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Seagrass Debris as Source of Fiber and Bioactive Compounds in Feed for Dairy Goats 海草碎屑作为奶山羊饲料中纤维和生物活性化合物的来源
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1888
Y. Hachana
Climate change has severely affected rainfall regularity, limiting grass growth and thus fodder availability. Finding unconventional resources has become a challenge for small and medium breeders to feed their livestock. The objective of this study is to determine whether the use of marine plant debris, Posidonia oceanica, as total or partial replacement of oat hay in alpine goat diets will affect or not milk yield and quality. The sea grass was characterized according to the sampling site. Chemical and phytochemical analysis revealed significantly higher levels of dry matter, minerals, total polyphenols and carotenoids in P. oceanica on banquettes than in floating Posidonia. The condensed tannin content was almost the same for both sites. Partial or total replacement of oat hay by P. oceanica in alpine goat rations significantly increased milk production and milk fat content, while somatic cell count decreased significantly. In addition, P. oceanica significantly enhanced milk biochemical composition by increasing flavonoid and total phenol contents. However, protein, lactose and freezing point parameters were not affected. Sensory analysis revealed substantial improvement in the organoleptic quality of P. oceanica fed goats’ milk compared to the other group, which was highly appreciated by most of the panelists. The seagrass P. ocanica could therefore be a safe solution to improve fodder availability for small and medium breeders, reduce production costs and increase milk market value. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
气候变化严重影响了降雨规律，限制了草的生长，从而限制了饲料的供应。寻找非常规资源已成为中小型饲养者喂养牲畜的挑战。本研究的目的是确定在高山山羊日粮中使用海洋植物废弃物Posidonia oceanica作为燕麦干草的全部或部分替代品是否会影响牛奶产量和质量。根据采样地点对海草进行了表征。化学和植物化学分析显示，与漂浮的Posidonia相比，宴会上的P.oceanica的干物质、矿物质、总多酚和类胡萝卜素水平显著较高。两个地点的浓缩单宁含量几乎相同。在高山山羊日粮中，P.oceanica部分或全部替代燕麦干草显著提高了产奶量和乳脂含量，而体细胞计数显著下降。此外，P.oceanica通过增加类黄酮和总酚含量，显著提高了牛奶的生化成分。然而，蛋白质、乳糖和冰点参数没有受到影响。感官分析显示，与其他组相比，P.oceanica喂养的山羊奶的感官质量有了显著改善，这得到了大多数小组成员的高度赞赏。因此，海草P.ocanica可能是一种安全的解决方案，可以改善中小型养殖者的饲料供应，降低生产成本，提高牛奶市场价值。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Gastrointestinal Tract Luwak（Paradourus hermachroditus）胃肠道乳酸菌的鉴定
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1887
fitriyana fitri
Luwak is a mammal that is widely cultivated to produce luwak coffee. Luwak coffee is a rare and one of the world's most expensive coffees from Indonesia. Numerous enzymes and microorganisms, many of which are lactic acid bacteria, contribute to the production of the coffee aroma. This research aims to identify lactic acid bacteria from luwak digestion accurately down to the species level. The parameters tested in this study were Gram staining, bacterial resistance to acid, bacterial resistance to bile salts, and genotypic identification of isolates using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The results found that US1, FS3, FS4 and FS6 were identified as Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, US2 and US3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, FS2 was identified as Weissella cibaria and FS5 was identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus. All of these isolates were included in Gram-positive based on the results of Gram staining. However, among the 8 isolates obtained, one isolate, namely FS5 (S. haemolyticus), was not a lactic acid bacterium, but a pathogenic bacterium. This information can be used for the development of luwak origin bacteria for in vitro coffee fermentation purposes. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
