首页 > 最新文献

International Journal of Chronic Diseases最新文献

英文 中文
Feasibility of Development of a Cohort in a Rural Area of Sub-Himalayan Region of India to Assess the Emergence of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors. 在印度喜马拉雅地区农村地区开展队列研究以评估心血管疾病危险因素的可行性
Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-01-22 DOI: 10.1155/2014/761243
Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj, Dinesh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Raina, Satya Bhushan, Vishav Chander, Sushant Sharma

Introduction. Rural area of India is facing epidemiological transitions due to growth and development, warranting a longitudinal study to assess the development of CVDs risk factors. Objective. Feasibility of setting up a rural cohort for the assessment and development of biochemical risk factors for CVDs. Methodology. In Himachal Pradesh, house-to-house surveys were carried out in six villages for anthropometry and assessment of lipid profile. All the information was stored in specifically designed web-based software, which can be retrieved at any time. Results. A total of 2749 individuals of more than 20 years of age were recruited with a 14.3% refusal rate. According to Asian criteria, measured overweight and obesity (BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2)) were 44.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Obesity was significantly more (P = 0.01) among females (11.7%) as compared to males (8.4%). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was observed to be 16.3% and 37.4%, respectively. Eighty percent of individuals had borderline (46.5%) to high (35.4%) level of triglycerides (TGs). Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level were observed among 30.0% and 11.0% individuals only. Conclusion. A high prevalence of biochemical risk factors for CVDs in a rural area urges establishment of an effective surveillance system.

介绍。由于增长和发展,印度农村地区正面临流行病学转变,有必要进行纵向研究以评估心血管疾病风险因素的发展。目标。建立农村队列进行心血管疾病生化危险因素评估与开发的可行性。方法。在喜马偕尔邦,在六个村庄进行了挨家挨户的调查,以进行人体测量和脂质谱评估。所有的信息都存储在专门设计的基于网络的软件中,可以随时检索。结果。共招募了2749名20岁以上的个体,拒绝率为14.3%。根据亚洲标准,超重和肥胖(BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2))分别为44.9%和10.5%。女性肥胖率(11.7%)明显高于男性(8.4%)(P = 0.01)。高血压前期和高血压患病率分别为16.3%和37.4%。80%的人甘油三酯(TGs)处于临界(46.5%)至高(35.4%)水平。总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平升高仅占30.0%和11.0%。结论。农村地区心血管疾病的生化危险因素普遍存在,迫切需要建立有效的监测系统。
{"title":"Feasibility of Development of a Cohort in a Rural Area of Sub-Himalayan Region of India to Assess the Emergence of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors.","authors":"Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Raina,&nbsp;Satya Bhushan,&nbsp;Vishav Chander,&nbsp;Sushant Sharma","doi":"10.1155/2014/761243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/761243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. Rural area of India is facing epidemiological transitions due to growth and development, warranting a longitudinal study to assess the development of CVDs risk factors. Objective. Feasibility of setting up a rural cohort for the assessment and development of biochemical risk factors for CVDs. Methodology. In Himachal Pradesh, house-to-house surveys were carried out in six villages for anthropometry and assessment of lipid profile. All the information was stored in specifically designed web-based software, which can be retrieved at any time. Results. A total of 2749 individuals of more than 20 years of age were recruited with a 14.3% refusal rate. According to Asian criteria, measured overweight and obesity (BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2)) were 44.9% and 10.5%, respectively. Obesity was significantly more (P = 0.01) among females (11.7%) as compared to males (8.4%). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was observed to be 16.3% and 37.4%, respectively. Eighty percent of individuals had borderline (46.5%) to high (35.4%) level of triglycerides (TGs). Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level were observed among 30.0% and 11.0% individuals only. Conclusion. A high prevalence of biochemical risk factors for CVDs in a rural area urges establishment of an effective surveillance system. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2014 ","pages":"761243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/761243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34085875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病和非小细胞肺癌患者呼出液和血清中的生物标志物
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.1155/2013/578613
Mann Ying Lim, Paul S Thomas

