International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献_第6页

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Histopathological Effects of Methanol Leaf Extract of Uvaria chamae on the Midgut of Sitophilus zeamais 气相色谱-质谱联用技术及其对玉米象中肠组织病理学的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1884

D. Oboho

The present study was carried out to assess the effect of methanol leaf extract of Uvaria chamae using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) to determine the phytochemicals present and its effect on the histology of midgut of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. Insects were administered with 10 mg/kg of the plant extract using diffusion method where insects were put in a petri dish containing various concentrations and observed to see the stage they begin to die due to toxicity and observed for 5 min. They were collected into foil processing paper and fixed in Bouins fluid for 24 h, repacked after 24 h and folded in fresh foil immersed in buffered formalin for histopathological studies. Result revealed that a severe degeneration de-arrangement of the respiratory tract epithelial lining, secretory lining cells and gastrointestinal layers with the destruction of the muscular layer when compared with the control. The methanol leaf extracts of U. chamae were preliminary screened for the phytochemicals. The extract shows the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponin, steroids/terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols. GC-MS analysis of the extract showed the presence of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (4.00), malic acid (2.04), L-aspartic acid (2.00), 1, 1, dimethylhydrazine (1.86), Cedrandiol (1.75), 2-amino-4-(2-methylpropenyl)-pyrimidin-5-carboxylic acid (1.56), thiirane (1.54), mercaptoethanol (1.11) and some minor compounds. The findings indicated that methanol extract of U. chamae is rich in phyto-compounds having biological activities on the midguts’ histology of S. zeamais. Therefore, it is recommended as an alternative for the synthetic insecticide used by farmers for the preservation of stored grains. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

本研究采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）测定了玉米象甲醇叶提取物中存在的植物化学物质及其对玉米象中肠组织学的影响。使用扩散法给昆虫施用10mg/kg的植物提取物，其中将昆虫放入含有不同浓度的培养皿中，观察它们由于毒性而开始死亡的阶段，并观察5分钟。将它们收集到箔处理纸中，并在Bouins液中固定24小时，24小时后重新包装，并在浸泡在缓冲福尔马林中的新鲜箔中折叠以进行组织病理学研究。结果显示，与对照组相比，呼吸道上皮层、分泌层细胞和胃肠道层的排列严重退化，肌肉层受到破坏。对狼毒甲醇叶提取物中的植物化学成分进行了初步筛选。提取物中含有强心苷、皂苷、甾体/萜类、黄酮类、生物碱和酚类。提取物的GC-MS分析显示存在2-硝基苯甲醛（4.00）、苹果酸（2.04）、L-天冬氨酸（2.00）、1，1、二甲基肼（1.86）、雪松二醇（1.75）、2-氨基-4-（2-甲基丙烯基）-嘧啶-5-羧酸（1.56）、硫烷（1.54）、巯基乙醇（1.11）和一些次要化合物。研究结果表明，狼毒甲醇提取物中含有丰富的对玉米中肠组织学具有生物活性的植物化合物。因此，建议将其作为农民用于保存储存谷物的合成杀虫剂的替代品。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of Canary Hair Sheep´s Breed Carcass Fed Banana (Musa acuminate) By-Products: Effects on Regional Tissue Composition, pH and Color 香蕉（Musa acuminate）副产品饲养的金丝雀毛羊胴体特性：对区域组织组成、pH值和颜色的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1853

S. Ahmed

The contributions of replacing rye-grass (Lolium spp.) hay with banana (Musa acuminata) by-products on carcass and tissue characteristics, pH and color, in the Canary hair sheep breed were studied. Twenty-two lambs with an initial live weight of 14.8 ± 2.5 kg were individually housed and fed two different diets for 58 days: The first group (experimental diet) received as forage a mixture of fresh banana (Musa acuminata) by-products composed by leaves and pseudo-stem. The other one got commercial rye-grass (Lolium spp.) hay (conventional diet) as a fiber source. The two groups got an additional commercial concentrate food (CON). After the 58 days growing trial (24.3 kg ± 1.0 kg), seven lambs of each group (n=14) were slaughtered in the experimental slaughterhouse. The muscle, the pH, and the color were measured at the time immediately after slaughter and 24 h later, using the muscles Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and semimembranosus. At that time (after 24 h), the remaining semi-carcass was butchered and dissected for analysis of the carcass´s regional and tissue composition. Although there is no significant difference on the tissue composition, carcass regional and the muscle pH, there are significant differences in the color in the Longisimus toracis et lumborum between the two assessed diets. The incorporation of banana by-products in a diet to fatten lambs Canary hair sheep breed would not grossly alter the carcass quality, at least based on the assessed parameters. Banana by-products as a feeding resource can maintain animal productivity and meat quality. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

