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A POD‐TANN Approach for the Multiscale Modeling of Materials and Macro‐Element Derivation in Geomechanics 地质力学中材料多尺度建模和宏观元素推导的 POD-TANN 方法
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3891
Giovanni Piunno, Ioannis Stefanou, Cristina Jommi
This paper introduces a novel approach that combines proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with thermodynamics‐based artificial neural networks (TANNs) to capture the macroscopic behavior of complex inelastic systems and derive macro‐elements in geomechanics. The methodology leverages POD to extract macroscopic internal state variables from microscopic state information, thereby enriching the macroscopic state description used to train an energy potential network within the TANN framework. The thermodynamic consistency provided by TANN, combined with the hierarchical nature of POD, allows to reproduce complex, nonlinear inelastic material behaviors, as well as macroscopic geomechanical systems responses. The approach is validated through applications of increasing complexity, demonstrating its capability to reproduce high‐fidelity simulation data. The applications proposed include the homogenization of continuous inelastic representative unit cells and the derivation of a macro‐element for a geotechnical system involving a monopile in a clay layer subjected to horizontal loading. Eventually, the projection operators directly obtained via POD are exploited to easily reconstruct the microscopic fields. The results indicate that the POD‐TANN approach not only offers accuracy in reproducing the studied constitutive responses, but also reduces computational costs, making it a practical tool for the multiscale modeling of heterogeneous inelastic geomechanical systems.
本文介绍了一种将适当正交分解(POD)与基于热力学的人工神经网络(TANNs)相结合的新方法,以捕捉复杂非弹性系统的宏观行为,并推导出地质力学中的宏观元素。该方法利用 POD 从微观状态信息中提取宏观内部状态变量,从而丰富了用于在 TANN 框架内训练能量势能网络的宏观状态描述。TANN 提供的热力学一致性与 POD 的层次性相结合,可以再现复杂的非线性非弹性材料行为以及宏观地质力学系统响应。该方法通过复杂程度不断增加的应用进行了验证,证明了其再现高保真模拟数据的能力。提出的应用包括连续非弹性代表单元的均质化,以及推导岩土系统的宏观元素,该系统涉及承受水平荷载的粘土层中的单桩。最后,利用通过 POD 直接获得的投影算子轻松地重建了微观场。结果表明,POD-TANN 方法不仅能准确地再现所研究的构成响应,还能降低计算成本,使其成为异质非弹性地质力学系统多尺度建模的实用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Mesh Generation and Numerical Verification for Complex Rock Structures Based on Optimization and Iteration Algorithms 基于优化和迭代算法的复杂岩石结构的自适应网格生成与数值验证
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3898
Huaiguang Xiao, Yueyang Li, Hengyang Wu, Lei He
The modelling of rock structure is of great significance in characterizing rock characteristics and studying the failure laws of rock samples. In order to construct a high‐fidelity model of the rock structure efficiently, this paper proposes an adaptive mesh dissection algorithm based on the Voronoi structure. Image processing techniques, including greyscale, threshold segmentation and edge detection, are applied to simplify the original rock image into a feature edge image. Then, a probability density diagram of the feature image is generated, which provides a probabilistic basis for the subsequent spreading of mesh seed points. Moreover, the concept of polygonal representation rate and the mesh quality evaluation system of four‐dimensional metrics are established to suggest values for the seed point parameters of the initial mesh. The initial mesh is continuously optimized and iterated by barycentric iteration and gradient descent optimization methods to form mesh structural models with high representational performance efficiently. The model tests on particle, fracture and multi‐phase rock images show that the optimized mesh model is highly similar to the original image in terms of similarity and edge fit, and the algorithm significantly reduces the short‐edge rate and improves the shape regularity of the mesh structure. Finally, numerical tests of uniaxial compression are carried out based on the optimized mesh model. The results show that the model has computational potential in numerical calculations. This method builds a procedural structure from digital images to numerical models, which can provide a reliable model basis for simulating the physico‐mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous rocks.