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和肺癌是世界范围内与慢性炎症和氧化应激相关的主要死亡原因。特别是肺癌,由于典型的诊断较晚,死亡率非常高。因此,识别新的生物标记物可以早期诊断这些疾病,从而改善预后和生存率。呼气冷凝水(EBC)中的氧化应激标志物是COPD和非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的潜在诊断标志物。它们甚至可以用于监测治疗反应。在血清中,S100蛋白中的S100A8、S100A9和S100A12是促炎标志物。它们已被用于几种炎症性疾病和癌症,包括继发性肺转移。它们不仅有潜力成为非小细胞肺癌的诊断性生物标志物,而且很有可能成为预后指标和治疗靶点。
{"title":"Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Mann Ying Lim,&nbsp;Paul S Thomas","doi":"10.1155/2013/578613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/578613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"578613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/578613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Quality of Life Assessment Using EuroQOL EQ-5D Questionnaire in Patients with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: The Relation with Symptoms and Locations. 应用EuroQOL EQ-5D问卷评价深浸润性子宫内膜异位症患者的生活质量:与症状和部位的关系
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-24 DOI: 10.1155/2013/452134
C Touboul, P Amate, M Ballester, M Bazot, A Fauconnier, E Daraï

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) using EuroQOL (EQ-5D) and its correlation with symptoms and locations of endometriotic lesions. One hundred and fifty-nine patients referred for DIE from January 2011 to April 2011 were prospectively invited to complete questionnaires evaluating symptoms associated with endometriosis as well as the EQ-5D questionnaire and health state. Patients also had locations of DIE evaluated by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All 159 patients completed the questionnaires. Item response rate was 91.1%. The most intense symptoms were dysmenorrhea (7.1/10), painful defecation (6.3/10), and fatigue (6.0/10). Mean (SD) scores were 77 (14) for the EQ-5D questionnaire and 63.4 (21) for the health state. A relation was observed between the EQ-5D questionnaire and the presence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, cyclic pelvic pain, painful defecation, and diarrhea or constipation. Vaginal and rectal infiltrations were significantly associated with altered EQ-5D and health state scores. The EQ-5D questionnaire is easy to complete and well related to symptoms of DIE. Rectal and vaginal infiltrations were found to be determinant factors of altered QOL by the EQ-5D questionnaire and health state.

本研究旨在应用EuroQOL (EQ-5D)评价深浸润性子宫内膜异位症(DIE)患者的生活质量(QOL)及其与子宫内膜异位症病变的症状和部位的相关性。从2011年1月至2011年4月,我们前瞻性地邀请159名患者完成评估子宫内膜异位症相关症状的问卷以及EQ-5D问卷和健康状况。患者还通过临床检查和磁共振成像(MRI)评估DIE的位置。所有159例患者均完成问卷调查。项目回应率为91.1%。最严重的症状是痛经(7.1/10)、排便疼痛(6.3/10)和疲劳(6.0/10)。EQ-5D问卷的平均(SD)得分为77分(14分),健康状况的平均(SD)得分为63.4分(21分)。EQ-5D问卷与痛经、性交困难、周期性盆腔疼痛、排便疼痛、腹泻或便秘存在关系。阴道和直肠浸润与EQ-5D和健康状态评分的改变显著相关。EQ-5D问卷填写简单,与死亡症状相关性强。通过EQ-5D问卷和健康状况,发现直肠和阴道浸润是生活质量改变的决定因素。
{"title":"Quality of Life Assessment Using EuroQOL EQ-5D Questionnaire in Patients with Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: The Relation with Symptoms and Locations.","authors":"C Touboul,&nbsp;P Amate,&nbsp;M Ballester,&nbsp;M Bazot,&nbsp;A Fauconnier,&nbsp;E Daraï","doi":"10.1155/2013/452134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/452134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) using EuroQOL (EQ-5D) and its correlation with symptoms and locations of endometriotic lesions. One hundred and fifty-nine patients referred for DIE from January 2011 to April 2011 were prospectively invited to complete questionnaires evaluating symptoms associated with endometriosis as well as the EQ-5D questionnaire and health state. Patients also had locations of DIE evaluated by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All 159 patients completed the questionnaires. Item response rate was 91.1%. The most intense symptoms were dysmenorrhea (7.1/10), painful defecation (6.3/10), and fatigue (6.0/10). Mean (SD) scores were 77 (14) for the EQ-5D questionnaire and 63.4 (21) for the health state. A relation was observed between the EQ-5D questionnaire and the presence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, cyclic pelvic pain, painful defecation, and diarrhea or constipation. Vaginal and rectal infiltrations were significantly associated with altered EQ-5D and health state scores. The EQ-5D questionnaire is easy to complete and well related to symptoms of DIE. Rectal and vaginal infiltrations were found to be determinant factors of altered QOL by the EQ-5D questionnaire and health state. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"452134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/452134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Evaluation of Chronic Liver Disease: Does Ultrasound Scoring Criteria Help? 慢性肝病的评估:超声评分标准有帮助吗?
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2013/326231
Shaista Afzal, Imrana Masroor, Madiha Beg

