Kamthe H. J, Ghante P.H, Hingole D. G, Khaire P. B
Eight bioagents and eight botanicals eleven treatment of each of them were evaluated in a laboratory environment and the results showed that all of the fungicides strongly suppressed S. rolfsii mycelia growth compared to the untreated control. Azoxystrobin, Hexaconazole, Penconazole, Propiconazole, and Carbendazim+Mancozeb showed the highest mycelia growth suppression (100%) and were followed by Carbendazim (96.60%). In case of bioagents, Trichoderma viride had the highest mycelial growth inhibition in bioagents (69.62%), followed by T. harzianum (66.66) and in terms of botanicals, Zingiber offcinalis (83.34%) was the botanical that considerably inhibited mycelial growth mostly, followed by Allium sativum (85.64).
{"title":"Laboratory management of Sclerotium rolfsii pathogen by different test to check the efficacy of plant products, biocontrol agents and fungicides","authors":"Kamthe H. J, Ghante P.H, Hingole D. G, Khaire P. B","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4117","url":null,"abstract":"Eight bioagents and eight botanicals eleven treatment of each of them were evaluated in a laboratory environment and the results showed that all of the fungicides strongly suppressed S. rolfsii mycelia growth compared to the untreated control. Azoxystrobin, Hexaconazole, Penconazole, Propiconazole, and Carbendazim+Mancozeb showed the highest mycelia growth suppression (100%) and were followed by Carbendazim (96.60%). In case of bioagents, Trichoderma viride had the highest mycelial growth inhibition in bioagents (69.62%), followed by T. harzianum (66.66) and in terms of botanicals, Zingiber offcinalis (83.34%) was the botanical that considerably inhibited mycelial growth mostly, followed by Allium sativum (85.64).","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82302799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pepper cultivation is one of the vegetables that are widely produced in the world. The use of mycorrhiza in sustainable agriculture can be an environmentally friendly and economical agriculture strategy. The purpose of the study; is to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on plant growth development, yield and mycorrhizal dependency. The hypothesis to be tested is; inoculation of mycorrhiza increases pepper plant growth parameters. The experiment was established as a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions in February 2018 and harvested in April 2018. BT 16-90 F1 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) species seeds were used with mycorrhiza Claroideoglomus Etunicatum and without mycorrhiza inoculation with three replications. Before harvesting, plant height and leaf diameter were measured. At harvest, the dry and fresh weights of the root and shoot were measured. In addition, some of the root morphological properties (like root diameter, root length, root surface area and root volume) were determined by using WinRhizo program. In addition, mycorrhizal root infections were determined. Mycorrhizal dependency was calculated by using dry matter data. Research findings showed that mycorrhizal inoculation increased pepper plant root, shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height, and leaf diameter. In addition, the root length of the plants with mycorrhiza inoculation (as 3921 cm pot-1) was higher than without mycorrhiza (with 1945 cm pot-1) treatments. The pepper plant has a high mycorrhizal dependency (71.9%) with Cl. Etunicatum inoculation. The results shown that Cl. Etunicatum inoculation increased pepper plant growth and development. Also, the pepper plant is a highly mycorrhiza-dependent plant.
{"title":"The Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Pepper Plant Growth and Mycorrhizal Dependency","authors":"Efe Soylu, M. Işik, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4121","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper cultivation is one of the vegetables that are widely produced in the world. The use of mycorrhiza in sustainable agriculture can be an environmentally friendly and economical agriculture strategy. The purpose of the study; is to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation on plant growth development, yield and mycorrhizal dependency. The hypothesis to be tested is; inoculation of mycorrhiza increases pepper plant growth parameters. The experiment was established as a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions in February 2018 and harvested in April 2018. BT 16-90 F1 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) species seeds were used with mycorrhiza Claroideoglomus Etunicatum and without mycorrhiza inoculation with three replications. Before harvesting, plant height and leaf diameter were measured. At harvest, the dry and fresh weights of the root and shoot were measured. In addition, some of the root morphological properties (like root diameter, root length, root surface area and root volume) were determined by using WinRhizo program. In addition, mycorrhizal root infections were determined. Mycorrhizal dependency was calculated by using dry matter data. Research findings showed that mycorrhizal inoculation increased pepper plant root, shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height, and leaf diameter. In addition, the root length of the plants with mycorrhiza inoculation (as 3921 cm pot-1) was higher than without mycorrhiza (with 1945 cm pot-1) treatments. The pepper plant has a high mycorrhizal dependency (71.9%) with Cl. Etunicatum inoculation. The results shown that Cl. Etunicatum inoculation increased pepper plant growth and development. Also, the pepper plant is a highly mycorrhiza-dependent plant.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86369310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fresh water Lakes are suitable habitat for birds along with food and water. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the diversity of avian fauna in Melamadai Lake in Madurai district, Tamilnadu state. The duration of study period in January 2021 to December 2021. Eighty-four species of birds were observed, belonging to 41 families, 18 order in Melamadai lake. In this study recorded in Least concern (LC) 79 species and Near Threatened (NT)Five species. The five Near Threatened species - Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster ), Pied Cuckoo-dove(Reinwardtoena browni ), Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) and Painted Stork-(Mycteria leucocephala)- are protected under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The diversity of avifauna is taken for identifying the importance of biodiversity for Madurai which is among the top ten tourism sites of world. The role of urban areas in functions such as provision of ecosystem services will largely be determined by patterns of biodiversity within that area.
