International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献_第4页

Residual Potential of Dexamethasone and its Effect on Goat Milk 地塞米松的残留潜力及其对羊奶的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1895

Muhammad Atif Khan

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of intramuscular administration of dexamethasone (DXM) on clinical, residual and milk composition parameters in goat. For this, 0.5 mg/kg BW dose of DXM was administered once daily for 3 consecutive days. Milk samples were collected before and after drug administration at 2, 8, 16, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h. Pulse rate and respiratory rate were increased (P ˂ 0.05) in at 2, 8, 16, 32, 48 and 72 and 96 h While, the rectal temperature was increased (P < 0.05) only at 02 h post drug administration. The highest residual level of DXM was noticed at 32 h (2.70 ng/mL) and lowest at 168 h (0.25 ng/mL) in milk. Milk Fat increased (P ˂ 0.01) at 32, 48 and 72 h and (P < 0.05) at 2, 8, 16, 96,120 h and then gradually returned to pre-treatment value at 144 h. The mean milk protein level was increased (P ˂ 0.01) at 8, 16, 32, 48, 72 and 120 h and (P < 0.05) at 2 and 96 h. Milk Solid Not Fat level was increased (P < 0.05) at 16, 32, 48, 72 and 96 h, however, at 120 h this increase was (P < 0.01). Milk yield decreased (P ˃ 0.05) from 2 – 16 h as compared to control then, decreased (P < 0.05) at 32, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h post DXM administration. It has been concluded that the therapeutic dose of DXM 0.5 mg/kg BW once daily for 3 consecutive days produced significant effects on clinical, residual level and milk composition parameters in goat. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

本研究旨在分析肌肉给药地塞米松对山羊临床、残留及乳成分参数的影响。为此，每天1次给予0.5 mg/kg BW剂量的DXM，连续3天。分别于给药后2、8、16、32、48、72、96、120、144、168 h采集乳样，在给药后2、8、16、32、48、72、96 h脉搏率和呼吸率均升高(P小于0.05)，而直肠温度仅在给药后02 h升高(P < 0.05)。牛奶中ddxm的残留量在32 h时最高(2.70 ng/mL)，在168 h时最低(0.25 ng/mL)。牛奶脂肪增加(P˂0.01)32岁的48和72 h (P < 0.05), 2, 8, 16, 96120 h,然后逐渐回到预处理值在144 h。意思是牛奶蛋白水平增加(P˂0.01)8、16、32、48、72和120 h和2 (P < 0.05), 96 h。牛奶固体不胖水平增加(P < 0.05) 16岁,32岁,48岁,72和96 h,然而,在120 h增加(P < 0.01)。与对照相比，2 ~ 16 h产奶量下降(P < 0.05)，在给药后32、48、72、96、120、144 h产奶量下降(P < 0.05)。由此可见，ddxm 0.5 mg/kg BW每日1次，连续3 d对山羊临床、残留水平和乳成分参数均有显著影响。©2022朋友科学出版社

{"title":"Residual Potential of Dexamethasone and its Effect on Goat Milk","authors":"Muhammad Atif Khan","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1895","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of intramuscular administration of dexamethasone (DXM) on clinical, residual and milk composition parameters in goat. For this, 0.5 mg/kg BW dose of DXM was administered once daily for 3 consecutive days. Milk samples were collected before and after drug administration at 2, 8, 16, 32, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h. Pulse rate and respiratory rate were increased (P ˂ 0.05) in at 2, 8, 16, 32, 48 and 72 and 96 h While, the rectal temperature was increased (P < 0.05) only at 02 h post drug administration. The highest residual level of DXM was noticed at 32 h (2.70 ng/mL) and lowest at 168 h (0.25 ng/mL) in milk. Milk Fat increased (P ˂ 0.01) at 32, 48 and 72 h and (P < 0.05) at 2, 8, 16, 96,120 h and then gradually returned to pre-treatment value at 144 h. The mean milk protein level was increased (P ˂ 0.01) at 8, 16, 32, 48, 72 and 120 h and (P < 0.05) at 2 and 96 h. Milk Solid Not Fat level was increased (P < 0.05) at 16, 32, 48, 72 and 96 h, however, at 120 h this increase was (P < 0.01). Milk yield decreased (P ˃ 0.05) from 2 – 16 h as compared to control then, decreased (P < 0.05) at 32, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h post DXM administration. It has been concluded that the therapeutic dose of DXM 0.5 mg/kg BW once daily for 3 consecutive days produced significant effects on clinical, residual level and milk composition parameters in goat. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density Effects on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Direct Seeded Rape (Brassica napus) 施氮量和密度对直播油菜产量和氮素利用效率的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1897

