Donny Ridwan Prihadi, Ronggo Ridwan Prihadi, S. H. Pranolo, J. Waluyo, Firman Asto Putro
PT. Badak NGL is a commercial LNG producer located in Bontang, Indonesia. In recent years, the decline in LNG production of PT. Badak NGL results in a lower hydrocarbon condensate flow rate. To prevent power losses since its pump operated at below rating, a new operation scheme was proposed. This new scheme adjusts the way of pump is operated without any alteration in terms of pump characteristics. Three pumps operated intermittently for 8 hours per day at a maximum flow rate. The pump power consumption was calculated based on electric current data monitored relay panel. The results show that the pump energy saved by 60% with the absolute value of annual energy efficiency of 957.7 MWh. This study contributes to reducing the greenhouse effect by 412 tons eq CO and the annual production cost of around USD 130,000. The new scheme reliability examines by evaluating pump vibration, pump performance, hydrocarbon condensate quality, and condensate tank liquid level. The result shows that the pump’s vibration in the range of 0.21 in/sec with a steady winding temperature.
PT. Badak NGL是一家位于印度尼西亚Bontang的商业液化天然气生产商。近年来，PT. Badak NGL的液化天然气产量下降，导致凝析油流量下降。为防止泵在低于额定功率下运行造成的功率损失，提出了一种新的运行方案。新方案在不改变泵特性的前提下，调整了泵的运行方式。三台泵每天以最大流量间歇运行8小时。根据继电器面板监测到的电流数据，计算泵的功耗。结果表明，泵节能60%，年能效绝对值为957.7 MWh。本研究有助于减少温室效应412吨当量CO，年生产成本约13万美元。通过对泵的振动、泵的性能、凝析油质量、凝析油罐液位等进行可靠性检验。结果表明，泵的振动在0.21 in/sec范围内，绕组温度稳定。
{"title":"Optimization of Condensate Transfer Pump in the Hydrocarbon Condensate Stabilization Unit of Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant – An Industrial Case","authors":"Donny Ridwan Prihadi, Ronggo Ridwan Prihadi, S. H. Pranolo, J. Waluyo, Firman Asto Putro","doi":"10.30560/ijas.v5n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v5n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"PT. Badak NGL is a commercial LNG producer located in Bontang, Indonesia. In recent years, the decline in LNG production of PT. Badak NGL results in a lower hydrocarbon condensate flow rate. To prevent power losses since its pump operated at below rating, a new operation scheme was proposed. This new scheme adjusts the way of pump is operated without any alteration in terms of pump characteristics. Three pumps operated intermittently for 8 hours per day at a maximum flow rate. The pump power consumption was calculated based on electric current data monitored relay panel. The results show that the pump energy saved by 60% with the absolute value of annual energy efficiency of 957.7 MWh. This study contributes to reducing the greenhouse effect by 412 tons eq CO and the annual production cost of around USD 130,000. The new scheme reliability examines by evaluating pump vibration, pump performance, hydrocarbon condensate quality, and condensate tank liquid level. The result shows that the pump’s vibration in the range of 0.21 in/sec with a steady winding temperature.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluid flow rate on the effectiveness of radiator performance by using nanofluid consisting of a mixture of raw water with nano silica (SiO2) particles. The research was initiated by testing the silica material morphologically using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with the aim of knowing its microstructure. Next, mix the silica nanoparticles (SiO2) with water using a ratio of 0.5%, processed using a magnetic stirrer for 8 hours and precipitated for 24 hours. After being separated from the sediment, the nanofluid was tested for performance using a series of cooling system performance test equipment. A series of test equipment consisting of a radiator, flowmeter, water pump, pipe installation, heater and reservoir tank. Research data collection was carried out at the inlet and outlet temperatures as well as the radiator wall. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity of 2.5, 4.5, and 6 LPM were carried out. The results showed that the decrease in temperature with the use of a fluid flow rate of 6 LPM was able to dissipate heat well to the environment. The decrease in temperature that occurs is 2.5%. Meanwhile, the lowest average radiator effectiveness value at the lowest speed of 6 LPM is 0.905, the highest at a fluid flow rate of 4.5 is 0.930.
