Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i3p104
F. Jabeen, Qazi Inamur Rahman, S. Zafar
The rate of reaction is defined as the change in the number of molecules of reacting species per unit volume per unit time. Hydrolysis is the decomposition reaction involving breaking of a bond and the addition of water elements. In this hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid was used as catalyst to accelerate the reaction mixture. 1ml and 2ml of ethyl acetate was injected separately into the 500 ml conical flask which contains 0.05N of sodium hydroxide and thoroughly mixed. At regular time interval, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 90 minutes, 25ml of each of the samples were withdrawn into a 250 ml conical flask containing 0.05N hydrochloric acid, and titrated against 0.05N sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. From the value of sodium hydroxide, the hydrolysis involving the 1ml ethyl acetate was faster than that of the 2ml ethyl acetate, indicating that the higher the concentration the faster the rate of reaction. The rate constant after calculation from the graphs was approximately 0.003mincmfor the 1ml and 2ml of ethyl acetate, signifying that while the rate of reaction is concentration dependent but the rate constant is notconcentration dependent.
{"title":"Determination of rate of reaction and rate constant of the hydrolysis of ester (ethyl acetate) with alkali(sodium hydroxide)","authors":"F. Jabeen, Qazi Inamur Rahman, S. Zafar","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i3p104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i3p104","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of reaction is defined as the change in the number of molecules of reacting species per unit volume per unit time. Hydrolysis is the decomposition reaction involving breaking of a bond and the addition of water elements. In this hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid was used as catalyst to accelerate the reaction mixture. 1ml and 2ml of ethyl acetate was injected separately into the 500 ml conical flask which contains 0.05N of sodium hydroxide and thoroughly mixed. At regular time interval, 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 90 minutes, 25ml of each of the samples were withdrawn into a 250 ml conical flask containing 0.05N hydrochloric acid, and titrated against 0.05N sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. From the value of sodium hydroxide, the hydrolysis involving the 1ml ethyl acetate was faster than that of the 2ml ethyl acetate, indicating that the higher the concentration the faster the rate of reaction. The rate constant after calculation from the graphs was approximately 0.003mincmfor the 1ml and 2ml of ethyl acetate, signifying that while the rate of reaction is concentration dependent but the rate constant is notconcentration dependent.","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p106
Gang Bian, Jianing Liu, X. Pang
{"title":"Synthesis of the Zinc Borate Modified Expanded Graphite and Its Influence on Polyurethane Foam Properties","authors":"Gang Bian, Jianing Liu, X. Pang","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84137651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p103
P. Swathi, G. Muthuraman
{"title":"Extraction And Stripping Of MethyleneBlue From Industrial Wastewater By Liquid-Liquid Extraction","authors":"P. Swathi, G. Muthuraman","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73859986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p101
A. Sengupta, N. K. Gupta, B. Rajeswari, M KadamR.
{"title":"Application of Silica-Chromium Oxide Composite for the Sorption of Toxic Metals from Aqueous Stream","authors":"A. Sengupta, N. K. Gupta, B. Rajeswari, M KadamR.","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73076922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I2P104
Fionn O'Fearghail, M. Giltrap, Christine O'Connor, P. Behan
Solid state analytical techniques are becoming more widely used for the analysis of a range of organic products which demonstrate very poor solubility in both common organic and polar solvents and as such cannot be accurately characterised using solution based techniques. Primarily used as a secondary technique for qualitative analysis of insoluble intermediates and products in organic synthesis, C CP-MAS NMR can be utilised in tandem with a targeted extraction and clean up procedure for accurate quantitative analysis of insoluble bio-molecules of interest. Here solid state C CP-MAS NMR is utilised as the primary analytical technique in the characterisation of crustacean sourced chitin whereby Cancer pagurus crab shell chitin and Pandalus borealis shrimp shell chitin are shown to have a degree of acetylation greater than 90%. FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and DSC provide secondary structural, molecular and thermal analysis of the raw materials and extracted chitin.