Qiang Zhao

The high yield of crops mainly depends on the interaction between nitrogen (N) fertilization and planting density. The present study evaluated the influence of different N application rates and planting density on the yield and N utilization efficiency of direct seeded rape during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons. The three N application rates including 108 kg N ha−1, 144 kg N ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1 were laid out into main plots while planting density including 15.0 × 104, 22.5 × 104, 30.0 × 104 and 37.5 × 104 plants ha−1 respectively into sub-plots. The results showed that suitable planting density was the premise to gain high rapeseed yield and the contribution of planting density to rapeseed yield was small when it surpassed a certain value. The highest yield in the two growing seasons was achieved at 144 kg N ha−1 with planting density of 30.0 × 104 plants ha−1. The rapeseed yield increased linearly as N uptake of the seed part increased, but at high planting density, there was no increase in yield with the increase N uptake of non-seed parts (stem + husk) when rapeseed yield exceeded a certain value. High planting densities raised shoot N uptake and N transfer to rapeseed seeds with the increase of density and N utilization efficiency was also improved. The too much N application resulted in more N accumulation in non-seed parts without increasing production. Under the same target yield, the increased planting density can save 32.4–65.7% of N fertilization compared with the conventional planting density. The combination of different N fertilization rates and planting densities is helpful to increase rapeseed yield. The best N management strategy is to achieve high yield and reduce the environmental risk to reduce the N fertilization at suitable high density. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

作物的高产主要取决于施氮与种植密度之间的相互作用。本研究评估了2016-2017和2017-2018生长季不同施氮量和种植密度对直播油菜产量和氮利用效率的影响。将108kg N ha−1、144kg N ha‐1和180kg N ha‑1三种施氮量布置在主小区中，而将15.0×104、22.5×104和30.0×104植物的种植密度分别布置在子小区中。结果表明，适宜的种植密度是油菜高产的前提，当种植密度超过一定值时，对油菜产量的贡献较小。两个生长季节的最高产量为144 kg N ha−1，种植密度为30.0×104株ha−1。油菜产量随着种子部分氮吸收的增加而线性增加，但在高种植密度下，当油菜产量超过一定值时，产量不会随着非种子部分（茎+壳）氮吸收的提高而增加。随着密度的增加，高种植密度提高了油菜对地上部氮的吸收和向油菜种子的氮转移，提高了油菜的氮利用效率。施用过多的氮导致非种子部分积累更多的氮，而没有增加产量。在相同目标产量下，增加种植密度可比常规种植密度节省32.4–65.7%的氮肥。不同施氮量和种植密度的组合有助于提高油菜产量。最佳的氮肥管理策略是在适当的高密度下减少氮肥的施用，以实现高产并降低环境风险。©2022 Friends Science出版社

{"title":"Nitrogen Rate and Planting Density Effects on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Direct Seeded Rape (Brassica napus)","authors":"Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1897","url":null,"abstract":"The high yield of crops mainly depends on the interaction between nitrogen (N) fertilization and planting density. The present study evaluated the influence of different N application rates and planting density on the yield and N utilization efficiency of direct seeded rape during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons. The three N application rates including 108 kg N ha−1, 144 kg N ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1 were laid out into main plots while planting density including 15.0 × 104, 22.5 × 104, 30.0 × 104 and 37.5 × 104 plants ha−1 respectively into sub-plots. The results showed that suitable planting density was the premise to gain high rapeseed yield and the contribution of planting density to rapeseed yield was small when it surpassed a certain value. The highest yield in the two growing seasons was achieved at 144 kg N ha−1 with planting density of 30.0 × 104 plants ha−1. The rapeseed yield increased linearly as N uptake of the seed part increased, but at high planting density, there was no increase in yield with the increase N uptake of non-seed parts (stem + husk) when rapeseed yield exceeded a certain value. High planting densities raised shoot N uptake and N transfer to rapeseed seeds with the increase of density and N utilization efficiency was also improved. The too much N application resulted in more N accumulation in non-seed parts without increasing production. Under the same target yield, the increased planting density can save 32.4–65.7% of N fertilization compared with the conventional planting density. The combination of different N fertilization rates and planting densities is helpful to increase rapeseed yield. The best N management strategy is to achieve high yield and reduce the environmental risk to reduce the N fertilization at suitable high density. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47306426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Characterization of Rhizospheric Bacillus Strains SG36 and SG42 for Decolorization of Reactive Yellow 2 Dye and Vigna radiata Growth Promotion in Dye Contaminated Soil 根际芽孢杆菌SG36和SG42对活性黄2染料的脱色及对染料污染土壤辐射豇豆生长的促进作用

