International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献_第6页

Effect of DTPMP pretreatment on intraradicular dentin push-out bond strength and etching pattern of self-adhesive and conventional dual cure resin cement

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103931

Diego Neves Pinto , Tainah Oliveira Rifane , Manuela Timbó Farrapo , Ketelyn Kerty Moreira de Oliveira , Samara Tabata Medeiros , Vitaliano Gomes de Araújo-Neto , Salvatore Sauro , Diego Martins de Paula , Victor Pinheiro Feitosa

Objective

To evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) and conditioning effects of diethylenetriamine-penta-phosphonic acid (DTPMP), as a pretreatment of intra-radicular dentin compared to ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and orthoorthophosphoric acid 37 % (H3PO4) for cementing posts with dual cure resin cement.

Material and methods

The resin cements employed were dual-cure resin cement RelyX ARC with previous Single Bond Universal adhesive (ARC/SBU) application, and self-adhesive resin cement RelyX U200. A fifty-four bovine incisor roots were prepared for GFP cementation and randomly divided into six groups according to the type of cement and dentin pre-treatment: 1) U200: no previous treatment; 2) EDTA-U200: pretreatment with 15 % EDTA for 3 min; 3) DTPMP-U200: pretreatmentwith 15 % DTPMP for 3 min; 4) H3PO4-ARC: 37 % orthophosphoric acid for 15s + SBU; 5) EDTA-ARC: 15 % EDTA for 3 min + SBU; and 6) DTPMP-ARC: 15 % DTPMP for 3 min + SBU. The roots (n = 6 per group) were sectioned into disc specimens of 1 mm (thickness) and subjected to PBS at 24h and after aging by Clostridium histolyticum. Additionally, root treated with each pre-treatment, without the application of adhesive or cement, disc specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the dentin surface conditioning pattern (n = 3). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results

In PBS, DTPMP-U200 and DTPMP-ARC (p < 0.001) presented the highest bond strength after aging. The DTPMP etching pattern showed intense etching with mineral maintenance, while EDTA and H3PO4 showed greater exposure of collagen fibrils.

Conclusions

Treatment using 15 % DTPMP as an intraradicular dentin conditioner before luting glass-fiber posts provides bonding stability and potential for therapeutic remineralization.

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引用次数: 0

Novel polymer – Carbon nanotube composite coating for steel protection

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103930

Mostafa A. Shohide

The main perspective of this research is to prepare a high-performance, low-cost, efficient protective coating. This has been achieved by using asphalt cement together with polyester as a source of hydroxyl groups by mixing ratio 4:1, forming a mixed polyol (MP). The hydroxyl number of MP was determined, and then MP reacted with the calculated amount of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) according to the chosen NCO/OH molar ratio (1.3/1). Before the coating was formulated by a solvent, CNTs were added in different ratios (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) % of the coating weight, forming a protective coating named as asphaltic polyurethane (AsPU-CNTs). The prepared coatings were applied to the steel surface and then evaluated. The obtained results of the study detected that the optimum CNTs percent for enhancing the physic-mechanical and protective performance of the coating is 0.75, as follows: Drying time decreased by 35 % as compared with the control sample (without CNTs); meanwhile, both Dry Film Thickness (DFT) and adhesion strength increased by 10 % and 54 %, respectively. Blending AsPU with 0.75 % CNTs enhanced the hydrophobicity by increasing the contact angle of the coating by 49 %. Abrasion and fire resistance were improved by 17 % and 56 %, respectively. Lastly, the resistance of the coatings was changed from fair to excellent for both chemicals and crude oil.

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引用次数: 0

A xylem fiber cell walls-inspired high-performance and multifunctional soy protein isolate adhesive with a double cross-linked strengthening network

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103928

Hui Chen , Ying Zhang , Yi Tan , Jiawei Shao , Xinyi Li , Mingyang Bai , Shanshan Gong , Tao Liu , Jianzhang Li

Soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, derived from a green and low-cost sustainable biomass resource, is as an excellent alternative for fossil-based adhesives. However, the weak water-resistant bonding strength and vulnerability to mildew have hindered its practical industrial applications. Herein, inspired by the relationship between the structures and mechanical properties in cell wall of wood xylem fibers, a double cross-linked strengthening network is designed to prepare SPI adhesive with high bonding performance and mildew resistance. Functionalized lignocellulose (TOLC) acting as a skeleton, covalent interaction with SPI enhances the structural stability of the adhesive, enabling it to withstand higher loads, and the water-resistant bonding performance reaches 1.45 ± 0.09 MPa. Sodium lignosulfonate (LS) as a binder can establish a sacrificial bonding network, which provides an effective energy dissipation mechanism for the adhesive and increases the toughness by 379.23 %; meanwhile, as a natural antibacterial agent, it can effectively improve the mildew-resistant performance of SPI adhesive (5 days without mildew). This novel strategy of producing tough, multifunctional and green biomass adhesives by constructing simple double cross-linked strengthening networks provides a practical way to achieve efficient utilization of waste resources and promote sustainable development.

