Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the role of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in Brazil Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play diverse and pivotal roles in gene regulation across various biological processes. From microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to circular RNAs (circRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs), ncRNAs participate in fine-tuning gene expression at multiple levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. These molecules act as crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis, development and disease pathogenesis. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Central dogma of molecular biology & competitive endogenous rna (cerna) hypothesis may be used to anchor future studies on role of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in Brazil. Leveraging the dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers will facilitate the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. By targeting specific non-coding RNAs associated with disease states, clinicians can tailor treatment regimens to individual patients, improving efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Policymakers should prioritize funding for non-coding RNA research, recognizing its significance in advancing biomedical knowledge and improving healthcare outcomes. Educational institutions and professional organizations should incorporate non-coding RNA biology into undergraduate and graduate curricula, as well as continuing education programs for healthcare professionals.
{"title":"Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Gene Regulation in Brazil","authors":"Joyce Laula","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2501","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the role of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in Brazil \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study found that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play diverse and pivotal roles in gene regulation across various biological processes. From microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to circular RNAs (circRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs), ncRNAs participate in fine-tuning gene expression at multiple levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. These molecules act as crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis, development and disease pathogenesis. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Central dogma of molecular biology & competitive endogenous rna (cerna) hypothesis may be used to anchor future studies on role of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in Brazil. Leveraging the dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers will facilitate the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. By targeting specific non-coding RNAs associated with disease states, clinicians can tailor treatment regimens to individual patients, improving efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Policymakers should prioritize funding for non-coding RNA research, recognizing its significance in advancing biomedical knowledge and improving healthcare outcomes. Educational institutions and professional organizations should incorporate non-coding RNA biology into undergraduate and graduate curricula, as well as continuing education programs for healthcare professionals.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore antibiotic resistance mechanisms and strategies for combating resistance in Germany Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: antibiotic resistance represents a complex and evolving challenge to public health in Germany. Mechanisms such as efflux pumps, mobile genetic elements, and enzymatic degradation contribute to the resilience of bacteria against antibiotics. However, strategic interventions have been identified to combat resistance effectively. Exploration of alternative therapies like bacteriophage therapy offers promising avenues for addressing antibiotic-resistant infections, especially in light of increasing resistance rates. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Evolutionary theory of antibiotic resistance & Game Theory in Antibiotic Stewardship may be used to anchor future studies on antibiotic resistance mechanisms and strategies for combating resistance in Germany. Implement antimicrobial stewardship programs across healthcare settings to optimize antibiotic use. These programs should involve prescriber education, antibiotic guidelines, and regular audits to promote appropriate prescribing practices and minimize unnecessary antibiotic exposure. Prioritize infection prevention measures, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and infection control protocols, to reduce the spread of resistant pathogens within healthcare facilities and communities. Enact policies to regulate the use of antibiotics in human health, veterinary medicine, and agriculture. This includes restrictions on antibiotic use in food production, bans on over-the-counter antibiotic sales, and incentives for the development of new antibiotics.
{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Strategies for Combating Resistance in Germany","authors":"Felix Carl","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2502","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore antibiotic resistance mechanisms and strategies for combating resistance in Germany \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: antibiotic resistance represents a complex and evolving challenge to public health in Germany. Mechanisms such as efflux pumps, mobile genetic elements, and enzymatic degradation contribute to the resilience of bacteria against antibiotics. However, strategic interventions have been identified to combat resistance effectively. Exploration of alternative therapies like bacteriophage therapy offers promising avenues for addressing antibiotic-resistant infections, especially in light of increasing resistance rates. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Evolutionary theory of antibiotic resistance & Game Theory in Antibiotic Stewardship may be used to anchor future studies on antibiotic resistance mechanisms and strategies for combating resistance in Germany. Implement antimicrobial stewardship programs across healthcare settings to optimize antibiotic use. These programs should involve prescriber education, antibiotic guidelines, and regular audits to promote appropriate prescribing practices and minimize unnecessary antibiotic exposure. Prioritize infection prevention measures, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and infection control protocols, to reduce the spread of resistant pathogens within healthcare facilities and communities. Enact policies to regulate the use of antibiotics in human health, veterinary medicine, and agriculture. This includes restrictions on antibiotic use in food production, bans on over-the-counter antibiotic sales, and incentives for the development of new antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of environmental factors on embryonic development and fetal programming Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed compelling evidence linking various environmental exposures, including air pollution, maternal nutrition, smoking, stress, chemical contaminants, and heavy metals, to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term health consequences for offspring. The study also highlighted the critical role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, in mediating the effects of environmental factors on gene expression and cellular function during embryogenesis. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory & Fetal Programming theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of environmental factors on embryonic development and fetal programming. Incorporate comprehensive assessments of environmental exposures into routine prenatal care. Healthcare providers should consider factors such as maternal diet, smoking status, stress levels, chemical exposures, and air quality when counseling pregnant individuals. Advocate for stricter environmental regulations aimed at reducing exposure to air pollutants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, and other harmful substances during pregnancy. Tailor interventions based on individual risk profiles and environmental exposures. For example, provide targeted nutritional counseling, smoking cessation programs, stress management support, and referrals for environmental health assessments as part of prenatal care services.
