Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232839
Joyal Francis, Jithun V. Varghese, Arppana Thomas
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various medical practices, making them more affordable, efficient, and faster. Its uses range from diagnosis, management, monitoring, and outcome forecasting to individualized care. AI technology in psychotherapy can help conditions such as dementia, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia, and due to its image processing, segmentation, and reconstruction capabilities, AI has found applications in a wide range of fields, including the diagnosis of cancer, the treatment of skin lesions, the prediction of metastasis of malignancies, the staging of lung nodules, the identification of COVID-19, and the classification of thyroid tissue. In addition to histopathology images, imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, mammography, fundus imaging, and even photographs can be used to diagnose patients. In this study, we tried to address the current status and future scope of AI to bring substantial upliftment to health care. It is anticipated that human intelligence and AI will coexist in the field of medicine in the future. Modern smart devices collect a huge amount of data that can be used for disease prevention, health promotion, monitoring, and diagnosis in medicine. AI will improve as long as we train them. With the development of sophisticated machinery, robotics, and virtual reality, the healthcare industry is likely to undergo revolutionary changes. AI has performance on par with that of human experts, with the added benefits of scalability and automation. Before becoming fully autonomous in nature, AI systems might need tight supervision due to their lack of training, limited knowledge, and limited flexibility in clinical settings.
{"title":"Impact of artificial intelligence on healthcare","authors":"Joyal Francis, Jithun V. Varghese, Arppana Thomas","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232839","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various medical practices, making them more affordable, efficient, and faster. Its uses range from diagnosis, management, monitoring, and outcome forecasting to individualized care. AI technology in psychotherapy can help conditions such as dementia, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia, and due to its image processing, segmentation, and reconstruction capabilities, AI has found applications in a wide range of fields, including the diagnosis of cancer, the treatment of skin lesions, the prediction of metastasis of malignancies, the staging of lung nodules, the identification of COVID-19, and the classification of thyroid tissue. In addition to histopathology images, imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, mammography, fundus imaging, and even photographs can be used to diagnose patients. In this study, we tried to address the current status and future scope of AI to bring substantial upliftment to health care. It is anticipated that human intelligence and AI will coexist in the field of medicine in the future. Modern smart devices collect a huge amount of data that can be used for disease prevention, health promotion, monitoring, and diagnosis in medicine. AI will improve as long as we train them. With the development of sophisticated machinery, robotics, and virtual reality, the healthcare industry is likely to undergo revolutionary changes. AI has performance on par with that of human experts, with the added benefits of scalability and automation. Before becoming fully autonomous in nature, AI systems might need tight supervision due to their lack of training, limited knowledge, and limited flexibility in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232834
Rakesh Kumar, S. R. Ramakrishnan, Ashwin Kulkarni
Background: This survey aimed to investigate physicians’ perspectives on chronic constipation in patients with comorbidities, diagnosis and management of CC, and preferred laxatives used for treating CC in these patients. Methods: A 32-item, questionnaire-based online survey was conducted among 243 consulting physicians to gather information about CC with comorbidities, diagnosis and management strategies, and preferred laxatives. Results: The survey showed that 10%-39% of patients experienced CC for >3 months as reported by 61.7% of physicians, with diabetes being the most common comorbid condition. Patient noncompliance (93.8%) was identified as the main factor affecting management outcomes. The most preferred laxative by physicians in adult patients and the elderly was the combination of liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate. The primary parameters considered by physicians when choosing a laxative were efficacy and tolerability. The laxative containing liquid paraffin + MOM + sodium picosulfate was reported to be effective for overnight relief by 44.9% of physicians in 60%-89% of patients. Physicians largely opined that side effects such as nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, and anal seepage/ incontinence occurred in <1% of patients treated with liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate. Conclusions: Clinical features aid in diagnosing CC and physicians prioritize treatment effectiveness when selecting laxatives. The participating physicians opined that combination laxatives consisting of liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate are effective and well-tolerated for managing CC in patients with comorbidities. Hence, it is essential to consider their use for effective management of CC with comorbidities.
