Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233571
Luh Ayu Made Paramita Dwisari Putri, A. A. I. S. K. Dewi
Liver abscess is a form of infection in the liver, which is characterized by the presence of pus covered by fibrous tissue in the liver parenchyma. This condition is a rare, but potential life-threatening liver infection, especially if not treated properly. DM is one of the most predisposing factors for liver abscess, especially pyogenic liver abscess. Its prevalence reaches more than 25% of all cases of liver abscess. Pathophysiological mechanisms of DM that can cause liver abscess might include harmful effects of hyperglycemia, general diabetic angiopathy, and decreased immunity. We presented the case of an elderly male patient with multiple liver abscess who had a history of type 2 DM with poorly controlled. Through this case will shows multiple liver abscess patients with comorbid type 2 DM and hyperglycemic stage who received antibiotic treatment with good response of therapy.
{"title":"Liver abscess in patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report","authors":"Luh Ayu Made Paramita Dwisari Putri, A. A. I. S. K. Dewi","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233571","url":null,"abstract":"Liver abscess is a form of infection in the liver, which is characterized by the presence of pus covered by fibrous tissue in the liver parenchyma. This condition is a rare, but potential life-threatening liver infection, especially if not treated properly. DM is one of the most predisposing factors for liver abscess, especially pyogenic liver abscess. Its prevalence reaches more than 25% of all cases of liver abscess. Pathophysiological mechanisms of DM that can cause liver abscess might include harmful effects of hyperglycemia, general diabetic angiopathy, and decreased immunity. We presented the case of an elderly male patient with multiple liver abscess who had a history of type 2 DM with poorly controlled. Through this case will shows multiple liver abscess patients with comorbid type 2 DM and hyperglycemic stage who received antibiotic treatment with good response of therapy.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"831 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233564
Manik Parmelia, I. M. Juliana
Background: Hyperglycaemia has been shown to be associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This study aims to find the effect of hyperglycaemia on disease severity and investigate whether high blood glucose levels on admission can predict severity of COVID-19 infection Methods: in this cross-sectional study, a total of 286 COVID-19 patients in Tabanan general hospital, Bali were retrospectively analysed. Data were obtained from medical records from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Hyperglycaemia was defined as random blood glucose (RBG) >140 mg/dl. The severity of COVID-19 was determined according to the 4th edition of the Indonesian COVID-19 management guidelines. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify optimal admission plasma glucose levels to predict COVID-19 severity. Results: 47.2% of subjects had hyperglycaemia at admission, 67.5% experienced severe COVID-19, of which 68.4% died. Admission RBG values were positively correlated with leukocyte and NLR values. In ROC analysis, admission RBG >145 mg/dl can predict severe COVID-19 with sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 76% (AUC 0.663, p<0.01). Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 and impose a significantly higher mortality rate compared to normoglycemic patients regardless of diabetic status. Early measurement of plasma glucose levels upon admission can help identify patients who are likely to experience a worse clinical course.
{"title":"Hyperglycaemia in predicting severe COVID-19 at Tabanan general hospital, Bali","authors":"Manik Parmelia, I. M. Juliana","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233564","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperglycaemia has been shown to be associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This study aims to find the effect of hyperglycaemia on disease severity and investigate whether high blood glucose levels on admission can predict severity of COVID-19 infection Methods: in this cross-sectional study, a total of 286 COVID-19 patients in Tabanan general hospital, Bali were retrospectively analysed. Data were obtained from medical records from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Hyperglycaemia was defined as random blood glucose (RBG) >140 mg/dl. The severity of COVID-19 was determined according to the 4th edition of the Indonesian COVID-19 management guidelines. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify optimal admission plasma glucose levels to predict COVID-19 severity. Results: 47.2% of subjects had hyperglycaemia at admission, 67.5% experienced severe COVID-19, of which 68.4% died. Admission RBG values were positively correlated with leukocyte and NLR values. In ROC analysis, admission RBG >145 mg/dl can predict severe COVID-19 with sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 76% (AUC 0.663, p<0.01). Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 and impose a significantly higher mortality rate compared to normoglycemic patients regardless of diabetic status. Early measurement of plasma glucose levels upon admission can help identify patients who are likely to experience a worse clinical course.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"34 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are discussing a case report of 70-year-old male patient with craniopharyngioma who presented with complaint of high grade fever and altered sensorium with presence of meningeal irritation signs and papilledema in fundus examination. MRI 3D brain showed elongated lobulated mass lesion in the suprasellar region. It mostly occurs in young age before 20 years of age with features of headache, projectile vomiting and signs of raised intracranial pressure but there is possibility of its occurrence in older age group. It arises from embryologic squamous epithelial remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct or Rathke’s pouch. It develops near the hypothalamus near the pituitary gland that controls growth and many body functions. Usually, they are benign but can be malignant sometimes as they can cause serious problems by interfering with neuroendocrine structures or neuropsychological complications. There are only few cases of craniopharyngioma in old age patients worldwide.