{"title":"Investigation of Silica (SiO2) Nano Materials for Increasing Performance of Vehicle Radiator Cooling Systems","authors":"Arif Surono, Wachid Yahya, Adnan Nur Avif","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4054","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluid flow rate on the effectiveness of radiator performance by using nanofluid consisting of a mixture of raw water with nano silica (SiO2) particles. The research was initiated by testing the silica material morphologically using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with the aim of knowing its microstructure. Next, mix the silica nanoparticles (SiO2) with water using a ratio of 0.5%, processed using a magnetic stirrer for 8 hours and precipitated for 24 hours. After being separated from the sediment, the nanofluid was tested for performance using a series of cooling system performance test equipment. A series of test equipment consisting of a radiator, flowmeter, water pump, pipe installation, heater and reservoir tank. Research data collection was carried out at the inlet and outlet temperatures as well as the radiator wall. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity of 2.5, 4.5, and 6 LPM were carried out. The results showed that the decrease in temperature with the use of a fluid flow rate of 6 LPM was able to dissipate heat well to the environment. The decrease in temperature that occurs is 2.5%. Meanwhile, the lowest average radiator effectiveness value at the lowest speed of 6 LPM is 0.905, the highest at a fluid flow rate of 4.5 is 0.930.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86274102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indra Pertama Putra, I. Ifat, K. Saptaji, Aditiya Harjon, Yheni Mulyaningsih
The unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic has altered the way educational institutions operate, including Sampoerna University. Distanced learning has been commonly implemented since then. Not only for taught classes but laboratories or practical activities, such as Mechanics of Materials and Machine Shop have also been organized virtually for the undergraduate student in the mechanical engineering study program. Two stages of activities were carried out during the conduct, namely the (1) preparatory stage, where all the teaching materials in the form of videos were prepared, and (2) virtual lab. At the end of the semester, the participating students were asked to fill out a questionnaire to evaluate the entire practicum process. The results revealed that, according to students, teaching and learning activities performed in such a way are quite effective and satisfying. Regardless, based on the survey result, the students expect to have practical activities conducted in person to gain hands-on experience.
{"title":"The Implementation of Online Practicum Classes During the Covid-19 Pandemic at Sampoerna University","authors":"Indra Pertama Putra, I. Ifat, K. Saptaji, Aditiya Harjon, Yheni Mulyaningsih","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4071","url":null,"abstract":"The unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic has altered the way educational institutions operate, including Sampoerna University. Distanced learning has been commonly implemented since then. Not only for taught classes but laboratories or practical activities, such as Mechanics of Materials and Machine Shop have also been organized virtually for the undergraduate student in the mechanical engineering study program. Two stages of activities were carried out during the conduct, namely the (1) preparatory stage, where all the teaching materials in the form of videos were prepared, and (2) virtual lab. At the end of the semester, the participating students were asked to fill out a questionnaire to evaluate the entire practicum process. The results revealed that, according to students, teaching and learning activities performed in such a way are quite effective and satisfying. Regardless, based on the survey result, the students expect to have practical activities conducted in person to gain hands-on experience.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79513862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Central Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that relies on the agricultural sector. The agricultural centre in the province is located in Cilacap regency. In order to improve agricultural products, adequate facilities and infrastructure are required, one of which is the Jepara Secondary Channel. Channels on the Secondary Channel Jepara majority is no longer worth using. So much agricultural land is less maximal in water utilization. On the Jepara secondary channel, there is no similar cross-section of channels; some use a cross-section of soil, stone, and concrete, and there is cross-sectional damage. In connection with the problem, a cross-sectional planning analysis of secondary channels needs to be conducted. Consider effective rainfall analysis, irrigation needs analysis, and open hydraulic analysis. The results obtained from the analysis should indicate that the discharge flowed by the existing channel (Qs) must be greater than or equal to the planned discharge (Q0). Based on the results, two channels cannot accommodate the discharge of water needs (Q0), namely in section 1 and section 6, so it needs to be redesigned. However, by analyzing cross sections along channels with a varied cross-section shapes. Then planned design for all fields by using alternative four. This is because using a cross-sectional combination of trapezoid and u-ditch 70x80 cm can shorten working time and make construction costs more affordable.