{"title":"Chronic constipation with associated comorbid conditions: a physician survey on clinical perspectives on its diagnosis and management","authors":"Rakesh Kumar, S. R. Ramakrishnan, Ashwin Kulkarni","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232834","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This survey aimed to investigate physicians’ perspectives on chronic constipation in patients with comorbidities, diagnosis and management of CC, and preferred laxatives used for treating CC in these patients. Methods: A 32-item, questionnaire-based online survey was conducted among 243 consulting physicians to gather information about CC with comorbidities, diagnosis and management strategies, and preferred laxatives. Results: The survey showed that 10%-39% of patients experienced CC for >3 months as reported by 61.7% of physicians, with diabetes being the most common comorbid condition. Patient noncompliance (93.8%) was identified as the main factor affecting management outcomes. The most preferred laxative by physicians in adult patients and the elderly was the combination of liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate. The primary parameters considered by physicians when choosing a laxative were efficacy and tolerability. The laxative containing liquid paraffin + MOM + sodium picosulfate was reported to be effective for overnight relief by 44.9% of physicians in 60%-89% of patients. Physicians largely opined that side effects such as nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps/pain, and anal seepage/ incontinence occurred in <1% of patients treated with liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate. Conclusions: Clinical features aid in diagnosing CC and physicians prioritize treatment effectiveness when selecting laxatives. The participating physicians opined that combination laxatives consisting of liquid paraffin+MOM+sodium picosulfate are effective and well-tolerated for managing CC in patients with comorbidities. Hence, it is essential to consider their use for effective management of CC with comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232824
Shraddha Kedlaya K., L. P., Ravikumar Veeramani
Background: Lateral Medullary syndrome is an acute ischemic stroke syndrome characterised by occlusion of the vertebral artery/posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The study aimed to describe the sensory pattern and clinical profile of patients admitted with lateral medullary syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the neurology department at Thanjavur Government Medical College, Tamil Nadu. Twenty patients with acute stroke clinically suspected of lateral medullary syndrome were taken into this study for one year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain with an MR Angiogram was done to confirm clinical suspicion of Lateral medullary syndrome. They were examined in detail for clinical profile and sensory pattern, and relevant investigations were done. Results: Among the 20 LMS patients, 85% were males, and the mean age of occurrence was 53.2 years. All of them had acute infarcts in the lateral medulla. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were the most common systemic risk factors. The most common sensory pattern observed was classical, with loss of sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body in 45% of patients. The most common clinical presentation was walking instability, bulbar symptoms, and a longer hospital stay. The second most common pattern was only sensory impairment in the ipsilateral face, seen in 30%. Their clinical presentation was unsteadiness while walking, with no bulbar symptoms, shorter hospital stays, and better recovery. Conclusions: LMS is an acute stroke syndrome common in males, often after 50 years, with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as systemic risk factors.
{"title":"Clinical profile and sensory pattern in lateral medullary syndrome","authors":"Shraddha Kedlaya K., L. P., Ravikumar Veeramani","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232824","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lateral Medullary syndrome is an acute ischemic stroke syndrome characterised by occlusion of the vertebral artery/posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The study aimed to describe the sensory pattern and clinical profile of patients admitted with lateral medullary syndrome.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the neurology department at Thanjavur Government Medical College, Tamil Nadu. Twenty patients with acute stroke clinically suspected of lateral medullary syndrome were taken into this study for one year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain with an MR Angiogram was done to confirm clinical suspicion of Lateral medullary syndrome. They were examined in detail for clinical profile and sensory pattern, and relevant investigations were done.\u0000Results: Among the 20 LMS patients, 85% were males, and the mean age of occurrence was 53.2 years. All of them had acute infarcts in the lateral medulla. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were the most common systemic risk factors. The most common sensory pattern observed was classical, with loss of sensation in the ipsilateral face and contralateral body in 45% of patients. The most common clinical presentation was walking instability, bulbar symptoms, and a longer hospital stay. The second most common pattern was only sensory impairment in the ipsilateral face, seen in 30%. Their clinical presentation was unsteadiness while walking, with no bulbar symptoms, shorter hospital stays, and better recovery.\u0000Conclusions: LMS is an acute stroke syndrome common in males, often after 50 years, with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as systemic risk factors.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77622470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232554
A. Chanda, Mayurbahan Mukherjee, Mainak Mandal, Mohammad Saddam Hossain, Nirmalya Roy
Non cirrhotic portal fibrosis is a disease of obscure etiology and it causes portal hypertension, massive splenomegaly and well tolerated episodes of variceal bleeding young adults due to obliterative portovenopathy in young adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds, having normal or close to normal hepatic functions. It is also called as idiopathic portal fibrosis, though the etiology of NCPF is unclear but thought to be from chronic infections, exposure to medications and toxins, thrombophilia, immunological disorders are genetic factors. In India it accounts for 30 percent of variceal bleeds in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. The characteristic portal hemodynamics include intrahepatic perisinusoidal portal hypertension, increased splenic and portal vein blood flow and increased intrahepatic portal resistance. Patients can be misdiagnosed as having liver cirrhosis, but awareness of this condition by looking at the face and general condition along with diligent search of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension can identify this subset of patients who have better prognosis then cirrhotic patients with similar symptoms.
