International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献

{"title":"Cashew nut shell liquid as a promising candidate for the synthesis of cardanol-oxaldehyde wood adhesives","authors":"Eva Nyoni,&nbsp;Petro Mabeyo,&nbsp;Aldo Kitalika","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the synthesis and performance evaluation of a bio-based cardanol–oxaldehyde (CAO) wood adhesive derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a non-edible agro-industrial by-product enriched in phenolic constituents. Anacardic acid was selectively extracted from CNSL via the calcium anacardate method and subsequently decarboxylated at 145 °C to yield cardanol. The adhesive precursor was synthesized by reacting cardanol with oxaldehyde at a molar ratio of 1:3 under controlled thermal conditions (70–90 °C, 1 h). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the formation of new functional groups indicative of successful condensation and polymerization.</div><div>Mechanical testing revealed that the CAO adhesive achieved an ultimate shear strength of 6.37 MPa, yield strength of 2.69 kN, and tensile strength of 3.0 MPa. Comparative analysis with two commercial adhesives (CA1 and CA2) demonstrated that the CAO formulation surpassed CA2 across all measured parameters and exhibited performance comparable to CA1 (ultimate shear strengths of 6.74 MPa and 5.7 MPa; tensile strengths of 4.8 MPa and 2.6 MPa, respectively). These findings position the CAO adhesive as a viable and competitive alternative to petrochemical-based products.</div><div>The work underscores the potential of CNSL-derived phenolic polymers in sustainable adhesive technologies, contributing to the advancement of bio-based materials in industrial applications. By valorizing agricultural waste and reducing reliance on fossil-derived inputs, this approach aligns with global efforts toward environmentally responsible manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible chitosan/pectin multilayers: Build-up, surface properties and application as antibacterial coatings","authors":"Ana Ivančić ,&nbsp;Anamarija Zore ,&nbsp;Nives Matijaković Mlinarić ,&nbsp;Aleksander Učakar ,&nbsp;Klemen Bohinc ,&nbsp;Juraj Nikolić ,&nbsp;Davor Kovačević","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Medical devices are susceptible to biofilm formation which can cause infections in patients. Possible ways to reduce biofilm formation are coatings known as polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs); thin films prepared by adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to a solid surface. In this study we prepared PEMs out of biocompatible polyelectrolytes, chitosan and pectin, to determine the influence of ionic strength and a precursor layer on their formation and properties. Surface characterization using ellipsometry, tensiometry, and AFM revealed that ionic strength has no significant impact on PEM properties, while the addition of a precursor layer significantly affects the film thickness and morphology. Furthermore, surface coverage with bacteria was determined with SEM demonstrating that the chitosan-terminating multilayer is more efficient against adhesion of <em>E. coli</em> than the pectin-terminating one. The examined multilayers show significant potential in biomedical and related applications due to the material biocompatibility, anti-adhesive properties and inexpensive preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of four adhesives named as GHJ-01, EC2216, Araldite 2015 and XNR6852 on the vibration characteristics of an aircraft-mounted base structure","authors":"Yu Hu ,&nbsp;Rongyan Guo ,&nbsp;Haohao Han ,&nbsp;Shijun Mo ,&nbsp;Linzhi Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on a comparison of four adhesives on the vibration response of an aircraft-mounted base structure. Through experimental measurements, the adhesive parameters including mechanical properties and fracture toughness of two adhesives, named GHJ-01 and EC2216, are obtained. The results indicate that the elastic modulus (2781.64 MPa), shear modulus (389.06 MPa) and fracture toughness (Mode I: 0.348 N/mm; Mode II: 3.479 N/mm) of GHJ-01 all significantly outperform those of EC2216. The base structure model with the adhesives of GHJ-01 and EC2216 and two existing adhesives (Araldite 2015 and XNR6852 E-3) was established by using cohesive elements in ABAQUS for modal analysis and random vibration simulation by using measured parameters. Modal analysis indicates that the base structure using GHJ-01 exhibits a fundamental frequency of 925.0 Hz, significantly higher than the other three adhesives, with all other natural frequencies also being higher. Random vibration analysis indicates that the GHJ-01 base exhibits a lower maximum stress response compared to the others. Five points distributed on the base model are selected to explore vibration responses of the base structure model. The study concludes that GHJ-01 has significant advantages in enhancing the anti-resonance performance of the base structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning prediction of failure load in