{"title":"Analysis of the Cross Section Planning of Jepara’s Secondary Channels in Serayu Irrigation Area of Sumpiuh Irrigation Channels Cilacap Central Java","authors":"Prima Safitri Ayundaningtyas, A. Halim, R. Riman","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4039","url":null,"abstract":"Central Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that relies on the agricultural sector. The agricultural centre in the province is located in Cilacap regency. In order to improve agricultural products, adequate facilities and infrastructure are required, one of which is the Jepara Secondary Channel. Channels on the Secondary Channel Jepara majority is no longer worth using. So much agricultural land is less maximal in water utilization. On the Jepara secondary channel, there is no similar cross-section of channels; some use a cross-section of soil, stone, and concrete, and there is cross-sectional damage. In connection with the problem, a cross-sectional planning analysis of secondary channels needs to be conducted. Consider effective rainfall analysis, irrigation needs analysis, and open hydraulic analysis. The results obtained from the analysis should indicate that the discharge flowed by the existing channel (Qs) must be greater than or equal to the planned discharge (Q0). Based on the results, two channels cannot accommodate the discharge of water needs (Q0), namely in section 1 and section 6, so it needs to be redesigned. However, by analyzing cross sections along channels with a varied cross-section shapes. Then planned design for all fields by using alternative four. This is because using a cross-sectional combination of trapezoid and u-ditch 70x80 cm can shorten working time and make construction costs more affordable.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73216120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yudiyanto, Ridho Surya Setiabudi, A. Hardjito, S. Adiwidodo, Bayu Pranoto
This research used the Peltier element as a car cabin cooler. This research aimed to compare the results of the lowest temperature produced by the Peltier element on the hot side. The design of this monitoring tool consists of LM35 as a temperature sensor and an electric velocity sensor to measure the velocity of the cooling fluid. Arduino Uno Microcontroller to control the system before being displayed to the LCD. The type of research used in this research is experimental research. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity and type of cooling fluid were carried out. The fluid used is a mixture of water and water coolant with a ratio of 50%:50%. The results showed that the circulation of fluid cooling influences the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier. In cooling using water fluid, when the water pump rotates 4.5 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 36ᵒC. At the time of rotation of 13 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 32ᵒC. The difference between cooling using water fluid, water coolant, or a mixture of water and water coolant greatly affects the temperature produced on the cold side of the Peltier. In cooling using water, the lowest temperature produced reaches 8ᵒC. When the cooling using a fluid coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 6ᵒC. While cooling using a mixture of water and coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 3ᵒC. So it can be concluded that cooling using a mixture of water and water coolant is very effective compared to other fluid coolers.
{"title":"Effect of Velocity and Type of Cooling Fluid on Peltier Heat Transfer for Car Cabin Cooling Applications","authors":"E. Yudiyanto, Ridho Surya Setiabudi, A. Hardjito, S. Adiwidodo, Bayu Pranoto","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4036","url":null,"abstract":"This research used the Peltier element as a car cabin cooler. This research aimed to compare the results of the lowest temperature produced by the Peltier element on the hot side. The design of this monitoring tool consists of LM35 as a temperature sensor and an electric velocity sensor to measure the velocity of the cooling fluid. Arduino Uno Microcontroller to control the system before being displayed to the LCD. The type of research used in this research is experimental research. In this study, variations in fluid flow velocity and type of cooling fluid were carried out. The fluid used is a mixture of water and water coolant with a ratio of 50%:50%. The results showed that the circulation of fluid cooling influences the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier. In cooling using water fluid, when the water pump rotates 4.5 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 36ᵒC. At the time of rotation of 13 liters/second, the temperature on the hot side of the Peltier is 32ᵒC. The difference between cooling using water fluid, water coolant, or a mixture of water and water coolant greatly affects the temperature produced on the cold side of the Peltier. In cooling using water, the lowest temperature produced reaches 8ᵒC. When the cooling using a fluid coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 6ᵒC. While cooling using a mixture of water and coolant, the lowest temperature reaches 3ᵒC. So it can be concluded that cooling using a mixture of water and water coolant is very effective compared to other fluid coolers.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74457753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioethanol is an alternative fuel to substitute fossil oil. Bioethanol has several advantages in its use as a fuel in addition to its renewable nature, and bioethanol is also believed to reduce some motor vehicle emissions. The purpose and objective of this study were to determine the effect of a mixture of Bioethanol and Pertamax on gas emissions in a 4-stroke motor with variations in the fuel mixture and engine cycle. This test method is carried out with the measurement parameters of CO, HC, CO2, and O2. Tests on motor vehicles were carried out with variations of BP0 (0% Bioethanol) to BP100 (100% Bioethanol). The test results using a gas analyzer and analyzed using excel show that bioethanol cannot reduce exhaust gas emissions. Adding bioethanol fuel to Pertamax can also increase the fuel's octane number (RON) and specific gravity. From the available data, adding bioethanol can reduce HC emission levels by up to 4ppm at BP50 at 6000 rpm, increasing CO2 emissions by 13.4% at BP50 at 7000 rpm with a compression ratio of 13:1. For the lowest O2 emission level, it reaches 0.13%. at BP40 at 5000 rpm. CO emission levels are still relatively small in various mixtures with a yield of 0.01%, but at BP0 and BP80 at 13:1 compression, emissions tend to increase every rpm.
