Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).002
M. F. Zulkornain, Nur Adilah Mohd Rawian, Hesam Neshaeimoghaddam, A. Shamsuddin, J. Saad, A. A. Rahman, S. Samsuri, F. H. Naning
Biomass can partly replace or reduce coal consumption in power generation, hence reducing the agricultural waste disposal issues and environmental pollution generated by fossil fuel emissions. Pelletization is among the techniques for utilizing biomass and has the advantage of being low cost and easy handling. In this research, broken rice was used as an organic binder at 5%, 10% and 15% and three different moistures (14%, 17% and 20%) were applied for rice husk and rice straw-based pellet, and the evaluation of pellet durability has been conducted. The results show that the addition of broken rice as a pellet binder significantly improves biomass pellet durability. The highest durability of rice husk-based pellet achieved was 99.4% with the binder addition of only 10%. For rice straw-based pellet, the binder percentage is directly proportional to pellet durability up to 15% of binder addition. The result shows a similar trend for the effect of moisture on pellet durability. For rice husk-based pellet, the optimal moisture addition is 17%, while for rice straw-based pellet, the durability increased as the moisture increased with the highest durability of 98.9% at 20% moisture addition. Rice straw requires more binder and moisture to enhance the pellet durability because raw rice straw contains less natural lignin and cellulose content than rice husk.
{"title":"Influence of organic binder and moisture content on the durability of rice husk and rice straw-based pellets","authors":"M. F. Zulkornain, Nur Adilah Mohd Rawian, Hesam Neshaeimoghaddam, A. Shamsuddin, J. Saad, A. A. Rahman, S. Samsuri, F. H. Naning","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).002","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass can partly replace or reduce coal consumption in power generation, hence reducing the agricultural waste disposal issues and environmental pollution generated by fossil fuel emissions. Pelletization is among the techniques for utilizing biomass and has the advantage of being low cost and easy handling. In this research, broken rice was used as an organic binder at 5%, 10% and 15% and three different moistures (14%, 17% and 20%) were applied for rice husk and rice straw-based pellet, and the evaluation of pellet durability has been conducted. The results show that the addition of broken rice as a pellet binder significantly improves biomass pellet durability. The highest durability of rice husk-based pellet achieved was 99.4% with the binder addition of only 10%. For rice straw-based pellet, the binder percentage is directly proportional to pellet durability up to 15% of binder addition. The result shows a similar trend for the effect of moisture on pellet durability. For rice husk-based pellet, the optimal moisture addition is 17%, while for rice straw-based pellet, the durability increased as the moisture increased with the highest durability of 98.9% at 20% moisture addition. Rice straw requires more binder and moisture to enhance the pellet durability because raw rice straw contains less natural lignin and cellulose content than rice husk.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84821643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202203_19(1).003
P. Thangapandian
{"title":"Design and analysis of exhaust manifold for multi-cylinder diesel engine with monolith catalytic converter using CFD","authors":"P. Thangapandian","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202203_19(1).003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202203_19(1).003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85747862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radioactivity levels in salt pans from the Erongo region of Namibia have been investigated. Ten composite salt samples, collected from salt pans of the Walvis Bay lagoon were analyzed for activity concentrations of 2226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K. This was done using a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations in (Bq.kg -1 ) of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were found to be 2.17 ± 0.19, 0.20 ± 0.02 and 2.28 ± 0.39, respectively. These activity concentrations were used to calculate the annual effective dose and radiological health risk from the ingestion of salt for the different age groups. The average annual effective dose in (μSv/yr) for the age ranges (2-7 years), (7-12 years), (12-17 years) and ≥ 17 years were found to be 2.67 ± 0.22, 3.33 ± 0.28, 6.08 ± 0.53 and 1.22 ± 0.10, respectively. All these were lower than the worldwide average of 0.29 mSv/yr as reported by UNSCEAR in 2000. The total average radiological risk (unitless x 10 -8 ) for the age ranges (2-7 years), (7-12 years), (12-17 years) and ≥ 17 years were found to be 30.15 ± 2.48, 60.30 ± 4.96, 89.8 ± 7.44 and 422.09 ± 34.75, respectively. All these were lower than the recommended limit of between 1x10 -6 to 1x10 -4 as reported by USEPA in 1991. Therefore, the results from this study indicated that the salt samples do not pose a radiological risk to members of the public.