目的：本研究旨在探讨环境因素对胚胎发育和胎儿编程的影响：本研究采用案头研究法。案头研究设计通常被称为二手数据收集。这基本上是从现有资源中收集数据，因为与实地研究相比，它具有成本低的优势。我们目前的研究考察了已经发表的研究和报告，因为这些数据很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果研究揭示了令人信服的证据，表明各种环境暴露（包括空气污染、产妇营养、吸烟、压力、化学污染物和重金属）与不良妊娠结局和对后代的长期健康影响有关。该研究还强调了表观遗传修饰（如 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 表达）在胚胎发育过程中介导环境因素对基因表达和细胞功能影响的关键作用。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献：健康与疾病的发育起源（DOHaD）理论和胎儿编程理论可用于未来有关环境因素对胚胎发育和胎儿编程影响的研究。将环境暴露综合评估纳入常规产前保健。医疗保健提供者在为孕妇提供咨询时，应考虑孕妇的饮食、吸烟状况、压力水平、化学接触和空气质量等因素。倡导制定更严格的环境法规，以减少孕期接触空气污染物、干扰内分泌的化学物质、重金属和其他有害物质的机会。根据个人风险状况和环境暴露情况，采取有针对性的干预措施。例如，提供有针对性的营养咨询、戒烟计划、压力管理支持以及环境健康评估转介，作为产前护理服务的一部分。
{"title":"Influence of Environmental Factors on Embryonic Development and Fetal Programming in South Africa","authors":"Michael Lubanzi","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2500","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of environmental factors on embryonic development and fetal programming \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study revealed compelling evidence linking various environmental exposures, including air pollution, maternal nutrition, smoking, stress, chemical contaminants, and heavy metals, to adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term health consequences for offspring. The study also highlighted the critical role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, in mediating the effects of environmental factors on gene expression and cellular function during embryogenesis. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory & Fetal Programming theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of environmental factors on embryonic development and fetal programming. Incorporate comprehensive assessments of environmental exposures into routine prenatal care. Healthcare providers should consider factors such as maternal diet, smoking status, stress levels, chemical exposures, and air quality when counseling pregnant individuals. Advocate for stricter environmental regulations aimed at reducing exposure to air pollutants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, heavy metals, and other harmful substances during pregnancy. Tailor interventions based on individual risk profiles and environmental exposures. For example, provide targeted nutritional counseling, smoking cessation programs, stress management support, and referrals for environmental health assessments as part of prenatal care services.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Danish Mehmood, Muhammad Ahmad, Huma Anwar Ul-Haq, Muhammad Usman Ghani, Zahid Ali Tahir, Muhammad Ismail, Fareha Arshad, Abdul Rashid Shaukat
In the past, many studies have been done to cryopreserve biological materials for future vaccine production. Scientists have been using different chemicals as cryoprotectants to preserve their cell lines on which desired viruses can be cultivated. Researchers have always been in search for better molecules to avoid cryoinjury during process of cryopreservation. In the present study, different molecules were evaluated for cryo-potency in preserving master seeds of “Vero cell” line and “Avian Influenza viruses”. Cryoprotectants such as (Dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO and Glycerol were used in different concentration and evaluated at -80oC and -196oC for different time interval. After 15 days and 30 days of cryopreservation the percentage viability of preserved cells were almost equal at both temperatures whereas, after 60 days, 90 days and 120 days the higher percentage of viability was recorded at -196oC for both Vero cells and Avian Influenza virus. Different pH levels were set for both samples separately with same time interval and found slightly acidic pH (pH5.5) optimum for cryopreservation of Vero cell line and Neutral pH (pH7) for Avian Influenza virus. DMSO (20%) and Glycerol (40%) showed optimum percentage viability when cryopreserved for 120 days without any ill effect.
