Qingyang Ren, Hang Song, Bin Chen, Songqiang Xiao, Yanping Jia, Senlin Gao
Addressing the unclear mechanisms and insufficient prediction accuracy regarding the effects of extreme weather on the interlayer performance of mass concrete in Northwest China, this study proposes a novel framework for interlayer performance prediction and risk early warning, integrating multi‐condition physical experiments with machine learning methods. The research simulates five typical extreme environmental conditions (high temperature, strong wind, rapid cooling, high temperature with strong wind, and cold wave with strong wind), and systematically quantifies the influence of various interlayer treatment measures (natural curing, thermal insulation covering, artificial grooves, and incorporation of PVA fibers) on the time‐varying characteristics of concrete moisture content, penetration resistance development, splitting tensile strength, and crack resistance. Experimental results indicate that extreme compound conditions lead to a maximum reduction of 62.8% in interlayer splitting strength, with the combined effect of cold wave and strong wind being the most significant. The synergistic use of thermal insulation blankets and PVA fibers can achieve a strength recovery rate of up to 85.3%. Based on multi‐source experimental data features, an LSTM‐RF hybrid prediction model was constructed, where the long short‐term memory (LSTM) network specifically processes the time‐series features of moisture content and penetration resistance (prediction R2 > 0.92). The established “physical experiment–digital modeling” dual‐driven approach provides a quantifiable decision‐making basis for concrete construction in extreme environments.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization and Hybrid LSTM‐RF Modeling of Time‐Dependent Interlayer Behavior in Mass Concrete Under Extreme Multi‐Physical Environments","authors":"Qingyang Ren, Hang Song, Bin Chen, Songqiang Xiao, Yanping Jia, Senlin Gao","doi":"10.1002/nag.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70307","url":null,"abstract":"Addressing the unclear mechanisms and insufficient prediction accuracy regarding the effects of extreme weather on the interlayer performance of mass concrete in Northwest China, this study proposes a novel framework for interlayer performance prediction and risk early warning, integrating multi‐condition physical experiments with machine learning methods. The research simulates five typical extreme environmental conditions (high temperature, strong wind, rapid cooling, high temperature with strong wind, and cold wave with strong wind), and systematically quantifies the influence of various interlayer treatment measures (natural curing, thermal insulation covering, artificial grooves, and incorporation of PVA fibers) on the time‐varying characteristics of concrete moisture content, penetration resistance development, splitting tensile strength, and crack resistance. Experimental results indicate that extreme compound conditions lead to a maximum reduction of 62.8% in interlayer splitting strength, with the combined effect of cold wave and strong wind being the most significant. The synergistic use of thermal insulation blankets and PVA fibers can achieve a strength recovery rate of up to 85.3%. Based on multi‐source experimental data features, an LSTM‐RF hybrid prediction model was constructed, where the long short‐term memory (LSTM) network specifically processes the time‐series features of moisture content and penetration resistance (prediction <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> > 0.92). The established “physical experiment–digital modeling” dual‐driven approach provides a quantifiable decision‐making basis for concrete construction in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinzhuang Cui, Shirong Yan, Xiaoning Zhang, Hancheng Dan, Chengzhi Xiao, Junlin Hu
In this study, a new intelligent compaction (IC) mechanical index, intelligent compaction vibration modulus EICV, was established by considering the influence of the subgrade moisture content. The field test was designed with varying moisture content sections to investigate the influence of moisture content on the EICV and compaction meter value ( CMV ). The results suggest that the EICV had better performance in evaluating the compaction quality of the subgrade than the CMV . It may be due to the similar trend of EICV and in‐situ test results with the change of moisture content, while the CMV was adverse. Then, EICV and CMV were performed to regression analyses with the in‐situ test results collected in the respective moisture content sections. The correlation of the in‐situ test results with both EICV and CMV was strengthened compared with ignoring the influence of moisture content. It suggested that the different IC control standards for different moisture content ranges should be applied, rather than using a single standard in IC technology. Based on it, an IC project verification was conducted to validate the robustness of EICV by comparing it with other intelligent compaction measurement values (ICMVs). The results demonstrate that EICV has a stronger ability to reflect the compaction quality of subgrade compared with other ICMVs due to a better mechanical basis and considering the influence of moisture content difference. This study is conducive to improving the accuracy of IC evaluation and promoting the application of IC technology in subgrade construction.