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引用次数: 0

Shear bond strenght of different repairing materials on 3D printed occlusal splints

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103927

Lucas Simino De Melo , Priscila de Carvalho Nóbrega , Rhayssa Pereira Ribeiro Do Amaral , Lucas Fernando Tabata , Rodrigo Antonio de Medeiros

With the rise of new 3D printing technologies, occlusal splints are now widely produced using CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture). Although new and more resistant materials are being developed, daily use can still lead to small chips or cracks in CAD/CAM occlusal splints. Repairing the splint requires the use of different materials, but knowledge on their adhesion properties is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength of 4 repair materials for 3D-printed occlusal devices: flowable resin, autopolymerizing acrylic resin, bis-acrylic resin, and 3D printer resin. A total of 30 disks were fabricated using 3D-printed occlusal device resin. After polishing and smoothing the surfaces, four different repair materials were applied within cylindrical tubes on each disk sample, without any surface pretreatment. Fifteen specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h, while the other 15 specimens underwent thermocycling for 10 000 cycles. Shear bond testing was subsequently performed until specimen failure occurred. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA (for each material and thermocycling effect) and the Tukey multiple comparison test (α = .05). Among the tested resins for 3D-printed occlusal devices, autopolymerizing acrylic resin demonstrated the most significant increase in shear bond strength and a balanced fracture pattern after aging, making it suitable for repairs. In contrast, bis-acrylic resin's initial high strength diminished after thermocycling (P < .05).

{"title":"Shear bond strenght of different repairing materials on 3D printed occlusal splints","authors":"Lucas Simino De Melo , Priscila de Carvalho Nóbrega , Rhayssa Pereira Ribeiro Do Amaral , Lucas Fernando Tabata , Rodrigo Antonio de Medeiros","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rise of new 3D printing technologies, occlusal splints are now widely produced using CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture). Although new and more resistant materials are being developed, daily use can still lead to small chips or cracks in CAD/CAM occlusal splints. Repairing the splint requires the use of different materials, but knowledge on their adhesion properties is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength of 4 repair materials for 3D-printed occlusal devices: flowable resin, autopolymerizing acrylic resin, bis-acrylic resin, and 3D printer resin. A total of 30 disks were fabricated using 3D-printed occlusal device resin. After polishing and smoothing the surfaces, four different repair materials were applied within cylindrical tubes on each disk sample, without any surface pretreatment. Fifteen specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h, while the other 15 specimens underwent thermocycling for 10 000 cycles. Shear bond testing was subsequently performed until specimen failure occurred. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA (for each material and thermocycling effect) and the Tukey multiple comparison test (α = .05). Among the tested resins for 3D-printed occlusal devices, autopolymerizing acrylic resin demonstrated the most significant increase in shear bond strength and a balanced fracture pattern after aging, making it suitable for repairs. In contrast, bis-acrylic resin's initial high strength diminished after thermocycling (P < .05).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 103927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro mechanical properties assessment of newly developed orthodontic self-adhesive resins

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103923

Dana R. Mohammed , Ali I. Ibrahim , Sanjukta Deb

Objectives

This study aimed to develop novel self-adhesive resins for orthodontic bracket bonding that can provide clinically acceptable bond strengths, leave minimal remnant adhesive and enamel damage upon bracket debonding.

Materials and methods

A plain self-adhesive resin was used as a control, from which three main modified self-adhesive resin groups were developed for bracket bonding: bioactive glass, strontium fluoride and grape seed extract. All groups were subjected to three artificial aging models prior to shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, enamel damage index and micro-hardness assessments.

Results

All groups yielded clinically acceptable shear bond strength values. The addition of 0.5 % grape seed extract to plain self-adhesive resin+1 % bioactive glass yielded the highest shear bond strength, minimal adhesive remnant index and minimal enamel damage post debonding, yet the differences were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The best performance regarding microhardness was displayed by the addition of 0.5 % grape seed extract.

Conclusions

The formulation (1 % bioactive glass+ 0.5 % grape seed extract) yielded clinically satisfactory shear bond strength, minimal adhesive residue, minimal enamel damage, and highest micro-hardness mean value as compared to the control and other experimental self-adhesive resin groups.