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1893

Yasir Bilal

Contamination of agricultural soils with textile wastewaters loaded with synthetic dyes is one of the emerging issues because the presence of dyes in the soils not only affects the biological characteristics of the soils but also the germination and productivity of agricultural crops. The present study reports the characterization of two multifunctional bacterial strains Bacillus sp. SG36 and Bacillus sp. SG42, which have the potential not to promote the growth of plants in soil under stress due to reactive yellow 2 (RY2) dye but also the capability to cope with this dye through its decolorization. The strains were isolated from a rhizospheric soil repeatedly contaminated with colored textile wastewaters. Both the strains had optimal RY2 decolorization potential at slightly alkaline pH (7.5) and even in the presence of significant amount of NaCl (50 g L-1) in the medium. The strains harbor the phosphorus solubilization and indole acetic acid production potentials in concurrence with decolorization of RY2. In a pot experiment, the strains SG36 and SG42 were found to significantly promote the growth (Shoot/root length, shoot/root fresh weight) of mung bean (Vigna radiate) in non-contaminated and RY2 contaminated soils in parallel with RY2 decolorization in the soil. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

农业土壤被含有合成染料的纺织废水污染是一个新出现的问题，因为土壤中染料的存在不仅影响土壤的生物特性，还影响农作物的发芽和生产力。本研究报道了两种多功能菌株芽孢杆菌SG36和芽孢杆菌SG42的特性。由于活性黄2（RY2）染料的存在，这两种菌株在胁迫下对植物的生长没有促进作用，但也有通过脱色处理这种染料的能力。这些菌株是从被有色纺织品废水反复污染的根际土壤中分离出来的。两种菌株在微碱性pH（7.5）下，甚至在培养基中存在大量NaCl（50 g L-1）的情况下，都具有最佳的RY2脱色潜力。这些菌株具有溶解磷和吲哚乙酸的潜力，同时对RY2进行脱色。在盆栽试验中，菌株SG36和SG42在未污染和RY2污染的土壤中显著促进绿豆（Vigna radial）的生长（芽/根长、芽/根鲜重），同时在土壤中对RY2进行脱色。©2022 Friends Science出版社

{"title":"Characterization of Rhizospheric Bacillus Strains SG36 and SG42 for Decolorization of Reactive Yellow 2 Dye and Vigna radiata Growth Promotion in Dye Contaminated Soil","authors":"Yasir Bilal","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1893","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of agricultural soils with textile wastewaters loaded with synthetic dyes is one of the emerging issues because the presence of dyes in the soils not only affects the biological characteristics of the soils but also the germination and productivity of agricultural crops. The present study reports the characterization of two multifunctional bacterial strains Bacillus sp. SG36 and Bacillus sp. SG42, which have the potential not to promote the growth of plants in soil under stress due to reactive yellow 2 (RY2) dye but also the capability to cope with this dye through its decolorization. The strains were isolated from a rhizospheric soil repeatedly contaminated with colored textile wastewaters. Both the strains had optimal RY2 decolorization potential at slightly alkaline pH (7.5) and even in the presence of significant amount of NaCl (50 g L-1) in the medium. The strains harbor the phosphorus solubilization and indole acetic acid production potentials in concurrence with decolorization of RY2. In a pot experiment, the strains SG36 and SG42 were found to significantly promote the growth (Shoot/root length, shoot/root fresh weight) of mung bean (Vigna radiate) in non-contaminated and RY2 contaminated soils in parallel with RY2 decolorization in the soil. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43610421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Rapid Microtiter Assay to Evaluate Fungicide Sensitivity to Colletotrichum falcatum Isolates 快速微量滴定法评价杀菌剂对镰孢炭疽菌分离株的敏感性

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1902

Renato de Carvalho Menezes

Chemical control of sugarcane red rot, caused by Colletotrichum falcatum, forms part of integrated management of the disease. A rapid microtiter bioassay based on the colorimetric changes of resazurin dye was developed to evaluate the sensitivity of C. falcatum to the main chemical fungicide groups, including strobilurin, triazole, benzimidazole, isophthalonitrile and dithiocarbamate. There was no significant difference among the isolates in terms of growth inhibition for any of the active ingredients tested (α = 0.01). The C. falcatum isolates showed almost similar sensitivity to various fungicides. The active ingredients varied in relation to fungitoxicity. Doses that inhibited 50% of C. falcatum growth were calculated as a percentage of resazurin reduction due to various fungicides. The colorimetric method used to assess the fungitoxicity of active ingredients to C. falcatum, combined with resazurin, proved a fast practical and efficient method. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

对镰孢炭疽病引起的甘蔗红腐病进行化学防治是综合治理的一部分。基于雷沙祖林染料的比色变化，建立了一种快速微量滴定法，以评估镰孢霉对主要化学杀菌剂的敏感性，包括斯特罗比林、三唑、苯并咪唑、间苯二甲腈和二硫代氨基甲酸酯。各分离株对任何一种活性成分的生长抑制作用均无显著差异（α=0.01）。镰孢镰刀菌对各种杀菌剂的敏感性几乎相似。活性成分因真菌毒性而异。抑制镰刀菌生长50%的剂量以各种杀菌剂导致的雷沙祖林减少的百分比计算。用比色法测定有效成分对镰孢霉的真菌毒性，结合雷沙唑林，是一种快速、实用、有效的方法。©2022 Friends Science出版社

