects of wood-based panels bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The main goal of this research deals with a new greener and more efficient nanolignin modification method to optimize its structural performance as a scavenger in urea-formaldehyde resin. For this reason, nanolignin was modified by L-lysine (an amino acid)/glycerol-based deep eutectic solvent (AADES) which then was used as scavenger in UF resin. Flexural modulus, flexural strength, internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling, and water absorption of the boards were measured. Also changes in formaldehyde emission were determined by the desiccator method. Based on the results of FTIR and DSC analysis, the addition of AADES-modified nanolignin improved cross-linking, and accelerated it with the resin curing temperature. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were also improved by adding AADES-modified nanolignin. The particleboard panels made with modified nanolignin have significantly lower formaldehyde emission than the boards that contain just nanolignin and the boards made with pure UF resin, respectively. Adding modified nanolignin at three levels of 1, 2, and 3 % reduced formaldehyde emission by 21, 29, and 38 % compared to the UF control sample the panels reaching a level lower than the E1 standard requirements. Based on the results of this research, the NH2 groups of the amino acid on the surface of modified nanolignin can increase the reactive sites of nanolignin and play an important role in the results obtained. Finally, it can be noted that the addition of nanolignin modified by lysine -derived deep eutectic solvent is an effective method to reduce the formaldehyde emission in the particleboard panels bonded with UF resin.
{"title":"Nanolignin modified by amino acid-derived deep eutectic solvent as formaldehyde scavenger in urea-formaldehyde resin","authors":"Hamed Younesi- Kordkheili , Antonio Pizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde emission in the environment is one of the most negative aspects of wood-based panels bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The main goal of this research deals with a new greener and more efficient nanolignin modification method to optimize its structural performance as a scavenger in urea-formaldehyde resin. For this reason, nanolignin was modified by L-lysine (an amino acid)/glycerol-based deep eutectic solvent (AADES) which then was used as scavenger in UF resin. Flexural modulus, flexural strength, internal bonding (IB), thickness swelling, and water absorption of the boards were measured. Also changes in formaldehyde emission were determined by the desiccator method. Based on the results of FTIR and DSC analysis, the addition of AADES-modified nanolignin improved cross-linking, and accelerated it with the resin curing temperature. The mechanical and physical properties of the boards were also improved by adding AADES-modified nanolignin. The particleboard panels made with modified nanolignin have significantly lower formaldehyde emission than the boards that contain just nanolignin and the boards made with pure UF resin, respectively. Adding modified nanolignin at three levels of 1, 2, and 3 % reduced formaldehyde emission by 21, 29, and 38 % compared to the UF control sample the panels reaching a level lower than the E1 standard requirements. Based on the results of this research, the NH<sub>2</sub> groups of the amino acid on the surface of modified nanolignin can increase the reactive sites of nanolignin and play an important role in the results obtained. Finally, it can be noted that the addition of nanolignin modified by lysine -derived deep eutectic solvent is an effective method to reduce the formaldehyde emission in the particleboard panels bonded with UF resin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104281
Qi Guo, Jianguo Wei, Qilin Fu, Hao Wu, Dawei Huo
The improper disposal of waste textiles causes severe environmental damage, while inadequate performance of asphalt leads to rapid deterioration of road service life. Enhancing asphalt mastic using recycled textile fibers is therefore crucial for waste valorization, extended pavement longevity, and sustainable development. This study investigates the high-value utilization of waste recycled cotton fibers (WRCF) as a novel reinforcement material in asphalt mastic, with a focus on the effects of fiber diameter, length, and content on rheological properties. The rheological performance was evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending beam rheometer (BBR), while micro-mechanisms were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the optimal parameters are fibers with a diameter of 10–20 μm, length of 6 mm, and content of 0.2 wt%. This formulation significantly improved high-temperature rutting resistance, increasing the rutting factor by 215 % at 46 °C, and enhanced low-temperature performance, indicated by a 19 % rise in the m-value and a 23 % reduction in stiffness modulus at −12 °C. Microstructural analysis revealed that a uniform fiber network improves stress distribution, and FTIR confirmed that the reinforcement is primarily physical, dominated by mechanical interlocking without new chemical bond formation. This research demonstrates a dual-benefit strategy that achieves waste valorization alongside enhanced material performance. It enables the high-value recycling of textile waste and, owing to the low cost and compatibility with existing industrial processes of recycled cotton fibers, presents outstanding potential for large-scale application.