{"title":"In vitro mechanical properties assessment of newly developed orthodontic self-adhesive resins","authors":"Dana R. Mohammed , Ali I. Ibrahim , Sanjukta Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop novel self-adhesive resins for orthodontic bracket bonding that can provide clinically acceptable bond strengths, leave minimal remnant adhesive and enamel damage upon bracket debonding.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A plain self-adhesive resin was used as a control, from which three main modified self-adhesive resin groups were developed for bracket bonding: bioactive glass, strontium fluoride and grape seed extract. All groups were subjected to three artificial aging models prior to shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, enamel damage index and micro-hardness assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All groups yielded clinically acceptable shear bond strength values. The addition of 0.5 % grape seed extract to plain self-adhesive resin+1 % bioactive glass yielded the highest shear bond strength, minimal adhesive remnant index and minimal enamel damage post debonding, yet the differences were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). The best performance regarding microhardness was displayed by the addition of 0.5 % grape seed extract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The formulation (1 % bioactive glass+ 0.5 % grape seed extract) yielded clinically satisfactory shear bond strength, minimal adhesive residue, minimal enamel damage, and highest micro-hardness mean value as compared to the control and other experimental self-adhesive resin groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 103923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide on the toxicity of dental resins: A systematic review of in vitro studies

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103922

Victor de Melo Soares, Andréa Cândido dos Reis, Mariana Lima da Costa Valente

Research question

The 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) has emerged as a prominent photoinitiator in resin-based compositions but its biological safety is questioned. The research question was: Does the presence of TPO in resin-based dental materials influence its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity?

Material and methods

This research followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline and was registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/sthvf). The literature was searched in the Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for articles published until July 2024. The inclusion criteria were studies evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TPO. The exclusion criteria were studies that did not evaluate TPO or that did not evaluate its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro or in vivo.

Results

463 studies were identified, and after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 5 were included and assessed qualitatively. Except for one study which presented a moderate risk of bias, the other five presented a low risk of bias. The heterogeneity of the studies' methodology and the results allowed qualitative analysis and discussion.

Conclusions

The main limitation of TPO is its high toxicity, with higher cytotoxic levels than other photoinitiators. Replacing other photosensitive systems for TPO may not offer adequate cost-benefit for biomedical applications.

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引用次数: 0

In-situ double polymerization to build IPN structural melamine resin coating with excellent structural toughness and intrinsic hydrophobicity

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103925

Lijiu Cao , Yunpeng Gong , Xu Ma , Yue Hu , Jian Huang , Yufang Chen , Tao Jin

Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) is a typical thermosetting amino resin. The cured MF film usually shows some defects such as autogenous-shrinkage, easy brittle fracture, and easy to swell and crack, so it is difficult to use MF as paint or coating directly. In this study, a novel melamine-formaldehyde resin oligomer (dMFO) which has two reactive groups (-CH₂OH and -CH=CH₂) was prepared by introducing hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) in the synthesis process of MF. The dMFO is then used as a coating resin and cured by thermal-assisted double polymerization (named as IDTC) to construct the dMFO coating with an in-situ interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). The result shows that the dMFO coating exhibits good structural toughness and intrinsic hydrophobicity just like an impact resistance of 110 mm, abrasion resistance of 1.4 mg/100R, and adhesion of 6.32 MPa. Furthermore, the cured dMFO coating showed an obvious intrinsic hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 92.3°and water resistance time of 8.5h. From the synthesis of dMFO, curing process and properties of the coating, it is shown that the reasonable IPN structure of dMFO coating is constructed by in-situ interpenetration of thermoplastic macromolecular segments in the thermosetting three-dimensional network structure. The developed dMFO coating technology is of great significance in promoting a practical application of MF in the field of coating and painting.

{"title":"In-situ double polymerization to build IPN structural melamine resin coating with excellent structural toughness and intrinsic hydrophobicity","authors":"Lijiu Cao , Yunpeng Gong , Xu Ma , Yue Hu , Jian Huang , Yufang Chen , Tao Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) is a typical thermosetting amino resin. The cured MF film usually shows some defects such as autogenous-shrinkage, easy brittle fracture, and easy to swell and crack, so it is difficult to use MF as paint or coating directly. In this study, a novel melamine-formaldehyde resin oligomer (dMFO) which has two reactive groups (-CH<sub>2</sub>OH and -CH=CH<sub>2</sub>) was prepared by introducing hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) in the synthesis process of MF. The dMFO is then used as a coating resin and cured by thermal-assisted double polymerization (named as IDTC) to construct the dMFO coating with an in-situ interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). The result shows that the dMFO coating exhibits good structural toughness and intrinsic hydrophobicity just like an impact resistance of 110 mm, abrasion resistance of 1.4 mg/100R, and adhesion of 6.32 MPa. Furthermore, the cured dMFO coating showed an obvious intrinsic hydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 92.3°and water resistance time of 8.5h. From the synthesis of dMFO, curing process and properties of the coating, it is shown that the reasonable IPN structure of dMFO coating is constructed by in-situ interpenetration of thermoplastic macromolecular segments in the thermosetting three-dimensional network structure. The developed dMFO coating technology is of great significance in promoting a practical application of MF in the field of coating and painting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 103925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The properties of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): A review