引用次数: 0

Validation of Functioning Resistant Genes against Malaysian Biotype of Brown Planthopper in Rice Variety, Rathu Heenati 水稻品种Rathu Heenati对马来西亚褐飞虱生物型功能抗性基因的验证

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1896

Mohamad Bahagia Ab Ghaffar

Rathu Heenati is a donor parent commonly used in the development of resistant rice varieties against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, which is a devastating insect pest of rice. The variety is reported to have a broad-spectrum resistance against BPH, through the action of multiple genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) including Bph3, Qbph3, Qbph4 and Qbph10. The present study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of those genes against Malaysian BPH population. The study was conducted using an F2 segregating population which was obtained from a cross between Rathu Heenati and a Malaysian commercial variety, MR219. Plant damage score was used to estimate the degree of plant tolerance, while the amount of honeydew excretion was used to measure the level of antibiosis. The gene presence in an individual plant was determined based on the segregation pattern of the flanking microsatellite markers of the respective reported genes. Results confirmed the role of Bph3 and the three other QTLs in conferring resistance against the Malaysian biotype of BPH. Marker assisted breeding can facilitate the monitoring of the introgressed genes in the plants of a breeding population. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

Rathu Heenati是一种供体亲本，通常用于开发抗褐飞虱(BPH)的水稻品种，Nilaparvata lugens是一种破坏性的水稻害虫。据报道，该品种通过包括Bph3、Qbph3、Qbph4和Qbph10在内的多个基因和数量性状位点(QTL)的作用，对BPH具有广谱抗性。目前的研究是为了验证这些基因对马来西亚BPH人群的有效性。这项研究是用一个F2分离群体进行的，该群体是由Rathu Heenati与马来西亚商业品种MR219杂交获得的。植物损伤评分用于评估植物耐受程度，而蜜露排泄量用于衡量抗生素水平。基因在单株中的存在是根据各自报道基因的侧翼微卫星标记的分离模式来确定的。结果证实了Bph3和其他3个qtl在抵抗马来西亚BPH生物型中的作用。标记辅助育种可以方便地监测育种群体中植物的渐渗基因。©2022朋友科学出版社

{"title":"Validation of Functioning Resistant Genes against Malaysian Biotype of Brown Planthopper in Rice Variety, Rathu Heenati","authors":"Mohamad Bahagia Ab Ghaffar","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1896","url":null,"abstract":"Rathu Heenati is a donor parent commonly used in the development of resistant rice varieties against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, which is a devastating insect pest of rice. The variety is reported to have a broad-spectrum resistance against BPH, through the action of multiple genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) including Bph3, Qbph3, Qbph4 and Qbph10. The present study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of those genes against Malaysian BPH population. The study was conducted using an F2 segregating population which was obtained from a cross between Rathu Heenati and a Malaysian commercial variety, MR219. Plant damage score was used to estimate the degree of plant tolerance, while the amount of honeydew excretion was used to measure the level of antibiosis. The gene presence in an individual plant was determined based on the segregation pattern of the flanking microsatellite markers of the respective reported genes. Results confirmed the role of Bph3 and the three other QTLs in conferring resistance against the Malaysian biotype of BPH. Marker assisted breeding can facilitate the monitoring of the introgressed genes in the plants of a breeding population. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Impact of Rosemary Chitosan Microemulsion Effect on Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes Dipping in Chicken Meat Stored at 4˚C 迷迭香壳聚糖微乳液对4℃冷藏鸡肉中大肠杆菌和单核增生李斯特菌的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1900

Dalia Y. Youssef

This article studies the potential use of the Rosemarry (REO) microemulsion with/without chitosan to assess the growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria represented by Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The chicken samples were divided into four groups after inoculation of E. coli and L. monocytogenes separately: control group (without treatment), 1% chitosan nanoparticle treatment group, 0.5% REO microemulsion treatment group, and 0.5% REO + 1% chitosan microemulsion treatment group. Chicken samples were dipped into the treatments for 15 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. All groups were kept refrigerated, and bacterial counts were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Chitosan nanoparticle and REO microemulsion with/without chitosan were spherical shape and showed a narrow size distribution of 23.98 ± 0.83, 34.24 ± 2.2 and 28.01 ± 1.36 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.86, 0.33 and 0.54, respectively indicating that greater homogeneity was achieved. REO chitosan microemulsion has 12 components detected by GC-Mass as follows: pinene (22.21%), borneol (21.32%), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethanoneoxime (3.48%), oxocamphor (0.49%), camphor (2.99%), limonene (0.29%), cis-linalool oxide (0.87), 2-(5-chloro-methoxyphenyl) pyrrole (2.19%), homofarnesol (0.27%), levoverbenone (0.45%), peruviol (0.73%) and campesterol (1.22%). The results showed a substantial reduction in L. monocytogenes and E. coli count in all treatment groups when compared to the control group, with the greatest inhibitory efficacy in the 0.5% REO chitosan microemulsion group. A favorable effect of chitosan treatment on chicken acceptability during refrigerated storage was reported, with an improvement in the sensory qualities of the products. Thus, REO chitosan microemulsion is advised to be used in chicken to enhance resistance to harmful microorganisms. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