研究了用香蕉（Musa acuminata）副产品代替黑麦干草（Lolium spp.）对金丝雀毛羊胴体和组织特征、pH值和颜色的影响。将22只初始活重为14.8±2.5kg的羔羊单独饲养并饲喂两种不同的日粮58天：第一组（实验日粮）接受由叶子和假茎组成的新鲜香蕉（Musa acuminata）副产物的混合物作为饲料。另一种以商业黑麦干草（传统日粮）作为纤维来源。两组获得了额外的商业浓缩食品（CON）。经过58天的生长试验（24.3kg±1.0kg），每组7只羔羊（n=14）在实验屠宰场屠宰。在屠宰后立即和24小时后，使用胸腰最长肌和半膜肌测量肌肉、pH和颜色。当时（24小时后），对剩余的半胴体进行屠宰和解剖，以分析胴体的区域和组织成分。尽管在组织组成、胴体区域和肌肉pH值方面没有显著差异，但两种评估日粮之间的长腿龙的颜色存在显著差异。至少根据评估的参数，在育肥羔羊的饮食中加入香蕉副产品不会严重改变胴体质量。香蕉副产品作为一种饲料资源，可以保持动物生产力和肉质。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Broccoli Seedling Production in Response to Recognised Organic Inputs 响应公认的有机输入的西兰花幼苗生产

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1854

J. Rodríguez-Ortiz

This study evaluated the production of seedlings broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) with organic inputs. The inputs were as follows; a) growth medium, consisting of Sphagnum peat (Pro Moss TBK®) mixed with poultry manure compost (Vertia® brand) in a) 90:10 and 80:20 ratios; b) biofungicide Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Natucontrol® brand) at doses of 1.5 and 3 g/L water per 338-cavity polystyrene tray; and c) complementary nutrition applied in irrigation with poultry manure tea at doses of 0.5 and 1 dS/m per tray every two days. Control set was a ‘typical management’ control based on peat (100%) as a growing medium with the application of conventional fertiliser (1 g/L of Tricel® 20 every two days) and conventional fungicide Mancozeb as a damping-off preventative (1 g/L per tray). The seedling growth, relative chlorophyll content, photosystem II quantum yield, and morphological indicators showed that the eight treatments with recognised organic inputs performed significantly better than the control (p<0.05). The use of peat substrate mixed with poultry manure (80:20 ratio) with inoculation of T. harzianum at a dose of 1.5–3 g/L and with application of poultry manure tea at a dose of 1 dS/m yielded the best results. We determined that it is possible to obtain quality broccoli seedlings with the inputs recognised for certified organic agriculture. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

本研究评价了有机投入下花椰菜（Brassica oleracea var.Italica）幼苗的生产。投入如下：；a）生长培养基，由泥炭泥炭（Pro Moss TBK®）与家禽粪便堆肥（Vertia®品牌）以a）90:10和80:20的比例混合而成；b）生物絮凝剂哈茨木霉Rifai（Natucontrol®品牌），剂量为每338腔聚苯乙烯托盘1.5和3 g/L水；和c）以每托盘每两天0.5和1dS/m的剂量在家禽粪便茶灌溉中施用的补充营养。对照组是一种“典型管理”对照，以泥炭（100%）为生长介质，施用常规化肥（每两天1 g/L Tricel®20）和常规杀菌剂Mancozeb作为阻尼预防剂（每托盘1 g/L）。幼苗生长、相对叶绿素含量、光系统II量子产量，形态学指标显示，8个有机输入处理的效果明显好于对照（p<0.05）。使用泥炭基质与家禽粪便（80:20比例）混合，接种1.5–3 g/L的哈茨霉，并施用1 dS/m的家禽粪便茶，效果最好。我们确定，通过认证有机农业的投入，可以获得高质量的西兰花幼苗。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 1

Sources and Doses of Nitrogen Associated with Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Modulate Growth and Gas Exchange of Corn in the Brazilian Amazon 接种巴西氮螺旋菌相关氮的来源和剂量对巴西亚马逊地区玉米生长和气体交换的调节