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of asphalt using waste recycled cotton fibers: A rheological and microstructural study","authors":"Qi Guo, Jianguo Wei, Qilin Fu, Hao Wu, Dawei Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The improper disposal of waste textiles causes severe environmental damage, while inadequate performance of asphalt leads to rapid deterioration of road service life. Enhancing asphalt mastic using recycled textile fibers is therefore crucial for waste valorization, extended pavement longevity, and sustainable development. This study investigates the high-value utilization of waste recycled cotton fibers (WRCF) as a novel reinforcement material in asphalt mastic, with a focus on the effects of fiber diameter, length, and content on rheological properties. The rheological performance was evaluated using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and a bending beam rheometer (BBR), while micro-mechanisms were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the optimal parameters are fibers with a diameter of 10–20 μm, length of 6 mm, and content of 0.2 wt%. This formulation significantly improved high-temperature rutting resistance, increasing the rutting factor by 215 % at 46 °C, and enhanced low-temperature performance, indicated by a 19 % rise in the m-value and a 23 % reduction in stiffness modulus at −12 °C. Microstructural analysis revealed that a uniform fiber network improves stress distribution, and FTIR confirmed that the reinforcement is primarily physical, dominated by mechanical interlocking without new chemical bond formation. This research demonstrates a dual-benefit strategy that achieves waste valorization alongside enhanced material performance. It enables the high-value recycling of textile waste and, owing to the low cost and compatibility with existing industrial processes of recycled cotton fibers, presents outstanding potential for large-scale application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104280
Maximilian Hlatky , Surya Pandita , James D.R. Talbot , Kevin Denham , Venkata R. Machavaram , Gerard F. Fernando
The optical fibre-based Fresnel reflection sensor is a low-cost device that is manufactured by cleaving an optical fibre to produce a perpendicular end-face. When the sensor's cleaved end-face is immersed in a liquid with reactive functional groups, it provides initial qualitative insights into refractive index changes brought about by chemical reactions. In order to demonstrate the suitability of this sensor for practical and real-life applications, it was used to study the cross-linking of a high-performance thermosetting resin. The data from the sensor were modelled and correlated to that obtained simultaneously, and in real-time, from a conventional Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and an Abbe refractometer. The sensor was calibrated using reference refractive index oils where an excellent correlation was observed between the datasets obtained using an Abbe refractometer and the Fresnel reflection sensor. A series of simultaneous hyphenated experiments were conducted involving the sensor and spectrometer where isothermal cross-linking kinetic data were obtained between 20 and 50 °C. An excellent correlation was observed for the rate and extent of cross-linking between the outputs from the Fresnel reflection sensor and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The kinetic rate constants obtained from the Fresnel reflection sensor and the conventional infrared spectrometer were established to be comparable statistically. Moreover, the activation energies for the FTIR spectroscopy and FRS measurements were 75.29 kJ mol−1 and 74.12 kJ mol−1 respectively. This study has demonstrated that the low-cost intensity-based Fresnel reflection sensor can be used to obtain cross-linking kinetic data that are comparable to that obtained from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
{"title":"Quantitative monitoring of cross-linking reactions using simultaneous optical fibre reflectometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Maximilian Hlatky , Surya Pandita , James D.R. Talbot , Kevin Denham , Venkata R. Machavaram , Gerard F. Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical fibre-based Fresnel reflection sensor is a low-cost device that is manufactured by cleaving an optical fibre to produce a perpendicular end-face. When the sensor's cleaved end-face is immersed in a liquid with reactive functional groups, it provides initial qualitative insights into refractive index changes brought about by chemical reactions. In order to demonstrate the suitability of this sensor for practical and real-life applications, it was used to study the cross-linking of a high-performance thermosetting resin. The data from the sensor were modelled and correlated to that obtained simultaneously, and in real-time, from a conventional Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and an Abbe refractometer. The sensor was calibrated using reference refractive index oils where an excellent correlation was observed between the datasets obtained using an Abbe refractometer and the Fresnel reflection sensor. A series of simultaneous hyphenated experiments were conducted involving the sensor and spectrometer where isothermal cross-linking kinetic data were obtained between 20 and 50 °C. An excellent correlation was observed for the rate and extent of cross-linking between the outputs from the Fresnel reflection sensor and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The kinetic rate constants obtained from the Fresnel reflection sensor and the conventional infrared spectrometer were established to be comparable statistically. Moreover, the activation energies for the FTIR spectroscopy and FRS measurements were 75.29 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and 74.12 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> respectively. This study has demonstrated that the low-cost intensity-based Fresnel reflection sensor can be used to obtain cross-linking kinetic data that are comparable to that obtained from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104278
Naserddine Benali , Hassan Alshahrani , Silvio De Barros
This study investigates the optimization of interfacial adhesion between polylactic acid (PLA) and cork substrates using fused deposition modeling (FDM), a topic scarcely explored in the literature. The research question seeks to identify FDM parameters that most strongly influence adhesion strength and microstructural porosity in PLA–cork laminated structures. Cork, a lightweight, elastic, and sustainable material, was selected as a novel substrate for functional, laminated structures. A Taguchi L36 fractional factorial design was employed to systematically evaluate six process parameters—build orientation, infill density, layer height, printing speed, contour lines, and bed temperature—and their effects on adhesion and porosity. Mechanical shear tests revealed a maximum adhesion strength of 1.39 N/mm under optimal conditions. Taguchi analysis indicated build orientation and infill density to be the most influential factors (delta = 0.2591 and 0.2484, respectively). Microstructural analysis showed that increasing infill density and adding contour lines reduced total porosity from ∼25 % to ∼13 %, enhancing interfacial bonding. Regression and signal-to-noise analyses quantifying the synergistic effects of key parameters, providing a predictive framework for optimizing adhesion. The findings demonstrate the value of integrating FDM technology with natural cork to produce sustainable, high-performance laminated structures. This approach addresses the need for better materials in applications that demand excellent layer adhesion, which is the main study's central contribution.
{"title":"Optimization of adhesion properties of PLA on cork substrate via FDM: A Taguchi experiment design","authors":"Naserddine Benali , Hassan Alshahrani , Silvio De Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the optimization of interfacial adhesion between polylactic acid (PLA) and cork substrates using fused deposition modeling (FDM), a topic scarcely explored in the literature. The research question seeks to identify FDM parameters that most strongly influence adhesion strength and microstructural porosity in PLA–cork laminated structures. Cork, a lightweight, elastic, and sustainable material, was selected as a novel substrate for functional, laminated structures. A Taguchi L36 fractional factorial design was employed to systematically evaluate six process parameters—build orientation, infill density, layer height, printing speed, contour lines, and bed temperature—and their effects on adhesion and porosity. Mechanical shear tests revealed a maximum adhesion strength of 1.39 N/mm under optimal conditions. Taguchi analysis indicated build orientation and infill density to be the most influential factors (delta = 0.2591 and 0.2484, respectively). Microstructural analysis showed that increasing infill density and adding contour lines reduced total porosity from ∼25 % to ∼13 %, enhancing interfacial bonding. Regression and signal-to-noise analyses quantifying the synergistic effects of key parameters, providing a predictive framework for optimizing adhesion. The findings demonstrate the value of integrating FDM technology with natural cork to produce sustainable, high-performance laminated structures. This approach addresses the need for better materials in applications that demand excellent layer adhesion, which is the main study's central contribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104277
Ândresson Aurélio Fernandes Martins , Maria Carolina Sidonio Alves , Bruno Martins Maciel , José Rodolfo Estruc Verbicário , João Felipe Besegato , Wilfredo Gustavo Escalante-Otárola , Milton Carlos Kuga
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of mechanical cleaning protocols, including glycine-based air polishing and abrasion with 2 % chlorhexidine gel containing glass microparticles, on the removal of premixed bioceramic sealer residues from dentin and the bond strength of a universal adhesive applied in self-etch mode.