本文研究了添加/不添加壳聚糖的迷迭香(REO)微乳对以单核增生李斯特菌和大肠杆菌为代表的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性致病菌的生长抑制作用。鸡分别接种大肠杆菌和单核增生乳杆菌后分为4组:对照组(未处理)、1%壳聚糖纳米颗粒处理组、0.5% REO微乳处理组、0.5% REO + 1%壳聚糖微乳处理组。鸡肉样品浸在4℃冷藏15天。各组均冷藏，于第0、1、3、6、9、12、15天进行细菌计数。壳聚糖纳米颗粒和不含壳聚糖的REO微乳液呈球形，粒径分布较窄，分别为23.98±0.83、34.24±2.2和28.01±1.36 nm，多分散指数(PDI)分别为0.86、0.33和0.54，均质性较好。REO壳聚糖微乳液共检出12种成分，分别为蒎烯(22.21%)、冰片(21.32%)、1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙炔肟(3.48%)、氧化脑(0.49%)、樟脑(2.99%)、柠檬烯(0.29%)、顺式芳樟醇氧化物(0.87)、2-(5-氯甲氧基苯基)吡咯(2.19%)、均芳醇(0.27%)、左旋苯酮(0.45%)、peruviol(0.73%)、油菜籽醇(1.22%)。结果表明，与对照组相比，各处理组的单核增生乳杆菌和大肠杆菌数量均显著减少，其中0.5% REO壳聚糖微乳组的抑制效果最好。壳聚糖处理对冷藏鸡肉的可接受性有良好的影响，产品的感官品质得到改善。因此，建议在鸡中使用REO壳聚糖微乳液来增强对有害微生物的抵抗力。©2022朋友科学出版社

{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Rosemary Chitosan Microemulsion Effect on Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes Dipping in Chicken Meat Stored at 4˚C","authors":"Dalia Y. Youssef","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1900","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the potential use of the Rosemarry (REO) microemulsion with/without chitosan to assess the growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria represented by Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The chicken samples were divided into four groups after inoculation of E. coli and L. monocytogenes separately: control group (without treatment), 1% chitosan nanoparticle treatment group, 0.5% REO microemulsion treatment group, and 0.5% REO + 1% chitosan microemulsion treatment group. Chicken samples were dipped into the treatments for 15 days of refrigerated storage at 4°C. All groups were kept refrigerated, and bacterial counts were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15. Chitosan nanoparticle and REO microemulsion with/without chitosan were spherical shape and showed a narrow size distribution of 23.98 ± 0.83, 34.24 ± 2.2 and 28.01 ± 1.36 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.86, 0.33 and 0.54, respectively indicating that greater homogeneity was achieved. REO chitosan microemulsion has 12 components detected by GC-Mass as follows: pinene (22.21%), borneol (21.32%), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethanoneoxime (3.48%), oxocamphor (0.49%), camphor (2.99%), limonene (0.29%), cis-linalool oxide (0.87), 2-(5-chloro-methoxyphenyl) pyrrole (2.19%), homofarnesol (0.27%), levoverbenone (0.45%), peruviol (0.73%) and campesterol (1.22%). The results showed a substantial reduction in L. monocytogenes and E. coli count in all treatment groups when compared to the control group, with the greatest inhibitory efficacy in the 0.5% REO chitosan microemulsion group. A favorable effect of chitosan treatment on chicken acceptability during refrigerated storage was reported, with an improvement in the sensory qualities of the products. Thus, REO chitosan microemulsion is advised to be used in chicken to enhance resistance to harmful microorganisms. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43921717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Phosgreen Fertilization on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) 光绿施肥对生菜生长和磷吸收的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1892