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1843

J. G. Palheta

The specific objective of the study was to evaluate effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen (N) doses on vegetative growth and gas exchange in Zea mays L. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized, in a 4 2 2 factorial scheme, in the following way: four doses of N (0 60 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of N), two sources of N (common urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea) and absence and presence of inoculation with A. brasilense, with four replications. The evaluations were made for vegetative growth of the plant (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of stem, root, leaves and aerial part and total dry mass) and photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon, relationship between internal and external carbon and content of chloroplast pigments. The application of N provided an improvement in plant growth, and, in general, the dose of 180 kg ha-1 N associated with A. brasilense, promoted an increase in stem diameter, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and internal carbon ratio of the corn. The treatment with urease inhibitor, greatly promoted the stem diameter, transpiration, Ci/Ca ratio and chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, total compared to urea treatment. The inoculation of the corn seeds with the bacteria and the use of N fertilization, regardless of the source, promoted an improvement in the vegetative growth of the hybrid, improving the vegetative growth and the physiological responses of corn when applied to the highest dose of 180 kg/ha N. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

这项研究的具体目标是评估影响接种的Azospirillum brasilense和氮(N)剂量的营养生长和气体交换玉蜀黍l .实验设计采用是完全随机的,4 2 2阶乘方案,以下列方式:四个剂量的N(0 120和180公斤农业(N), N的两个来源(普通尿素及脲酶inhibitor-treated尿素)和a . brasilense接种的缺失和存在有四个复制。对植株的营养生长(株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶数、茎、根、叶、地上部分和总干质量)、光合作用、气孔导度、蒸腾作用、内部碳、内外碳关系和叶绿体色素含量进行评价。施氮对植株生长有促进作用，总体而言，180 kg hm -1施氮能促进玉米茎粗、光合作用、气孔导度、蒸腾和内碳比的增加。与尿素处理相比，尿素酶抑制剂处理显著提高了茎粗、蒸腾、Ci/Ca比和叶绿素(Chl) a、b、total。在玉米种子中接种细菌和不考虑来源的氮肥，均促进了杂交玉米营养生长的改善，最高施氮量为180 kg/ hn时，改善了玉米的营养生长和生理反应©2021 Friends Science Publishers

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引用次数: 0

Authentication, Micromorphology and Ultrastructure of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Endemic Taxa in Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt 埃及南西奈圣凯瑟琳保护区特有红豆杉花粉粒和种子的鉴定、显微形态和超微结构

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1844

M. EL-KHALAFY

The endemic taxa were restricted to a specific geographic region and they are essential for setting conservation priorities. This study aimed to update the endemic taxa list in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) depending on literature reviews, field trips and herbaria consultation. Other characters also recorded viz, sex forms, dispersal types and flowering time. Also, the morphological characters of the pollen grains and seeds were examined and photographed using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the mineral composition of pollens and seeds was detected using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The updated list included 13 taxa belonging to 11 genera and 8 families. All the recorded taxa were bisexual; ballochores were the most represented dispersal type. There was a gradual increase in the endemic taxa from March to August while decreasing from October to February. Pollens were isopolar and medium in size. They possessed colpate, colporate, or porate aperatus, as well as reticulate exine sculpture. Furthermore, operculum and margo were absent in most of the pollens. The seed colour ranged from light brown to black; elliptic; basal hilum; polygonal and irregular-shaped seeds were the most represented. All previous characters were diagnosed at generic and specific levels, which helped in the construction of artificial keys to facilitate the differentiation between the studied taxa. The present study has the priority in describing pollens and seeds of Astragalus fresenii and Micromeria serbaliana, in addition to the description of the seeds of Ballota kaiseri. The presence and percentage of twelve elements detected by EDX differed significantly within the investigated pollen grains and seeds. The present data indicated that pollen grains and seeds of studied taxa had high percentages of carbon, oxygen, phosphorous, magnesium, nitrogen and calcium. This study is the first attempt using EDX technique with these taxa. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