岩石结构建模对于描述岩石特征和研究岩石样本的破坏规律具有重要意义。为了高效地构建高保真岩石结构模型,本文提出了一种基于 Voronoi 结构的自适应网格剖分算法。应用灰度、阈值分割和边缘检测等图像处理技术,将原始岩石图像简化为特征边缘图像。然后,生成特征图像的概率密度图,为随后的网格种子点扩散提供概率基础。此外,还建立了多边形表示率概念和四维度量的网格质量评价体系,为初始网格的种子点参数值提供建议。通过巴里中心迭代和梯度下降优化方法对初始网格进行持续优化和迭代,从而高效地形成具有较高表示性能的网格结构模型。对颗粒、断裂和多相岩石图像的模型试验表明,优化后的网格模型在相似度和边缘拟合方面与原始图像高度相似,算法显著降低了短边率,提高了网格结构的形状规则性。最后,基于优化后的网格模型进行了单轴压缩的数值测试。结果表明,该模型在数值计算中具有计算潜力。该方法建立了从数字图像到数值模型的程序结构,可为模拟异质岩石的物理力学行为提供可靠的模型基础。
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引用次数: 0
Data‐Driven Tools to Evaluate Support Pressure, Radial Displacements, and Face Extrusion for Tunnels Excavated in Elastoplastic Grounds 评估弹性地基中开挖隧道的支撑压力、径向位移和端面挤压的数据驱动工具
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3889
Alec Tristani, Lina‐María Guayacán‐Carrillo, Jean Sulem
Two‐dimensional analysis of tunnel design based on the convergence–confinement method, although commonly used in tunnel design, may not always be applied. For example, in squeezing grounds, if the support is installed very close to the tunnel face, three‐dimensional numerical modeling is required but is computationally expensive. Therefore, it is usually performed before or after tunnel excavation. A machine learning approach is presented here as an alternative to costly computations. Two surrogate models are developed based on synthetic data. The first model aims to assess the support pressure and the radial displacement at equilibrium in the lining and the radial displacement occurring close to the face at the installation distance of the support. The second model is intended to compute the extrusion of the core considering an unlined gallery. It is assumed a circular tunnel excavated in a Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic perfectly plastic ground under an initial isotropic stress state. In particular, the bagging method is applied to neural networks to enhance the generalization capability of the models. A good performance is obtained using relatively scarce datasets. The modeling of the surrogate models is explained from the creation of the synthetic datasets to the evaluation of their performance. Their limitations are discussed. In practice, these two machine learning tools should be helpful in the field during the excavation phase.
基于收敛-约束法的隧道设计二维分析虽然在隧道设计中常用,但并不总是适用。例如,在挤压地层中,如果支护安装得非常靠近隧道面,就需要进行三维数值建模,但计算成本很高。因此,通常在隧道开挖之前或之后进行。本文提出了一种机器学习方法,以替代昂贵的计算。根据合成数据开发了两个代用模型。第一个模型旨在评估衬砌平衡时的支护压力和径向位移,以及在支护安装距离接近工作面时发生的径向位移。第二个模型旨在计算无衬砌巷道的岩心挤压情况。假定在初始各向同性应力状态下,在莫尔-库仑弹塑性完全塑性地层中挖掘圆形隧道。特别是,在神经网络中应用了袋化方法,以增强模型的泛化能力。利用相对稀缺的数据集获得了良好的性能。从合成数据集的创建到性能评估,对代用模型的建模过程进行了说明。还讨论了它们的局限性。在实践中,这两种机器学习工具在实地挖掘阶段应该会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Fracturing Above Block Caving Back: A Spherical Shell Theory Approach and BEM Numerical Simulation 区块崩塌后上方的压裂分析:球壳理论方法与 BEM 数值模拟
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3893
Jingyu Shi, Baotang Shen
Experiments and field monitoring have revealed that in block caving, fractures over the cave crown tend to form in narrow curved bands that are parallel or subparallel to the cave back surface. These fractures delineate curved shells of orebody between the bands and the cave back. The effectiveness of block caving hinges on the subsequent fracturing and fragmentation of these orebody shells. This study adopts a dual approach, combining thin spherical shell theory and full 3D numerical simulations along with principles of linear elastic fracture mechanics, to investigate the fracturing behaviour of these shells. Analytical analysis indicates that under axisymmetric loading, latitudinal tensile fractures predominantly initiate across the most part of the shell, occurring on both the upper and lower surfaces, except at a localised area. Additionally, longitudinal tensile fractures may initiate at the central area of the upper surface, while shear fractures tend to occur around the edge of the shell. Consequently, the shells become susceptible to fracturing, leading to the collapse or cave‐in of the orebody. Numerical simulations agree with these findings, illustrating that fracturing points within the shell region are longitudinally dispersed throughout the entire shell. Most of these fracturing points satisfy the criteria for tensile fracturing, particularly within the middle portion of the shell, aligning with the analytical results. Furthermore, simulations considering nonaxisymmetric loading patterns demonstrate that regions surrounding the caving cavity, aligned with the minimum principal in situ stress, exhibit heightened susceptibility to fracture initiation. This insight holds potential significance for optimising the design of the caving process.