{"title":"The Effect of Bioethanol and Pertamax Mixtures on Exhaust Gas Emissions from a 4-Stroke Engine in Motorcycle Matic","authors":"L. Listiyono, Muhammad Afif Bahrain, E. Yudiyanto","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4037","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol is an alternative fuel to substitute fossil oil. Bioethanol has several advantages in its use as a fuel in addition to its renewable nature, and bioethanol is also believed to reduce some motor vehicle emissions. The purpose and objective of this study were to determine the effect of a mixture of Bioethanol and Pertamax on gas emissions in a 4-stroke motor with variations in the fuel mixture and engine cycle. This test method is carried out with the measurement parameters of CO, HC, CO2, and O2. Tests on motor vehicles were carried out with variations of BP0 (0% Bioethanol) to BP100 (100% Bioethanol). The test results using a gas analyzer and analyzed using excel show that bioethanol cannot reduce exhaust gas emissions. Adding bioethanol fuel to Pertamax can also increase the fuel's octane number (RON) and specific gravity. From the available data, adding bioethanol can reduce HC emission levels by up to 4ppm at BP50 at 6000 rpm, increasing CO2 emissions by 13.4% at BP50 at 7000 rpm with a compression ratio of 13:1. For the lowest O2 emission level, it reaches 0.13%. at BP40 at 5000 rpm. CO emission levels are still relatively small in various mixtures with a yield of 0.01%, but at BP0 and BP80 at 13:1 compression, emissions tend to increase every rpm.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80256440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intake manifold is a vehicle component where air and fuel flow from the carburetor to the combustion chamber through the intake valve. In order to get turbulent flow, it is necessary to modify the intake manifold. This research method uses data collection techniques using observation. Torque, power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions for each use of the intake manifold modification were tested three times at engine cycles of 2500-9000 rpm. In this study, the data were obtained from independent variables affecting dependent variation. The independent variable in this study was the shape of the intake manifold with a distance of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. The dependent variable results from the independent variables are torque, power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. It is necessary to control variables, including motorcycles according to the manufacturer specifications, testing engine performance using a 4-stroke transmission gear, engine working temperature (80-90 oC), and 92 octane fuel. 2 cm has the most significant impact on power, which is 5.47 HP. In testing the shape of the intake manifold, the threaded distance of 3 cm has the most significant impact on Torque, which is 7.15 Nm. In testing the shape of the intake manifold, which has an efficient impact on fuel consumption on a thread distance of 2 cm at 3000 rpm engine cycle with a time duration of 155.33 seconds. The peak engine cycle at 8000 rpm is the most economical on a 3 cm wine thread, with 71.67 seconds. The results of exhaust gas emissions for Hydrocarbon (HC) that are not burned out in the combustion process of the motor are the lowest, namely at a thread distance of 1 cm with an engine cycle of 2000 rpm with a result of 263.33 ppm, for engine cycle 9000 rpm with a yield of 246 ppm. For levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO), which is incomplete combustion in the process of engine performance, the lowest is at a 2 cm threaded distance at a 2000 rpm engine cycle with a result of 2.22%, and for an engine cycle of 9000 rpm with a result of 0.23%.