特有类群仅限于特定的地理区域，它们对于确定保护重点至关重要。本研究旨在根据文献综述、实地考察和草药咨询，更新圣凯瑟琳保护区（SKP）的特有分类群列表。还记录了其他性状，即性形态、扩散类型和开花时间。利用光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对花粉粒和种子的形态特征进行了检测和拍照。此外，利用能量色散X射线（EDX）对花粉和种子的矿物成分进行了检测。更新后的名录包括8科11属13个分类群。所有记录的分类群均为两性；投票是最具代表性的分散类型。从三月到八月，特有类群逐渐增加，而从十月到二月则有所减少。花粉等极性，中等大小。他们拥有colpate、colporate或porate aperatus，以及网状出口雕塑。此外，多数花粉中无盖和缘。种子颜色从浅棕色到黑色不等；椭圆形；基生门；多边形和不规则形状的种子最具代表性。所有先前的特征都是在通用和特定水平上诊断的，这有助于构建人工钥匙，以促进所研究分类群之间的分化。本研究除描述开塞巴洛塔的种子外，还优先描述了弗雷森尼黄芪和serbaliana小麦的花粉和种子。EDX检测到的12种元素在所研究的花粉粒和种子中的存在和百分比存在显著差异。目前的数据表明，所研究分类群的花粉粒和种子具有高百分比的碳、氧、磷、镁、氮和钙。这项研究是首次尝试使用EDX技术对这些分类群进行研究。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Sorghum Plant Growth under Nitrogen-Deficient Conditions through Activation of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism Enzymes 丛枝菌根真菌通过激活氮碳代谢酶促进缺氮条件下高粱的生长

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1825

A. Kchikich

Nitrogen (N), one of the most important elements for plant growth, is needed by plants in large quantities. However, this nutrient has limited supply in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their ability to form symbiotic association with plants and transfer the mineral nutrients to the host plants. To validate this hypothesis on sorghum plants, three ecotypes of this cereal (3p4, 3p9 and 4p11) were cultivated with and without AMF under low nitrogen concentration (0.5 mM NH4+). Growth parameters were determined and key enzymes responsible for nitrogen and carbon metabolisms such as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and asparate aminotransferase (AAT) were measured. For the three sorghum ecotypes, mycorrhizal plants showed a higher plant growth compared to the control plants. The biochemical parameters revealed a significant increase in the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes; GS and GDH in the leaves and roots of mycorrhizal plants. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi also appear to have a significant effect on carbon assimilatory enzymes. These enzymes are known to have a cardinal role in the provision of carbon skeletons essential for the assimilation of ammonium and thus, amino acids synthesis. Our study indicates clearly that AMF can be an efficient way to optimize nitrogen uptake and/or assimilation by plants and thus improve the crop yields with lower amount of nitrogen fertilizers. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

氮(N)是植物生长最重要的元素之一，植物需要大量的氮。然而，这种养分在土壤中的供应有限。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)具有与植物形成共生关系并将矿质营养物质转移给寄主植物的能力。为了在高粱植株上验证这一假设，在低氮浓度(0.5 mM NH4+)条件下，对高粱3个生态型(3p4、3p9和4p11)进行了加和不加AMF的栽培。测定生长参数，测定氮碳代谢的关键酶如谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AAT)。在3个生态型高粱中，菌根植株的生长均高于对照植株。生化指标显示氮同化酶显著升高;菌根植物叶片和根中的GS和GDH。此外，菌根真菌对碳同化酶也有显著的影响。众所周知，这些酶在提供铵的同化和氨基酸合成所必需的碳骨架中起着重要作用。我们的研究清楚地表明，AMF可以有效地优化植物对氮的吸收和同化，从而在较低的氮肥用量下提高作物产量。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 5

Productivity of Phosphorus Fertilization in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping under Rainfed Conditions 旱作条件下大豆-玉米带状间作磷肥产量的研究

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1834

J. Asiwe

Crop yields are declined due to low soil fertility, insufficient soil water availability and poorly managed cropping systems in Limpopo province of South Africa. Phosphorus (P) is a major essential nutrient element required by crops for enhanced growth and development. Interactions between different rates of P fertilization and strip intercropping system have not been studied in detail under rainfed conditions in semi-arid region of Limpopo province. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the performance of four cowpea varieties at four levels (0, 15, 30, 45 kg P ha-1) of P fertilization in a cowpea-maize intercropping system in a split-split plot design during two seasons. Significant interactions were obtained between variety and phosphorus application as well as variety and cropping system for 90% physiological maturity, root mass and grain yield in both seasons. P levels significantly influenced and enhanced grain yield, land equivalent ratio, profit and benefit cost ratio achieved. PAN311 and TVu13464 matured earlier across P levels and they were selected promising cowpea varieties based on their early maturity and high yield. Land equivalent ratio values were greater than 1.0, which indicated performance and advantage of an intercropping system over monocropping system in land utilisation. The optimum P level for cowpea-maize strip intercropping was at 30 kg P ha-1 based on yield and financial return. The results showed that P application enhanced the productivity of the cowpea varieties in cowpea-maize strip intercropping in the semi-arid environment of Limpopo province. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

