Background: Determination of women’s attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test are so important to overcome barriers and provide screening behavior. The aim of this study was to determine women’s attitude and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test according to Health Belief Model. Methods: The study was conducted with a sample of 611 women who applied to the hospital, which is located in Turkey. Characteristics of women questionnaire and Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test are used for the study. Results: In the study, 31.3% of women had pap smear test and women who had higher socioeconomic status, who had children, had gynecological examination regularly and who were at an advanced age were most likely to have pap smear test. Women with low socio-economic status (education, employment and income status) had low score from health motivation and high score from perceived barriers. Women who had regular gynecological examination had the pap smear test, heard and had information about the test were found to have the higher score for benefits of pap smear tests and health motivation and lower score from perceived barriers subscale. The most important barrier for having pap smear test was found as male doctor (53.9%). Susceptibility score was lower in employed, younger women and women who heard pap smear test. Barriers score was high in younger women, women with three or more children and women who had stillbirth. Conclusion: Negative beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer and lower socioeconomic status affect the rate of having pap smear test.
{"title":"Women's Attitude and Beliefs about Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test by using the Health Belief Model","authors":"Yanikkerem Emre, Selçuk Aslı Karakuş, Esmeray Nicole","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Determination of women’s attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test are so important to overcome barriers and provide screening behavior. The aim of this study was to determine women’s attitude and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test according to Health Belief Model. Methods: The study was conducted with a sample of 611 women who applied to the hospital, which is located in Turkey. Characteristics of women questionnaire and Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test are used for the study. Results: In the study, 31.3% of women had pap smear test and women who had higher socioeconomic status, who had children, had gynecological examination regularly and who were at an advanced age were most likely to have pap smear test. Women with low socio-economic status (education, employment and income status) had low score from health motivation and high score from perceived barriers. Women who had regular gynecological examination had the pap smear test, heard and had information about the test were found to have the higher score for benefits of pap smear tests and health motivation and lower score from perceived barriers subscale. The most important barrier for having pap smear test was found as male doctor (53.9%). Susceptibility score was lower in employed, younger women and women who heard pap smear test. Barriers score was high in younger women, women with three or more children and women who had stillbirth. Conclusion: Negative beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer and lower socioeconomic status affect the rate of having pap smear test.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75054895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410101
A AbdulrahmanMohammed, M ShaheenSiddik, N'dri N'Sanh Mrs, AtifElagib, Osman Aa, A ElimamManal, Mohammed Sulma Ibrahim
Background: Currently, cancer constitutes a public health problem in Sudan. Many factors play a role in increasing the cancer risk in Sudanese people, which include environment, genes, occupation and gender. This study is carried out to investigate the cancer incidence differences between men and women in Sudan. Methods: In this descriptive study, data on 45413patients diagnosed with cancer throughout Sudan over five-year period (2009-2013) were collected and analyzed according to gender. Cancer types (n = 35). Results: The study revealed that in 80% (28 out of 35) of the cancer types examined excluding sex-specific cancers (prostate and breast), male were significantly diagnosed more than females with cancer. Conclusion: In Sudan, during the period 2009-2013, men were diagnosed more with cancers than women and therefore they may be more susceptible to cancer.