{"title":"A Moisture‐Insensitive Mechanical Index for Intelligent Soil Compaction: Theory, Development, and Field Validation","authors":"Xinzhuang Cui, Shirong Yan, Xiaoning Zhang, Hancheng Dan, Chengzhi Xiao, Junlin Hu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70302","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new intelligent compaction (IC) mechanical index, intelligent compaction vibration modulus <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV,</jats:sub> was established by considering the influence of the subgrade moisture content. The field test was designed with varying moisture content sections to investigate the influence of moisture content on the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> and compaction meter value ( <jats:italic>CMV</jats:italic> ). The results suggest that the <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> had better performance in evaluating the compaction quality of the subgrade than the <jats:italic>CMV</jats:italic> . It may be due to the similar trend of <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> and in‐situ test results with the change of moisture content, while the <jats:italic>CMV</jats:italic> was adverse. Then, <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>CMV</jats:italic> were performed to regression analyses with the in‐situ test results collected in the respective moisture content sections. The correlation of the in‐situ test results with both <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>CMV</jats:italic> was strengthened compared with ignoring the influence of moisture content. It suggested that the different IC control standards for different moisture content ranges should be applied, rather than using a single standard in IC technology. Based on it, an IC project verification was conducted to validate the robustness of <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> by comparing it with other intelligent compaction measurement values (ICMVs). The results demonstrate that <jats:italic>E</jats:italic> <jats:sub>ICV</jats:sub> has a stronger ability to reflect the compaction quality of subgrade compared with other ICMVs due to a better mechanical basis and considering the influence of moisture content difference. This study is conducive to improving the accuracy of IC evaluation and promoting the application of IC technology in subgrade construction.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arching in granular materials is a general phenomenon that exists in different domains of engineering such as underground excavations and particle flow in silos and hoppers. However, the arching effect in adhesive granular systems, which is common in practice, remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the influence of particle adhesion on the evolution of the arching effect through discrete element method (DEM) trapdoor simulations. A surface energy‐based adhesive interaction model was incorporated to represent varying adhesion strengths between particles. The results reveal three distinct arching patterns termed as progressive arching, structural arch, and beam‐arching patterns, corresponding to a transition from friction‐dominated to adhesion‐controlled arching mechanisms as particle adhesion increases. With higher adhesion, deformation becomes increasingly constrained, stress concentration intensifies, and volumetric changes are suppressed. Increasing burial depth further amplifies stress redistribution within stationary zones and demands stronger adhesion for stable arching formation. Microscopically, particle adhesion enhances the continuity and anisotropy of contact force chains while reducing porosity evolution, resulting in a more persistent load‐bearing arching. These findings provide a multiscale understanding of how adhesion modifies the stability and stress‐transfer mechanisms of the arching effect, offering valuable insights for predicting deformation, optimizing ground reinforcement, as well as mitigating clogging in particulate‐handling processes.