由于南非林波波省土壤肥力低、土壤水分不足和种植制度管理不善，作物产量下降。磷是作物生长发育所需的主要必需营养元素。在林波波省半干旱地区的降雨条件下，尚未详细研究不同施肥率和条带间作系统之间的相互作用。因此，本研究采用分块小区设计，在两个季节的豇豆-玉米间作系统中，对4个豇豆品种在4个水平（0、15、30、45kg P ha-1）的施磷性能进行了评估。在两个季节中，品种与磷的施用以及品种与种植制度之间存在显著的相互作用，达到90%的生理成熟度、根系质量和粮食产量。P水平显著影响和提高了粮食产量、土地当量比、效益成本比。PAN311和TVu13464在P水平上成熟较早，根据其早熟性和高产性，被选为有前景的豇豆品种。土地当量比值大于1.0，表明间作系统在土地利用方面优于单作系统。基于产量和经济效益，豇豆-玉米条带间作的最适磷水平为30kg P ha-1。结果表明，在林波波省半干旱环境下，在豇豆-玉米条带间作中，施磷提高了豇豆品种的生产力。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 3

Expression Changes of Genes Related to Germination Based on EST Database under Priming Treatment by Gibberellic Acid in Perilla frutescens (Korean Perilla) 基于EST数据库的赤霉素诱导下紫苏萌发相关基因的表达变化

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1831

E. Seong

It is very important to establish an optimal seed priming process in order to increase the vitality of the seeds and promote the metabolism for the germination of the seeds. The optimum concentrations and species of priming agents to improve seed germination of both medicinal plants were also estimated. To improve the germination rate of Perilla frutescens(Korean perilla) seeds, various seed priming agents were used to analyze seed germination rates in the Saeyeopsil, Okdong and 141 collection Korean perilla cultivars. The agents used for seed priming were CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaCl, K3PO4, polyethylene glycol, and gibberellic acid (GA3). When 0.1 mMGA3was used for seed priming, germination rates of Okdong, and the 141 collection showed a greater than 70% increase compared to the controls. Nine genes were selected for expression analysis by searching for genes related to seed germination and plant development in the EST(Expressed Sequence Tag) database of the Korean perilla cDNA library. GA3priming treatment for 1 d induced higher transcriptional levels of genes related to germination and plant developmentthan controls treated with water only. These genes were identified as protochlorophyllide reductase-like, magnesium-chelatase subunit ChlI, heme-binding protein 2-like, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase A, Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 6, B2 protein, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, and 21 kDa protein. From these results, we suggest that when priming Korean perilla seeds with GA3, a large number of genes involved in plant development at early stages of seed germination play a role in improving the seed germination rate. Also, these induced genes are ideal candidate biomarkers for seed priming of Korean perilla. Specially, protochlorophyllide reductase-like is thought to be a potential gene for future molecular marker.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

为了提高种子的活力，促进种子的新陈代谢，建立一种最佳的催种工艺对种子的萌发具有重要意义。并对促进两种药用植物种子萌发的最佳起爆剂浓度和种类进行了估计。为了提高紫苏种子的发芽率，采用不同的发芽剂对沙叶、玉洞和141个收集的紫苏品种的种子发芽率进行了分析。引种剂为CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2、NaCl、K3PO4、聚乙二醇和赤霉素(GA3)。当0.1 mmga3用于种子激发时，玉洞和141的发芽率比对照提高了70%以上。通过在紫苏cDNA文库EST(Expressed Sequence Tag)数据库中搜索与种子萌发和植物发育相关的基因，选择9个基因进行表达分析。ga3引物处理1 d诱导的萌发和植株发育相关基因转录水平高于单纯水处理的对照。这些基因分别为原叶绿内酯还原酶样、镁螯合酶亚基ChlI、血红素结合蛋白2样、甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶A、叶绿素A -b结合蛋白6、B2蛋白、2-Cys过氧化物还氧蛋白BAS1和21kda蛋白。综上所述，我们认为GA3在北紫苏种子中引发大量种子萌发初期参与植物发育的基因对提高种子发芽率起作用。这些诱导基因是紫苏种子引种的理想候选生物标记物。特别是原叶绿内酯类还原酶被认为是未来分子标记的潜在基因。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of Cellulose Rich Organic Matter Degradation by Inoculation with Streptomyces sp. Strains 链霉菌菌株接种促进富含纤维素的有机物降解