固态分析技术正越来越广泛地用于分析一系列有机产品，这些产品在普通有机溶剂和极性溶剂中都表现出非常差的溶解度，因此不能使用基于溶液的技术准确表征。ccp - mas NMR主要用作有机合成中不溶性中间体和产物的定性分析的二级技术，可以与靶向提取和清理程序串联使用，用于对感兴趣的不溶性生物分子进行准确的定量分析。本文采用固态C - CP-MAS NMR作为鉴定甲壳类来源的几丁质的主要分析技术，其中Cancer pagurus蟹壳几丁质和Pandalus borealis虾壳几丁质的乙酰化程度大于90%。FTIR光谱、拉曼光谱和DSC对原料和提取的几丁质进行二级结构、分子和热分析。
{"title":"Improving Extraction Processes Of Crustacean Chitin Using Solid State Analytical Techniques","authors":"Fionn O'Fearghail, M. Giltrap, Christine O'Connor, P. Behan","doi":"10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I2P104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I2P104","url":null,"abstract":"Solid state analytical techniques are becoming more widely used for the analysis of a range of organic products which demonstrate very poor solubility in both common organic and polar solvents and as such cannot be accurately characterised using solution based techniques. Primarily used as a secondary technique for qualitative analysis of insoluble intermediates and products in organic synthesis, C CP-MAS NMR can be utilised in tandem with a targeted extraction and clean up procedure for accurate quantitative analysis of insoluble bio-molecules of interest. Here solid state C CP-MAS NMR is utilised as the primary analytical technique in the characterisation of crustacean sourced chitin whereby Cancer pagurus crab shell chitin and Pandalus borealis shrimp shell chitin are shown to have a degree of acetylation greater than 90%. FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and DSC provide secondary structural, molecular and thermal analysis of the raw materials and extracted chitin.","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83881369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p107
P. Varshney, Ravi Bansal, Rahul Tiwari, Halve A. K, A. Taneja
The contemporary study aims to explore the concentration of particulate matter (PM), sources and their inherent health risk of exposure in different urban and rural areas of Gwalior, India. In the month of June and July in 2017, with the help of fine particulate sampler, the fine particles (PM2.5) were collected on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter paper. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 63.02±27.71μg/m (urban) and 73.07±32.17 μg/m (rural). The metal concentration of PM2.5 was characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results publicised that mostly the toxic metals were primarilypresent in bioavailable fractions. The estimated bioavailable fractions of chromium and lead were 86.62 μg/m and 28.96 μg/m respectively shows the incremental cancer risk, indicating the potential impact on residents of urban and rural areas.
{"title":"Atmospheric Concentration of Trace Metals in PM2.5 and Their Bioavailability in Different Areas of Gwalior Region","authors":"P. Varshney, Ravi Bansal, Rahul Tiwari, Halve A. K, A. Taneja","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p107","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary study aims to explore the concentration of particulate matter (PM), sources and their inherent health risk of exposure in different urban and rural areas of Gwalior, India. In the month of June and July in 2017, with the help of fine particulate sampler, the fine particles (PM2.5) were collected on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter paper. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 63.02±27.71μg/m (urban) and 73.07±32.17 μg/m (rural). The metal concentration of PM2.5 was characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results publicised that mostly the toxic metals were primarilypresent in bioavailable fractions. The estimated bioavailable fractions of chromium and lead were 86.62 μg/m and 28.96 μg/m respectively shows the incremental cancer risk, indicating the potential impact on residents of urban and rural areas.","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75762281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p102
M. Yen
{"title":"Optimal Decolorization Efficiency of Textile Dye via a Nano-TiO2/Bamboo-Charcoal Photocatalytic Process","authors":"M. Yen","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81930847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p105
Mukhamadiyev A.N, Khalilov K.F, N. B.K., Muhamadiev N.Q
{"title":"GC-MS Investigation of Composition of Essential Oils, Extracted from Mentha Piperita and Pelargonium Roseum","authors":"Mukhamadiyev A.N, Khalilov K.F, N. B.K., Muhamadiev N.Q","doi":"10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/ijac-v6i2p105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81846129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.11648/J.AJHC.20190501.13
A. Behrami, Florent Dobroshi
In present paper, we report the organic syntheses of three compounds exactly 4-hydroxy-chromen-2-one and describe the results of antibacterial activity of purified compounds. Compounds 4-(4-Methoxy-phenylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-sulfonyl chloride (a). N-{3-[Diethoxy-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl}-acetamide (b), 4-(6-Nitro-benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (c), have been synthesized and characterized using melting points, IR spectra, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. Our research goal is synthesis novel organic compounds which prove high level of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds and streptomycin and cefalexine at concentrations of 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 5mg/ml, have been evaluated against three strains of bacterial culture; Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Bacillus cereus. The compounds show bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity in high level and also synthetized compounds has been characterized using advanced instrumental methods of analysis.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effects and Synthesized New Derivatives of 4-hydroxy-chromen-2-one","authors":"A. Behrami, Florent Dobroshi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJHC.20190501.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJHC.20190501.13","url":null,"abstract":"In present paper, we report the organic syntheses of three compounds exactly 4-hydroxy-chromen-2-one and describe the results of antibacterial activity of purified compounds. Compounds 4-(4-Methoxy-phenylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-sulfonyl chloride (a). N-{3-[Diethoxy-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl}-acetamide (b), 4-(6-Nitro-benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (c), have been synthesized and characterized using melting points, IR spectra, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. Our research goal is synthesis novel organic compounds which prove high level of antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds and streptomycin and cefalexine at concentrations of 2mg/ml, 3mg/ml and 5mg/ml, have been evaluated against three strains of bacterial culture; Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Bacillus cereus. The compounds show bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity in high level and also synthetized compounds has been characterized using advanced instrumental methods of analysis.","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78375585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-25DOI: 10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I1P109
A.B.Fathima Rifana
{"title":"Evaluation of Allelopathic and Antifungal Activity of Selected Seaweeds","authors":"A.B.Fathima Rifana","doi":"10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I1P109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14445/23939133/IJAC-V6I1P109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13860,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88966723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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