{"title":"Mechanisms and Stability of Adhesion‐Controlled Arching in Granular Materials","authors":"Xiang‐Shen Fu, Shengtao Yang, Han‐Lin Wang, Daniel Dias, Xin Kang, Ren‐Peng Chen","doi":"10.1002/nag.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70303","url":null,"abstract":"Arching in granular materials is a general phenomenon that exists in different domains of engineering such as underground excavations and particle flow in silos and hoppers. However, the arching effect in adhesive granular systems, which is common in practice, remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the influence of particle adhesion on the evolution of the arching effect through discrete element method (DEM) trapdoor simulations. A surface energy‐based adhesive interaction model was incorporated to represent varying adhesion strengths between particles. The results reveal three distinct arching patterns termed as progressive arching, structural arch, and beam‐arching patterns, corresponding to a transition from friction‐dominated to adhesion‐controlled arching mechanisms as particle adhesion increases. With higher adhesion, deformation becomes increasingly constrained, stress concentration intensifies, and volumetric changes are suppressed. Increasing burial depth further amplifies stress redistribution within stationary zones and demands stronger adhesion for stable arching formation. Microscopically, particle adhesion enhances the continuity and anisotropy of contact force chains while reducing porosity evolution, resulting in a more persistent load‐bearing arching. These findings provide a multiscale understanding of how adhesion modifies the stability and stress‐transfer mechanisms of the arching effect, offering valuable insights for predicting deformation, optimizing ground reinforcement, as well as mitigating clogging in particulate‐handling processes.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under complex deep mining conditions, crosscuts adjacent to goafs often face severe surrounding rock stability issues due to the hanging of hard roofs and mining disturbances. Taking the large deformation of the 261 cross‐cut at Huoshaopu Coal Mine as an example, hydraulic fracturing for roof cutting and pressure relief was applied for control. Through integrated field observation, theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and engineering practice, it was found that the depth of roof fractures reached 6.23 m, with an integrity coefficient as low as 0.4–0.5. A cantilever beam model was established and stress formulas were derived, while UDEC simulations verified the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in cutting off the roof and redistributing stress. On‐site implementation of bolt‐grouting reinforcement combined with the “retreat‐style single‐borehole multi‐stage fracturing” technique successfully severed the main roof cantilever, leading to a significant reduction in abutment pressure: coal pillar stress decreased from 39.35 to 32.35 MPa (a reduction of 17.8%), and solid coal side stress decreased from 31.05 to 27.02 MPa (a reduction of 13.0%). Roadway convergence rates were reduced by 28%–38% without any collapse. The study demonstrates that hydraulic fracturing is an effective method for mitigating stress and deformation in crosscuts, providing a critical engineering strategy for controlling thick and hard roof strata.
{"title":"Hydraulic Fracturing Roof Cutting and Pressure Relief for Controlling Mining‐Induced Cross‐Cut Deformation","authors":"Wu Xuewu, Zhenqian Ma, Yuankun Zhu, Yunlin Shuai, Yuxiang Bao, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70301","url":null,"abstract":"Under complex deep mining conditions, crosscuts adjacent to goafs often face severe surrounding rock stability issues due to the hanging of hard roofs and mining disturbances. Taking the large deformation of the 261 cross‐cut at Huoshaopu Coal Mine as an example, hydraulic fracturing for roof cutting and pressure relief was applied for control. Through integrated field observation, theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and engineering practice, it was found that the depth of roof fractures reached 6.23 m, with an integrity coefficient as low as 0.4–0.5. A cantilever beam model was established and stress formulas were derived, while UDEC simulations verified the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing in cutting off the roof and redistributing stress. On‐site implementation of bolt‐grouting reinforcement combined with the “retreat‐style single‐borehole multi‐stage fracturing” technique successfully severed the main roof cantilever, leading to a significant reduction in abutment pressure: coal pillar stress decreased from 39.35 to 32.35 MPa (a reduction of 17.8%), and solid coal side stress decreased from 31.05 to 27.02 MPa (a reduction of 13.0%). Roadway convergence rates were reduced by 28%–38% without any collapse. The study demonstrates that hydraulic fracturing is an effective method for mitigating stress and deformation in crosscuts, providing a critical engineering strategy for controlling thick and hard roof strata.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"11 29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nima Noorollahi, Gianluca Cusatis, Alessandro Fascetti
The Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) provides a robust computational framework for modeling the behavior of quasi‐brittle cementitious composites, excelling at simulating fracture processes, crack initiation and propagation, and material failure mechanisms at the mesoscopic scale of concrete, which schematizes the material at the level of coarse aggregate and mortar paste. However, LDPM remains computationally expensive, particularly when modeling large‐scale structural elements under complex dynamic conditions. This study utilizes Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to develop a reduced‐order model (ROM) for the LDPM integration solver employing the central difference scheme. A novel two‐stage projection strategy is introduced, enabling direct and consistent enforcement of boundary conditions in the reduced subspace, while maintaining compatibility with the original solver. The objective is to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. In constructing the ROM, both offline and online modes are presented and discussed in detail, including the demonstration of offline ROM for mesoscale parameter calibration to enhance predictive capabilities. The proposed methodology is validated through various independent tests involving highly nonlinear behavior. The results demonstrate significant computational savings without compromising the accuracy of the numerical predictions, highlighting the potential to apply ROM techniques to the LDPM framework.