{"title":"Stress Factors Affecting the Cryopreservation of Biological Components of Seed Virus for Avian Influenza Vaccine Production","authors":"Muhammad Danish Mehmood, Muhammad Ahmad, Huma Anwar Ul-Haq, Muhammad Usman Ghani, Zahid Ali Tahir, Muhammad Ismail, Fareha Arshad, Abdul Rashid Shaukat","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v15n1p58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v15n1p58","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, many studies have been done to cryopreserve biological materials for future vaccine production. Scientists have been using different chemicals as cryoprotectants to preserve their cell lines on which desired viruses can be cultivated. Researchers have always been in search for better molecules to avoid cryoinjury during process of cryopreservation. In the present study, different molecules were evaluated for cryo-potency in preserving master seeds of “Vero cell” line and “Avian Influenza viruses”. Cryoprotectants such as (Dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO and Glycerol were used in different concentration and evaluated at -80oC and -196oC for different time interval. After 15 days and 30 days of cryopreservation the percentage viability of preserved cells were almost equal at both temperatures whereas, after 60 days, 90 days and 120 days the higher percentage of viability was recorded at -196oC for both Vero cells and Avian Influenza virus.  Different pH levels were set for both samples separately with same time interval and found slightly acidic pH (pH5.5) optimum for cryopreservation of Vero cell line and Neutral pH (pH7) for Avian Influenza virus. DMSO (20%) and Glycerol (40%) showed optimum percentage viability when cryopreserved for 120 days without any ill effect.  ","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136037806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Categorizing numbers into even and odd is an ability held by humans that has recently been found to be also held by honeybees. We examined whether ants could also make such parity discrimination. Working on the species Myrmica sabuleti, we learned the ants of two colonies to associate 2 black circles with a reward and 5 of these circles with the absence of a reward, as well as learned the ants of two other colonies to associate 3 of these same cues with a reward and 4 of these cues with the absence of a reward. By collectively testing foragers of each colony in a separate tray in front of these cues, it was first verified during three days if they dully learned the ‘correct’ cue. Thereafter, while the ants continued to be trained, foragers of each colony were collectively subjected to nine successive choice tests, each day in front of a pair of cues different from the one used during the learning process. The cues used during these tests differed from those used to train the ants by the number and size of the dots, the cumulative surface of the dots, the perimeter of their area (surfaces and perimeters being maintained equal between the cues) and their layout. A ‘correct’ cue had the same parity (even or odd) as the cue learned during training. The tested ants each time consistently responded to the number that had the same parity as that of the number they learned during conditioning. This sensitivity to the number parity occurred from the number 1 until the number 7. Discrimination between 7 and 8 dots was beyond the ant capability.
{"title":"Capability of Workers of the Ant Myrmica sabuleti to Categorize Numbers of Elements into Even and Odd","authors":"R. Cammaerts, M. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v15n1p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v15n1p45","url":null,"abstract":"Categorizing numbers into even and odd is an ability held by humans that has recently been found to be also held by honeybees. We examined whether ants could also make such parity discrimination. Working on the species Myrmica sabuleti, we learned the ants of two colonies to associate 2 black circles with a reward and 5 of these circles with the absence of a reward, as well as learned the ants of two other colonies to associate 3 of these same cues with a reward and 4 of these cues with the absence of a reward. By collectively testing foragers of each colony in a separate tray in front of these cues, it was first verified during three days if they dully learned the ‘correct’ cue. Thereafter, while the ants continued to be trained, foragers of each colony were collectively subjected to nine successive choice tests, each day in front of a pair of cues different from the one used during the learning process. The cues used during these tests differed from those used to train the ants by the number and size of the dots, the cumulative surface of the dots, the perimeter of their area (surfaces and perimeters being maintained equal between the cues) and their layout. A ‘correct’ cue had the same parity (even or odd) as the cue learned during training. The tested ants each time consistently responded to the number that had the same parity as that of the number they learned during conditioning. This sensitivity to the number parity occurred from the number 1 until the number 7. Discrimination between 7 and 8 dots was beyond the ant capability.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89873664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the effects of environmental changes on species diversity Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries Findings: The study found that environmental changes, such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and urbanization, lead to a decline in species diversity. Climate change has emerged as a critical driver of changes in species diversity. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise have caused shifts in species distributions, changes in community composition, and reductions in species richness. Pollution including water and air pollution, has detrimental effects on species diversity especially in aquatic ecosystems. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the theory of island biogeography which was propounded by Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson and niche theory which was originally proposed by G.E. Hutchinson. The study recommended that conservation efforts should prioritize habitat preservation and restoration. Protecting and restoring natural habitats is crucial for maintaining species diversity. Conservation practices should focus on minimizing habitat loss, creating ecological corridors, and rehabilitating degraded habitats. Environmental policies and regulations should be designed to mitigate the drivers of environmental change and promote sustainable practices.
