International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health最新文献

Drawing from the socio-ecological model, this study examined the relationships between child, family, and neighborhood/community factors and self-regulation among five subgroups of adolescents aged 12-17 years with developmental challenges and delays (Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder, developmental delay, learning disability, and intellectual disability). Data for this study came from the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative dataset (n=3,181). Using multiple regression analyses, we found that not all five subgroups of adolescents shared similar experiences. In sum, having good health and health insurance was positively associated with self-regulation, while adverse childhood experiences and being bullied were negatively linked to self-regulation. Family and neighborhood/community-related variables that were positively related to adolescents' self-regulation consisted of parent-child closeness, having college-educated parents, household food security, and parents' knowledge of where to obtain help in their neighborhood. Family variables negatively associated with adolescents' self-regulation included living in two-parent households and receiving public assistance, but only for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Socio-demographic variables significantly linked to adolescents' self-regulation were biological sex, age, Hispanic ethnicity, and race. Future research and practice should focus on identifying and addressing the diverse ecological factors influencing adolescents' social-emotional development to improve behavioral outcomes and support their transition to adulthood.

Objectives: Problematic gaming behavior has been an issue in many countries, raising the need for assessment tools. The Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) by Lemmens et al. is widely used for assessing game addiction and has been adopted for use in various countries. The GASA consists of 21 items covering several criteria of game addiction: salience, tolerance, mood modification, relapse, withdrawal, conflict, and problems. The present study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the GASA when applied to Malaysian adolescents.

Methods: The study was conducted in two phases (reliability assessment for phase 1 and validity assessment for phase 2). The Malay version of the Game Addiction Scale was created using a forward-translation procedure with the help of panelists consisting of researchers and educators from the fields of Psychology, Medicine, and Education to translate from English to Malay. The participants of the study were presented with both versions (Malay and English) during the data collection process. The study checked content validity with the help of 33 panelists and reliability based on the scores of 116 participants who spent at least 1 h and up to 6 h per week playing games.

Results: The reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and provided high reliability ranging from 0.671 to 0.903 for all criteria. All criteria scored higher than 0.8 except for relapse (α=0.788) and problems (α=0.671) criteria, indicating that the instrument provides high reliability. The findings from the study show acceptable content validity with high I-CVI values ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 and an S-CVI/Ave value of 0.80. Internal consistency was excellent (α=0.949) and the Content Validity Index (I-CVI) was high for most items.

Conclusions: The results suggest that GASA is suitable for application among adolescents in Malaysia.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to compare the level of sensitivity of body mass index (BMI) or waist-height ratio (WHtR) in identifying physically determinable adiposity levels that are considered to be landmarks for commencing intervention to prevent more sinister cardio-metabolic risks among schizophrenia patients receiving olanzapine.

Methods: The study was a descriptive crossectional one among patients with schizophrenia recieving olanzapine and healthy volunteers as controls. Key measurement of anthropological parameters were compared between the population.

Results: Our findings revealed significantly higher rates of abnormal body mass index (BMI) (X²=17.06, p=0.000036; OR=4.58, CI=2.16-9.74) and abnormal waist-height ratio (WHtR) (X²=35.57, p=2.46E-9; OR=6.37, CI=3.39-12.00) among the schizophrenia patients compared to the healthy volunteers. Notably, BMI identified 43.3 % of the schizophrenia patients as having concerning weight changes, whereas WHtR identified 64.7 %, indicating that WHtR is a more sensitive measure. This discrepancy means that an additional 21.4 % of schizophrenia patients would benefit from weight management guidance based on WHtR rather than BMI.

Conclusion: Our results underscore the critical importance of WHtR in assessing adiposity among schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine, highlighting its value as a tool for monitoring and managing cardiometabolic risks in this population.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted child and adolescent mental health. The study outcome was the evaluation of the pandemic impact on adolescents' hospitalizations in an acute psychiatric ward.

Methods: With an observational and retrospective design, we collected selected variables among adolescents hospitalized in an acute psychiatric ward from 01/07/2017 to 30/06/2022. Data were statistically processed.