{"title":"Reduced‐Order Modeling of the Lattice Discrete Particle Model via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition","authors":"Nima Noorollahi, Gianluca Cusatis, Alessandro Fascetti","doi":"10.1002/nag.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70298","url":null,"abstract":"The Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM) provides a robust computational framework for modeling the behavior of quasi‐brittle cementitious composites, excelling at simulating fracture processes, crack initiation and propagation, and material failure mechanisms at the mesoscopic scale of concrete, which schematizes the material at the level of coarse aggregate and mortar paste. However, LDPM remains computationally expensive, particularly when modeling large‐scale structural elements under complex dynamic conditions. This study utilizes Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to develop a reduced‐order model (ROM) for the LDPM integration solver employing the central difference scheme. A novel two‐stage projection strategy is introduced, enabling direct and consistent enforcement of boundary conditions in the reduced subspace, while maintaining compatibility with the original solver. The objective is to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. In constructing the ROM, both offline and online modes are presented and discussed in detail, including the demonstration of offline ROM for mesoscale parameter calibration to enhance predictive capabilities. The proposed methodology is validated through various independent tests involving highly nonlinear behavior. The results demonstrate significant computational savings without compromising the accuracy of the numerical predictions, highlighting the potential to apply ROM techniques to the LDPM framework.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the formulation, this paper presents a two‐phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework for modeling the coupled flow‐deformation interactions and large deformation behavior in saturated porous media. The pore water pressure is advanced under weak compressibility via the pressure evolution equation, and the seepage velocity obeys Darcy's law as a primary variable, thus facilitating boundary conditions. To enhance accuracy and numerical robustness, the enhanced finite particle method (FPM) discretization and pressure diffusion stabilization are introduced. Then, we test the framework on four standard problems: Terzaghi's 1D consolidation, a 2D strip‐loading seepage case, self‐weight collapse of a saturated block, and saturated granular‐column collapse. These tests check the boundary handling, pressure‐field accuracy, and control of spurious oscillations. In all cases, the results agree with the references; the near‐boundary solution is better behaved, and pressure oscillations are reduced, especially for low permeability or a large water bulk modulus. Furthermore, the favorable numerical results suggest the potential applicability of the proposed framework to real‐world problems, such as landslides and debris flows.