Materials and methods
Sixty bovine dentin specimens were impregnated with either AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer or Bio-C Sealer and subjected to one of three cleaning approaches: control (water-moistened cotton pellet), glycine-based air polishing (Clinpro Prophy), or 2 % chlorhexidine gel with glass microparticles (Consepsis Scrub). Residue persistence was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Resin tag penetration was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Microshear bond strength (μSBS) testing was performed using Scotchbond Universal Plus. Failure modes were classified under an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn tests (residue), one-way ANOVA/Tukey (tag length), and two-way ANOVA/Tukey (μSBS), with α = 0.05.
Results
Glycine-based air polishing removed sealer residues effectively, promoted extensive resin tag formation, and produced bond strength values comparable to control groups, regardless of the sealer used. The chlorhexidine–glass microparticle protocol produced greater residue persistence, reduced tag formation, and lower μSBS values. Adhesive failures predominated in the CHX-treated groups, while cohesive failures were more frequent in glycine and control groups.
Conclusion
Glycine-based air polishing effectively cleaned dentin impregnated with premixed bioceramic sealers without compromising adhesive performance. In contrast, the 2 % chlorhexidine gel containing glass microparticles negatively affects dentin cleaning and bonding effectiveness. Therefore, selecting an appropriate cleaning protocol is essential to optimize adhesion after endodontic obturation.
{"title":"Cleaning efficacy and bond interaction of glycine-based air polishing and glass microparticles abrasion on dentin impregnated with premixed bioceramic sealer","authors":"Ândresson Aurélio Fernandes Martins , Maria Carolina Sidonio Alves , Bruno Martins Maciel , José Rodolfo Estruc Verbicário , João Felipe Besegato , Wilfredo Gustavo Escalante-Otárola , Milton Carlos Kuga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of mechanical cleaning protocols, including glycine-based air polishing and abrasion with 2 % chlorhexidine gel containing glass microparticles, on the removal of premixed bioceramic sealer residues from dentin and the bond strength of a universal adhesive applied in self-etch mode.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Sixty bovine dentin specimens were impregnated with either AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer or Bio-C Sealer and subjected to one of three cleaning approaches: control (water-moistened cotton pellet), glycine-based air polishing (Clinpro Prophy), or 2 % chlorhexidine gel with glass microparticles (Consepsis Scrub). Residue persistence was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Resin tag penetration was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Microshear bond strength (μSBS) testing was performed using Scotchbond Universal Plus. Failure modes were classified under an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis/Dunn tests (residue), one-way ANOVA/Tukey (tag length), and two-way ANOVA/Tukey (μSBS), with α = 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Glycine-based air polishing removed sealer residues effectively, promoted extensive resin tag formation, and produced bond strength values comparable to control groups, regardless of the sealer used. The chlorhexidine–glass microparticle protocol produced greater residue persistence, reduced tag formation, and lower μSBS values. Adhesive failures predominated in the CHX-treated groups, while cohesive failures were more frequent in glycine and control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Glycine-based air polishing effectively cleaned dentin impregnated with premixed bioceramic sealers without compromising adhesive performance. In contrast, the 2 % chlorhexidine gel containing glass microparticles negatively affects dentin cleaning and bonding effectiveness. Therefore, selecting an appropriate cleaning protocol is essential to optimize adhesion after endodontic obturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104276
Elisabeth Billich , Markus Bacher , Wilfried Sailer-Kronlachner , Antje Potthast , Hendrikus van Herwijnen
Poly(furfuryl) alcohol (PFA) thermosetting resins, derived from bio-based monomeric furfuryl alcohol (FA), are promising candidates for sustainable adhesive systems. However, their complex multi-step polymerization mechanism complicates kinetic studies, which are useful for knowledge-based optimization of resin formulations. Here, PFA resins synthesized with oxalic acid (OX) and maleic anhydride (MA) as catalysts were investigated using a combination of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Combining both methods allowed comparison of molecular-level polymerization with macroscopic curing kinetics of PFA. 1H NMR enabled quantitative tracking of reactive species during synthesis, revealing an initial stage dominated by methylene and methylene ether bridge formation. From these data, overall and individual rate constants were derived, providing a reliable description of the early polymerization phase. DSC analysis was used to study temperature-dependent curing kinetics. Activation energies of samples with varying polymerization degrees exhibited characteristic profiles indicative of the complexity of FA polymerization. While DSC showed a nearly constant activation energy up to a conversion of ∼0.4, comparison to 1H NMR data suggests that this can only be partly described by the formation of linear structures. Although activation energies from DSC were higher than those from 1H NMR, comparable rate constants for the early stages of polymerization were obtained.