{"title":"The Disparities of Cancer Incidence between Sudanese Men and Women","authors":"A AbdulrahmanMohammed, M ShaheenSiddik, N'dri N'Sanh Mrs, AtifElagib, Osman Aa, A ElimamManal, Mohammed Sulma Ibrahim","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Currently, cancer constitutes a public health problem in Sudan. Many factors play a role in increasing the cancer risk in Sudanese people, which include environment, genes, occupation and gender. This study is carried out to investigate the cancer incidence differences between men and women in Sudan. Methods: In this descriptive study, data on 45413patients diagnosed with cancer throughout Sudan over five-year period (2009-2013) were collected and analyzed according to gender. Cancer types (n = 35). Results: The study revealed that in 80% (28 out of 35) of the cancer types examined excluding sex-specific cancers (prostate and breast), male were significantly diagnosed more than females with cancer. Conclusion: In Sudan, during the period 2009-2013, men were diagnosed more with cancers than women and therefore they may be more susceptible to cancer.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"749 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78787472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410097
Russell Roberts Arthi Reddy, S. Divya, Packianathan Satyaseelan, G. Shankar, V. Srinivasan
Objectives: Prostate cancer is the one of the commonest cancers in American men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. In 2012, the US Preventative Task Force recommended against the prostate specific antigen-based screening test for prostate cancer due to overtreatment of low-risk disease and lack of impact on outcomes. In the general population, African-American men have 60% higher incidence and 200-300% greater mortality rate from prostate cancer than Caucasian men. Additionally, many veterans have been exposed to chemicals that increase incidence of high-risk prostate cancer. Considering these factors, we examine whether or not it is appropriate to screen African-American veteran males for prostate cancer. Methodology: We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search using pertinent terms, such as African-American veteran, prostate cancer, mortality, PSA density, molecular markers, and Agent Orange. The articles that were relevant to the clinical, molecular, social, and health policy aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in African-American veterans were analyzed. The data was then summarized. Results: After surveying the literature, there were several areas where the African-American veteran population differed from their Caucasian counterparts: Incidence, clinical course, social differences, PSA levels, mortality rate, and molecular markers. A subset of the veteran population was also exposed to Agent Orange, which has been shown to increase the incidence of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Lastly, the current USPTF guidelines recommending against prostate cancer screening were based on patient cohorts containing disproportionately low numbers of African-Americans, limiting their extension to the African-American veteran population. Conclusion: After reviewing and summarizing the literature, we contend that a need exists to develop and implement more targeted prostate cancer screening guidelines for African-American veterans.
{"title":"A Review of Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines for African American Veterans","authors":"Russell Roberts Arthi Reddy, S. Divya, Packianathan Satyaseelan, G. Shankar, V. Srinivasan","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410097","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Prostate cancer is the one of the commonest cancers in American men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. In 2012, the US Preventative Task Force recommended against the prostate specific antigen-based screening test for prostate cancer due to overtreatment of low-risk disease and lack of impact on outcomes. In the general population, African-American men have 60% higher incidence and 200-300% greater mortality rate from prostate cancer than Caucasian men. Additionally, many veterans have been exposed to chemicals that increase incidence of high-risk prostate cancer. Considering these factors, we examine whether or not it is appropriate to screen African-American veteran males for prostate cancer. Methodology: We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search using pertinent terms, such as African-American veteran, prostate cancer, mortality, PSA density, molecular markers, and Agent Orange. The articles that were relevant to the clinical, molecular, social, and health policy aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in African-American veterans were analyzed. The data was then summarized. Results: After surveying the literature, there were several areas where the African-American veteran population differed from their Caucasian counterparts: Incidence, clinical course, social differences, PSA levels, mortality rate, and molecular markers. A subset of the veteran population was also exposed to Agent Orange, which has been shown to increase the incidence of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Lastly, the current USPTF guidelines recommending against prostate cancer screening were based on patient cohorts containing disproportionately low numbers of African-Americans, limiting their extension to the African-American veteran population. Conclusion: After reviewing and summarizing the literature, we contend that a need exists to develop and implement more targeted prostate cancer screening guidelines for African-American veterans.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74894227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410099
Y. Khin, W. Peh, K. Chang, S. Mya
We report a 12-year-old Chinese girl with high-grade osteosarcoma of the thoracic spine, a rare site for a rare tumour. Radiograph showed a dense T9 vertebral body resembling an ivory vertebra. Bone scintigraphy revealed abnormal tracer uptake in the T9 vertebral body and posterior elements. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T1and T2hypointense signal in the T9 vertebral body and the posterior elements, with diffuse enhancement. There was an associated heterogeneously-enhancing paravertebral soft tissue component surrounding the T9 vertebral body and the posterior elements, which extended into the epidural space encasing the thecal sac, spinal cord and bilateral intervertebral foramina. Computed tomography showed patchy but extensive mineralisation of all these soft tissue components. She was treated with T9 corpectomy, cord decompression and posterior instrumentation, followed by chemotherapy, with subsequent clinical improvement. The radiological features and differential diagnosis of thoracic spine osteosarcoma are discussed.