Noninvasive approaches for assessment of liver histology include routine laboratory tests and radiological evaluation. The purpose of our study was to determine the utility of a simplified scoring system based on routinely evaluated ultrasound features for the evaluation of chronic liver disease and correlate it with the histological findings. For this cross-sectional analytical study the data was collected prospectively by nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The ultrasound variables/parameters and their assigned scoring system that was a modified version adopted from published literature were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the liver morphological score and combined score of liver morphology and sizes was determined using stage and grade as reference standard. Our results show a high sensitivity and PPV of liver morphological sonographic evaluation for the staging and grading of CLD respectively thus supporting it as a screening diagnostic strategy. Of the three liver morphology variables, specificity of liver surface evaluation was highest for the stage of fibrosis and grade of inflammation. The simplified ultrasound scoring system evaluated in our study is clinically relevant and reproducible for differentiating patients with CLD with mild or no fibrosis from moderate to severe fibrosis.

评估肝脏组织学的无创方法包括常规实验室检查和放射学评估。本研究的目的是确定基于常规评估超声特征的简化评分系统在慢性肝病评估中的实用性,并将其与组织学结果联系起来。对于这个横断面分析研究,数据是通过非概率目的抽样技术前瞻性地收集的。评估超声变量/参数及其分配的评分系统,该评分系统采用已发表文献的修改版本。以分期和分级为参考标准,确定肝脏形态评分和肝脏形态及大小综合评分的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。我们的研究结果表明,肝脏形态超声评估对CLD的分期和分级具有较高的敏感性和PPV,因此支持其作为筛查诊断策略。在三个肝脏形态学变量中,肝表面评价对纤维化分期和炎症分级的特异性最高。本研究评估的简化超声评分系统在区分CLD伴轻度或无纤维化、中度至重度纤维化患者方面具有临床相关性和可重复性。
{"title":"Evaluation of Chronic Liver Disease: Does Ultrasound Scoring Criteria Help?","authors":"Shaista Afzal,&nbsp;Imrana Masroor,&nbsp;Madiha Beg","doi":"10.1155/2013/326231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/326231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noninvasive approaches for assessment of liver histology include routine laboratory tests and radiological evaluation. The purpose of our study was to determine the utility of a simplified scoring system based on routinely evaluated ultrasound features for the evaluation of chronic liver disease and correlate it with the histological findings. For this cross-sectional analytical study the data was collected prospectively by nonprobability purposive sampling technique. The ultrasound variables/parameters and their assigned scoring system that was a modified version adopted from published literature were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the liver morphological score and combined score of liver morphology and sizes was determined using stage and grade as reference standard. Our results show a high sensitivity and PPV of liver morphological sonographic evaluation for the staging and grading of CLD respectively thus supporting it as a screening diagnostic strategy. Of the three liver morphology variables, specificity of liver surface evaluation was highest for the stage of fibrosis and grade of inflammation. The simplified ultrasound scoring system evaluated in our study is clinically relevant and reproducible for differentiating patients with CLD with mild or no fibrosis from moderate to severe fibrosis. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"326231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/326231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34086592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Migration Status and Prevalence of Chronic Diseases in Kerala State, India. 印度喀拉拉邦的移民状况和慢性病流行。
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-12-10 DOI: 10.1155/2013/431818
Safraj Shahul Hameed, Vellapallil Raman Kutty, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Ajayan Kamalasanan