实验和实地监测表明,在块状洞穴开采中,洞顶断裂往往形成与洞背表面平行或近似平行的狭窄弯曲带。这些裂缝在裂缝带和洞背之间形成了弧形矿体。块体崩落的有效性取决于这些矿体外壳随后的断裂和破碎。本研究采用双重方法,将薄球壳理论和全三维数值模拟与线性弹性断裂力学原理相结合,研究这些壳体的断裂行为。分析表明,在轴对称加载条件下,纬向拉伸断裂主要发生在壳体的大部分区域,除局部区域外,断裂同时发生在上下表面。此外,纵向拉伸断裂可能发生在上表面的中心区域,而剪切断裂往往发生在壳体边缘。因此,矿壳容易发生断裂,导致矿体坍塌或塌陷。数值模拟与上述发现一致,表明矿壳区域内的断裂点纵向分散在整个矿壳中。这些断裂点大多符合拉伸断裂的标准,尤其是在矿壳的中间部分,与分析结果一致。此外,考虑到非轴对称加载模式的模拟结果表明,与最小原位主应力相一致的洞穴周围区域更容易发生断裂。这一洞察力对于优化凹陷过程的设计具有潜在意义。
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引用次数: 0
Stress‐Confinement Effect on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Granite Under Impact Loading: Experimental and Numerical Simulation 冲击载荷下应力-约束对异质花岗岩动态力学性能的影响:实验和数值模拟
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3896
Hangli Gong, Mingyang Wang, Yi Luo, Tingting Liu, Ran Fan, Xinping Li
To investigate the stress‐confinement effect on the dynamic crack propagation and energy evolution characteristics of heterogeneous granite under impact loading, a three‐dimensional equivalent grain‐based model (3D‐GBM) and FLAC3D‐PFC3D coupled modeling technique was used to establish a numerical model of a full‐scale true triaxial Hopkinson test system. The results indicate that: (1) A rate‐effect model of the dynamic strength enhancement factor for heterogeneous rocks under multiaxial static and dynamic combined loading was constructed, with lateral stress confinement enhancing the sensitivity of dynamic strength to the strain rate. (2) Axial stress reduces the crack initiation stress ratio (σci/σd) and damage stress threshold ratio (σcd/σd), reducing the time to their onset, while lateral stress has the opposite effect. (3) Lateral stress confinement helps dynamically adjust the types of microcracks within the rock, restricts the relative slip friction between particles, and decreases the kinetic energy of failure. (4) At approximately the same strain rate, the strain energy and slip friction energy sequentially increase under uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress confinement. The mutual slip friction and movement between rock particles are more intense under biaxial stress confinement compared to uniaxial conditions.