{"title":"Analysis of the Effect of Intake Manifold Shape on Motorcycle Engine Performance","authors":"S. Santoso, Reyhan Abiyyuzufar Prayitno","doi":"10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v5i2.4038","url":null,"abstract":"The intake manifold is a vehicle component where air and fuel flow from the carburetor to the combustion chamber through the intake valve. In order to get turbulent flow, it is necessary to modify the intake manifold. This research method uses data collection techniques using observation. Torque, power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions for each use of the intake manifold modification were tested three times at engine cycles of 2500-9000 rpm. In this study, the data were obtained from independent variables affecting dependent variation. The independent variable in this study was the shape of the intake manifold with a distance of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm. The dependent variable results from the independent variables are torque, power, fuel consumption, and exhaust emissions. It is necessary to control variables, including motorcycles according to the manufacturer specifications, testing engine performance using a 4-stroke transmission gear, engine working temperature (80-90 oC), and 92 octane fuel. 2 cm has the most significant impact on power, which is 5.47 HP. In testing the shape of the intake manifold, the threaded distance of 3 cm has the most significant impact on Torque, which is 7.15 Nm. In testing the shape of the intake manifold, which has an efficient impact on fuel consumption on a thread distance of 2 cm at 3000 rpm engine cycle with a time duration of 155.33 seconds. The peak engine cycle at 8000 rpm is the most economical on a 3 cm wine thread, with 71.67 seconds. The results of exhaust gas emissions for Hydrocarbon (HC) that are not burned out in the combustion process of the motor are the lowest, namely at a thread distance of 1 cm with an engine cycle of 2000 rpm with a result of 263.33 ppm, for engine cycle 9000 rpm with a yield of 246 ppm. For levels of Carbon Monoxide (CO), which is incomplete combustion in the process of engine performance, the lowest is at a 2 cm threaded distance at a 2000 rpm engine cycle with a result of 2.22%, and for an engine cycle of 9000 rpm with a result of 0.23%.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74305939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based on an optimizing PD controller to improve the dynamic performance of an automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is used to adjust the controller gains, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) cost function is used to ensure effective performance. To demonstrate the advantages of the suggested controller, a transient study was conducted and compared to a standard PD, LQR, and then used PD-LQR in terms of (Rising time, Settling time, Max Overshoot, and Peak time). Finally, simulations demonstrated that the PD-LQR gives satisfactory outcomes and a quicker reaction, which was evidently represented in the recommended controller's strong and steady performance in enhancing the transient analysis of the AVR system.
{"title":"The LQR Based On Optimized Tuning PD Controller For AVR System","authors":"Eman H. Jadoua, N. M. Diwood, Y. Azeez","doi":"10.30560/ijas.v5n1p8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v5n1p8","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based on an optimizing PD controller to improve the dynamic performance of an automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is used to adjust the controller gains, and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) cost function is used to ensure effective performance. To demonstrate the advantages of the suggested controller, a transient study was conducted and compared to a standard PD, LQR, and then used PD-LQR in terms of (Rising time, Settling time, Max Overshoot, and Peak time). Finally, simulations demonstrated that the PD-LQR gives satisfactory outcomes and a quicker reaction, which was evidently represented in the recommended controller's strong and steady performance in enhancing the transient analysis of the AVR system.","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88413525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Rhosma Dewi, Bima Warsita Adi, Wulan Purbowati, Intania Intania
The COVID-19 pandemic has occurred since 2020 and since the appearance of the first case, Indonesia has experienced three peaks of COVID-19 attacks. The elderly are one of the vulnerable groups with high mortality due to comorbidities. Implementation of health protocols is the key to controlling the incidence of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the implementation of health protocols for the elderly living in urban and rural areas. This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study involved 447 elderly living in urban and rural areas who were taken by purposive sampling technique. The data was taken using a questionnaire instrument and the analysis was carried out using the Mann Whitney test using SPSS 21 for windows. The results showed that of the 235 elderly living in urban areas, 52.3% of respondents showed compliance with health protocols and of 212 respondents who lived in rural areas, only 15% of elderly people complied with health protocols. The results by Mann Whitney analysis showed p-value of 0.000 smaller than α 0.05 so it was concluded that there was a difference in compliance to the implementation of health protocols between the elderly in rural and urban areas. People in rural areas, especially the elderly, still do not believe in COVID-19. So it is necessary to do health education with an approach that is in line with their value, for example, with a cultural approach.