Aim. To study the relationship between a personal history of migration and prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors in a rural population. Method. Cross sectional survey data from PROLIFE, a cohort study involving the long time follow-up of the residents of an administrative unit in Kerala, India, was used. Pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 78,173 adult residents. Information on physician diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac diseases and lifestyle attributes like physical activity, habits, and migration was captured. Results. Subjects with a history of migration had a higher prevalence of chronic disease when compared with those with no history of migration. Diabetes (19.6% versus 4.1%), hypertension (18.8% versus 6.6%), and cardiac complaints (8.6% versus 4.1%) are more prevalent among those with history of migration of over 5 years. After adjustment for age, gender, and education, we found that chronic diseases are higher among persons with a history of migration (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.3). Age-specific increases in prevalence of chronic diseases are also substantially higher among migrants. Conclusion. People with a history of migration have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors.

的目标。目的:研究农村人口个人迁移史与慢性疾病流行及危险因素的关系。方法。横断面调查数据来自PROLIFE,这是一项涉及印度喀拉拉邦一个行政单位居民长期随访的队列研究。对78,173名成年居民进行预测问卷调查。收集了医生诊断的糖尿病、高血压和心脏病的信息,以及身体活动、习惯和迁移等生活方式属性。结果。与没有移民史的受试者相比,有移民史的受试者有更高的慢性疾病患病率。糖尿病(19.6%对4.1%)、高血压(18.8%对6.6%)和心脏疾病(8.6%对4.1%)在移民史超过5年的人群中更为普遍。在调整了年龄、性别和教育程度后,我们发现有迁移史的人患慢性病的风险更高(OR 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.3)。按年龄划分的慢性病患病率增幅在移徙者中也要高得多。结论。有移徙史的人患慢性病和危险因素的比例较高。
{"title":"Migration Status and Prevalence of Chronic Diseases in Kerala State, India.","authors":"Safraj Shahul Hameed, Vellapallil Raman Kutty, Krishnapillai Vijayakumar, Ajayan Kamalasanan","doi":"10.1155/2013/431818","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/431818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim. To study the relationship between a personal history of migration and prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors in a rural population. Method. Cross sectional survey data from PROLIFE, a cohort study involving the long time follow-up of the residents of an administrative unit in Kerala, India, was used. Pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 78,173 adult residents. Information on physician diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac diseases and lifestyle attributes like physical activity, habits, and migration was captured. Results. Subjects with a history of migration had a higher prevalence of chronic disease when compared with those with no history of migration. Diabetes (19.6% versus 4.1%), hypertension (18.8% versus 6.6%), and cardiac complaints (8.6% versus 4.1%) are more prevalent among those with history of migration of over 5 years. After adjustment for age, gender, and education, we found that chronic diseases are higher among persons with a history of migration (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.3). Age-specific increases in prevalence of chronic diseases are also substantially higher among migrants. Conclusion. People with a history of migration have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"431818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/431818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Sarcoidosis: Immunopathogenesis and Immunological Markers. 结节病:免疫发病机制和免疫标志物。
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-25 DOI: 10.1155/2013/928601
Wei Sheng Joshua Loke, Cristan Herbert, Paul S Thomas

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an "immune paradox" with peripheral anergy despite exaggerated inflammation at disease sites. Despite extensive research, sarcoidosis remains a disease with undetermined aetiology. Current evidence supports the notion that the immune response in sarcoidosis is driven by a putative antigen in a genetically susceptible individual. Unfortunately, there currently exists no reliable biomarker to delineate the disease severity and prognosis. As such, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains a vexing clinical challenge. In this review, we outline the immunological features of sarcoidosis, discuss the evidence for and against various candidate etiological agents (infective and noninfective), describe the exhaled breath condensate, a novel method of identifying immunological biomarkers, and suggest other possible immunological biomarkers to better characterise the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