{"title":"Craniopharyngioma in adults: a case report","authors":"Avtar S. Dhanju, Nisha Narang, Manavdeep Kaur, Rishabh Rikhye, Pankaj Jassal, Adab Alwinder Singh","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233575","url":null,"abstract":"We are discussing a case report of 70-year-old male patient with craniopharyngioma who presented with complaint of high grade fever and altered sensorium with presence of meningeal irritation signs and papilledema in fundus examination. MRI 3D brain showed elongated lobulated mass lesion in the suprasellar region. It mostly occurs in young age before 20 years of age with features of headache, projectile vomiting and signs of raised intracranial pressure but there is possibility of its occurrence in older age group. It arises from embryologic squamous epithelial remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct or Rathke’s pouch. It develops near the hypothalamus near the pituitary gland that controls growth and many body functions. Usually, they are benign but can be malignant sometimes as they can cause serious problems by interfering with neuroendocrine structures or neuropsychological complications. There are only few cases of craniopharyngioma in old age patients worldwide.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"242 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233568
Adarsh S. Sagolsem, J. S. Akoijam, N. Yumnam, Ningthemba S. Yumnam, Bhupes Pheiroijam, Rajankumar Lisham, Purnimala C. Kongkham, Sobhasini D. Laimujam, Ramkumar R.
Tarlov cysts (also known as meningeal cysts or perineural cysts) are fluid-filled sacs that are usually found at the bottom of the spine (the sacrum). The cysts appear in the roots of the nerves that grow out of the spinal cord. Majority of the tarlov cysts are often asymptomatic and hence not considered as part of the differential diagnosis for the treatment of low back pain. However, in some cases, tarlov cysts may be large enough to be symptomatic and as a result be a cause of disability and distress especially in physically active individuals. We report 5 cases of symptomatic tarlov cysts in physically active individuals with clinical presentations of persistent disabling low back pain with radiating pain in some individuals. In the first 3 cases, the tarlov cysts were large enough and the patients had to undergo ultrasound guided aspiration of the cysts while the other 2 cases were treated with epidural injections and conservative management.
{"title":"Tarlov cysts among sportspersons: a case series","authors":"Adarsh S. Sagolsem, J. S. Akoijam, N. Yumnam, Ningthemba S. Yumnam, Bhupes Pheiroijam, Rajankumar Lisham, Purnimala C. Kongkham, Sobhasini D. Laimujam, Ramkumar R.","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233568","url":null,"abstract":"Tarlov cysts (also known as meningeal cysts or perineural cysts) are fluid-filled sacs that are usually found at the bottom of the spine (the sacrum). The cysts appear in the roots of the nerves that grow out of the spinal cord. Majority of the tarlov cysts are often asymptomatic and hence not considered as part of the differential diagnosis for the treatment of low back pain. However, in some cases, tarlov cysts may be large enough to be symptomatic and as a result be a cause of disability and distress especially in physically active individuals. We report 5 cases of symptomatic tarlov cysts in physically active individuals with clinical presentations of persistent disabling low back pain with radiating pain in some individuals. In the first 3 cases, the tarlov cysts were large enough and the patients had to undergo ultrasound guided aspiration of the cysts while the other 2 cases were treated with epidural injections and conservative management.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233574
Aditya S. Bhushan, Shashi Bhushan B. L., A. R.
A 34-year-old male came with complaints of cough with copious yellowish expectoration, hemoptysis, difficulty in breathing and constitutional symptoms like fever, loss of weight and anorexia. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was done which showed left sided empyema likely secondary to rupture of left upper lobe lung abscess. The case was proceeded with fiber-optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage which showed narrowed bronchial openings on both sides. BAL analysis showed total cell count of 1500 cells/mm3 with 70% neutrophils, 5% lymphocytes and 25% of epithelial cells and macrophages. Culture showed Klebsiella species and antibiotics were escalated according to sensitivity pattern. Intercostal drain with under water seal was inserted on left side and thick pus was drained and sent for analysis. Anti-tubercular treatment was started. Due to persistent drainage of pus, intra pleural administration of Streptomycin was done for 30 days. Patient was monitored with serial chest X-rays and relevant blood investigations. Good clinicoradiological resolution was noted.