{"title":"High-Grade Primary Osteosarcoma of the Thoracic Spine Presenting as an Ivory Vertebra","authors":"Y. Khin, W. Peh, K. Chang, S. Mya","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410099","url":null,"abstract":"We report a 12-year-old Chinese girl with high-grade osteosarcoma of the thoracic spine, a rare site for a rare tumour. Radiograph showed a dense T9 vertebral body resembling an ivory vertebra. Bone scintigraphy revealed abnormal tracer uptake in the T9 vertebral body and posterior elements. Magnetic resonance imaging showed T1and T2hypointense signal in the T9 vertebral body and the posterior elements, with diffuse enhancement. There was an associated heterogeneously-enhancing paravertebral soft tissue component surrounding the T9 vertebral body and the posterior elements, which extended into the epidural space encasing the thecal sac, spinal cord and bilateral intervertebral foramina. Computed tomography showed patchy but extensive mineralisation of all these soft tissue components. She was treated with T9 corpectomy, cord decompression and posterior instrumentation, followed by chemotherapy, with subsequent clinical improvement. The radiological features and differential diagnosis of thoracic spine osteosarcoma are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90085095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410091
Hegazy Mw, B. Moftah, O Hassad
Aim: To compare which radiotherapy technique is better in retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) rapid Arc (RA) or 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT). Methods and materials: Our study was on 10 patients with RPS diagnosed and treated at king Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, planned for pre or postoperative radiation therapy with prescribed dose of 45Gy in 25 fractions. In both techniques, we looked at planning target volume (PTV) coverage, dose homogeneity and organs at risk dose (stomach, bowel, liver, kidneys and spinal cord). Results: The PTV coverage, liver and stomach doses were similar in both plans however; RA significantly had better dose conformity (0.8 vs. 0.4, p = 0.034), dose homogeneity (1.08 vs. 1.3, p = 0.026), less bowel volume (V45 140cc vs. 243cc, p = 0.03) and lower Spinal cord dose (61% vs. 80%, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Both plans achieved similar target coverage and organs at risk sparing however; RA showed statistically significant better dose homogeneity, bowel sparing volume and lower spinal cord dose in treating RPS by pre or postoperative radiation therapy.
目的:比较腹膜后肉瘤(RPS)快速弧光灯(RA)和三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)哪种放疗技术更好。方法与材料:本研究选取10例在沙特阿拉伯利雅得费萨尔国王专科医院和研究中心诊断和治疗的RPS患者，计划术前或术后放射治疗，处方剂量为45Gy，分25次。在这两种技术中，我们研究了计划靶体积(PTV)覆盖率、剂量均匀性和危险剂量器官(胃、肠、肝、肾和脊髓)。结果:两种方案的PTV覆盖率、肝脏和胃剂量相似;RA具有更好的剂量一致性(0.8 vs. 0.4, p = 0.034)、剂量均匀性(1.08 vs. 1.3, p = 0.026)、更小的肠容量(V45 140cc vs. 243cc, p = 0.03)和更低的脊髓剂量(61% vs. 80%， p = 0.043)。结论:两种方案均实现了相似的靶区覆盖和器官风险保护;RA术前或术后放疗治疗RPS均表现出较好的剂量均匀性、肠保留体积和较低的脊髓剂量。
{"title":"Which Has Better Dosimetry in Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: Rapid Arc or 3D Conformal Radiotherapy Techniques?","authors":"Hegazy Mw, B. Moftah, O Hassad","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410091","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare which radiotherapy technique is better in retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) rapid Arc (RA) or 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT). Methods and materials: Our study was on 10 patients with RPS diagnosed and treated at king Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, planned for pre or postoperative radiation therapy with prescribed dose of 45Gy in 25 fractions. In both techniques, we looked at planning target volume (PTV) coverage, dose homogeneity and organs at risk dose (stomach, bowel, liver, kidneys and spinal cord). Results: The PTV coverage, liver and stomach doses were similar in both plans however; RA significantly had better dose conformity (0.8 vs. 0.4, p = 0.034), dose homogeneity (1.08 vs. 1.3, p = 0.026), less bowel volume (V45 140cc vs. 243cc, p = 0.03) and lower Spinal cord dose (61% vs. 80%, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Both plans achieved similar target coverage and organs at risk sparing however; RA showed statistically significant better dose homogeneity, bowel sparing volume and lower spinal cord dose in treating RPS by pre or postoperative radiation therapy.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87039144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410090