结节病是一种多系统肉芽肿性疾病,通常影响肺部。这是一种在临床表现和疾病结局上有显著变化的疾病,被描述为一种“免疫悖论”,尽管在疾病部位有夸大的炎症,但仍伴有外周能量。尽管有广泛的研究,结节病仍然是一种病因不明的疾病。目前的证据支持这样一种观点,即结节病的免疫反应是由遗传易感个体的推定抗原驱动的。不幸的是,目前还没有可靠的生物标志物来描述疾病的严重程度和预后。因此,结节病的诊断仍然是一个令人烦恼的临床挑战。在这篇综述中,我们概述了结节病的免疫学特征,讨论了支持和反对各种候选病原(感染性和非感染性)的证据,描述了呼气冷凝物,一种识别免疫生物标志物的新方法,并提出了其他可能的免疫生物标志物,以更好地表征结节病的免疫发病机制。
{"title":"Sarcoidosis: Immunopathogenesis and Immunological Markers.","authors":"Wei Sheng Joshua Loke,&nbsp;Cristan Herbert,&nbsp;Paul S Thomas","doi":"10.1155/2013/928601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/928601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder invariably affecting the lungs. It is a disease with noteworthy variations in clinical manifestation and disease outcome and has been described as an \"immune paradox\" with peripheral anergy despite exaggerated inflammation at disease sites. Despite extensive research, sarcoidosis remains a disease with undetermined aetiology. Current evidence supports the notion that the immune response in sarcoidosis is driven by a putative antigen in a genetically susceptible individual. Unfortunately, there currently exists no reliable biomarker to delineate the disease severity and prognosis. As such, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains a vexing clinical challenge. In this review, we outline the immunological features of sarcoidosis, discuss the evidence for and against various candidate etiological agents (infective and noninfective), describe the exhaled breath condensate, a novel method of identifying immunological biomarkers, and suggest other possible immunological biomarkers to better characterise the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"928601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/928601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
A Review on the Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. 髋关节和膝关节骨性关节炎治疗综述。
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-28 DOI: 10.1155/2013/845015
Alexander MacDonald Wood, Timothy M Brock, Kieran Heil, Rachel Holmes, Axel Weusten

Arthritis is the most common chronic condition affecting patients over the age of 70. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age, and with an aging population, the effect of this disease will represent an ever-increasing burden on health care. The knee is the most common joint affected in osteoarthritis, with up to 41% of limb arthritis being located in the knee, compared to 30% in hands and 19% in hips. We review the current concepts with regard to the disease process and risk factors for developing hip and knee osteoarthritis. We then explore the nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis as well as the operative management of hip and knee arthritis. We discuss the indications for surgical treatment of hip and knee arthritis, looking in particular at the controversies affecting young and obese patients in both hip and knee replacements. Patient and implant related outcomes along with survivorships are addressed as well as the experiences and controversies described in national joint registries.

关节炎是 70 岁以上患者最常见的慢性疾病。骨关节炎的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加,随着人口老龄化,这种疾病的影响将给医疗保健带来越来越大的负担。膝关节是骨关节炎中最常见的受累关节,高达 41% 的肢体关节炎发生在膝关节,而手部和髋部的比例分别为 30% 和 19%。我们回顾了当前有关疾病过程和髋关节与膝关节骨关节炎发病风险因素的概念。然后,我们将探讨骨关节炎的非手术治疗方法以及髋关节和膝关节炎的手术治疗方法。我们讨论了髋关节和膝关节炎手术治疗的适应症,尤其是在髋关节和膝关节置换术中影响年轻和肥胖患者的争议。我们还讨论了与患者和植入物相关的疗效和存活率,以及国家关节登记中描述的经验和争议。
{"title":"A Review on the Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Alexander MacDonald Wood, Timothy M Brock, Kieran Heil, Rachel Holmes, Axel Weusten","doi":"10.1155/2013/845015","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/845015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthritis is the most common chronic condition affecting patients over the age of 70. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age, and with an aging population, the effect of this disease will represent an ever-increasing burden on health care. The knee is the most common joint affected in osteoarthritis, with up to 41% of limb arthritis being located in the knee, compared to 30% in hands and 19% in hips. We review the current concepts with regard to the disease process and risk factors for developing hip and knee osteoarthritis. We then explore the nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis as well as the operative management of hip and knee arthritis. We discuss the indications for surgical treatment of hip and knee arthritis, looking in particular at the controversies affecting young and obese patients in both hip and knee replacements. Patient and implant related outcomes along with survivorships are addressed as well as the experiences and controversies described in national joint registries. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2013 ","pages":"845015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34152661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Chronic Diseases
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1