{"title":"Effects of Environmental Change on Species Diversity","authors":"Joshua Mulinge","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2014","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to assess the effects of environmental changes on species diversity \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries \u0000Findings: The study found that environmental changes, such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and urbanization, lead to a decline in species diversity. Climate change has emerged as a critical driver of changes in species diversity. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise have caused shifts in species distributions, changes in community composition, and reductions in species richness. Pollution including water and air pollution, has detrimental effects on species diversity especially in aquatic ecosystems. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the theory of island biogeography which was propounded by Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson and niche theory which was originally proposed by G.E. Hutchinson. The study recommended that conservation efforts should prioritize habitat preservation and restoration. Protecting and restoring natural habitats is crucial for maintaining species diversity. Conservation practices should focus on minimizing habitat loss, creating ecological corridors, and rehabilitating degraded habitats. Environmental policies and regulations should be designed to mitigate the drivers of environmental change and promote sustainable practices.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89833915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of abortion on hormonal changes. Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The findings indicate that abortion can lead to hormonal alterations, including changes in estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, and thyroid hormone levels. These hormonal changes can have both short-term and long-term effects on women's physical and emotional well-being. The study reveals potential implications of hormonal changes following abortion. These implications include menstrual irregularities, altered reproductive hormone levels, increased stress responses, psychological distress, and potential impacts on sexual functioning and future fertility outcomes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on neuroendocrine theory of abortion-related hormonal changes which was proposed by Bagshawe, Campbell, Flett, and Maclean and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) theory which was pioneered by Ader, Felten, and Cohen. Policymakers should prioritize the availability of comprehensive post-abortion care that includes monitoring and managing hormonal changes. This can be achieved by supporting healthcare systems, expanding access to reproductive healthcare facilities, and integrating hormonal health services into existing abortion care frameworks.
{"title":"Impact of Abortion on Hormonal Changes","authors":"Danson Koech","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2009","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of abortion on hormonal changes. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The findings indicate that abortion can lead to hormonal alterations, including changes in estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, and thyroid hormone levels. These hormonal changes can have both short-term and long-term effects on women's physical and emotional well-being. The study reveals potential implications of hormonal changes following abortion. These implications include menstrual irregularities, altered reproductive hormone levels, increased stress responses, psychological distress, and potential impacts on sexual functioning and future fertility outcomes. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on neuroendocrine theory of abortion-related hormonal changes which was proposed by Bagshawe, Campbell, Flett, and Maclean and psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) theory which was pioneered by Ader, Felten, and Cohen. Policymakers should prioritize the availability of comprehensive post-abortion care that includes monitoring and managing hormonal changes. This can be achieved by supporting healthcare systems, expanding access to reproductive healthcare facilities, and integrating hormonal health services into existing abortion care frameworks.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75753973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of molecular chaperones in polypeptide. Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that molecular chaperones assist in the folding of polypeptides by stabilizing intermediate folding states and preventing the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. Molecular chaperones are crucial in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation-associated diseases, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on The Kinetic Partitioning Model was Proposed by Susan L. Lindquist and Levinthal's Paradox and the Hierarchical Folding Model and was proposed by Cyrus Levinthal. The study recommended support funding initiatives and research grants that focus on investigating the role of molecular chaperones in protein folding and their implications in various fields, including biotechnology, medicine, and drug discovery. Promote interdisciplinary research efforts to address the challenges and opportunities associated with chaperone-mediated folding.