A. Jama-Rodzeńska

The effect of Phosgreen fertilizer on the growth, development and biometric traits of lettuce was determined in comparison to superphosphate on two selected horticultural media. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of Phosgreen on the basis of the reaction of tested plants. Lettuce was grown on two horticultural media: mineral soil and deacidified peat. This study determined phosphorus content and uptake as a phosphorus fertilizer effect on different horticultural media. Lettuce developed and grew better on deacidified peat. Based on this study, it can be concluded that struvite is a phosphorus fertilizer with great potential and warrants further testing. A significant increase in lettuce head mass, number of leaves and rosette width under the influence of struvite was found compared to control conditions. The increase in rosette mass compared to the control was approximately 54%. The width of the rosette increased by circa 32% due to the use of Phosgreen compared to the control and by 3% compared to superphosphate. Both P content and uptake by lettuce under Phosgreen was comparable to that under superphosphate. Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd content in lettuce leaves under Phosgreen fertilization was comparable to that under superphosphate. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

在两种选定的园艺基质上，通过与过磷酸钙的比较，测定了光绿肥料对生菜生长、发育和生物特征的影响。实验的目的是在受试植物反应的基础上评估光绿的效果。生菜生长在两种园艺基质上：矿物土和脱酸泥炭。本研究确定了磷含量和吸收作为不同园艺基质上磷肥的效应。生菜在脱酸泥炭上生长发育良好。根据这项研究，可以得出鸟粪石是一种极具潜力的磷肥，值得进一步测试。与对照条件相比，在鸟粪石的影响下，莴苣头质量、叶片数量和莲座宽度显著增加。玫瑰花结质量与对照组相比增加了约54%。与对照相比，由于使用光绿，玫瑰花结的宽度增加了约32%，与过磷酸钙相比增加了3%。磷含量和生菜对磷的吸收与过磷酸钙相当。施用光绿肥的生菜叶片中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量与过磷酸钙相当。©2022 Friends Science出版社

{"title":"The Effect of Phosgreen Fertilization on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)","authors":"A. Jama-Rodzeńska","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1892","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Phosgreen fertilizer on the growth, development and biometric traits of lettuce was determined in comparison to superphosphate on two selected horticultural media. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of Phosgreen on the basis of the reaction of tested plants. Lettuce was grown on two horticultural media: mineral soil and deacidified peat. This study determined phosphorus content and uptake as a phosphorus fertilizer effect on different horticultural media. Lettuce developed and grew better on deacidified peat. Based on this study, it can be concluded that struvite is a phosphorus fertilizer with great potential and warrants further testing. A significant increase in lettuce head mass, number of leaves and rosette width under the influence of struvite was found compared to control conditions. The increase in rosette mass compared to the control was approximately 54%. The width of the rosette increased by circa 32% due to the use of Phosgreen compared to the control and by 3% compared to superphosphate. Both P content and uptake by lettuce under Phosgreen was comparable to that under superphosphate. Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd content in lettuce leaves under Phosgreen fertilization was comparable to that under superphosphate. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Nanoparticles Derived from Active Metabolites of Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 against Phytophthora Rot of Durian 铜毛霉CC3003抗榴莲疫霉活性代谢物制备的纳米颗粒

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1894

R. Tongon

Phytophthora rot of durian (Durio zibetinus L.) is a serious disease wherever the crop has been planted and the disease control customarily uses chemical fungicides reported to be resistant by pathogen. Alternative non-chemical control strategies are being investigated to produce safe food. The main objective of this research was to test the activity of metabolites from Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 in the form of crude materials and nanoparticles to control and induce immunity to Phytophthora palmivora causing rot of durian var. Monthong. The results showed that P. palmivora proved to be pathogenic to durian var. Monthong. C. cupreum CC3003 acted as an antagonist and P. palmivora was confirmed as the pathogen by morphological and molecular genetic identification. Effective doses (ED50) of CC-E, CC-H and CC-M crude metabolites for spore inhibition were 60, 97 and 140 mg.kg-1, respectively. The research findings found that the diameters of nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M were 534, 499 and 537 nm, respectively. The nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M demonstrated antifungal activity against P. palmivora with ED50 of 11, 13 and 16 mg.kg-1, respectively. The nanoparticles at low concentrations were more effective than crude metabolites at high concentrations. Nano-CC-E used to treat seedlings of durian resulted in the production of scopoletin which served as an immunity agent or elicitor against rot disease of durian. It is concluded that active metabolites derived from C. cupreum significantly inhibited P. palmivora and induced immunity through phytoalexin production. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

榴莲疫霉病是榴莲种植区的一种严重病害，一般采用具有抗性的化学杀菌剂防治。正在研究其他非化学控制策略以生产安全食品。研究了铜毛霉CC3003代谢产物以原料和纳米颗粒的形式控制和诱导对引起月农榴莲腐烂病的棕榈疫霉菌的免疫活性。结果表明，棕榈芽孢杆菌对榴莲品种有致病作用。铜铜螯合菌CC3003为拮抗菌，棕榈芽孢杆菌经形态和分子遗传鉴定为病原菌。CC-E、CC-H和CC-M粗代谢物抑制孢子的有效剂量(ED50)分别为60、97和140 mg。公斤,分别。研究发现，纳米CC-E、纳米CC-H和纳米CC-M的直径分别为534、499和537 nm。纳米CC-E、纳米CC-H和纳米CC-M对棕榈假单胞菌具有较强的抗真菌活性，ED50分别为11、13和16 mg。公斤,分别。低浓度的纳米颗粒比高浓度的粗代谢物更有效。利用纳米cc - e处理榴莲幼苗，产生东莨菪碱，可作为榴莲腐病的免疫剂或诱导剂。由此可见，铜铜的活性代谢物能显著抑制棕榈芽孢杆菌，并通过产生植物抗毒素诱导免疫。©2022朋友科学出版社