{"title":"Face says it all: a curious case of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis","authors":"A. Chanda, Mayurbahan Mukherjee, Mainak Mandal, Mohammad Saddam Hossain, Nirmalya Roy","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232554","url":null,"abstract":"Non cirrhotic portal fibrosis is a disease of obscure etiology and it causes portal hypertension, massive splenomegaly and well tolerated episodes of variceal bleeding young adults due to obliterative portovenopathy in young adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds, having normal or close to normal hepatic functions. It is also called as idiopathic portal fibrosis, though the etiology of NCPF is unclear but thought to be from chronic infections, exposure to medications and toxins, thrombophilia, immunological disorders are genetic factors. In India it accounts for 30 percent of variceal bleeds in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. The characteristic portal hemodynamics include intrahepatic perisinusoidal portal hypertension, increased splenic and portal vein blood flow and increased intrahepatic portal resistance. Patients can be misdiagnosed as having liver cirrhosis, but awareness of this condition by looking at the face and general condition along with diligent search of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension can identify this subset of patients who have better prognosis then cirrhotic patients with similar symptoms.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88697892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232553
Uppalapati Tanmayi, A. G., Adarsh E., Gautam M.
Background: Neonatal and Pediatric population comprise up to 20% of emergencies and it is very important to choose appropriate imaging modality to diagnose early and treat accurately. These Pediatric emergencies require different approach to diagnose and manage compared to the adult population. This article will focus on the neuroimaging for evaluation and diagnosis that has more common and specific occurrence in paediatric population. Methods: Cases were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and a single centre study was done using the scanners, imaging software and medical records from March 2021 to August 2022. Results: 36 non-traumatic cases were further subgrouped based on the etiological factors; of which 13 cases (36.1%) had findings consistent with congenital abnormalities. The proportion of children with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Stroke, Infections and Neoplastic were 10 cases (27.7%), 9 cases (25%), 5 cases (13.8%), 4 cases (11.1%) and 4 cases (11.1%) respectively. Conclusions: Neuroimaging is the key in pediatric emergencies. The advancement in newer modalities of technology should be put into use more as a combined approach in diagnosis, management and prognostication as well as for early intervention to improve functional and psychological outcome.
{"title":"Neuroimaging in paediatric emergencies","authors":"Uppalapati Tanmayi, A. G., Adarsh E., Gautam M.","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232553","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal and Pediatric population comprise up to 20% of emergencies and it is very important to choose appropriate imaging modality to diagnose early and treat accurately. These Pediatric emergencies require different approach to diagnose and manage compared to the adult population. This article will focus on the neuroimaging for evaluation and diagnosis that has more common and specific occurrence in paediatric population.\u0000Methods: Cases were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and a single centre study was done using the scanners, imaging software and medical records from March 2021 to August 2022.\u0000Results: 36 non-traumatic cases were further subgrouped based on the etiological factors; of which 13 cases (36.1%) had findings consistent with congenital abnormalities. The proportion of children with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Stroke, Infections and Neoplastic were 10 cases (27.7%), 9 cases (25%), 5 cases (13.8%), 4 cases (11.1%) and 4 cases (11.1%) respectively.\u0000Conclusions: Neuroimaging is the key in pediatric emergencies. The advancement in newer modalities of technology should be put into use more as a combined approach in diagnosis, management and prognostication as well as for early intervention to improve functional and psychological outcome.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75677000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232556
Sonali B. Sahane, Renu Rathi
In the Ayurvedic classics, Kasa (cough) is considered as an independent disease. It may also occur as Lakshana (symptom) or Upadarava (complication) in other diseases. It is an example of Pranavaha Srotas Dushti Kasa is common signs and symptom in the childhood, when mother and father see a doctor. It suggests that even after improvements in modern scientific science, coughs in children are not always treated effectively. According to Acharya Charaka, the Moola of Pranavaha Srotas is Hridya (brain, heart) and Mahasrotas. Acharyas have described definition, etiological factors, prodromal symptoms, types of Kasa along with all Pathya (wholesome) and Apathya (unwholesome) and therapeutic measures. Kasa is manifested with the vitiation of Vata and Kapha. Understanding and differentiating Kasa is important for its effective treatment. The study of Kasa is necessary as it can be associated with many complications if left untreated. In this context different Lakshanas (symptoms) of Kasa in children are explained by Acharyas which can be used for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease. Thus, with help of this study alternate safe methods of treatment in children can be employed. So, its identification as Kasa can be a ray of hope for the diagnosis.