Results: Our sample consisted of 118 minors with an average age of 15.7 ± 1.2 SD, mostly represented by females (61 %) and Italians (60.2 %), who made 204 hospitalizations in the study period. The admissions by years drastically decreased in 2020 concomitantly with the lockdown and increased in the first half of 2022. The admission rate was higher in winter and spring, except in 2020 when all admissions decreased (p=0.000). Females more frequently were hospitalized for suicidal behavior and acute anxiety (p=0.000) and were discharged with acute stress reactions, eating disorders, and mood disorder diagnoses (p=0.000). Differently, males more frequently were hospitalized for aggressive behavior (p=0.000) and discharged with ADHD diagnosis (p=0.000). At multiple linear regression, the duration of hospitalization (dependent variable) was negatively associated with "the pandemic period" (p=0.017) and "absent aggressive behavior" (p=0.003), and positively with "autism" diagnosis (p=0.000).

Conclusions: We highlighted the more stressful impact of COVID-19 pandemic on female adolescents, who required more frequently psychiatric hospitalizations due to suicidal behavior, anxiety and mood disorders.

Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is contentious due to societal and religious taboos in the Javanese Muslim community and being misunderstood as a potential catalyst for the premarital sex of unmarried adolescents. The existing practice of SRH education cannot guarantee reliable information about adolescent sexuality. The research aims to understand the intergenerational perception of SRH education conducted at high schools, which has not been comprehensively researched. This qualitative study was conducted in 2016 to explore the perspectives of adults and adolescents regarding school-based SRH education. Focus group discussions and individual interviews were used for data collection, while data analysis was conducted using a feminist perspective.

Content: The study identified gaps in the delivery of SRH education among Javanese Muslim, Indonesia. SRH education had not adequately addressed how adults and adolescents perceived sexuality as taboo due to moral panic about premarital sex and societal expectations placed on girls to maintain their virginity. Peer counsellors, responsible for imparting SRH information and facilitating communication with adolescents, reproduced adult moral values toward their peers, leading to a reluctance among adolescents to share their issues. Consequently, SRH education failed to reach those experiencing unwanted pregnancy or a toxic intimate relationship.

Summary and outlook: The results of the study indicate the need to challenge intergenerational perceptions regarding sexuality and gender expectations to promote a positive gender perspective within SRH education in Indonesia.

Objectives: Assessment of the relationship between dietary patterns and menstrual disorders among female medical and paramedical students at Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Methods: Beni-Suef University conducted a cross-sectional analytical questionnaire-based study. Three hundred fifty two female medical and paramedical students agreed to participate in the study. The collected data about demographics, physical activity, menstrual history, and dietary assessment were transferred to SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis. A p value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The prevalence of irregular cycles, heavy blood flow, severe dysmenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was found to be (21.9 %), (13.1 %), (35.5 %), and (68.9 %), respectively. Poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet (40.1 %) and physical activity (69.9 %) was present. Females with irregular cycles (p=0.472), heavy menstrual blood flow (p=0.007), and severe dysmenorrhea (p=0.029) reported lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Mothers' educational level (p=0.034), family income (p=0.005), and family size (p=0.009) were significantly associated with dietary adherence.

Conclusions: Poor adherence to regular physical activity and the Mediterranean diet is highly prevalent in our research and is highly associated with menstruation disorders. So, it is critical to support health education programs emphasizing healthy dietary habits and regular physical activity to improve menstrual health and women's quality of life.

Objectives: Adolescence is an important transition phase and the burden of anemia among adolescent school-going children is not well explored. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of anemia among school-going adolescent girls and to explore their awareness on anemia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 adolescent girls studying in a residential school of Bibinagar village, Telangana. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data. Hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using TrueHb. Data was entered into excel and was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

Results: The mean (±SD) age of the adolescent girls was 13.8 (±0.99) years. About 74.2 % of the girls were in 12-14 years' age group. About 91.7 % had attained menarche. The prevalence of anemia was 81.6 % with a mean (±SD) Hb of 9.5 (±2.7) g/dl among adolescent girls. Among the adolescent girls, 32.7 % had severe anemia, 31.8 % had moderate anemia and 17.1 % had mild anemia. About 86.2 % adolescent girls had heard of anemia while 60.8 % adolescent girls felt that anemia is preventable and only 27.6 % were aware about iron-rich foods. About 38 % of adolescent girls were not aware of any causes of anemia.

Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia was very high among the school-going adolescent girls of rural Telangana. The awareness regarding causes of anemia and iron-rich foods was low among study adolescent girls. Thus, there is a dire need to conduct frequent Test, Treat and Talk (T3) Anemia camps in schools through district school health program.

Objectives: To assess screen time and its correlates among adolescents in selected rural areas of Puducherry.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among adolescents aged 10-19 years visiting the Pediatrics and other departments at Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences (SLIMS), Puducherry. The sample size of 164 was determined based on previous studies, with a systematic random sampling technique used for participant selection. Data collection involved a semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, screen time, sleep, dietary, and physical activity patterns. Increased screen time was defined as more than 2 h per day, and adequate physical activity was considered as at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercises. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 17, with associations tested using Chi-square analysis and a significance level set at p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 18.2 (0.9) years, with 86 % in the 16-19 years age group. Males comprised 53.7 %, and 66.5 % were from rural areas. The mean screen time was 4.4 (1.5) hours per day, with 79.1 % exceeding the recommended limit. Mobile phones were the most frequently used devices (92.7 %), primarily for watching movies (51.8 %) and videos (23.8 %). Increased screen time was significantly associated with younger age (10-15 years), urban residence, and school-going status. Adolescents with increased screen time exhibited lower physical activity and inadequate sleep. Additionally, increased consumption of packaged foods was observed among those with higher screen time.

Conclusions: More than three-fourths of the adolescents exceeded the recommended screen time, negatively impacting their physical activity and sleep. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier lifestyle choices among adolescents in rural Puducherry.

Objectives: To evaluate an association between eating patterns and sleep quality in Chilean university students.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. Participants included students from 4 Chilean universities. Each student was administered survey Questionnaire on the frequency of healthy and unhealthy eating habits and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and their weight and height were taken to obtain the Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results: A total of 1,079 young university students, 80.26 % were women and the average age was 21.7 years. The 73.68 % have inadequate sleep quality. There is a significant differences in frequency between sleep quality and the intake of breakfast (p<0.001), fish (p<0.05) and dinner (p<0.05), that is, university students who reported optimal sleep consume breakfast and dinner on a daily basis and their fish intake is in line with nutritional recommendations. With respect to the association between sleep quality and healthy dietary patterns, it is observed a significant association (p<0.01) between optimal sleep and daily breakfast consumption in model 3 (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.61 (0.46-0.82)). Regarding unhealthy dietary patterns, a significant association (p<0.05) is observed in model 3 between sleep quality and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.42 (1.02-1.96)). Furthermore, a significant association between optimal sleep and salt consumption is observed in both model 2 (OR: 0.73 (0.54-0.99)) and model 3 (OR: 0.72 (0.53-0.97)). Finally, a significant relationship between not tobacco use and optimal sleep is observed (OR: 0.68 (0.48-0.96)).

Conclusion: A positive relationship between healthy diet and sleep quality was observed in university students, which certain dietary patterns, such as the consumption of breakfast and low salt consumption and alcohol, are crucial to talk about a good sleep quality in this population group.

Objectives: To assess adolescents' attitudes, satisfaction, and practices regarding their body image across body mass index (BMI) categories.

Methods: In this cross-sectional survey (2019-2020), we recorded anthropometry of 2,089 girls and boys between 13 and 17 years from semi-urban schools in western India. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for multidimensional attitudinal assessment of body image and weight-related variables. The Stunkard scale was used to assess body shape perception.

Results: In higher age categories, boys were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.012, p linearity=0.001), cared more about grooming (p=0.007, p linearity=0.001), and regarded themselves more physically fit (p=0.003, p linearity 0.030 up to 16 years). Boys with normal BMI were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.001), fitness (p=0.024), and more alert about symptoms of illness (p<0.000) than others. With increasing BMI, older girls and boys were more preoccupied with their weight and perceived themselves to be heavier (p=0.001). A majority of underweight girls perceived their weight as normal. Students engaged in weight loss practices irrespective of their BMI category. Boys wanted a bigger, and girls a smaller body shape than their current shape. We found body shape dissatisfaction in 66.4 % adolescents, more in boys than in girls (p=0.001).

Conclusions: Body shape dissatisfaction is quite common among semiurban adolescents, with boys outnumbering girls. BMI, age, and sex are associated with weight perception and attitude toward body image. Unindicated weight loss practices are prevalent.