自2020年以来发生了COVID-19大流行，自第一例病例出现以来，印度尼西亚经历了三次COVID-19袭击高峰。老年人是因合并症死亡率高的弱势群体之一。实施卫生规程是控制COVID-19发病率的关键。本研究的目的是分析城市和农村地区老年人健康方案实施的差异。这是一项采用横断面方法的相关研究。本研究采用有目的抽样方法对447名生活在城乡的老年人进行了调查。使用问卷调查工具获取数据，使用SPSS 21 for windows使用Mann Whitney检验进行分析。结果表明，在235名城市老年人中，52.3%的人遵守了健康方案，而在212名农村老年人中，只有15%的人遵守了健康方案。Mann - Whitney分析结果显示p值为0.000，小于α 0.05，说明农村和城市老年人对健康方案执行的依从性存在差异。农村地区的人们，特别是老年人，仍然不相信COVID-19。因此，有必要采用与他们的价值观相一致的方法进行健康教育，例如，采用文化方法。
{"title":"The Implementation of Health Protocols by The Elderly in Urban and Rural Area in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Sofia Rhosma Dewi, Bima Warsita Adi, Wulan Purbowati, Intania Intania","doi":"10.32528/ias.v1i2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32528/ias.v1i2.168","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has occurred since 2020 and since the appearance of the first case, Indonesia has experienced three peaks of COVID-19 attacks. The elderly are one of the vulnerable groups with high mortality due to comorbidities. Implementation of health protocols is the key to controlling the incidence of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the implementation of health protocols for the elderly living in urban and rural areas. This is a correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. This study involved 447 elderly living in urban and rural areas who were taken by purposive sampling technique. The data was taken using a questionnaire instrument and the analysis was carried out using the Mann Whitney test using SPSS 21 for windows. The results showed that of the 235 elderly living in urban areas, 52.3% of respondents showed compliance with health protocols and of 212 respondents who lived in rural areas, only 15% of elderly people complied with health protocols. The results by Mann Whitney analysis showed p-value of 0.000 smaller than α 0.05 so it was concluded that there was a difference in compliance to the implementation of health protocols between the elderly in rural and urban areas. People in rural areas, especially the elderly, still do not believe in COVID-19. So it is necessary to do health education with an approach that is in line with their value, for example, with a cultural approach. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85822889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As ingredient raw Sugarcane industry is one _ commodity plantations that have role strategic in economy in Indonesia. Availability varieties superior sugarcane is one _ reason low production sugarcane national . However , the use of varieties superior could support enhancement production sugarcane in Indonesia. enhancement sugar production through varieties with yield tall more take precedence because could increase sugar yield without increase right capacity sugar factory . Mutation result from sugarcane varieties Bululawang (BL) was obtained three genotype potential have yield high . Brix can be made a reference for measure content yield sugarcane because the more tall degrees the brix so the more sweet solution that . Study this use method observation by directly each location . _ Measurement degree brix done with using a refractometer, with take samples on each sugarcane mutants in every location . The results of the research M1 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19.5%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 62 masl . M3 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 141 masl . M2 mutant sugarcane has highest Brix content (23.4%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 512 masl .
{"title":"Potential Brix Levels of Mutant Sugarcane Plants at Different Altitudes","authors":"A. Jalil, S. Hartatik, S. Avivi","doi":"10.32528/ias.v1i2.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32528/ias.v1i2.166","url":null,"abstract":"As ingredient raw Sugarcane industry is one _ commodity plantations that have role strategic in economy in Indonesia. Availability varieties superior sugarcane is one _ reason low production sugarcane national . However , the use of varieties superior could support enhancement production sugarcane in Indonesia. enhancement sugar production through varieties with yield tall more take precedence because could increase sugar yield without increase right capacity sugar factory . Mutation result from sugarcane varieties Bululawang (BL) was obtained three genotype potential have yield high . Brix can be made a reference for measure content yield sugarcane because the more tall degrees the brix so the more sweet solution that . Study this use method observation by directly each location . _ Measurement degree brix done with using a refractometer, with take samples on each sugarcane mutants in every location . The results of the research M1 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19.5%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 62 masl . M3 mutant sugarcane has Highest Brix content (19%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 141 masl . M2 mutant sugarcane has highest Brix content (23.4%) and capable of adapt with good at height place ± 512 masl .","PeriodicalId":13778,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75645206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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