鲁瓦克是一种被广泛种植来生产鲁瓦克咖啡的哺乳动物。Luwak咖啡是一种罕见的，也是世界上最昂贵的印尼咖啡之一。许多酶和微生物，其中许多是乳酸菌，有助于咖啡香气的产生。这项研究的目的是从羽扇豆的消化过程中准确地识别乳酸菌，直至物种水平。本研究中测试的参数是革兰氏染色、细菌对酸的耐药性、细菌对胆汁盐的耐药性，以及使用16S rRNA基因测序方法对分离株进行基因型鉴定。结果发现，US1、FS3、FS4和FS6被鉴定为假间充质明串珠菌，US2和US3被鉴定为植物乳杆菌，FS2被鉴定为西氏魏氏菌，FS5被鉴定为溶血葡萄球菌。根据革兰氏染色结果，所有这些分离株均被纳入革兰氏阳性。然而，在获得的8个分离株中，有一个分离株，即FS5（溶血性链球菌），不是乳酸菌，而是病原菌。这些信息可用于开发用于体外咖啡发酵目的的羽扇豆来源细菌。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 0
Depletion and Distribution Studies for Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chicken using Commercial ELISA with Subsequent Confirmatory Analysis by HPLC-UV 应用商用酶联免疫吸附试验研究土霉素在肉鸡体内的消耗和分布，并辅以HPLC-UV验证分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1890
Mehwish Mumtaz
Tetracyclines are commonly used in livestock for the treatment of various diseases. Their residues above the maximum residual limit-MRL (200 μg kg-1) can cause health hazard issues not only in humans but also in animals. For this purpose, efforts were made to study distribution and depletion profile of Oxytetracycline in broiler chicken by ELISA and HPLC. Regarding this, an experiment was conducted on healthy chickens of average weight 600 ± 20 g. Six broiler chickens were treated with formulation (OXTRA L.A.) containing Oxytetracycline dehydrate @20 ppk solution (150 μL) equivalents to recommended dose 20 mg kg-1 through intramuscular route, while control birds were untreated. Treated chickens were slaughtered at an interval of 1, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 120 h. Different tissue samples including liver, kidney, thigh and chest muscles were collected and screened by ELISA (Cat No. 5091TC, Euro Proxima). Lowest detection limit (IC20) was calculated as 0.12 ng mL-1 and middle of the test (IC50) 0.5 ng mL-1 with recovery 75 to 86%. Reverse phase liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) method was also standardized by using range of standards from 25 to 200 μg kg-1. Calibration curve showed good response with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9727 and recovery 85 to 93%. Overall, withdrawal period (< MRL) in all tissue samples was calculated as 117 h (4.8 days) by ELISA while 128 h (5 days) by HPLC-UV. Both validated methods can be further utilized to generate reliable data for food safety measures in Pakistan to enhance international trade. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
四环素类药物通常用于牲畜治疗各种疾病。它们的残留量超过最大残留限量MRL（200μg kg-1）不仅会对人类造成健康危害，还会对动物造成健康危害。为此，采用酶联免疫吸附法和高效液相色谱法研究土霉素在肉鸡体内的分布和耗竭情况。关于这一点，在平均体重600±20 g的健康鸡上进行了一项实验。通过肌肉注射途径，用含有20 ppk脱水土霉素溶液（150μL）当量的推荐剂量20 mg kg-1的制剂（OXTRA L.A.）处理6只肉鸡，而对照鸡则未经处理。每隔1、8、16、32、64和120小时屠宰处理过的鸡。收集不同的组织样本，包括肝脏、肾脏、大腿和胸肌，并通过ELISA（Cat No.5091TC，Euro Proxima）进行筛选。最低检测限（IC20）计算为0.12 ng/mL-1，中间值（IC50）为0.5 ng/mL-1。回收率为75至86%。反相液相色谱法（HPLC-UV）也采用25至200μ。校准曲线显示出良好的响应，相关系数（R2）为0.9727，回收率为85-93%。总的来说，所有组织样本的停药期（
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Betaine on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Profile of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Calves 饲粮中添加甜菜碱对尼利-拉维水牛犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1885
Z. Hussain
This study aimed to determine the effect of betaine supplementation on production performance and blood biochemical parameters in calves. Sixty Nili-Ravi calves were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, which received a total mixed ration (TMR) without betaine and three experimental groups that received TMR blended with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% betaine for 8 weeks. Feed and water intake was recorded daily and production performance parameters were recorded on weekly basis. Blood samples were collected weekly and at the end of the experiment. The results showed that feeding betaine to calves increased dry matter intake, body weight gain and average daily gain (P < 0.001). Dietary addition of 0.6% betaine improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Plasma cortisol, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels were positively affected (P < 0.05) by betaine supplementation as compared to the control group; however, it caused HSP70 levels to decrease (P < 0.05). The results indicated that supplementing betaine to the diet of Nili-Ravi calves enhanced growth performance and improved their antioxidant status. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