{"title":"Nanoparticles Derived from Active Metabolites of Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 against Phytophthora Rot of Durian","authors":"R. Tongon","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1894","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora rot of durian (Durio zibetinus L.) is a serious disease wherever the crop has been planted and the disease control customarily uses chemical fungicides reported to be resistant by pathogen. Alternative non-chemical control strategies are being investigated to produce safe food. The main objective of this research was to test the activity of metabolites from Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 in the form of crude materials and nanoparticles to control and induce immunity to Phytophthora palmivora causing rot of durian var. Monthong. The results showed that P. palmivora proved to be pathogenic to durian var. Monthong. C. cupreum CC3003 acted as an antagonist and P. palmivora was confirmed as the pathogen by morphological and molecular genetic identification. Effective doses (ED50) of CC-E, CC-H and CC-M crude metabolites for spore inhibition were 60, 97 and 140 mg.kg-1, respectively. The research findings found that the diameters of nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M were 534, 499 and 537 nm, respectively. The nano CC-E, nano CC-H and nano CC-M demonstrated antifungal activity against P. palmivora with ED50 of 11, 13 and 16 mg.kg-1, respectively. The nanoparticles at low concentrations were more effective than crude metabolites at high concentrations. Nano-CC-E used to treat seedlings of durian resulted in the production of scopoletin which served as an immunity agent or elicitor against rot disease of durian. It is concluded that active metabolites derived from C. cupreum significantly inhibited P. palmivora and induced immunity through phytoalexin production. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Different Doses of Acute Gamma Radiation on the Cultivation of Volvariella volvacea 不同剂量急性伽玛辐射对草粪栽培的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1898

Fatin Nabilah Fisol

In mushroom cultivation, acute gamma radiation can be used and studied to improve the production of its fruiting body. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the mycelial growth and production of the fruiting body of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The mycelia were exposed to gamma radiation at various doses: 0 (control), 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 Gy. The irradiated mycelial growth rate was recorded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and spawning substrate. The spawn was then produced by inoculating the treated mycelia on paddy straw and subsequently cultivated on an empty fruit bunch to compare the production. The result showed no significant difference in mycelial growth rate on wheat, the number of mushrooms, and mushroom weight between control and treatments of 300, 600 and 900 Gy. However, there was the presence of hairy structures on the fruiting bodies of V. volvacea in all spawns with irradiated mycelia and the production of clustered fruiting bodies from spawns treated with 1200 Gy observed. The effect of treatments on the texture of fruiting bodies was insignificant. Although acute gamma radiation did not significantly increase the production of V. volvacea compared to the control treatment, there were morphological changes observed on the V. volvacea fruiting body which can be studied further. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

在香菇栽培中，可以研究利用急性γ辐射提高其子实体的产量。因此，本研究的目的是研究伽马辐射对草菇(Volvariella volvacea，牛)菌丝生长和子实体生产的影响。歌手。将菌丝体暴露在不同剂量的γ射线下:0(对照)、300、600、900、1200和1500 Gy。在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)和产卵基质上记录了辐照后菌丝的生长速度。然后将处理过的菌丝接种在水稻秸秆上产生菌种，随后在空果束上培养以比较产量。结果表明，300、600和900 Gy处理与对照处理对小麦菌丝生长速率、蘑菇数量和蘑菇质量无显著影响。然而，在菌丝辐照后的所有卵的子实体上都存在毛状结构，并观察到1200 Gy辐照后的卵产生了成簇的子实体。处理对子实体质地的影响不显著。与对照处理相比，急性伽玛辐射没有显著提高紫豆的产量，但在紫豆子实体上观察到形态变化，可以进一步研究。©2022朋友科学出版社