{"title":"A Stabilized and First‐Order Consistent Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Coupled Flow‐Deformation Analysis of Saturated Porous Media","authors":"Tiancheng Tong, Xin Gu, Panyong Liu, Xiaozhou Xia, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70300","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the formulation, this paper presents a two‐phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework for modeling the coupled flow‐deformation interactions and large deformation behavior in saturated porous media. The pore water pressure is advanced under weak compressibility via the pressure evolution equation, and the seepage velocity obeys Darcy's law as a primary variable, thus facilitating boundary conditions. To enhance accuracy and numerical robustness, the enhanced finite particle method (FPM) discretization and pressure diffusion stabilization are introduced. Then, we test the framework on four standard problems: Terzaghi's 1D consolidation, a 2D strip‐loading seepage case, self‐weight collapse of a saturated block, and saturated granular‐column collapse. These tests check the boundary handling, pressure‐field accuracy, and control of spurious oscillations. In all cases, the results agree with the references; the near‐boundary solution is better behaved, and pressure oscillations are reduced, especially for low permeability or a large water bulk modulus. Furthermore, the favorable numerical results suggest the potential applicability of the proposed framework to real‐world problems, such as landslides and debris flows.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qilong Song, Dong Su, Ruixiao Zhang, Yijun Tan, Xiangsheng Chen
For inclined tunnels, the longitudinal inclination angle plays a crucial role in influencing the pressure gradient within the chamber, causing substantial pressure fluctuations and thereby elevating the risk of instability during shield tunneling. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the impact of the inclination angle on tunnel face stability. In this study, the FEM was initially adopted to examine the effect of varying inclination angles on the failure process and mechanism in soft soil reinforced by three‐shaft stirring piles (TSP). Theoretical models of morphological evolution relative to inclination angle were developed based on the limit equilibrium method (LEM), namely the depression angle reinforcement model (DR model, α < 0), flat angle reinforcement model (FR model, α = 0), and elevation angle reinforcement model (ER model, α > 0). The proposed models were validated by comparing them to relevant theoretical models and field monitoring data. The key findings of this study are as follows: (1) Limit support pressure (LSP) was observed to increase linearly with the inclination angle, indicating that a depression angle ( α < 0) is more favorable for maintaining tunnel face stability compared to an elevation angle ( α > 0); (2) LSP was found to be inversely proportional to cohesion ( c ) and the friction angle ( φ ) while being directly proportional to both the buried depth ratio ( C / D ) and the normalized additional load ( σ s / γD ); and (3) predicted pressure provides a relatively accurate and reasonable warning value for chamber pressure during the construction of the Zhuhai Mangzhou Cross‐Sea Tunnel.
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Longitudinal Inclined Tunnel Faces in Reinforced Soft Soil Strata: A Coupled Theoretical and Numerical Investigation","authors":"Qilong Song, Dong Su, Ruixiao Zhang, Yijun Tan, Xiangsheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/nag.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70299","url":null,"abstract":"For inclined tunnels, the longitudinal inclination angle plays a crucial role in influencing the pressure gradient within the chamber, causing substantial pressure fluctuations and thereby elevating the risk of instability during shield tunneling. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the impact of the inclination angle on tunnel face stability. In this study, the FEM was initially adopted to examine the effect of varying inclination angles on the failure process and mechanism in soft soil reinforced by three‐shaft stirring piles (TSP). Theoretical models of morphological evolution relative to inclination angle were developed based on the limit equilibrium method (LEM), namely the depression angle reinforcement model (DR model, <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> < 0), flat angle reinforcement model (FR model, <jats:italic>α =</jats:italic> 0), and elevation angle reinforcement model (ER model, <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> > 0). The proposed models were validated by comparing them to relevant theoretical models and field monitoring data. The key findings of this study are as follows: (1) Limit support pressure (LSP) was observed to increase linearly with the inclination angle, indicating that a depression angle ( <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> < 0) is more favorable for maintaining tunnel face stability compared to an elevation angle ( <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> > 0); (2) LSP was found to be inversely proportional to cohesion ( <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> ) and the friction angle ( <jats:italic>φ</jats:italic> ) while being directly proportional to both the buried depth ratio ( <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> / <jats:italic>D</jats:italic> ) and the normalized additional load ( <jats:italic> σ <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> </jats:italic> / <jats:italic>γD</jats:italic> ); and (3) predicted pressure provides a relatively accurate and reasonable warning value for chamber pressure during the construction of the Zhuhai Mangzhou Cross‐Sea Tunnel.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arianna Lupattelli, Diana Salciarini, Alessandro F. Rotta Loria
The subsurface is increasingly exploited to host energy, utilities, and infrastructure systems that interact with surrounding soils and rocks through their thermal and functional operation. Prominent examples are provided by energy geostructures, district heating networks, buried power cables, steam and water pipes, and underground nuclear waste repositories. Many of these systems incorporate cylindrical cavities and operate under varying thermal conditions, thereby influencing the thermo‐mechanical state of the surrounding ground. While advanced numerical simulations have significantly improved understanding of these processes, their complexity and computational cost restrict their use in engineering practice. By contrast, analytical models offer computational efficiency and theoretical rigor, but limited analytical solutions are currently available to address the analysis of cavity‐type systems involving non‐isothermal conditions and interconnected mechanical interactions with the ground. To address this gap, this study introduces an analytical model that extends the classical cavity expansion theory to non‐isothermal conditions. The formulation integrates thermo‐elastic effects under both steady‐state and transient regimes, enabling the prediction of stress, strain, and displacement distributions induced by temperature variations around a cylindrical cavity. Validation against finite element simulations confirms the reliability of the proposed analytical approach across a range of subsurface conditions. The analytical model provides a practical and theoretically robust tool that overcomes the daunting resources required by multiphysical numerical modeling approaches.