本研究旨在确定添加甜菜碱对犊牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。将60头nli - ravi犊牛随机分为4组:对照组饲喂不含甜菜碱的全混合日粮(TMR)，试验组饲喂添加0.2、0.4和0.6%甜菜碱的TMR，试验期8周。每天记录采食量和饮水量，每周记录生产性能参数。每周和实验结束时采集血样。结果表明:饲喂甜菜碱提高了犊牛干物质采食量、增重和平均日增重(P < 0.001);饲粮中添加0.6%甜菜碱可提高饲料系数(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比，添加甜菜碱对血浆皮质醇、超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛水平有正影响(P < 0.05);HSP70水平明显降低(P < 0.05)。结果表明，饲粮中添加甜菜碱可提高nli - ravi犊牛的生长性能和抗氧化能力。©2021朋友科学出版社
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Growth and Drought Resistance in Seedlings of Acacia tortilis due to Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Bacillus subtilis 丛枝菌根真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌接种提高玉米Acacia幼苗生长和抗旱性
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1891
Abdelmalik M Abdelmalik
A shade house experiment was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the impact of a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) namely Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, a bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and their combinations on the growth and drought resistance potential of Acacia torilis seedlings under moderate and water deficit-stress. Thus, inoculants treatments (AMF, Bacillus subtilis, AMF+Bacillus, and control) and several watering intervals (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) were applied. Inoculation of AMF and Bacillus to A. tortilis seedlings found effective in terms of improved seedling growth. AMF and combined inoculation resulted in a larger shoot (shoot fresh and dry weights, seedling height, leaf number, leaf area) and root development (root fresh and dry weights, root length, root surface area, and root volume) as compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Single inoculants of B. subtilis, showed better improvement in 1- and 2-week watering intervals compared to the control. Inoculated seedlings showed lower proline accumulation than non-inoculated seedlings, and thus improved seedling resistance to water deficit-stress. Mycorrhizal and mixed inoculation enhanced the amount of chlorophyll in the seedling’s leaves. Furthermore, seedlings with AMF and co-inoculants showed better drought tolerance even at 3- and 4-week watering intervals. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
在沙特阿拉伯进行了一项遮荫室实验，以评估三种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的混合物，即Funneliformis mosseae、根内根霉（Rhizophagus intraradices）和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）Claroideoglomus etunicatum及其组合，以及它们的组合在中度和缺水胁迫下对金合欢幼苗生长和抗旱潜力的影响。因此，应用接种剂处理（AMF、枯草芽孢杆菌、AMF+芽孢杆菌和对照）和几个浇水间隔（1、2、3和4周）。将AMF和芽孢杆菌接种到玉米粉圆饼幼苗上对改善幼苗生长是有效的。与未接种的幼苗相比，AMF和联合接种导致更大的芽（芽鲜重和干重、苗高、叶数、叶面积）和根发育（根鲜重和干重、根长、根表面积和根体积）。与对照相比，枯草芽孢杆菌的单一接种物在1周和2周的浇水间隔内表现出更好的改善。接种后的幼苗脯氨酸积累量低于未接种的幼苗，从而提高了幼苗对缺水胁迫的抵抗力。菌根和混合接种提高了幼苗叶片中叶绿素的含量。此外，即使在3周和4周的浇水间隔期，AMF和共接种物的幼苗也表现出更好的耐旱性。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Investigations on Algerian Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis Essential Oils and Assessment of their Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities 阿尔及利亚圆叶薄荷和杨梅精油的化学研究及其杀虫和抗真菌活性评价
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1881
Ghozlene Aouadi