{"title":"Effect of Different Doses of Acute Gamma Radiation on the Cultivation of Volvariella volvacea","authors":"Fatin Nabilah Fisol","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1898","url":null,"abstract":"In mushroom cultivation, acute gamma radiation can be used and studied to improve the production of its fruiting body. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the mycelial growth and production of the fruiting body of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The mycelia were exposed to gamma radiation at various doses: 0 (control), 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 Gy. The irradiated mycelial growth rate was recorded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and spawning substrate. The spawn was then produced by inoculating the treated mycelia on paddy straw and subsequently cultivated on an empty fruit bunch to compare the production. The result showed no significant difference in mycelial growth rate on wheat, the number of mushrooms, and mushroom weight between control and treatments of 300, 600 and 900 Gy. However, there was the presence of hairy structures on the fruiting bodies of V. volvacea in all spawns with irradiated mycelia and the production of clustered fruiting bodies from spawns treated with 1200 Gy observed. The effect of treatments on the texture of fruiting bodies was insignificant. Although acute gamma radiation did not significantly increase the production of V. volvacea compared to the control treatment, there were morphological changes observed on the V. volvacea fruiting body which can be studied further. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modified Atmosphere as an Alternative Measure for Controlling of Sitophilus oryzae Reared on Different Stored Grains 改良大气作为控制不同储粮稻瘟病菌的替代措施

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1901

Muhammad Mohsin

Protection of grains and their products from insect pests remained a big constraint in the way of food security. Current study evaluated the effective exposure time to kill the Sitophilus oryzae (L.), reared on two different diets viz., wheat and maize under six Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Modified atmospheres (MA) contained 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% CO2 by volume at ambient temperature, respectively. Twenty S. oryzae adults, along with a 20 g diet, were released in each airtight exposure chamber (150 mL capacity). A measured quantity of CO2 gas (99.9%) was released in exposure chamber by the injection syringe from gas cylinder. Mortality data were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The mortality rates varied between the insect cultures reared on maize and wheat diets. S. oryzae, reared on a wheat diet, showed higher mortality after exposure to all CO2 concentrations as compared to the insect culture reared on the maize diet. At 45% CO2concentration, maximum mortality (100%) was observed after 120 h in case of maize reared insects and (100%) after 96 h in case of wheat reared S. oryzae. The results revealed that Carbon dioxide, as an eco-friendly approach, may be used as the best alternative method to minimize the pest infestation in stored products to avoid insecticide resistance development in stored grain insect pests. The Carbon dioxide is not included in the category of toxic gases and has no detrimental or residual effect in the stored grains. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

保护粮食及其产品免受虫害仍然是粮食安全的一大制约因素。目前的研究评估了在六种二氧化碳（CO2）浓度下，用两种不同的日粮（即小麦和玉米）饲养的稻瘟病菌的有效暴露时间。改性大气压（MA）在环境温度下分别含有25、30、35、40、45和50体积%的CO2。在每个密闭暴露室（容量为150毫升）中释放20只米曲霉成虫和20克饮食。通过注射注射器从气瓶在暴露室中释放测量量的CO2气体（99.9%）。在24、48、72、96和120小时后记录死亡率数据。玉米和小麦日粮饲养的昆虫培养物的死亡率各不相同。与玉米日粮饲养的昆虫培养物相比，在小麦日粮中饲养的米曲霉在暴露于所有CO2浓度后显示出更高的死亡率。在45%的CO2浓度下，玉米饲养的昆虫在120小时后观察到最大死亡率（100%），小麦饲养的米曲霉在96小时后观察观察到最大死亡（100%）。结果表明，二氧化碳作为一种环保的方法，可以作为最大限度地减少储存产品中害虫侵扰的最佳替代方法，以避免储存谷物害虫对杀虫剂产生耐药性。二氧化碳不属于有毒气体类别，在储存的谷物中没有有害或残留影响。©2022 Friends Science出版社

{"title":"Modified Atmosphere as an Alternative Measure for Controlling of Sitophilus oryzae Reared on Different Stored Grains","authors":"Muhammad Mohsin","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1901","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of grains and their products from insect pests remained a big constraint in the way of food security. Current study evaluated the effective exposure time to kill the Sitophilus oryzae (L.), reared on two different diets viz., wheat and maize under six Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Modified atmospheres (MA) contained 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50% CO2 by volume at ambient temperature, respectively. Twenty S. oryzae adults, along with a 20 g diet, were released in each airtight exposure chamber (150 mL capacity). A measured quantity of CO2 gas (99.9%) was released in exposure chamber by the injection syringe from gas cylinder. Mortality data were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The mortality rates varied between the insect cultures reared on maize and wheat diets. S. oryzae, reared on a wheat diet, showed higher mortality after exposure to all CO2 concentrations as compared to the insect culture reared on the maize diet. At 45% CO2concentration, maximum mortality (100%) was observed after 120 h in case of maize reared insects and (100%) after 96 h in case of wheat reared S. oryzae. The results revealed that Carbon dioxide, as an eco-friendly approach, may be used as the best alternative method to minimize the pest infestation in stored products to avoid insecticide resistance development in stored grain insect pests. The Carbon dioxide is not included in the category of toxic gases and has no detrimental or residual effect in the stored grains. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0