K. Vineet, R. Jose, M. Sophie, Chowdhury Ruhe, Karapanagiotou Eleni, Lal Rohit
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are changing the landscape in management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are two important co-inhibitory receptors which can lead to suppression of T-cell function when bound to its ligands. Results from multiple large randomised phase 3 trials have shown a significant improvement in overall survival with durable response in selected group of patients following immune checkpoint blockage compared to second lines chemotherapy. Emerging evidences have shown promising responses to treatment in patients whose tumour has programmed cell death ligand -1 (PD-L1) ≥ 50% expression compared to standard first line platinum-based chemotherapy. Combination therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other agents including chemotherapy are underway. Here we summarize the results of immune checkpoint blockade trials when used as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.
{"title":"A Literature Review on Current Evidence of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"K. Vineet, R. Jose, M. Sophie, Chowdhury Ruhe, Karapanagiotou Eleni, Lal Rohit","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410090","url":null,"abstract":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors are changing the landscape in management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are two important co-inhibitory receptors which can lead to suppression of T-cell function when bound to its ligands. Results from multiple large randomised phase 3 trials have shown a significant improvement in overall survival with durable response in selected group of patients following immune checkpoint blockage compared to second lines chemotherapy. Emerging evidences have shown promising responses to treatment in patients whose tumour has programmed cell death ligand -1 (PD-L1) ≥ 50% expression compared to standard first line platinum-based chemotherapy. Combination therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other agents including chemotherapy are underway. Here we summarize the results of immune checkpoint blockade trials when used as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410093
Saadani Ch, H. Baybay, Hakima Elmahi, K. Elboukhari, S. Gallouj, I Souaf, F. Mernissi
Background: Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) or metatypical carcinoma is a poorly known cutaneous tumor that is considered as an aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma with an increased risk of recurrences and metastases. The most common onset is in the head and neck region. Methods: We present two cases of basosquamous carcinoma of lower extremity, in which a longstanding lesion initially diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma for one case, and as squamous cell carcinoma for the second case, and were later found to have basosquamous histology. Both patients received surgical treatment with good evolution. Conclusion: Metatypical basal cell carcinoma or basosquamous Cell carcinoma (BSCC), is a rare skin carcinoma, potentially aggressive entity with clinical and pathological characteristics of CBC and CSC, considered as a variant of CBC, but is currently defined as a tumor complex. Although clinically similar to BCC, it is more aggressive and metastasizes more frequently. Clinical differentiation of BSC and BCC is impossible owing to their clinical similarity. Dermoscopic patterns may facilitate early diagnosis and accurate management. Confirmation remains histological, showing areas typical for both BCC and SCC. Immunohistochemical examination may provide additional data for a more accurate diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals a metastatic rate greater than that of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and identifies several important characteristics that impact prognosis after surgical resection. It’s important to have an early diagnosis and compulsory excision and a regular follow-up in order to avoid the significant morbidity and even mortality associated with this aggressive carcinoma of the skin.