{"title":"Temperature and conversion dependencies of the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol","authors":"Elisabeth Billich , Markus Bacher , Wilfried Sailer-Kronlachner , Antje Potthast , Hendrikus van Herwijnen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(furfuryl) alcohol (PFA) thermosetting resins, derived from bio-based monomeric furfuryl alcohol (FA), are promising candidates for sustainable adhesive systems. However, their complex multi-step polymerization mechanism complicates kinetic studies, which are useful for knowledge-based optimization of resin formulations. Here, PFA resins synthesized with oxalic acid (OX) and maleic anhydride (MA) as catalysts were investigated using a combination of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Combining both methods allowed comparison of molecular-level polymerization with macroscopic curing kinetics of PFA. <sup>1</sup>H NMR enabled quantitative tracking of reactive species during synthesis, revealing an initial stage dominated by methylene and methylene ether bridge formation. From these data, overall and individual rate constants were derived, providing a reliable description of the early polymerization phase. DSC analysis was used to study temperature-dependent curing kinetics. Activation energies of samples with varying polymerization degrees exhibited characteristic profiles indicative of the complexity of FA polymerization. While DSC showed a nearly constant activation energy up to a conversion of ∼0.4, comparison to <sup>1</sup>H NMR data suggests that this can only be partly described by the formation of linear structures. Although activation energies from DSC were higher than those from <sup>1</sup>H NMR, comparable rate constants for the early stages of polymerization were obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104266
V. Gutiérrez-Posada , A. Akhavan-Safar , R.J.C. Carbas , E.A.S. Marques , J. Hrachova , H. Leenders , L.F.M. da Silva
This study investigates the combined effects of surface treatments and curing degree on the mechanical performance of adhesive joints, focusing on aluminum and polypropylene substrates. Aluminum surfaces were prepared using laser texturing and anodizing, while polypropylene substrates were treated with plasma to enhance their adhesion properties. The curing degree of a two-component epoxy adhesive was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modeled using the Kamal equation. The results highlight that surface treatments not only improve adhesion but also influence the curing dynamics of the adhesive. Variations in curing degrees were observed across different surface treatments and substrates, even under identical curing times and temperatures, directly affecting joint strength. Single lap joint (SLJ) tests confirmed a linear relationship between curing degree and mechanical performance, with incomplete curing significantly reducing joint strength. Fracture surface analysis revealed a combination of cohesive and adhesive failure modes, with the failure mode depending on the curing degree and surface treatment applied. These findings underline the critical role of surface treatments in optimizing both curing quality and mechanical performance, offering valuable insights for advancing adhesive bonding technologies in industrial applications.
{"title":"Interdependent effects of surface treatment and curing behavior on the strength of Aluminum–Polypropylene adhesive joints","authors":"V. Gutiérrez-Posada , A. Akhavan-Safar , R.J.C. Carbas , E.A.S. Marques , J. Hrachova , H. Leenders , L.F.M. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the combined effects of surface treatments and curing degree on the mechanical performance of adhesive joints, focusing on aluminum and polypropylene substrates. Aluminum surfaces were prepared using laser texturing and anodizing, while polypropylene substrates were treated with plasma to enhance their adhesion properties. The curing degree of a two-component epoxy adhesive was analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modeled using the Kamal equation. The results highlight that surface treatments not only improve adhesion but also influence the curing dynamics of the adhesive. Variations in curing degrees were observed across different surface treatments and substrates, even under identical curing times and temperatures, directly affecting joint strength. Single lap joint (SLJ) tests confirmed a linear relationship between curing degree and mechanical performance, with incomplete curing significantly reducing joint strength. Fracture surface analysis revealed a combination of cohesive and adhesive failure modes, with the failure mode depending on the curing degree and surface treatment applied. These findings underline the critical role of surface treatments in optimizing both curing quality and mechanical performance, offering valuable insights for advancing adhesive bonding technologies in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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