{"title":"A case report on intrapleural administration of antibiotic in tuberculous empyema","authors":"Aditya S. Bhushan, Shashi Bhushan B. L., A. R.","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233574","url":null,"abstract":"A 34-year-old male came with complaints of cough with copious yellowish expectoration, hemoptysis, difficulty in breathing and constitutional symptoms like fever, loss of weight and anorexia. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was done which showed left sided empyema likely secondary to rupture of left upper lobe lung abscess. The case was proceeded with fiber-optic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage which showed narrowed bronchial openings on both sides. BAL analysis showed total cell count of 1500 cells/mm3 with 70% neutrophils, 5% lymphocytes and 25% of epithelial cells and macrophages. Culture showed Klebsiella species and antibiotics were escalated according to sensitivity pattern. Intercostal drain with under water seal was inserted on left side and thick pus was drained and sent for analysis. Anti-tubercular treatment was started. Due to persistent drainage of pus, intra pleural administration of Streptomycin was done for 30 days. Patient was monitored with serial chest X-rays and relevant blood investigations. Good clinicoradiological resolution was noted.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"93 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233567
Prashant Kulkarni, Sasikumar Menon
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) frequently affects reproductive-age women, pregnant women, and children of growing age, particularly in developing countries like India. Traditional oral iron supplementation has various side effects, and therefore, liposomal technology has been introduced. This study compared serum iron levels in healthy adult female subjects treated with Tasiron tablets containing 30 mg (elemental iron) of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate, with those administered with tablets containing 100 mg (elemental iron) of ferrous ascorbate, over 15 days. The test group (n=7) received 30 mg of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate and the control group (n=7) received 100 mg of ferrous ascorbate. Serum levels of iron, hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin were measured from samples collected on days 1, 8, and 16 of the treatment periods. Higher iron content and hemoglobin levels were found at day 16 (p<0.05) and day 8 (p<0.05) as compared to day 1 in both groups. The test group received one-third the dose of iron that was administered to the control group. The group receiving 100 mg ferrous ascorbate had higher ferritin levels at day 8 (p<0.01) and day 16 (p<0.01) as compared to day 1. In the group receiving ferrous ascorbate, transferrin levels decreased on day 8 and 16. In contrast, there was an increase in transferrin levels in the group receiving liposomal iron. Oral liposomal iron effectively increases iron content and hemoglobin levels at one-third the concentration as compared to ferrous ascorbate. Further studies on larger numbers with a longer follow-up are required.
{"title":"A randomized open-label study to compare iron content in the blood of healthy subjects treated with Tasiron tablets containing ferric di-phosphate as compared to tablets containing ferrous ascorbate","authors":"Prashant Kulkarni, Sasikumar Menon","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233567","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) frequently affects reproductive-age women, pregnant women, and children of growing age, particularly in developing countries like India. Traditional oral iron supplementation has various side effects, and therefore, liposomal technology has been introduced. This study compared serum iron levels in healthy adult female subjects treated with Tasiron tablets containing 30 mg (elemental iron) of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate, with those administered with tablets containing 100 mg (elemental iron) of ferrous ascorbate, over 15 days. The test group (n=7) received 30 mg of micronized liposomal ferric di-phosphate and the control group (n=7) received 100 mg of ferrous ascorbate. Serum levels of iron, hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin were measured from samples collected on days 1, 8, and 16 of the treatment periods. Higher iron content and hemoglobin levels were found at day 16 (p<0.05) and day 8 (p<0.05) as compared to day 1 in both groups. The test group received one-third the dose of iron that was administered to the control group. The group receiving 100 mg ferrous ascorbate had higher ferritin levels at day 8 (p<0.01) and day 16 (p<0.01) as compared to day 1. In the group receiving ferrous ascorbate, transferrin levels decreased on day 8 and 16. In contrast, there was an increase in transferrin levels in the group receiving liposomal iron. Oral liposomal iron effectively increases iron content and hemoglobin levels at one-third the concentration as compared to ferrous ascorbate. Further studies on larger numbers with a longer follow-up are required.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"305 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233570