{"title":"Basosquamous Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature","authors":"Saadani Ch, H. Baybay, Hakima Elmahi, K. Elboukhari, S. Gallouj, I Souaf, F. Mernissi","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410093","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Basosquamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) or metatypical carcinoma is a poorly known cutaneous tumor that is considered as an aggressive type of basal cell carcinoma with an increased risk of recurrences and metastases. The most common onset is in the head and neck region. Methods: We present two cases of basosquamous carcinoma of lower extremity, in which a longstanding lesion initially diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma for one case, and as squamous cell carcinoma for the second case, and were later found to have basosquamous histology. Both patients received surgical treatment with good evolution. Conclusion: Metatypical basal cell carcinoma or basosquamous Cell carcinoma (BSCC), is a rare skin carcinoma, potentially aggressive entity with clinical and pathological characteristics of CBC and CSC, considered as a variant of CBC, but is currently defined as a tumor complex. Although clinically similar to BCC, it is more aggressive and metastasizes more frequently. Clinical differentiation of BSC and BCC is impossible owing to their clinical similarity. Dermoscopic patterns may facilitate early diagnosis and accurate management. Confirmation remains histological, showing areas typical for both BCC and SCC. Immunohistochemical examination may provide additional data for a more accurate diagnosis. Review of the literature reveals a metastatic rate greater than that of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and identifies several important characteristics that impact prognosis after surgical resection. It’s important to have an early diagnosis and compulsory excision and a regular follow-up in order to avoid the significant morbidity and even mortality associated with this aggressive carcinoma of the skin.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79899931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01Epub Date: 2017-10-16DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/1410083
Andrew D Frugé, John A Dasher, David Bryan, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Gary R Hunter
Background: Obesity and weight gain after the diagnosis of prostate cancer are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence and mortality; individualized plans to help prostate cancer survivors maintain or lose weight may be beneficial for recurrence risk reduction. Herein, we explore whether gains in cardiovascular fitness predict successful weight loss in men participating in a weight loss trial (NCT01886677).
Methods: Forty men were randomized to receive twice-weekly in-person and telephone-based guidance on calorie-restricted diets and aerobic exercise to promote ~0.91 kg/week weight loss, or wait-list control. Thirty-two men completed submaximal VO2 Treadmill Tests (TT), anthropometric measures and two 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and follow-up. For this secondary analysis, study arms were combined and associations between baseline and longitudinal changes in physiological effort (PE, measured by heart rate during TT), predicted VO2max, caloric intake and weight loss were analyzed.
Results: Men lost 3.4 kg in 50 ± 23 days on the study. Multivariate linear regression indicated weight change was associated with change in PE at stage 2TT (Partial R = 0.635, p < 0.001), days on study (Partial R = -0.589, p = 0.002) and change in caloric intake (Partial R = 0.457, p = 0.019).
Conclusions: Untrained men experiencing elevated heart rates during stage 2TT at baseline were able to achieve greater weight loss over the study period; this association was strengthened by a decrease in PE at the same level from baseline to follow-up concomitant with reduced caloric intake. Therefore, for these middle-aged and older men with lower aerobic fitness, exercise appears to be a key factor in achieving higher degrees of weight loss.