为研究冲击载荷作用下应力约束对异质花岗岩动态裂纹扩展和能量演化特性的影响,采用三维等效晶粒模型(3D-GBM)和 FLAC3D-PFC3D 耦合建模技术,建立了全尺寸真实三轴霍普金森试验系统的数值模型。结果表明(1) 建立了多轴静、动联合加载下异质岩石动强度增强因子的速率效应模型,横向应力约束增强了动强度对应变速率的敏感性。(2) 轴向应力降低了裂缝萌发应力比(σci/σd)和破坏应力阈值比(σcd/σd),缩短了裂缝萌发时间,而侧向应力的作用正好相反。(3) 横向应力约束有助于动态调整岩石内部微裂缝的类型,限制颗粒之间的相对滑移摩擦力,降低破坏动能。(4) 在应变率大致相同的情况下,单轴、双轴和三轴应力约束下的应变能和滑移摩擦能依次增加。与单轴应力约束条件相比,双轴应力约束条件下岩石颗粒之间的相互滑移摩擦和运动更为剧烈。
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引用次数: 0
Stress Field and Crack Pattern Interpretation by Deep Learning in a 2D Solid 通过深度学习解读二维实体中的应力场和裂纹模式
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3890
Daniel Chou, Chloé Arson
A nonlinear variational auto‐encoder (NLVAE) is developed to reconstruct the plane strain stress field in a solid with embedded cracks subjected to uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, and shear loading paths. Latent features are sampled from a skew‐normal distribution, which allows encoding marked variations of the features of the stress field across the load steps. The NLVAE is trained and tested based upon stress maps generated with the finite element method (FEM) with cohesive zone elements (CZEs). The NLVAE successfully captures stress concentrations that develop across the loading steps as a result of crack propagation, especially when enhanced disentanglement is emphasized during training. Some latent variables consistently emerge as significant across various microstructure descriptors and loading paths. Correlations observed between the evolution of fabric descriptors and that of their significant stress latent features indicate that the NLVAE can capture important microstructure transitions during the loading process. Crack connectivity, crack eccentricity, and the distribution of zones of highly connected opened cracks versus zones with no cracks are the fabric descriptors that best explain the sequences of latent features that are the most important for the reconstruction of the stress field. Notably, the distributional shape, tail behavior, and symmetry of microstructure descriptor distributions have more influence on the stress field than basic measures of central tendency and spread.
本研究开发了一种非线性变异自动编码器(NLVAE),用于重建单轴拉伸、单轴压缩和剪切加载路径下带有嵌入式裂纹的固体中的平面应变应力场。潜在特征从倾斜正态分布中采样,这样就能对不同加载步长的应力场特征的明显变化进行编码。NLVAE 是根据有限元法(FEM)和内聚区元素(CZE)生成的应力图进行训练和测试的。NLVAE 成功捕捉到了由于裂纹扩展而在整个加载步骤中产生的应力集中,尤其是在训练过程中强调加强解缠时。在各种微观结构描述符和加载路径中,一些潜变量始终具有重要意义。在结构描述符的演变与其重要的应力潜特征之间观察到的相关性表明,NLVAE 可以捕捉加载过程中重要的微观结构转变。裂纹连通性、裂纹偏心率以及高度连通的开口裂纹区与无裂纹区的分布是最能解释对重建应力场最重要的潜伏特征序列的结构描述符。值得注意的是,微观结构描述符分布的分布形状、尾部行为和对称性对应力场的影响比中心倾向和扩散的基本测量值更大。
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引用次数: 0
Extension of a 3D Geological Entity Modeling Method for Discontinuous Deformation Analysis 扩展三维地质实体建模方法,用于不连续变形分析
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3887
Xing Wang, Xiaodong Fu, Qian Sheng, Jian Chen, Jingyu Kang, Jiaming Wu
With the development of 3D discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) in precise stress fields and crack propagation problems, it has also demonstrated outstanding capabilities in solving continuous–discontinuous problems. However, currently, 3D DDA modeling primarily focuses on generating rock joint networks and developing 3D cutting algorithms. Correspondingly, 3D geological modeling methods are not yet mature, and establishing 3D models often demands substantial time. The lack of supporting preprocessing modeling methods and corresponding visual operation interfaces significantly hampers the development of 3D DDA. This method builds upon advanced research achievements in unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography, 3D reconstruction, 3D cutting, computer graphics, and visualization program design. This research establishes a 3D geological entity modeling method for 3D DDA and constructs a comprehensive program using relevant C++ libraries and C language interfaces. In this method, a 3D geological model that incorporates geological elements such as strata and faults is initially established using non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBSs) surfaces as the boundary of the solid model. Subsequently, finite element meshing is applied, followed by corresponding topology transformation, resulting in a 3D block system model suitable for 3D DDA calculation. To cater for diverse application scenarios, continuous–discontinuous models integrated with subblocks and models of arbitrary polyhedra can be established. The proposed method has been validated through several typical modeling examples, showing its ability to rapidly and generate 3D high‐precision geological reality models suitable for 3D DDA calculations. Additionally, some techniques used in this method can be extended for modeling other numerical simulation methods, warranting further research.