{"title":"A critical review on kasa (cough) in children","authors":"Sonali B. Sahane, Renu Rathi","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232556","url":null,"abstract":"In the Ayurvedic classics, Kasa (cough) is considered as an independent disease. It may also occur as Lakshana (symptom) or Upadarava (complication) in other diseases. It is an example of Pranavaha Srotas Dushti Kasa is common signs and symptom in the childhood, when mother and father see a doctor. It suggests that even after improvements in modern scientific science, coughs in children are not always treated effectively. According to Acharya Charaka, the Moola of Pranavaha Srotas is Hridya (brain, heart) and Mahasrotas. Acharyas have described definition, etiological factors, prodromal symptoms, types of Kasa along with all Pathya (wholesome) and Apathya (unwholesome) and therapeutic measures. Kasa is manifested with the vitiation of Vata and Kapha. Understanding and differentiating Kasa is important for its effective treatment. The study of Kasa is necessary as it can be associated with many complications if left untreated. In this context different Lakshanas (symptoms) of Kasa in children are explained by Acharyas which can be used for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease. Thus, with help of this study alternate safe methods of treatment in children can be employed. So, its identification as Kasa can be a ray of hope for the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78820051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232555
Abhijit Biswas, Krishnan Ramasubramanian
Heart is one of the most sensitive organs of human body, and is affected by all mental emotions: negative emotions worsen its health, whereas, positive emotions improve its health. This paper presents the methodology of evolved-homeopathy, for preventing and curing problems of heart including angina pectoris, which is considered to be an alarming heart condition in conventional medicine (allopathy) that needs in many of the cases, immediate hospitalization and surgery. The methodology of evolved-homeopathy utilizes a few specific medicines for prevention, according to the first fundamental-principle of cure (‘prevention is better than cure’). For those who are still affected by mild angina due to their tension-ridden lifestyles, a few medicines need to be taken based on the ‘exciting cause’ (which is the third fundamental-principle of cure), to quickly cure, so as to fulfill the second fundamental-principle of cure (‘nipping in the bud’), so that minimum dead-tissue is formed, as revealed by the GDV (gas-discharge-visualization) whole-body diagnostic-chart. Anticipatory preventive doses can be taken whenever felt necessary, as these medicines are complementary type and are having no side effects. Excellent results of prevention, cure and dead-tissue removal using medication, can be achieved by those, who can take quick action based on their own understanding/experience, or on a quick consultation with their doctor. It seems evident that sincere followers of the three fundamental-principles of cure as mentioned above, can counter problems of heart including angina pectoris, and avoid the necessity of hospitalization and surgery.