composite and metallic single-lap adhesive joints","authors":"Bahador Bahrami ,&nbsp;Saba Abbaszadeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Talebi ,&nbsp;Majid R. Ayatollahi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Khosravani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, various machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict the failure loads of single-lap joints (SLJs). Initially, data were gathered from the existing literature, notably including composite adherends, which present unique challenges for failure load prediction due to their anisotropic behavior and complex fracture mechanisms. Approximately 38 % of the total gathered data (167 out of 440 data points) consisted of structures with composite adherends. Subsequently, the feature-selection methods identified key predictive features, and the preprocessing techniques identified the optimal scaler. Several ML models were constructed and then optimized using different methods. Additionally, using 45 unseen data points, 35 % of which consisted of structures with composite adherends, the generalization of the models was assessed. In the next step, to interpret the constructed models, the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was employed. Moreover, to contextualize the identified features with previous physical findings, partial dependence plots (PDPs) were generated, ensuring the models’ reliability. The gradient boosting regressor (GBR) model achieved the best mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) among all the models built, indicating about 11 % MAPE on the unseen dataset, presenting the most favorable performance. Ultimately, in comparison to the conventional numerical and analytical methods, which are highly computationally expensive, the accurate results of the proposed ML framework affirmed its potential as a viable alternative to these methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion of adhesively bonded alloys in maritime environments: A review","authors":"Maik Gude ,&nbsp;Gerson Meschut ,&nbsp;Wilko Flügge ,&nbsp;Linda Fröck ,&nbsp;Christopher Wald ,&nbsp;Vanessa Neßlinger ,&nbsp;Karsten Dobrindt-Tittmann ,&nbsp;Juliane Troschitz ,&nbsp;Fynn Neubert ,&nbsp;Martin Hofmann ,&nbsp;Richard Ostwald ,&nbsp;Christian Mathiszik ,&nbsp;Hans Christian Schmale ,&nbsp;Thomas Wallmersperger ,&nbsp;Guido Grundmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing demand for material and resource-efficient structures and innovative materials in the transport sector, particularly for maritime applications. To efficiently and seamlessly connect similar and different high-performance materials in marine and naval constructions, modern joining techniques such as adhesive bonding are required. For adhesive joining technology to be applicable in maritime environments, the corrosion stability of bonded joints is of crucial importance, as harsh conditions such as large temperature differences, salt water exposure, and extended time-dependent loads prevail, both during production and use.</div><div>This paper reviews the state of research on the durability and corrosion of adhesively bonded joints in maritime environments and offers perspectives on this field. The idea behind is to comprehensively present the research areas currently pertinent to the design of corrosion-resistant adhesive composites. The article highlights aspects ranging from the surface pre-treatment of materials to the simulation of corrosion processes that are highly relevant for adhesive bonds in marine structures. The comprehensive view, moreover, includes the classification of relevant adhesive systems, the fundamentals of wet and electrochemical de-adhesion processes of adhesives, the impact of environmental aging on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints as well as an overview of destructive and non-destructive testing suitable for such structures. Finally, the review provides perspectives on future interdisciplinary experimental and theoretical research in the field of aging and corrosion that is likely to promote adhesive joining technologies for marine and naval constructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bonding effectiveness of 10-MDP containing resin composite cements: a systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Sofia Bignotto de Carvalho,&nbsp;Lívia Maiumi Uehara,&nbsp;João Marcos Carvalho-Silva,&nbsp;Andréa Cândido dos Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104260","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Statement of problem&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Conventional resin cements are more likely to accumulate technical faults during the clinical stages which can compromise the predictability of the adhesive bond. Self-adhesive resin cements with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) suggest innovation with the improvement of chemical bond strengths and durability of adhesive cementation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To analyze the literature and answer the question structured according to the PICOS strategy: “Do resin cements with 10-MDP show superior adhesion to conventional resin cements?”