背景:前列腺癌诊断后的肥胖和体重增加与前列腺癌复发和死亡风险增加相关;帮助前列腺癌幸存者维持或减肥的个体化计划可能有利于降低复发风险。在此，我们探讨心血管健康的增加是否能预测参加减肥试验的男性成功减肥(NCT01886677)。方法:40名男性随机接受每周两次的面对面和基于电话的卡路里限制饮食和有氧运动指导，以促进约0.91 kg/周的体重减轻，或等待名单控制。32名男性在基线和随访期间完成了亚最大摄氧量跑步机测试(TT)、人体测量和两次24小时饮食回顾。在这一次要分析中，研究组被合并，并分析了生理努力(PE，通过TT期间的心率测量)、预测最大摄氧量、热量摄入和体重减轻的基线和纵向变化之间的关系。结果:在50±23天的研究中，男性体重减轻了3.4公斤。多元线性回归表明，体重变化与第2TT期PE变化(偏R = 0.635, p < 0.001)、研究天数(偏R = -0.589, p = 0.002)和热量摄入变化(偏R = 0.457, p = 0.019)相关。结论:未经训练的男性在2TT阶段基线心率升高能够在研究期间实现更大的体重减轻;从基线到随访期间，PE在同一水平上的降低，伴随着热量摄入的减少，这种关联得到了加强。因此，对于这些有氧适能较低的中老年男性来说，运动似乎是实现更高程度减肥的关键因素。
{"title":"Physiological Effort in Submaximal Fitness Tests Predicts Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Men with Prostate Cancer in a Weight Loss Trial.","authors":"Andrew D Frugé, John A Dasher, David Bryan, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Gary R Hunter","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/1410083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/1410083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and weight gain after the diagnosis of prostate cancer are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence and mortality; individualized plans to help prostate cancer survivors maintain or lose weight may be beneficial for recurrence risk reduction. Herein, we explore whether gains in cardiovascular fitness predict successful weight loss in men participating in a weight loss trial (NCT01886677).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty men were randomized to receive twice-weekly in-person and telephone-based guidance on calorie-restricted diets and aerobic exercise to promote ~0.91 kg/week weight loss, or wait-list control. Thirty-two men completed submaximal VO<sub>2</sub> Treadmill Tests (TT), anthropometric measures and two 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and follow-up. For this secondary analysis, study arms were combined and associations between baseline and longitudinal changes in physiological effort (PE, measured by heart rate during TT), predicted VO<sub>2max</sub>, caloric intake and weight loss were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men lost 3.4 kg in 50 ± 23 days on the study. Multivariate linear regression indicated weight change was associated with change in PE at stage 2TT (Partial R = 0.635, p < 0.001), days on study (Partial R = -0.589, p = 0.002) and change in caloric intake (Partial R = 0.457, p = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Untrained men experiencing elevated heart rates during stage 2TT at baseline were able to achieve greater weight loss over the study period; this association was strengthened by a decrease in PE at the same level from baseline to follow-up concomitant with reduced caloric intake. Therefore, for these middle-aged and older men with lower aerobic fitness, exercise appears to be a key factor in achieving higher degrees of weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5846475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35919407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-09DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/3/1/1037
R. Franklin, J. Zou, Yao Zheng, M. Naslund, L. Costello
Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. This is mainly due to the absence of an available efficacious chemotherapy despite decades of research in pursuit of effective treatment approaches. A plausible target for the treatment is the established clinical relationship that the zinc levels in the malignant cells are markedly decreased compared to the normal epithelium in virtually all cases of prostate cancer, and at all stages malignancy. The decrease in zinc results from the downregulation of the functional zinc uptake transporter, ZIP1; which occurs during early development of prostate malignancy. This is an essential requirement for the development of malignancy to prevent the cytotoxic/tumor-suppressor effects of increased zinc on the premalignant and malignant cells. Thus prostate cancer is a ZIP1-deficient malignancy. This relationship provides the basis for a treatment regimen that will facilitate the uptake and accumulation of zinc into the premalignant and malignant cells. In this report we employed a zinc ionophore (clioquinol) approach in the treatment of mice with human ZIP1-deficient prostate tumors (ectopic xenograft model). Clioquinol treatment resulted in 85%inhibition of tumor growth due to the cytotoxic effects of zinc. Coupled with additional results from earlier studies, the compelling evidence provides a plausible approach for the effective treatment of human prostate cancer; including primary site malignancy, hormone-resistant cancer, and metastasis. Additionally, this approach might be effective in preventing the development of malignancy in individuals suspected of presenting with early development of malignancy. Clinical trials are now required in leading to the potential for an efficacious zinc-treatment approach, which is urgently needed for the treatment of prostate cancer.