Priyal Tiwari, P. Renjen, D. Chaudhari
The establishment of a temporal association between a hybrid of headache and epilepsy is essential for correct diagnosis and management of headache. Epilepsy-associated headaches (such as migralepsy, hemicrania epileptica, post ictal headache and ictal epileptic headaches) may be similar to the patients' usual headache or may be a new type of headache. The location of headaches is unrelated to the EEG localization of epileptic aura or ictal discharges. The only established association of location of headaches and epilepsy is seen in cases of migraine with a visual aura which seems to precede few instances of occipital epilepsy. EEG helps to distinguish epileptic headache from non-epileptic headache during ictus (convulsive or non-convulsive). Hemicrania epileptica is a rare type of EEG-demonstrated ictal epileptic headache characterized by migrainous features (such as unilateral, throbbing pain associated with nausea, vomiting, scintillating scotomas, and flashing lights) occurring during an ictal EEG. We should watch for migrainous visual auras (flashing lights and scintillating scotomas) and distinguish them from occipital lobe seizures (aura including visual hallucinations) with the help of clinical features and simultaneous demonstration of ictus on EEG. We report a case of a 28-year-old female presenting with a new headache as a sole feature of posterior lobe non-epileptic seizure. Early diagnosis of painful seizures leads to timely treatment of the episodic headaches using anti-epileptic therapy.
{"title":"Ictal epileptic headache in young female","authors":"Priyal Tiwari, P. Renjen, D. Chaudhari","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233570","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of a temporal association between a hybrid of headache and epilepsy is essential for correct diagnosis and management of headache. Epilepsy-associated headaches (such as migralepsy, hemicrania epileptica, post ictal headache and ictal epileptic headaches) may be similar to the patients' usual headache or may be a new type of headache. The location of headaches is unrelated to the EEG localization of epileptic aura or ictal discharges. The only established association of location of headaches and epilepsy is seen in cases of migraine with a visual aura which seems to precede few instances of occipital epilepsy. EEG helps to distinguish epileptic headache from non-epileptic headache during ictus (convulsive or non-convulsive). Hemicrania epileptica is a rare type of EEG-demonstrated ictal epileptic headache characterized by migrainous features (such as unilateral, throbbing pain associated with nausea, vomiting, scintillating scotomas, and flashing lights) occurring during an ictal EEG. We should watch for migrainous visual auras (flashing lights and scintillating scotomas) and distinguish them from occipital lobe seizures (aura including visual hallucinations) with the help of clinical features and simultaneous demonstration of ictus on EEG. We report a case of a 28-year-old female presenting with a new headache as a sole feature of posterior lobe non-epileptic seizure. Early diagnosis of painful seizures leads to timely treatment of the episodic headaches using anti-epileptic therapy.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"118 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233565
Naushad Akhtar, P. Paul, Tapas Kumar, Uttam K. Paul
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood supply to the heart. In India, CAD has become a major public health issue, particularly in the North Eastern Zone. This study aims to illuminate CAD, its causes, and its unique prevalence patterns within India, with a specific focus on the North Eastern Zone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India's North Eastern Zone. A sample of 154 patients with coronary artery disease was selected through structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, vital signs assessments, and 12-lead ECGs. Data analysis was done with proper equipment. Results: The study revealed an overall CAD prevalence of 4.24% among 2468 patients attending the Medicine OPD. Males had a higher prevalence across age groups, except for the 20-30-year-olds, where no females participated. Urban areas exhibited a significantly higher CAD prevalence (68.83%) compared to rural areas (31.17%). Statistically significant gender differences were observed in several risk factors, with males more likely to exhibit hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and ischemic heart disease. Urban residents also showed a higher prevalence of various CAD risk factors compared to rural residents, except for alcohol consumption, which was more common in rural areas. Conclusions: The findings corroborate existing literature, highlighting gender disparities and urban-rural differences in CAD prevalence and risk factors. This study contributes valuable insights into CAD epidemiology in India, particularly in the North Eastern Zone.