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1832

Simonida Djuri

Microbial degradation of organic matter is a vital part of carbon cycle in nature. Actinobacteria play an important role in the decomposition of cellulose rich organic matter (CROM). Streptomyces spp. are abundant in soil, produce various secondary metabolites and secrete extracellular enzymes. The aim of this research was to isolate and select Streptomyces strains with the best cellulose degradation abilities. Out of total 32 actinobacteria isolates, four Streptomyces strains (CA1, CA10, PA2 and PA7) were subjected to morphological, physiological, biochemical characterization and molecular identification. CROM degradation potential of the strains was investigated on straw and beech briquettes as well as on legume based substrate in in vitro condition. Streptomyces strains CA1 and CA10 showed the best cellulose production and starch hydrolysis abilities, followed by strains PA2 and PA7. Strain CA1 was also positive to production of pectinase enzymes. Streptomyces zaomyceticus CA1 and S. tanashiensis CA10 were used as inoculants, which degraded the raw cellulose from 38.38 to 81.69% in the investigated substrates (straw, beech, legume), during a 30-day incubation experiment. CROM inoculation with the selected Streptomyces strains improved and accelerated its degradation in controlled conditions. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

微生物对有机物的降解是自然界碳循环的重要组成部分。放线菌在富纤维素有机质(CROM)的分解中起着重要作用。链霉菌在土壤中含量丰富，产生多种次生代谢产物，分泌胞外酶。本研究的目的是分离和筛选具有最佳纤维素降解能力的链霉菌菌株。对32株放线菌中4株链霉菌(CA1、CA10、PA2和PA7)进行形态、生理、生化表征和分子鉴定。在体外条件下，研究了菌株对秸秆、山毛榉压块以及豆科基质的CROM降解潜力。链霉菌菌株CA1和CA10的纤维素产量和淀粉水解能力最好，其次是菌株PA2和PA7。菌株CA1对果胶酶的产生也呈阳性反应。以zaomyceticus CA1和S. tanashiensis CA10为接种剂，在30 d的培养试验中，对秸秆、山毛榉、豆科植物中纤维素的降解率从38.38%降至81.69%。在控制条件下，用所选链霉菌接种CROM可改善并加速其降解。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 0

Do Hydro-Retainer Polymers Attenuate Damage from Water Fluctuations in Leaf Metabolism and the Quality of Cedrela odorata Seedlings? 保水聚合物能减轻水分波动对香柏树幼苗代谢和质量的损害吗？

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1826

Márcio S. Silva

Water stress, caused by excess or lower of water, can negatively affect leaf metabolism and seedling growth and prevent it from developing its maximum genetic potential. In this sense, it is necessary to use as that can mitigate these deleterious effects on plants at their initial phase of growth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of hydrogel in the mitigation of water stress (deficit and flooding) on photosynthetic metabolism and growth characteristics of C. odorata seedlings, and also evaluate their recovery potential after the resumption of irrigation. The characteristics of photosynthetic metabolism, growth and quality of C. odorata seedlings showed a reduction caused by water fluctuations, indicating sensitivity to these conditions, although photosynthesis photochemistry was affected to a lower extent. The addition of the hydro-retainer polymer contributed little to the biochemical and photochemical indicators of photosynthesis and seedling quality, a fact that directs us to reject our hypothesis that its use promotes mitigation of damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and to the growth. Cedrela odorata is sensitive to water variations in the soil, but recovers the photosynthetic metabolism and quality of the seedlings once the stressful water condition is suspended. The application of the hydro-retainer polymer mitigated, but the seedlings recovered regardless of their presence. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

水分过多或过少引起的水分胁迫会对叶片代谢和幼苗生长产生负面影响，并阻止其发挥最大的遗传潜力。从这个意义上说，有必要使用，因为这可以减轻植物在生长初期的这些有害影响。这项工作的目的是评估水凝胶在缓解水分胁迫（亏缺和淹水）方面对臭曲霉幼苗光合代谢和生长特性的影响，并评估其在恢复灌溉后的恢复潜力。气味C.odorata幼苗的光合代谢、生长和质量特征显示出水分波动导致的降低，表明其对这些条件的敏感性，尽管光合作用光化学受到的影响较小。保水聚合物的添加对光合作用和幼苗质量的生化和光化学指标几乎没有贡献，这一事实使我们拒绝了我们的假设，即其使用有助于减轻对光合器官和生长的损害。气味雪松对土壤中的水分变化很敏感，但一旦压力水条件暂停，就会恢复幼苗的光合代谢和质量。保水聚合物的应用有所缓解，但无论是否存在，幼苗都能恢复。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 1