{"title":"Zinc Ionophore (Clioquinol) Inhibition of Human ZIP1-Deficient Prostate Tumor Growth in the Mouse Ectopic Xenograft Model: A Zinc Approach for the Efficacious Treatment of Prostate Cancer","authors":"R. Franklin, J. Zou, Yao Zheng, M. Naslund, L. Costello","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/3/1/1037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/3/1/1037","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. This is mainly due to the absence of an available efficacious chemotherapy despite decades of research in pursuit of effective treatment approaches. A plausible target for the treatment is the established clinical relationship that the zinc levels in the malignant cells are markedly decreased compared to the normal epithelium in virtually all cases of prostate cancer, and at all stages malignancy. The decrease in zinc results from the downregulation of the functional zinc uptake transporter, ZIP1; which occurs during early development of prostate malignancy. This is an essential requirement for the development of malignancy to prevent the cytotoxic/tumor-suppressor effects of increased zinc on the premalignant and malignant cells. Thus prostate cancer is a ZIP1-deficient malignancy. This relationship provides the basis for a treatment regimen that will facilitate the uptake and accumulation of zinc into the premalignant and malignant cells. In this report we employed a zinc ionophore (clioquinol) approach in the treatment of mice with human ZIP1-deficient prostate tumors (ectopic xenograft model). Clioquinol treatment resulted in 85%inhibition of tumor growth due to the cytotoxic effects of zinc. Coupled with additional results from earlier studies, the compelling evidence provides a plausible approach for the effective treatment of human prostate cancer; including primary site malignancy, hormone-resistant cancer, and metastasis. Additionally, this approach might be effective in preventing the development of malignancy in individuals suspected of presenting with early development of malignancy. Clinical trials are now required in leading to the potential for an efficacious zinc-treatment approach, which is urgently needed for the treatment of prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89978797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-14DOI: 10.23937/2378-3419/2/4/1029
C. O'Sullivan
Dysregulation of the cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway in cancer cells may inhibit senescence and promote cellular proliferation. By using various different mechanisms, malignant cells may increase cyclin D-dependent activity. The cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway controls the cell cycle restriction point, and is commonly dysregulated in breast cancer; making it a rational target for anticancer therapy. To date, three oral highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are in various stages of clinical development: PD0332991 (palbociclib), LEE011 (ribociclib) and LY2835219 (abemaciclib). Results from phase I, II and III trials in hormone-receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer have been encouraging, demonstrating convincing efficacy and a tolerable side-effect profile (mainly uncomplicated neutropenia). This article will review the preclinical and clinical development of the CDK4/6i, as well as reviewing the existing preclinical evidence regarding combination of these agents with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies. Future and ongoing clinical trials, which may expand the potential application of these agents, will also be discussed. In summary, CDK4/6i are exciting compounds which may change the therapeutic landscape of HR-positive breast cancer.
{"title":"Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Hormone-Receptor Positive Advanced Breast Cancer-The Emerging Role of CDK4/6 Inhibitors","authors":"C. O'Sullivan","doi":"10.23937/2378-3419/2/4/1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2378-3419/2/4/1029","url":null,"abstract":"Dysregulation of the cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway in cancer cells may inhibit senescence and promote cellular proliferation. By using various different mechanisms, malignant cells may increase cyclin D-dependent activity. The cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway controls the cell cycle restriction point, and is commonly dysregulated in breast cancer; making it a rational target for anticancer therapy. To date, three oral highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are in various stages of clinical development: PD0332991 (palbociclib), LEE011 (ribociclib) and LY2835219 (abemaciclib). Results from phase I, II and III trials in hormone-receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer have been encouraging, demonstrating convincing efficacy and a tolerable side-effect profile (mainly uncomplicated neutropenia). This article will review the preclinical and clinical development of the CDK4/6i, as well as reviewing the existing preclinical evidence regarding combination of these agents with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies. Future and ongoing clinical trials, which may expand the potential application of these agents, will also be discussed. In summary, CDK4/6i are exciting compounds which may change the therapeutic landscape of HR-positive breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":13873,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cancer and clinical research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81564601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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