{"title":"Prevalence of coronary artery disease and the associated risk factors among the patients attending the medicine department in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the North Eastern Zone in India","authors":"Naushad Akhtar, P. Paul, Tapas Kumar, Uttam K. Paul","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the narrowing or obstruction of coronary arteries, leading to inadequate blood supply to the heart. In India, CAD has become a major public health issue, particularly in the North Eastern Zone. This study aims to illuminate CAD, its causes, and its unique prevalence patterns within India, with a specific focus on the North Eastern Zone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India's North Eastern Zone. A sample of 154 patients with coronary artery disease was selected through structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, vital signs assessments, and 12-lead ECGs. Data analysis was done with proper equipment. Results: The study revealed an overall CAD prevalence of 4.24% among 2468 patients attending the Medicine OPD. Males had a higher prevalence across age groups, except for the 20-30-year-olds, where no females participated. Urban areas exhibited a significantly higher CAD prevalence (68.83%) compared to rural areas (31.17%). Statistically significant gender differences were observed in several risk factors, with males more likely to exhibit hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and ischemic heart disease. Urban residents also showed a higher prevalence of various CAD risk factors compared to rural residents, except for alcohol consumption, which was more common in rural areas. Conclusions: The findings corroborate existing literature, highlighting gender disparities and urban-rural differences in CAD prevalence and risk factors. This study contributes valuable insights into CAD epidemiology in India, particularly in the North Eastern Zone.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233573
S. Nair, N. Kasturi, J. P., Mary Stephen
Cavernous vascular anomalies are varied in form, and cavernomas are very rare lesions commonly found in the supra-tentorial region. Eight-and-a-half syndrome includes horizontal gaze palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and facial nerve palsy, which is rare in clinical practice. Etiologies are commonly infarct and demyelination. Cavernomas are space-occupying lesions that can lead to life-threatening complications due to haemorrhage, and cavernomas resulting in "eight-and-a-half syndrome" are extremely rare. We report a case of pontine cavernoma presenting as "eight and half syndrome," which worsened systemically, but with timely intervention, the patient recovered completely with good follow-up and an intact permanent tarsorrhaphy.
{"title":"Eight-and-a-half syndrome in pontine cavernoma: a rare presentation","authors":"S. Nair, N. Kasturi, J. P., Mary Stephen","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233573","url":null,"abstract":"Cavernous vascular anomalies are varied in form, and cavernomas are very rare lesions commonly found in the supra-tentorial region. Eight-and-a-half syndrome includes horizontal gaze palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and facial nerve palsy, which is rare in clinical practice. Etiologies are commonly infarct and demyelination. Cavernomas are space-occupying lesions that can lead to life-threatening complications due to haemorrhage, and cavernomas resulting in \"eight-and-a-half syndrome\" are extremely rare. We report a case of pontine cavernoma presenting as \"eight and half syndrome,\" which worsened systemically, but with timely intervention, the patient recovered completely with good follow-up and an intact permanent tarsorrhaphy.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"128 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139239366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233576
Priyal Tiwari, P. Renjen, D. Chaudhari
Jugular foramen syndrome is an uncommon condition with a wide range of possible causes. We present a rare case of Villaret syndrome as an example of jugular foramen syndrome and illustrate a clinical-radiological approach for diagnosing jugular foramen syndrome. The morphological similarities between mesenchymal tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma and phyllodes seen in our patient make immuno-histochemical (IHC) characterization essential for a definitive diagnosis. Jugular foramen syndromes, including Vernet syndrome, Collet Sicard, Villaret, Tapia, Jackson, and Schmidt, can manifest with multiple cranial nerve deficits in contiguous areas. In our case, the patient exhibited palate paralysis, pharyngeal anesthesia, and Horner's syndrome, thereby highlighting the differential diagnoses of Villaret syndrome and Tapia syndrome.
{"title":"Case of nasopharyngeal metastases presenting with multiple atypical cranial nerve deficits","authors":"Priyal Tiwari, P. Renjen, D. Chaudhari","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233576","url":null,"abstract":"Jugular foramen syndrome is an uncommon condition with a wide range of possible causes. We present a rare case of Villaret syndrome as an example of jugular foramen syndrome and illustrate a clinical-radiological approach for diagnosing jugular foramen syndrome. The morphological similarities between mesenchymal tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma and phyllodes seen in our patient make immuno-histochemical (IHC) characterization essential for a definitive diagnosis. Jugular foramen syndromes, including Vernet syndrome, Collet Sicard, Villaret, Tapia, Jackson, and Schmidt, can manifest with multiple cranial nerve deficits in contiguous areas. In our case, the patient exhibited palate paralysis, pharyngeal anesthesia, and Horner's syndrome, thereby highlighting the differential diagnoses of Villaret syndrome and Tapia syndrome.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"208 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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