随着三维非连续变形分析(DDA)在精确应力场和裂缝扩展问题方面的发展,它在解决连续-非连续问题方面也表现出了卓越的能力。然而,目前三维 DDA 建模主要侧重于生成岩石节理网络和开发三维切割算法。相应地,三维地质建模方法尚未成熟,建立三维模型往往需要大量时间。缺乏配套的预处理建模方法和相应的可视化操作界面也极大地阻碍了三维 DDA 的发展。该方法建立在无人机倾斜摄影、三维重建、三维切割、计算机图形学和可视化程序设计等先进研究成果的基础上。该研究为三维 DDA 建立了一种三维地质实体建模方法,并利用相关的 C++ 库和 C 语言接口构建了一个综合程序。在该方法中,首先使用非均匀有理 B 样条(NURBS)曲面作为实体模型的边界,建立包含地层和断层等地质元素的三维地质模型。随后,应用有限元网格划分,并进行相应的拓扑转换,最终形成适合三维 DDA 计算的三维块体系统模型。为了满足不同的应用场景,可以建立与子块和任意多面体模型集成的连续-非连续模型。通过几个典型的建模实例验证了所提出的方法,表明该方法能够快速生成适合三维 DDA 计算的三维高精度地质现实模型。此外,该方法中使用的一些技术可扩展用于其他数值模拟方法的建模,值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Long‐Term Municipal Solid Waste Constitutive Behavior With Coupled Biodegradation and Fibrous Reinforcing Effects 生物降解和纤维增强效应耦合作用下的城市固体废物长期结构行为特性分析
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3894
Xiulei Li, Chunwei Yang, Yuchen Zhang, Yuping Li, Jianyong Shi, Yanan Sun
To appropriately simulate the long‐term mechanical behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW), a constitutive model coupling the effects of biodegradation and fibrous reinforcement was developed. In the proposed model, the compressive deformation due to biodegradation was regarded as being caused by an additional equivalent stress. Considering the effect of biodegradation, an evolution equation of the equivalent stress was proposed, and a plastic volumetric strain hardening law was developed. A fibrous reinforcement parameter was introduced, which was associated with the fiber content, stress state, and plastic shear strain of MSW. A plastic shear strain hardening law was developed to model the fibrous reinforcement. Based on the associated flow rule and two plastic strain hardening laws, the proposed model was established. The proposed model well simulated the hardening properties of MSW, as evidenced by the stress‒strain curves and the consistent, nonlinear increase in volumetric strain with axial strain. The differences in the shear strength and volumetric deformation due to the confining stress and fiber content were also well simulated by the model. Furthermore, the model predictions accurately reflected the findings of experiments conducted over a period of 10 years. Finally, parametric investigations were used to calibrate this proposed model, which can well characterize the long‐term MSW mechanical behavior.
为了适当模拟城市固体废物(MSW)的长期力学行为,开发了一种将生物降解和纤维加固效应结合起来的构成模型。在建议的模型中,生物降解引起的压缩变形被认为是由额外的等效应力引起的。考虑到生物降解的影响,提出了等效应力的演变方程,并制定了塑性体积应变硬化定律。引入了纤维增强参数,该参数与城市固体废物的纤维含量、应力状态和塑性剪切应变有关。建立了塑性剪切应变硬化定律,以模拟纤维加固。根据相关的流动规则和两个塑性应变硬化定律,建立了拟议模型。从应力-应变曲线和体积应变随轴向应变的一致非线性增加可以看出,所提出的模型很好地模拟了 MSW 的硬化特性。该模型还很好地模拟了封闭应力和纤维含量导致的剪切强度和体积变形的差异。此外,模型预测准确地反映了 10 年来的实验结果。最后,通过参数研究对所提出的模型进行了校准,该模型可以很好地描述城市固体废物的长期力学行为。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Hydro‐Grain‐Texture Model to Unveil the Impact of Mineral Grain Anisotropy on Fluid‐Driven Cracking Processes in Crystalline Rock 揭示矿物晶粒各向异性对流体驱动的结晶岩裂解过程的影响的新型水力-晶粒-纹理模型
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3888
Suifeng Wang, Hideaki Yasuhara, Li Zhuang, Xianyu Zhao, Liping Zhang, Tao Wang
The anisotropy at the grain scale significantly impacts cracking behavior of crystalline rocks. However, the anisotropy of mineral structure, especially the grain shape and orientation has been inadequately addressed in studies on hydraulic fracturing. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a coupled hydro‐grain‐texture model (HGTM) based on discrete element model (DEM) that investigates the influence of grain shape and orientation on fluid‐driven cracking processes in crystalline rock. The HGTM can consider the different mineral grain shapes and orientations by changing the aspect ratio and rotating coordinate axes. Our studies covered six distinct in‐situ stresses, three grain shapes, and five grain orientations. Initially, we present a comprehensive examination of the microcracking processes of hydraulic fracturing. Then the influences of in‐situ stress, grain shape, and grain orientation on cracking processes were studied. The results underscore that both mineral grain and in‐situ stress interplay to influence the hydraulic fracturing of the crystalline rocks. The proposed HGTM can well mimic the propagation process of hydraulic fracturing by comparing with the experimental results and the results reveal that hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rocks is a highly complex process. This research clarifies the complex interplay between grain texture and hydraulic fracturing, offering invaluable insights for optimizing stimulation practices.