{"title":"Preventing and curing problems of heart including angina pectoris, using evolved homeopathy","authors":"Abhijit Biswas, Krishnan Ramasubramanian","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232555","url":null,"abstract":"Heart is one of the most sensitive organs of human body, and is affected by all mental emotions: negative emotions worsen its health, whereas, positive emotions improve its health. This paper presents the methodology of evolved-homeopathy, for preventing and curing problems of heart including angina pectoris, which is considered to be an alarming heart condition in conventional medicine (allopathy) that needs in many of the cases, immediate hospitalization and surgery. The methodology of evolved-homeopathy utilizes a few specific medicines for prevention, according to the first fundamental-principle of cure (‘prevention is better than cure’). For those who are still affected by mild angina due to their tension-ridden lifestyles, a few medicines need to be taken based on the ‘exciting cause’ (which is the third fundamental-principle of cure), to quickly cure, so as to fulfill the second fundamental-principle of cure (‘nipping in the bud’), so that minimum dead-tissue is formed, as revealed by the GDV (gas-discharge-visualization) whole-body diagnostic-chart. Anticipatory preventive doses can be taken whenever felt necessary, as these medicines are complementary type and are having no side effects. Excellent results of prevention, cure and dead-tissue removal using medication, can be achieved by those, who can take quick action based on their own understanding/experience, or on a quick consultation with their doctor. It seems evident that sincere followers of the three fundamental-principles of cure as mentioned above, can counter problems of heart including angina pectoris, and avoid the necessity of hospitalization and surgery.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74042454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232207
T. Thenappan, B. Vivekanandan, L. Somu
Background: Laryngotracheal stenosis is a common benign condition of airway obstruction in both the pediatric and adult age group. This could either be acquired or congenital, in which there is narrowing of either the portions of the larynx or trachea making it difficult to breathe. This condition can be managed by several operative and endoscopic procedures. Flexible fiber optic laryngoscope is an excellent tool in the diagnostic investigation of laryngotracheal stenosis. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was done with data collected from the medical records department of patients diagnosed with laryngotracheal stenosis in a tertiary care hospital in the last 10 years. Results: A total of 22 patients who underwent FFL exam were taken for this retrospective study and the results were analyzed. Conclusions: This study proves that Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is a single modality diagnostic tool, which is useful in diagnosing, and localizing stenotic lesions in the Laryngotracheal region. It is cheap, less invasive and trained Otolaryngologist can perform this as an outpatient procedure. This therefore reduces the exposure to harmful radiation caused by repeated computed tomography scans.
{"title":"Study to establish fiberoptic laryngoscopy as a diagnostic and investigation tool for laryngotracheal stenosis and to use the same for prognosis of the disease: retrospective analysis","authors":"T. Thenappan, B. Vivekanandan, L. Somu","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laryngotracheal stenosis is a common benign condition of airway obstruction in both the pediatric and adult age group. This could either be acquired or congenital, in which there is narrowing of either the portions of the larynx or trachea making it difficult to breathe. This condition can be managed by several operative and endoscopic procedures. Flexible fiber optic laryngoscope is an excellent tool in the diagnostic investigation of laryngotracheal stenosis.\u0000Methods: This is a retrospective study that was done with data collected from the medical records department of patients diagnosed with laryngotracheal stenosis in a tertiary care hospital in the last 10 years.\u0000Results: A total of 22 patients who underwent FFL exam were taken for this retrospective study and the results were analyzed.\u0000Conclusions: This study proves that Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is a single modality diagnostic tool, which is useful in diagnosing, and localizing stenotic lesions in the Laryngotracheal region. It is cheap, less invasive and trained Otolaryngologist can perform this as an outpatient procedure. This therefore reduces the exposure to harmful radiation caused by repeated computed tomography scans.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79294794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232209
Ramesh Maddimani, Ravi Krishnegowda, Kush K. Yadav, Aishwarya Janaki, S. Subramanya
Background: With countries facing multiple waves of COVID-19 disease throughout the world it is the need of the hour to vaccinate individuals to protect against the deadly virus. Vaccination has shown noteworthy results with reduction in cases, however despite of vaccination many individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Aims and objectives were to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 positive individuals who have previously received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine with unvaccinated individuals and to study the demographic and clinical features in COVID-19 patients who have previously received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This prospective, observational single-center study considered adults patients from April to May 2021 who were diagnosed with COVID 19 infection by RT-PCR technique or Rapid Antigen Test. The sample size for the study was 3076, out of which 2969 were unvaccinated and 107 were vaccinated. Necessary clinical data were collected and selected subjects were followed up until discharge or death. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 3076 patients, 2002 (65.08%) were males and 1074 (34.92%) were females. There were 2969 individuals (96.52 %) who were unvaccinated and 107 (3.48 %) individuals who had received at least one dose any of the COVID 19 vaccines. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 895 (30.1%) succumbed to death and 2074 (69.9%) were discharged. Among the vaccinated individuals 19 (17.8%) succumbed to death and 88 (82.2%) were discharged (Odds ratio-0.5002) (CI-0.3029 to 0.8265). Conclusions: Vaccination decreases the severity and mortality of the disease. Genetic variants might have a key role and further studies regarding the variants of SARS-CoV-2 is needed.