{"title":"Analytical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Deformation Around a Circular Cavity in Elastic Ground","authors":"Arianna Lupattelli, Diana Salciarini, Alessandro F. Rotta Loria","doi":"10.1002/nag.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70295","url":null,"abstract":"The subsurface is increasingly exploited to host energy, utilities, and infrastructure systems that interact with surrounding soils and rocks through their thermal and functional operation. Prominent examples are provided by energy geostructures, district heating networks, buried power cables, steam and water pipes, and underground nuclear waste repositories. Many of these systems incorporate cylindrical cavities and operate under varying thermal conditions, thereby influencing the thermo‐mechanical state of the surrounding ground. While advanced numerical simulations have significantly improved understanding of these processes, their complexity and computational cost restrict their use in engineering practice. By contrast, analytical models offer computational efficiency and theoretical rigor, but limited analytical solutions are currently available to address the analysis of cavity‐type systems involving non‐isothermal conditions and interconnected mechanical interactions with the ground. To address this gap, this study introduces an analytical model that extends the classical cavity expansion theory to non‐isothermal conditions. The formulation integrates thermo‐elastic effects under both steady‐state and transient regimes, enabling the prediction of stress, strain, and displacement distributions induced by temperature variations around a cylindrical cavity. Validation against finite element simulations confirms the reliability of the proposed analytical approach across a range of subsurface conditions. The analytical model provides a practical and theoretically robust tool that overcomes the daunting resources required by multiphysical numerical modeling approaches.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanjun Zhang, Yueguan Yan, Xugang Lian, Shengliang Wang, Jiayuan Kong
The scale characteristics of ground fissures exhibit documented variations globally, with field investigations proving inadequate to comprehensively assess the influence of mining parameters and topographical conditions. To address this limitation, large‐scale numerical simulations using the discrete element method (DEM) were employed to examine the effects of depth–thickness ratio, loose layer–bedrock ratio, surface slope, and working face advancing speed on fissure characteristics. DEM validation confirms its capability to accurately replicate fissure types (tensile, step, and collapse), overlying strata failure height (3.5%, relative error [RE]), and surface subsidence evolution (2.9%, RE). Maximum fissure width, average penetration, and average advanced distance demonstrate statistically significant correlations with the examined parameters, conforming to linear, exponential, and quadratic polynomial relationships. Building upon soil mechanics principles, prediction models were derived, these yield REs of 7.1% for fissure location, 4.9% for depth, and 0.9% for average advanced angle. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by establishing quantitative relationships between causative factors and scale characteristics while developing practical prediction methodologies. These enable engineers to optimize mining plans based on projected land damage assessment.