{"title":"Annual effective dose and radiological risk assessment from selected salt pans from the lagoon of Erongo region, Namibia.","authors":"Onjefu Sylvanus Ameh, Hamukotoh Tuwilika, C. Kamunda, Abah James, Hitila Markus, Jeya Kennedy","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202112_19(1).009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202112_19(1).009","url":null,"abstract":"Radioactivity levels in salt pans from the Erongo region of Namibia have been investigated. Ten composite salt samples, collected from salt pans of the Walvis Bay lagoon were analyzed for activity concentrations of 2226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K. This was done using a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations in (Bq.kg -1 ) of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were found to be 2.17 ± 0.19, 0.20 ± 0.02 and 2.28 ± 0.39, respectively. These activity concentrations were used to calculate the annual effective dose and radiological health risk from the ingestion of salt for the different age groups. The average annual effective dose in (μSv/yr) for the age ranges (2-7 years), (7-12 years), (12-17 years) and ≥ 17 years were found to be 2.67 ± 0.22, 3.33 ± 0.28, 6.08 ± 0.53 and 1.22 ± 0.10, respectively. All these were lower than the worldwide average of 0.29 mSv/yr as reported by UNSCEAR in 2000. The total average radiological risk (unitless x 10 -8 ) for the age ranges (2-7 years), (7-12 years), (12-17 years) and ≥ 17 years were found to be 30.15 ± 2.48, 60.30 ± 4.96, 89.8 ± 7.44 and 422.09 ± 34.75, respectively. All these were lower than the recommended limit of between 1x10 -6 to 1x10 -4 as reported by USEPA in 1991. Therefore, the results from this study indicated that the salt samples do not pose a radiological risk to members of the public.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86144888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).007
Haqqyana Haqqyana, A. Altway, M. Mahfud
C ymbopogon nardus , known as a native plant to the subtropical and tropical areas, is widely cultivated and utilized for food flavoring and pharmaceutical purposes. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) was preferred as a greener method to extract essential oils. Kinetics of essential oil extraction from Cymbopogon nardus leaves were observed under different values of microwave irradiation power at atmospheric pressure. This method facilitated a high yield of citronella oil (3.68%– 3.79%) at reduced time. Kinetic investigation of citronella oil extraction process was simulated using mathematic formulation such as pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. Results indicated that the studied models provided moderate fit for the experimental data, whereas the latter of the two kinetic models demonstrated better general fit, especially at low power levels. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of the citronella oil showed that the main compounds identified were geraniol and methyl isoeugenol. Other active compounds such as citronellal and β -citronellol were also present in considerable amount. These results suggested that the MHD method could be a prominent alternative to obtain essential oils in higher yields and deliver valuable chemical constituents upon shorter extraction time, compared to its conventional alternatives.
{"title":"Kinetic modeling for microwave-assisted green extraction: Effects of power on citronella oil from Cymbopogon nardus leaf","authors":"Haqqyana Haqqyana, A. Altway, M. Mahfud","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).007","url":null,"abstract":"C ymbopogon nardus , known as a native plant to the subtropical and tropical areas, is widely cultivated and utilized for food flavoring and pharmaceutical purposes. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD) was preferred as a greener method to extract essential oils. Kinetics of essential oil extraction from Cymbopogon nardus leaves were observed under different values of microwave irradiation power at atmospheric pressure. This method facilitated a high yield of citronella oil (3.68%– 3.79%) at reduced time. Kinetic investigation of citronella oil extraction process was simulated using mathematic formulation such as pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models. Results indicated that the studied models provided moderate fit for the experimental data, whereas the latter of the two kinetic models demonstrated better general fit, especially at low power levels. Moreover, GC-MS analysis of the citronella oil showed that the main compounds identified were geraniol and methyl isoeugenol. Other active compounds such as citronellal and β -citronellol were also present in considerable amount. These results suggested that the MHD method could be a prominent alternative to obtain essential oils in higher yields and deliver valuable chemical constituents upon shorter extraction time, compared to its conventional alternatives.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75105872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).008
Aneke Frank Ikechukwu, A. Naghizadeh
{"title":"Conversion of auxiliary wastes for production of masonry bricks: towards conservation of natural clay","authors":"Aneke Frank Ikechukwu, A. Naghizadeh","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90147033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).003
Dharam Pal Kashyap, Sachit Vardhan, M. Dogra, Rupinder Singh