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The PRISMA guidelines were followed and the systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework. The personalized search strategy was applied to five databases and the grey literature. The article selection process was carried out in two stages and according to the eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria - &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; studies that evaluated the adhesion of resin cements with 10-MDP (UC) compared to resin cements without 10-MDP (RCW10-MDP); Exclusion criteria - 1. Studies that did not evaluate the adhesion of UC; 2. Studies that did not present RCW10-MDP as a control group; 3. Articles not found in full. The RoBDEMAT tool for &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; laboratory studies was used to analyze the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was carried out using the Review Manager Web software (Cochrane Collaboration).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;1605 potential studies were found, 902 were evaluated by titles and abstracts, 30 were selected for reading in full and 9 were included in this systematic review. The risk of bias was analyzed, and four studies did not describe the randomization of specimens or justify the sample size. Although specimen preparation was adequately reported, methodological details and information on blinding in the evaluation of results were lacking. In the domain of data and communication bias, three studies did not provide sufficient information. The predominantly applied methodology included shear and tensile strength tests and thermocycling protocols to compare adhesion between cements UC and RCW10-MDP. The UC showed superior performance when compared to RCW10-MDP, while applying primer containing 10-MDP (P10-MDP) enhanced the adhesive capacity of the RCW10-MDP, and only one study reported superior adhesion to RCW10-MDP associated with P10-MDP compared to UC. In both non-thermocycled and thermocycled conditions, higher shear bond strength for UC compared with RCW10-MDP applied to zirconia was observed (SMD 1.57 [CI 0.79–2.34], p &lt; 0.0001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 87 %; SMD 2.52 [CI 1.20–3.85], p = 0.0002, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 95 %), as well as higher tensile strength (SMD 6.84 [CI 4.61–9.06], p &lt; 0.0001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 89 %).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The question proposed by this systematic review was answered, since UC showed superior adhesion to RCW10-MDP, r","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the mechanical and chemical behavior of adhesives in KOH at elevated temperatures for alkaline water electrolysis","authors":"M.K. Heym,&nbsp;C.J.A. Beier,&nbsp;V. Ginster,&nbsp;A. Schiebahn,&nbsp;U. Reisgen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the ongoing discourse surrounding climate targets and carbon neutrality, hydrogen has garnered increased attention as a potential energy source. However, the cost of manufacturing electrolyzers continues to represent a significant obstacle to market entry. To lower these costs, adhesive bonding, as an automatable process, offers opportunities for cost reduction on the process side. However, to apply this technology, the adhesive must demonstrate resistance to the conditions within the electrolyzer. In this study, a range of commercially available one- and two-component epoxy resin adhesives are exposed to conditions of alkaline electrolysis (KOH, 90 °C for 7 days). In order to gain insight into the behavior of the adhesives, a variety of analytical techniques were employed. To investigate the behavior of the adhesives under the given conditions, the change in sorption measurements, TGA, FTIR and Shore hardness was considered, taking into account the chemical composition. The adhesives demonstrated a high degree of variability. While the general structure of the resin made from bisphenol A or F appears stable, signs of degradation could be attributed to the hardener or other ingredients (plasticizers or adhesion promoters).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of surface chemistry and shear strength in epoxy-bonded float and low-iron glass joints","authors":"Yasmina Boutar ,&nbsp;Martina Eliášová ,&nbsp;Petr Bábor ,&nbsp;Petra Tichá","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of glass as a load-bearing material in modern architecture and structural engineering has intensified reliance on adhesive bonding, making the interfacial properties of bonded surfaces critical to structural performance. Indeed, the chemical and physical properties of the glass surface, particularly the distinction between the tin and air sides, significantly influence bond strength and long-term joint durability. Therefore, this study systematically investigates the adhesive bonding behaviour of two widely used architectural glass types, soda-lime-silica float glass and low-iron glass, with