{"title":"Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with COVID vaccine","authors":"Ramesh Maddimani, Ravi Krishnegowda, Kush K. Yadav, Aishwarya Janaki, S. Subramanya","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With countries facing multiple waves of COVID-19 disease throughout the world it is the need of the hour to vaccinate individuals to protect against the deadly virus. Vaccination has shown noteworthy results with reduction in cases, however despite of vaccination many individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Aims and objectives were to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 positive individuals who have previously received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine with unvaccinated individuals and to study the demographic and clinical features in COVID-19 patients who have previously received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.\u0000Methods: This prospective, observational single-center study considered adults patients from April to May 2021 who were diagnosed with COVID 19 infection by RT-PCR technique or Rapid Antigen Test. The sample size for the study was 3076, out of which 2969 were unvaccinated and 107 were vaccinated. Necessary clinical data were collected and selected subjects were followed up until discharge or death. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24.\u0000Results: Out of 3076 patients, 2002 (65.08%) were males and 1074 (34.92%) were females. There were 2969 individuals (96.52 %) who were unvaccinated and 107 (3.48 %) individuals who had received at least one dose any of the COVID 19 vaccines. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 895 (30.1%) succumbed to death and 2074 (69.9%) were discharged. Among the vaccinated individuals 19 (17.8%) succumbed to death and 88 (82.2%) were discharged (Odds ratio-0.5002) (CI-0.3029 to 0.8265).\u0000Conclusions: Vaccination decreases the severity and mortality of the disease. Genetic variants might have a key role and further studies regarding the variants of SARS-CoV-2 is needed.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232210
M. Philip, Febin Antony, J. Chalissery, M. Boban
Newer treatment techniques help in reducing dose to small bowel (SB) which is an organ at risk (OAR) for pelvic radiotherapy (RT). However, instead of SB, bowel bag is contoured routinely and constraints are given. In this retrospective case series, we compared the dose received by SB while using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques in patients receiving adjuvant pelvic RT for endometrial carcinoma. 10 patients with stage II EC who received VMAT were included in this single institution study. SB was contoured retrospectively in the planning computed tomography scan of these patients. An IMRT plan was also generated with a similar planning target volume coverage and organ at risk (OAR) constraints of the previously approved VMAT plan. Volume receiving 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy and 45 Gy of SB was analysed and a dosimetric comparison was made among the two plans. Anaylysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t tests were used for dosimetric comparison. Mean SB volume receiving 10 Gy (V10 Gy) was 85.3% and 83.7% with IMRT and VMAT respectively. Mean SB volume receiving 45 Gy (V45 Gy) was 4.1% and 5% with IMRT and VMAT respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted in the low dose or high dose irradiated volume of SB using both techniques; however, the volume of SB getting irradiated in the absence of optimisation was found to be high in both the groups which can translate in to acute and late bowel toxicity. Further prospective studies have to be conducted to know the clinical significance of this dose-volume relationship to SB.
{"title":"Dosimetric comparison of irradiated small bowel volume with intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy in adjuvant pelvic radiation therapy for endometrial carcinoma","authors":"M. Philip, Febin Antony, J. Chalissery, M. Boban","doi":"10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20232210","url":null,"abstract":"Newer treatment techniques help in reducing dose to small bowel (SB) which is an organ at risk (OAR) for pelvic radiotherapy (RT). However, instead of SB, bowel bag is contoured routinely and constraints are given. In this retrospective case series, we compared the dose received by SB while using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques in patients receiving adjuvant pelvic RT for endometrial carcinoma. 10 patients with stage II EC who received VMAT were included in this single institution study. SB was contoured retrospectively in the planning computed tomography scan of these patients. An IMRT plan was also generated with a similar planning target volume coverage and organ at risk (OAR) constraints of the previously approved VMAT plan. Volume receiving 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, 40 Gy and 45 Gy of SB was analysed and a dosimetric comparison was made among the two plans. Anaylysis of variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t tests were used for dosimetric comparison. Mean SB volume receiving 10 Gy (V10 Gy) was 85.3% and 83.7% with IMRT and VMAT respectively. Mean SB volume receiving 45 Gy (V45 Gy) was 4.1% and 5% with IMRT and VMAT respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted in the low dose or high dose irradiated volume of SB using both techniques; however, the volume of SB getting irradiated in the absence of optimisation was found to be high in both the groups which can translate in to acute and late bowel toxicity. Further prospective studies have to be conducted to know the clinical significance of this dose-volume relationship to SB.","PeriodicalId":13827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advances in Medicine","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90751186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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