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103924

Y Alia Syahirah , UMK Anwar , Lee Sh , CB Ong , M Asniza , MT Paridah

Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a structurally efficient construction material that has gained widespread recognition for the possibility of quick assembly. This review paper enquires into the crucial factors that influencing the bonding and mechanical properties of CLT, with a focus on optimizing its performance. The bonding properties are examined, emphasizing the types of adhesives used, adhesive spread rate and clamping pressure during the manufacturing process. These factors significantly impact the integrity and durability of the CLT structure. The mechanical properties, another critical aspect of CLT, are explored in detail. The review explores the relationship of various factors such as wood density, anatomical properties, wettability and surface roughness, shedding light on their profound influence on the overall structural performance of CLT. The long-term performance of adhesive and durability of CLT are also discussed. Understanding and effectively managing these factors are imperative in ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of CLT as a construction material. By providing a comprehensive overview of the factors affecting CLT properties, this review aims to guide researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in optimizing the manufacturing processes and design considerations. Ultimately, a thorough understanding and management of these factors will contribute to the continued evolution of CLT as a sustainable and reliable solution for modern construction.

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引用次数: 0

High order analysis of debonding failure of orthodontic brackets

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103896

B. Azarov , N. Malkiel , O. Rabinovitch

The paper investigates the initiation and evolution of debonding failure in orthodontic brackets. The latter forms a layered structure consisting of the tooth, an adhesive layer, the bracket, and the inter-laminar interface. The layered structure is prone to debonding, which critically impairs the therapeutic process. The purpose of this study is to develop a quantitative model to analyze the nonlinear and potentially unstable debonding failure in the layered structure. The model integrates the concepts of the high-order theory with nonlinear cohesive interfaces and rigid body displacement field of the bonded bracket. Numerical methods, based on a specially tailored finite element formulation and the arc-length continuation method, trace the full nonlinear response path and characterize its stability. The analysis is validated through comparison with experiments documented in the literature. The principal results quantify the unstable nature of debonding failure and identify factors influencing the instability. The analysis highlights the influence of the rich stress and displacement field in the adhesive layer on failure progression. This is achieved by exploring the coupled role of shear and tensile stresses in the bond layer and the coupling of slip and separation across the interfaces, which jointly form the shear-peel effect, even under globally tangential loading. The major conclusions designate the innovative modeling approach as a tool for the investigation of the interfacial failure mechanism and a steppingstone towards modeling additional features of the layered structure, including curved surfaces, the impact of the surface conditions, and the uncertainty associated with the bonding practice.

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of graphene nanoplatelets on adhesive mechanical strength: A comprehensive investigation into single-lap joint elastoplastic behavior via cohesive zone method

IF 3.2 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103908

Amer Murtada Amer Abdalla , Yasser Hamed Elmoghazy , Garshasp Keyvan Sarkon , Aysegul Gazioglu , Omar Khaled Sabry , Abdulrahman Awad Sawelih , Anas Al Sharif , Hicham Wehbi , Asem Yahya Ali Abd , Saeid Sahmani , Babak Safaei

This research conducted a thorough examination on the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforcement on the mechanical strength of low-viscosity epoxy and elastic-plastic strength of single-lap joints (SLJs) by using finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental procedures. The reinforcing process of GNPs within low strength adhesive was accomplished by using controlled mixing techniques and the SLJ configuration samples were fabricated using AW 6063-T6 Aluminum adherends (that were mechanically and chemically treated). Tensile tests on bulk composite adhesive showed that the inclusion of GNPs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix. Maximum improvement of 775.46 % in ductility was noted with the addition of 0.1 % GNPs. Moreover, 51.43 % and 166 % improvements in elasticity and tensile strength were obtained by adding 1 % GNPs, respectively. Besides, 123.21 % maximum improvement in SLJ shear strength was obtained by adding 1 % GNPs. Thereafter, the experimental results were incorporated into the computational modeling workflow, where the trapezoidal cohesive law was employed based on cohesive zone modeling (CZM) scheme. Prediction accuracy of the numerical model was examined by comparing its results with experiment results and strong agreement was observed with relative error of 6 % in the case of 0.1 % wt. GNPs. At the same wt.%, the effects of geometric modifications on the joint performance were explored. A significant decrease in the concentration of stress at important joint locations was observed, indicating improved joint integrity and failure resistance. Peel stress was seen to rise with overlap duration, indicating that longer overlaps had higher peel stress.

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引用次数: 0