{"title":"Exploration of Ti6Al4V surface grinding under dry and MQL environments","authors":"Dharam Pal Kashyap, Sachit Vardhan, M. Dogra, Rupinder Singh","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86916908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).002
Shian Hu, Y. Tsai, S. Kao, Fu-Min Chang
{"title":"Using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-ii for charging station deployment in wireless rechargeable sensor networks","authors":"Shian Hu, Y. Tsai, S. Kao, Fu-Min Chang","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202206_19(2).002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73427595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202209_19(3).004
M. Udo, S. Afolalu, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, P. Babalola, V. Obasa, Oluseyum Akpalikpo
Polymers are very interesting and useful materials that have many applications in various areas of engineering. Composites formed with these materials are known to exhibit outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this work, a polymer, epoxy resin, was reinforced with a biodegradable material, periwinkle shell (PWS) particles, using the hand lay-up method. The PWS was pulverized using a ball mill and three sieve sizes of the PWS (75, 150, and 300 µm) were sieved out. Various samples of the composite were produced by reinforcing the epoxy resin matrix with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% of each of the PWS particle sieve sizes. The samples so formed were subjected to the following mechanical tests: hardness, tensile, compressive, and impact tests. It was found out that the samples of composites showed higher values of the parameters tested for than ordinary epoxy resin showed. In the samples of composites, it was found that the samples with a higher weight percentage of the PWS reinforcement recorded higher values of those mechanical properties tested for. The higher the weight percentage of the PWS in the composite, the greater the value of the mechanical property tested for.
{"title":"Effect of particle size and weight percentage variation on the mechanical properties of periwinkle shell reinforced polymer (epoxy resin) matrix composite","authors":"M. Udo, S. Afolalu, Omolayo M. Ikumapayi, P. Babalola, V. Obasa, Oluseyum Akpalikpo","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202209_19(3).004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202209_19(3).004","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers are very interesting and useful materials that have many applications in various areas of engineering. Composites formed with these materials are known to exhibit outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this work, a polymer, epoxy resin, was reinforced with a biodegradable material, periwinkle shell (PWS) particles, using the hand lay-up method. The PWS was pulverized using a ball mill and three sieve sizes of the PWS (75, 150, and 300 µm) were sieved out. Various samples of the composite were produced by reinforcing the epoxy resin matrix with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% of each of the PWS particle sieve sizes. The samples so formed were subjected to the following mechanical tests: hardness, tensile, compressive, and impact tests. It was found out that the samples of composites showed higher values of the parameters tested for than ordinary epoxy resin showed. In the samples of composites, it was found that the samples with a higher weight percentage of the PWS reinforcement recorded higher values of those mechanical properties tested for. The higher the weight percentage of the PWS in the composite, the greater the value of the mechanical property tested for.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89431685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).006
Nadire Özenver, D. Agrawal
Cannabis or marijuana ( Cannabis sativa ) contains more than one hundred chemical compounds. Of these, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most common chemicals. THC is the chemical that gives a “high” and has various psychoactive characteristics. Cannabidiol, on the other hand, has no intoxicating qualities yet provides all the medical benefits, such as relief from anxiety, depression, insomnia, cancer, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. In the present article, CBD oil extraction techniques, the mechanism of action of cannabinoids, and the role of CBD in relief from pain, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy have been reviewed.
{"title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) for relief from pain, anxiety, and epilepsy: A review","authors":"Nadire Özenver, D. Agrawal","doi":"10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6703/ijase.202212_19(4).006","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis or marijuana ( Cannabis sativa ) contains more than one hundred chemical compounds. Of these, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most common chemicals. THC is the chemical that gives a “high” and has various psychoactive characteristics. Cannabidiol, on the other hand, has no intoxicating qualities yet provides all the medical benefits, such as relief from anxiety, depression, insomnia, cancer, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. In the present article, CBD oil extraction techniques, the mechanism of action of cannabinoids, and the role of CBD in relief from pain, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy have been reviewed.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75689414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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