{"title":"Multifactor Kinematic Characteristics of Mining‐Induced Ground Fissures: Discrete Element Modeling and Prediction Model Validation","authors":"Yanjun Zhang, Yueguan Yan, Xugang Lian, Shengliang Wang, Jiayuan Kong","doi":"10.1002/nag.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70296","url":null,"abstract":"The scale characteristics of ground fissures exhibit documented variations globally, with field investigations proving inadequate to comprehensively assess the influence of mining parameters and topographical conditions. To address this limitation, large‐scale numerical simulations using the discrete element method (DEM) were employed to examine the effects of depth–thickness ratio, loose layer–bedrock ratio, surface slope, and working face advancing speed on fissure characteristics. DEM validation confirms its capability to accurately replicate fissure types (tensile, step, and collapse), overlying strata failure height (3.5%, relative error [RE]), and surface subsidence evolution (2.9%, RE). Maximum fissure width, average penetration, and average advanced distance demonstrate statistically significant correlations with the examined parameters, conforming to linear, exponential, and quadratic polynomial relationships. Building upon soil mechanics principles, prediction models were derived, these yield REs of 7.1% for fissure location, 4.9% for depth, and 0.9% for average advanced angle. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by establishing quantitative relationships between causative factors and scale characteristics while developing practical prediction methodologies. These enable engineers to optimize mining plans based on projected land damage assessment.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soft‐hard interbedded rock formations present significant challenges to tunnel stability due to their pronounced lithological heterogeneity and complex coupled hydro‐mechanical behaviors. This study develops a coupled hydro‐mechanical phase field model to investigate damage evolution and seepage behavior in porous elastoplastic geomaterials. The plastic deformation of the solid skeleton is described using the Drucker–Prager yield criterion, and an improved volumetric‐deviatoric strain energy decomposition that accounts for initial geostress is introduced to prevent spurious damage under high compressive stress states. The model is implemented in ABAQUS through user‐defined element (UEL) and user‐defined material (UMAT) subroutines, utilizing a staggered solution scheme. The proposed framework is validated against analytical solutions and experimental benchmarks. It is subsequently applied to tunnel excavation in soft‐hard interbedded formations with varying bedding angles. The results demonstrate that excavation‐induced damage localizes preferentially along soft interbeds and is primarily governed by plastic deformation, leading to a permeability enhancement of several orders of magnitude and a strongly coupled evolution of pore pressure. The bedding angle significantly influences the spatial distribution of damage, displacement, and pore pressure, inducing asymmetric mechanical and hydraulic responses that intensify with increasing bedding inclination. Maximum tunnel deformation and lining tensile stress occur at a bedding angle of 45°. Furthermore, the pore water pressure in the tunnel near‐field exhibits a two‐stage evolution characterized by rapid post‐excavation dissipation followed by gradual stabilization, with the direction of dissipation governed by bedding‐controlled permeability anisotropy.
{"title":"Phase Field Modeling of Elastoplastic Damage Evolution in Soft‐Hard Interbedded Rock Tunnels Under Hydro‐Mechanical Coupling","authors":"Zijun Lan, Weizhong Chen, Jingqiang Yuan, Jianshu Xu, Qingyong Wang, Feilong Liu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70297","url":null,"abstract":"Soft‐hard interbedded rock formations present significant challenges to tunnel stability due to their pronounced lithological heterogeneity and complex coupled hydro‐mechanical behaviors. This study develops a coupled hydro‐mechanical phase field model to investigate damage evolution and seepage behavior in porous elastoplastic geomaterials. The plastic deformation of the solid skeleton is described using the Drucker–Prager yield criterion, and an improved volumetric‐deviatoric strain energy decomposition that accounts for initial geostress is introduced to prevent spurious damage under high compressive stress states. The model is implemented in ABAQUS through user‐defined element (UEL) and user‐defined material (UMAT) subroutines, utilizing a staggered solution scheme. The proposed framework is validated against analytical solutions and experimental benchmarks. It is subsequently applied to tunnel excavation in soft‐hard interbedded formations with varying bedding angles. The results demonstrate that excavation‐induced damage localizes preferentially along soft interbeds and is primarily governed by plastic deformation, leading to a permeability enhancement of several orders of magnitude and a strongly coupled evolution of pore pressure. The bedding angle significantly influences the spatial distribution of damage, displacement, and pore pressure, inducing asymmetric mechanical and hydraulic responses that intensify with increasing bedding inclination. Maximum tunnel deformation and lining tensile stress occur at a bedding angle of 45°. Furthermore, the pore water pressure in the tunnel near‐field exhibits a two‐stage evolution characterized by rapid post‐excavation dissipation followed by gradual stabilization, with the direction of dissipation governed by bedding‐controlled permeability anisotropy.","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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