晶粒尺度上的各向异性对结晶岩石的开裂行为有重大影响。然而,在有关水力压裂的研究中,矿物结构的各向异性,尤其是晶粒形状和取向的各向异性,还没有得到充分的研究。为了弥补这一不足,本文介绍了基于离散元素模型(DEM)的水力-晶粒-纹理耦合模型(HGTM),该模型研究了晶粒形状和取向对结晶岩流体驱动开裂过程的影响。HGTM 可以通过改变长宽比和旋转坐标轴来考虑不同的矿物晶粒形状和取向。我们的研究涵盖了六种不同的原位应力、三种晶粒形状和五种晶粒取向。首先,我们对水力压裂的微裂缝过程进行了全面研究。然后研究了原位应力、晶粒形状和晶粒取向对开裂过程的影响。结果表明,矿物晶粒和原位应力相互作用,影响了结晶岩的水力压裂。通过与实验结果比较,所提出的 HGTM 可以很好地模拟水力压裂的传播过程,结果表明结晶岩中的水力压裂是一个非常复杂的过程。这项研究阐明了晶粒质地与水力压裂之间复杂的相互作用,为优化压裂实践提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Formulation and Implicit Numerical Integration of a Kinematic Hardening Model for Unsaturated Soils 非饱和土壤运动硬化模型的制定和隐式数值积分
IF 4 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/nag.3878
Lluís Monforte, Mohamed Rouainia
Currently, our understanding of material‐scale deterioration resulting from meteorologically induced variations in pore water pressure and its significant impact on infrastructure slopes is limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, we have developed an extended kinematic hardening constitutive model for unsaturated soils that refines our understanding of weather‐driven deterioration mechanisms in heterogeneous clay soils. This model has the capability of predicting the irrecoverable degradation of strength and stiffness that has been shown to occur when soils undergo wetting and drying cycles. The model is equipped with a fully coupled and hysteretic water retention curve and a hysteretic loading–collapse curve and has the capability to predict the irrecoverable degradation of strength and stiffness that occurs during cyclic loading of soils. Here, we employ a fully implicit stress integration technique and give particular emphasis to deriving a consistent tangent operator, which includes the linearisation of the retention curve. The proposed algorithm is evaluated for efficiency and performance by simulating various stress and strain‐driven triaxial paths, and the accuracy of the integration technique is evaluated through the use of convergence curves.
目前,我们对气象引起的孔隙水压力变化导致的材料尺度劣化及其对基础设施边坡的重大影响了解有限。为了弥补这一知识空白,我们开发了一种非饱和土壤的扩展运动硬化构成模型,该模型完善了我们对异质粘土中天气驱动劣化机制的理解。该模型能够预测强度和刚度的不可恢复退化,这种退化已被证明会在土壤经历湿润和干燥循环时发生。该模型配备了完全耦合的滞后保水曲线和滞后加载-塌陷曲线,能够预测土壤在循环加载过程中发生的不可恢复的强度和刚度退化。在此,我们采用了完全隐式应力积分技术,并特别强调了一致切线算子的推导,其中包括滞留曲线的线性化。通过模拟各种应力和应变驱动的三轴路径,对所提出算法的效率和性能进行了评估,并通过收敛曲线对积分技术的准确性进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics
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