This work aimed to assess in vitro insecticidal and antifungal activities of Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis essential oils against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and three fungal species (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum acutatum). Oxygenated monoterpenes presented the dominant group with 72.94 and 58.92% respectively for M. rotundifolia and M. communis essential oils. M. rotundifolia and M. communis essential oils composition was dominated by 72.94 and 58.92% of oxygenated monoterpenes, respectively. The determined lethal concentrations of mentha essential oils against T. castaneum adults revealed high toxicity respectively for fumigant and contact tests, LC50 = 0.113 μL cm-2 and LC50 = 32.71 μL L-1 air. However, common myrtle oil showed a weak fumigant activity (LC50 = 357.67 μL L-1 air) and no contact toxicity. Furthermore, M. rotundifolia essential oil showed a marked antifungal toxicity against all the fungal strains. The mycelial growth of the three fungal strains was completely inhibited at the concentrations of 0.33 μL L-1 by contact application and 8, 10 and 12 μL by fumigant application. M. communis essential oil displayed only a contact antifungal toxicity against B. cinerea at the concentration 21.33 μL L-1. Additionally, M. rotundifolia completely inhibited conidial germination of B. cinerea and F. solani, and significantly affected their morphology, with morphological modifications at the rate of 92.94 and 51.11% respectively. In light of in vitro tests results, the mentha essential oil appeared to be an excellent source of antifungal and insecticidal components and will allow the potential development of this species in the biological control of several pests and fungal diseases. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
本研究旨在评估圆叶薄荷和杨梅精油对红粉甲虫（Tribolium castaneum）和三种真菌（灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、龙葵镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）和尖孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum acutatum））的体外杀虫和抗真菌活性。圆叶M.rotundifolia和M.commons精油中，含氧单萜类占优势，分别为72.94%和58.92%。圆叶M.rotundifolia和M.commons精油成分分别以72.94%和58.92%的含氧单萜为主。所测定的薄荷脑精油对赤兔成虫的致死浓度在熏蒸和接触试验中分别显示出高毒性，LC50=0.113μL cm-2和LC50=32.71μL L-1空气。而普通桃金娘油的熏蒸活性较弱（LC50=357.67μL L-1空气），无接触毒性。此外，圆叶M.rotundifolia精油对所有真菌菌株都表现出显著的抗真菌毒性。接触施用浓度为0.33μL-1，熏蒸剂施用浓度为8、10和12μL时，三株真菌的菌丝生长均受到完全抑制。浓度为21.33μ。此外，圆叶M.rotundifolia完全抑制了B.cinerea和F.solani的分生孢子萌发，并显著影响了它们的形态，形态修饰率分别为92.94%和51.11%。根据体外测试结果，薄荷精油似乎是抗真菌和杀虫成分的良好来源，并将使该物种在生物控制几种害虫和真菌疾病方面具有潜在的发展潜力。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 1
Heterologous Expression of chi42 Gene from Trichoderma asperellum in Bacillus subtilis 木霉chi42基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的异源表达
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1883
Nguyen Hoang Tue
Chitinase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls. This enzyme has the potential to be applied against certain phytopathogenic fungi for fruit preservation. Therefore, this study aimed to produce the extracellular 42 kDa chitinase of T. asperellum SH16 in B. subtilis BD170 (rCHI42) and evaluate preliminary its antifungal activity as the basis for further applications. The results showed that the chitinase activity of rCHI42 peaked at 27 U/mL after 8 h of Bacillus induction with 4 mM IPTG. The investigation revealed that rCHI42 had the optimum pH and temperature of 7 and 45°C, the pH and thermal stability were in the range of 6–8 and 25–35°C, respectively. Some metal ions (Fe2+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mn2+) increased the relative activity of rCHI42 from 109 to 148%, while the enzyme was inhibited by most of the tested reagents (SDS, EDTA, urea, Triton X-100, and DMSO). rCHI42 also exhibited antifungal ability against phytopathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger which contains chitin in its cell wall. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