目的:探讨分子伴侣在多肽中的作用。研究方法:本研究采用桌面方法。这项研究使用了二手数据，其中包括对已经发表的研究和报告的现有文献的回顾，这些研究和报告很容易通过在线期刊和图书馆获取。研究结果表明，分子伴侣通过稳定中间折叠状态和防止未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质聚集来协助多肽的折叠。分子伴侣在预防蛋白质错误折叠和聚集相关疾病方面至关重要，特别是在神经退行性疾病的背景下。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:该研究基于Susan L. Lindquist和Levinthal悖论提出的动力学分配模型和Cyrus Levinthal提出的分层折叠模型。该研究建议支持资助计划和研究补助金，重点研究分子伴侣在蛋白质折叠中的作用及其在各个领域的影响，包括生物技术、医学和药物发现。促进跨学科的研究努力，以解决与伴侣介导的折叠相关的挑战和机遇。
{"title":"The Role of Molecular Chaperones in Polypeptide Folding","authors":"David Ken","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of molecular chaperones in polypeptide. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study revealed that molecular chaperones assist in the folding of polypeptides by stabilizing intermediate folding states and preventing the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. Molecular chaperones are crucial in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation-associated diseases, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on The Kinetic Partitioning Model was Proposed by Susan L. Lindquist and Levinthal's Paradox and the Hierarchical Folding Model and was proposed by Cyrus Levinthal. The study recommended support funding initiatives and research grants that focus on investigating the role of molecular chaperones in protein folding and their implications in various fields, including biotechnology, medicine, and drug discovery. Promote interdisciplinary research efforts to address the challenges and opportunities associated with chaperone-mediated folding.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82041067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of genetic in sex orientation preference. Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that genetic markers and variations related to hormone regulation and neural development have been identified as potential contributors, indicating a genetic influence on sexual orientation. Epigenetic factors such as modifications in gene expression, may also be involved in shaping sexual orientation. However, it is important to note that genetics alone cannot fully determine sexual orientation, as it is influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, hormonal, and environmental factors. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on evolutionary theory of sexual orientation proposed by and epigenetic theory of sexual orientation propounded by Dr. William Rice, an evolutionary biologist. The study recommended the integration of genetic knowledge into therapeutic practices can help reduce stigma and promote self-acceptance among individuals with diverse sexual orientations. It is also crucial to promote policies that protect the rights and well-being of individuals with diverse sexual orientations and address discrimination and prejudice.
{"title":"The Role of Genetic in Sex Orientation Preference","authors":"Grayson Landon","doi":"10.47604/ijb.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.2005","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of genetic in sex orientation preference. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study found that genetic markers and variations related to hormone regulation and neural development have been identified as potential contributors, indicating a genetic influence on sexual orientation. Epigenetic factors such as modifications in gene expression, may also be involved in shaping sexual orientation. However, it is important to note that genetics alone cannot fully determine sexual orientation, as it is influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, hormonal, and environmental factors. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on evolutionary theory of sexual orientation proposed by and epigenetic theory of sexual orientation propounded by Dr. William Rice, an evolutionary biologist. The study recommended the integration of genetic knowledge into therapeutic practices can help reduce stigma and promote self-acceptance among individuals with diverse sexual orientations. It is also crucial to promote policies that protect the rights and well-being of individuals with diverse sexual orientations and address discrimination and prejudice.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80128117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of genes and proteins in neurons functioning. Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed that genes and proteins play pivotal roles in the functioning of neurons, contributing to the complex processes involved in neural development, communication, and plasticity. Genes provide the instructions for the production of proteins, which act as the building blocks and functional molecules within cells. The interplay between genes and proteins is essential for various neuronal processes, including synaptic transmission, neural circuit formation, and the modulation of neuronal activity. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the theory of synaptic plasticity which was proposed by Donald Hebb and the theory of neurotransmission which was pioneered by Otto Loewi. The study recommends that policies should be developed to promote genetic screening and testing for neurological disorders, allowing for early interventions and improved outcomes.
{"title":"The Role of Genes and Proteins in Neurons Functioning","authors":"Arjun R. Krishna","doi":"10.47604/ijb.1997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.1997","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of genes and proteins in neurons functioning. \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings: The study revealed that genes and proteins play pivotal roles in the functioning of neurons, contributing to the complex processes involved in neural development, communication, and plasticity. Genes provide the instructions for the production of proteins, which act as the building blocks and functional molecules within cells. The interplay between genes and proteins is essential for various neuronal processes, including synaptic transmission, neural circuit formation, and the modulation of neuronal activity. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the theory of synaptic plasticity which was proposed by Donald Hebb and the theory of neurotransmission which was pioneered by Otto Loewi. The study recommends that policies should be developed to promote genetic screening and testing for neurological disorders, allowing for early interventions and improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82776565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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