a focus on differences between their tin-side and air-side surfaces. Experimental results reveal significant variations in bond strength related to both glass type and bonded sides. Low-iron glass consistently outperformed standard float glass, reaching peak shear strengths of 12.65 MPa on the tin-side, whereas the soda-lime-silica float glass showed lower values of 7.60 MPa and 6.32 MPa on its air and tin sides, respectively. To assess the mechanisms underlying these differences, surface characterisation was conducted using water contact angle (WCA) measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Enhanced adhesive performance was found to correlate with lower WCA values and higher surface concentrations of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) and negatively charged SiO₂⁻ ions. Notably, the tin-side of low-iron glass exhibited the highest NBO content (19.9 %) and the strongest SiO₂⁻ signal. These findings underscore the crucial role of glass composition and surface orientation in determining interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties. They provide practical insights for optimising adhesive bonding strategies in structural glazing, laminated glass, and hybrid assemblies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing conductivity of silver-based conductive adhesives via biomass-derived aldehydes: Interfacial modification and network densification","authors":"Haibo Liu,&nbsp;Haichen Lai,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Xingguang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2026.104259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) is a low-temperature bonding material that can replace toxic Sn-Pb solder. However, the electrical properties of ECA are severely deteriorated by insulating organic lubricants (e.g., oleic acid, stearic acid) on the surface of Ag flakes. Current methods for surface modification often rely on non-renewable or environmentally-concerning chemicals. This work proposes a sustainable and effective approach by utilizing biomass-derived aldehydes, such as hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), for the interfacial modification of Ag flakes and concurrent densification of epoxy matrix. The resulting ECA achieved a minimum bulk resistivity of 2.49 × 10⁻⁵ Ω cm at an optimal HMF loading of 0.3 wt% (relative to Ag), achieving ∼26.5 % of decline, compared with that of untreated reference (3.38 × 10⁻⁵ Ω cm). Comprehensive characterizations (XPS, FT-IR) revealed that HMF was oxidized by oxygen during curing and generated carboxylic acid groups. These carboxyl groups participate in co-curing reactions with the epoxy matrix and enhanced the conductive network. The strategy also applied to other biomass-derived molecules, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). This study provides a novel, green methodology that bridges the gap between high conductivity and sustainable material design in ECA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of incorporating modified carbon fibers with different chemical surface treatments and cationic surfactant adsorption on adhesive joints","authors":"Iclal Avinc Akpinar ,&nbsp;Resul Sahin ,&nbsp;Ahmet Gürses ,&nbsp;Salih Akpinar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesively bonded joints play a critical role in joining different types of materials and forming structural elements with complex geometries. This study investigates the chemical surface treatments applied to carbon fibers added to adhesives, along with the adsorption of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), at various concentrations. In the study, carbon fibers were first cleaned with acetone (C₃H₆O) and subjected to surface modifications using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids (HNO₃/HCl) before being added to the adhesive at a weight fraction of 1 %. Subsequently, these chemically treated fibers underwent CTAB adsorption at concentrations of 15, 30, 60, and 90 mg/L single-lap joints were then produced using the adhesive containing these carbon fibers, and the joints were subjected to bending and impact tests to evaluate their performance. The results revealed that the application of CTAB adsorption at varying concentrations to the carbon fibers added to the adhesive enhanced the performance of the joints under bending loads by approximately 23 %–30 %. Moreover, it was determined that applying CTAB adsorption to fibers that had undergone cleaning with acetone and chemical surface treatments using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and a nitric/hydrochloric acid mixture further improved joint performance by up to 70 %. The findings from the bending tests also indicated an increase in fracture energy ranging from approximately 10 %–48 %. According to the joint test results, CTAB adsorption applied at concentrations of 30 mg/L and 60 mg/L produced the most optimal performance improvements. The changes in surface functional groups and surface morphology of the samples were examined through FTIR spectra and SEM images.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}