几丁质酶是一种水解真菌细胞壁主要成分几丁质的酶。这种酶有潜力应用于某些植物病原真菌的果实保鲜。因此，本研究旨在在枯草芽孢杆菌BD170中产生T.asperellum SH16的胞外42kDa几丁质酶（rCHI42），并初步评价其抗真菌活性，为进一步应用奠定基础。结果表明，在用4mM IPTG诱导芽孢杆菌8h后，rCHI42的几丁质酶活性在27U/mL处达到峰值。研究表明，rCHI42的最适pH和温度分别为7和45°C，pH和热稳定性分别在6–8和25–35°C范围内。一些金属离子（Fe2+、Al3+、Ca2+和Mn2+）将rCHI42的相对活性从109%提高到148%，而大多数测试试剂（SDS、EDTA、尿素、Triton X-100和DMSO）都能抑制该酶。rCHI42对细胞壁中含有几丁质的植物病原真菌黑曲霉也表现出抗真菌能力。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 0
Volatile Organic Compounds of some Antagonists against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a Pathogen of Coconut 椰子致病菌可可枯病几种拮抗剂挥发性有机物的研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1889
Appusami Sudha
Biocontrol agents are the potential microbes and used for the control of aerial and soil-borne pathogens present in all crops. An attempt was made on identification, morphological and molecular characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a pathogen causing disease in nuts and leaves of coconut. A virulent isolate Lasiodiplodia theobromae L26 was selected based on the growth parameters and pycnidiospore production. Three efficient biocontrol agents (BCAs) namely Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces rochei, were selected for in vitro studies. Among these, T. asperellum showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) in dual culture assay against L26. The inhibition was also confirmed in light microscopic observation, the mycelium of L26 was distorted, lysis of cell wall during the interaction. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from BCAs inhibited the fungal growth of L26 by 59.61–47.03% in sealed plate method. Solid-phase microextraction GC-MS analysis revealed numerous new VOCs compounds emitted from the BCAs, whereas the dominant compound was identified as peptaibols, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-piperidinone. The strength of peaks of these compounds augmented during the interaction of BCAs with L26, the peak intensity for terpenoids was the predominant class, followed by phenols and heterocyclic organic compound. Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagonist tested through agar well method against L26 and showed a complete inhibition. This study demonstrated the ability of BCAs to produce volatile and nonvolatile antifungal compounds, showing that there could a major mechanism involved in and that will be responsible for the successful inhibition of L26 under in vitro. In future combination of these three strains as commercial formulation may be a better management practices for leaf blight and malformation of nuts in coconut. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
生物防治剂是潜在的微生物，用于控制所有作物中存在的空气和土壤传播的病原体。对引起椰子坚果和叶片病害的Lasiodiplodia theobromae进行了鉴定、形态和分子鉴定。根据病原菌的生长参数和产孢量筛选出一株强毒分离株。以曲霉木霉、枯草芽孢杆菌和罗氏链霉菌3种高效防菌剂进行体外研究。其中，曲霉对L26的抑制率最高(81%)。光镜观察也证实了这种抑制作用，L26在相互作用过程中菌丝扭曲，细胞壁裂解。封板法测定，bca排放的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)对L26真菌生长的抑制作用为59.61 ~ 47.03%。固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱分析显示，bca释放出许多新的挥发性有机化合物，而主要化合物被鉴定为肽基化合物，2,4-二叔丁基苯酚，2-胡椒吡啶酮。这些化合物的峰强度在与L26相互作用过程中增强，其中萜类化合物的峰强度最强，其次是酚类化合物和杂环有机化合物。琼脂孔法测定各拮抗剂对L26的粗代谢物(75 μL)，均表现出完全抑制作用。本研究证明了bcaa能够产生挥发性和非挥发性抗真菌化合物，表明在体外成功抑制L26可能有一个主要的机制。今后将这3个品系组合作为商品配方可能是防治椰子叶枯病和坚果畸形的较好方法。©2021朋友科学出版社
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引用次数: 1
Responses of Tomato to Rhizoctonia solani Infection under the Salinity Stress 盐胁迫下番茄对茄根丝核菌侵染的响应
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1886
Angham A Mustafa
