Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020
《国际生物学杂志》，2020年第3期，第12卷，审稿人致谢
{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 3","authors":"L. Bai","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n3p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p48","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2020","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88756243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to be able to associate a given amount to its corresponding symbol, one symbol at a time. It was here examined if they can simultaneously learn to associate the amount 1 with a corresponding symbol, the amount 2 with another symbol, the amount 3 with a third symbol, and the amount 4 with a fourth symbol, the cue to avoid being the amount 5. Thanks to operant conditioning during 156 hours and twelve successive testing experiments, it was shown that the ants can effectively memorize, in the course of a same time period, the association between the amounts 1, 2, 3, and 4 and their respective symbols. A distance effect was observed for the learning of the amounts 1 to 4 versus 5, but not for the learning of their four corresponding symbols.
{"title":"Ants Can Acquire Multiple Symbolisms","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n3p18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p18","url":null,"abstract":"The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to be able to associate a given amount to its corresponding symbol, one symbol at a time. It was here examined if they can simultaneously learn to associate the amount 1 with a corresponding symbol, the amount 2 with another symbol, the amount 3 with a third symbol, and the amount 4 with a fourth symbol, the cue to avoid being the amount 5. Thanks to operant conditioning during 156 hours and twelve successive testing experiments, it was shown that the ants can effectively memorize, in the course of a same time period, the association between the amounts 1, 2, 3, and 4 and their respective symbols. A distance effect was observed for the learning of the amounts 1 to 4 versus 5, but not for the learning of their four corresponding symbols.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80789625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti have been shown to be able to add numbers of elements after having seen them simultaneously, side by side, during training, and to be able to acquire single as well as multiple symbolism. It was here examined if these ants could make additions using learned symbols. In fact, after having learned the required symbols during a first conditioning, the ants could, thanks to a second conditioning, carry out operations 1 + 1, 1 + 2, 2 + 2 and 3 + 1 by using the quantities of elements presented as well as their corresponding symbols. This ability results from the ants’ learning of the correspondence between symbols and numbers of elements by an operative conditioning, and from their ability to add up two quantities viewed simultaneously. A comparison of the ants’ score when adding elements and when adding their corresponding symbols suggests that the use of symbolism may represent some facility for the execution of simple arithmetic operations, as is the case in higher animal species.
{"title":"Ants Can Add Up Using Learned Numeric Symbols","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n3p27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p27","url":null,"abstract":"The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti have been shown to be able to add numbers of elements after having seen them simultaneously, side by side, during training, and to be able to acquire single as well as multiple symbolism. It was here examined if these ants could make additions using learned symbols. In fact, after having learned the required symbols during a first conditioning, the ants could, thanks to a second conditioning, carry out operations 1 + 1, 1 + 2, 2 + 2 and 3 + 1 by using the quantities of elements presented as well as their corresponding symbols. This ability results from the ants’ learning of the correspondence between symbols and numbers of elements by an operative conditioning, and from their ability to add up two quantities viewed simultaneously. A comparison of the ants’ score when adding elements and when adding their corresponding symbols suggests that the use of symbolism may represent some facility for the execution of simple arithmetic operations, as is the case in higher animal species.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78214355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.20
Zh. Mynbayeva, O. V. Dryuk
Using gas chromatography, the amino acid composition of plants of the species Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrigia repens, Bassia hyssopifolia, Xanthium strumarium, growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was established. The plants studied contain a number of essential and partially replaceable amino acids, such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Glutamine amino acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, leucine, and isoleucine are found in the largest quantities. Xanthium strumarium also contains a large amount of proline. For Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrigia repens, Xanthium strumarium, 20 amino acids were detected, including traces of ornithine and hydroxyproline. For plants of the species Bassia hyssopifolia, the presence of 18 amino acids was recorded and it was noted that the accumulation of amino acids is lower compared to other species studied by us. The amino acid composition of plants growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan has its own characteristics. Differences in the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of the studied species were established with known data on plants growing in the climatic conditions of Northern Siberia and Southern Kazakhstan for Amaranthus retroflexus, Elytrigia repens, Xanthium strumarium.
{"title":"Amino acid composition of some plants growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Zh. Mynbayeva, O. V. Dryuk","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Using gas chromatography, the amino acid composition of plants of the species Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrigia repens, Bassia hyssopifolia, Xanthium strumarium, growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan was established. The plants studied contain a number of essential and partially replaceable amino acids, such as lysine, leucine and isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Glutamine amino acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, leucine, and isoleucine are found in the largest quantities. Xanthium strumarium also contains a large amount of proline. For Amaranthus retroflexus, Atriplex fera, Elytrigia repens, Xanthium strumarium, 20 amino acids were detected, including traces of ornithine and hydroxyproline. For plants of the species Bassia hyssopifolia, the presence of 18 amino acids was recorded and it was noted that the accumulation of amino acids is lower compared to other species studied by us. The amino acid composition of plants growing in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan has its own characteristics. Differences in the qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of the studied species were established with known data on plants growing in the climatic conditions of Northern Siberia and Southern Kazakhstan for Amaranthus retroflexus, Elytrigia repens, Xanthium strumarium.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85771865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.14
M. Derakhshan, A. Elhamirad, M. Javanmard, P. Sharayei, M. Armin
{"title":"Optimization of conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction of effective compounds from apple pomace (malus domestica)","authors":"M. Derakhshan, A. Elhamirad, M. Javanmard, P. Sharayei, M. Armin","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86836016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.03
L. Sutuyeva, Biotechnology Problems, T. Shalakhmetova, V. Trudeau
{"title":"Histological structure of thyroid gland and level of thyroid hormones in tadpoles exposed to oil and petroleum products","authors":"L. Sutuyeva, Biotechnology Problems, T. Shalakhmetova, V. Trudeau","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78961989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.19
F. Akhmetova, Y. Aubakirov, Larissa R. Sassykova, H. Arbag
{"title":"Research of composite catalysts for the process of thermocatalytic hydrogenation processing of plastic waste","authors":"F. Akhmetova, Y. Aubakirov, Larissa R. Sassykova, H. Arbag","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80032938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.02
H. Balouch, Z. Demırbag, B. Zayadan, A. K. Sadvakasaova, K. Bolatkhan, D. Gencer, D. Civelek
{"title":"Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial activity of psychrophilic freshwater microalgae Monoraphidium sp. from Almaty region","authors":"H. Balouch, Z. Demırbag, B. Zayadan, A. K. Sadvakasaova, K. Bolatkhan, D. Gencer, D. Civelek","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89210427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.16
A. Kenessova, G. Seilkhanova, A. Rakhym, Y. Mastai
{"title":"Composite materials based on orange and pomegranate peels for Сu (II) and Zn (II) ions extraction","authors":"A. Kenessova, G. Seilkhanova, A. Rakhym, Y. Mastai","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80197986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.09
A. Bigaliev, L. Rihvanov, B. Bekmanov, A. Zamuraeva, Linara Adilova, A. Kozhahmetova
{"title":"Study of genetic effects of radiation pollution from contaminated territories on biota and human","authors":"A. Bigaliev, L. Rihvanov, B. Bekmanov, A. Zamuraeva, Linara Adilova, A. Kozhahmetova","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74064897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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