Ten isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhen were obtained from the roots and crown of different cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The phenotypic and microscopic characteristics of these isolates were examined. The pathogenicity of each isolate to tomato seedlings was evaluated via a pot experiment. Results showed that the isolates had varying pathogenicity. Ten isolates were identified, four of which exhibited severe pathogenicity. The effects of three salinity levels (2, 6 and 12 dS m-1 NaCl) on fungal growth, and the effects of the interaction between pathogenicity and these salinity levels on the germination indicators, phenotypic growth and biochemical characteristics of three varieties of tomato, namely, Salimah, Bushra and Yassamen both in the field and the laboratory were assessed. The combined stress of the pathogenic fungus R. solani with the increase in NaCl concentration had a stronger pathogenicity to the tomato plant than individual stress alone. As a result, the germination indicators and all phenotypic traits of the plants substantially decreased. As salt concentration increased, the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll decreased. By contrast, the contents of carotenoids and anthocyanins increased and those of carbohydrates and proline in the leaves considerably increased. Analysis of the interactions between the R. solani treatments and the salinity levels revealed a strong correlation between the salinity levels and H2O2 accumulation. Our findings proved that the pathological effect of R. solani was observed to be more significant on tomato varieties under salinity treatments. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
从不同番茄品种（Solanum lycopersicum L.）的根和冠上分离得到10株茄枯丝核菌，并对其表型和显微特征进行了研究。通过盆栽试验评价了各分离株对番茄幼苗的致病性。结果表明，分离株具有不同的致病性。鉴定出10个分离株，其中4个表现出严重的致病性。在田间和实验室评估了3种盐度水平（2、6和12dSm-1 NaCl）对真菌生长的影响，以及致病性和盐度水平之间的相互作用对Salimah、Bushra和Yassamen三个番茄品种发芽指标、表型生长和生化特性的影响。随着NaCl浓度的增加，病原真菌R.solani的联合胁迫对番茄植株的致病性比单独胁迫更强。结果，植物的发芽指标和所有表型特征显著降低。随着盐浓度的增加，叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量下降。相反，叶片中类胡萝卜素和花青素的含量增加，碳水化合物和脯氨酸的含量显著增加。对龙葵处理与盐度水平之间的相互作用的分析表明，盐度水平与H2O2积累之间存在很强的相关性。我们的研究结果证明，在盐度处理下，龙葵对番茄品种的病理影响更为显著。©2021 Friends Science出版社
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引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic Analysis of Endemic Fish from the Maros Karst Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 印度尼西亚南苏拉威西马罗斯喀斯特地区特有鱼类的系统发育分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1880
S. A. Andy Omar
The Maros Karst is known for having a unique geomorphological structure with a diversity of endemic flora and fauna. The hydrology of this karst area is generally dominated by underground rivers with various freshwater ecosystems, which are generally dominated by endemic fish typical to Sulawesi. This study aims at identifying endemic fish of Maros Karst rivers using morphological and phylogenetic analysis as the baseline for further endemic fish conservation. Morphological analysis was done by comparing fish samples’ morphological characteristics with those from fish taxonomy references. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis with the target gene Cytochrome C oxidase 1 (CO1). The results showed there are five endemic fish species from four families and three orders from the Maros Karst area with a genetic distance value between 0.0 to 0.275. These species make particular adaptations both morphologically and genetically to the karst ecosystem. However, it is necessary to understand the evolution of these fishes to establish effective conservation measures. Therefore, it is necessary to have a management strategy to ensure the sustainability of endemic fish populations and as well as the sustainability of the karst ecosystem as a whole. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
马罗斯喀斯特以其独特的地貌结构和多样性的特有动植物而闻名。喀斯特地区的水文以地下河为主，具有各种淡水生态系统，以苏拉威西特有的鱼类为主。本研究旨在通过形态学和系统发育分析鉴定马罗斯喀斯特河流特有鱼类，为进一步保护特有鱼类提供基础。形态学分析是通过与鱼类分类学文献的形态学特征进行比较。采用靶基因细胞色素C氧化酶1 (Cytochrome C oxidase 1, CO1)的线粒体DNA (mtDNA)分析进行系统发育分析。结果表明，马罗斯喀斯特地区共有3目4科5种特有种，遗传距离在0.0 ~ 0.275之间。这些物种在形态和遗传上都对喀斯特生态系统做出了特殊的适应。然而，有必要了解这些鱼类的进化，以制定有效的保护措施。因此，有必要制定一个管理策略，以确保喀斯特特有鱼类种群的可持续性，以及整个喀斯特生态系统的可持续性。©2021朋友科学出版社
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引用次数: 0
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