{"title":"Bird diversity of in and around Melamadai Lake Madurai city, Tamil Nadu state, India; A preliminary study","authors":"Selvaraj Selvamurugan","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4119","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh water Lakes are suitable habitat for birds along with food and water. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the diversity of avian fauna in Melamadai Lake in Madurai district, Tamilnadu state. The duration of study period in January 2021 to December 2021. Eighty-four species of birds were observed, belonging to 41 families, 18 order in Melamadai lake. In this study recorded in Least concern (LC) 79 species and Near Threatened (NT)Five species. The five Near Threatened species - Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster ), Pied Cuckoo-dove(Reinwardtoena browni ), Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) and Painted Stork-(Mycteria leucocephala)- are protected under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The diversity of avifauna is taken for identifying the importance of biodiversity for Madurai which is among the top ten tourism sites of world. The role of urban areas in functions such as provision of ecosystem services will largely be determined by patterns of biodiversity within that area.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75141392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock sector contributes 4.11 per cent GDP. According to United States Department Agriculture 2018, 80 million households were engaged in dairy farming and majority of them are small scale, marginal farmers. The dairy farming has been considered as a potential means of employment and socio-economic development for people in rural areas. Uttarakhand trails behind from highest milk producing states due to less growth rate in milk production focused should be given to the improved dairy farming to increase milk production and development of dairy industry. The present study was conducted in Kumaon division of Uttarakhand state to find out the relationship between socio economic profile of dairy farmers with their extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices. Udham Singh Nagar district was selected as for the study. Total 100 respondents from these villages were selected. It was resulted that respondents with higher education, higher land holdings, higher dairy farming experience, higher annual income, higher milk production higher social participation, higher risk preference and higher economic motivation tends to have more extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices as they are found to have a significant and positive relationship with extent of adoption of dairy farming practices.
{"title":"Relationship between socio economic profiles of dairy farmers with extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices in Kumaon division of Uttarakhand.","authors":"Priyanka Khurana, Arpita Sharma Kandpal","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.419","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock sector contributes 4.11 per cent GDP. According to United States Department Agriculture 2018, 80 million households were engaged in dairy farming and majority of them are small scale, marginal farmers. The dairy farming has been considered as a potential means of employment and socio-economic development for people in rural areas. Uttarakhand trails behind from highest milk producing states due to less growth rate in milk production focused should be given to the improved dairy farming to increase milk production and development of dairy industry. The present study was conducted in Kumaon division of Uttarakhand state to find out the relationship between socio economic profile of dairy farmers with their extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices. Udham Singh Nagar district was selected as for the study. Total 100 respondents from these villages were selected. It was resulted that respondents with higher education, higher land holdings, higher dairy farming experience, higher annual income, higher milk production higher social participation, higher risk preference and higher economic motivation tends to have more extent of adoption of improved dairy farming practices as they are found to have a significant and positive relationship with extent of adoption of dairy farming practices.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85209414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sushma Sharma, Shikha Sharma, Yasha Limbu, A. Shrestha
Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) is a serious disease which hampers production of rice. The field research was conducted in PMAMP, PIU, Siraha Dhangadimai-10, Kuduwa to evaluate the efficacy of various chemicals against rice blast. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments (6 chemicals and 1 control) and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Chemicals namely Hexaconazole5%(SC), Carbendazim12%+ Mancozeb 63%(WP), Azoxystrobin 18.2 % + Difenoconazole 11.4% (SC), Thiophonate-Methyl 70%wp, Kasugamycin 2% Wp and Floxystrobin+tubuconazole were used for this experiment. Azoxystrobin18.2 % + Difenoconazole 11.4 % (SC) was recorded as the best chemical followed by Carbendazim12%+Mancozeb 63%WP to control rice blast. The highest disease severity was seen at the control plot. The highest yield was observed in plot with Azoxystrobin+Difenconazole (5.16mt/ha) followed by Carbendazim12%+ Mancozeb 63%WP(5.12mt/ha).
{"title":"Evaluation on the efficacy of different chemical fungicides against rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) under field condition at Siraha, Nepal","authors":"Sushma Sharma, Shikha Sharma, Yasha Limbu, A. Shrestha","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.416","url":null,"abstract":"Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) is a serious disease which hampers production of rice. The field research was conducted in PMAMP, PIU, Siraha Dhangadimai-10, Kuduwa to evaluate the efficacy of various chemicals against rice blast. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments (6 chemicals and 1 control) and each treatment was replicated 3 times. Chemicals namely Hexaconazole5%(SC), Carbendazim12%+ Mancozeb 63%(WP), Azoxystrobin 18.2 % + Difenoconazole 11.4% (SC), Thiophonate-Methyl 70%wp, Kasugamycin 2% Wp and Floxystrobin+tubuconazole were used for this experiment. Azoxystrobin18.2 % + Difenoconazole 11.4 % (SC) was recorded as the best chemical followed by Carbendazim12%+Mancozeb 63%WP to control rice blast. The highest disease severity was seen at the control plot. The highest yield was observed in plot with Azoxystrobin+Difenconazole (5.16mt/ha) followed by Carbendazim12%+ Mancozeb 63%WP(5.12mt/ha).","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80087024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nosov, Svetlana A. Mladenović, V. Ugrenović, Grigory A. Makarov, Mikhail V. Sterkin
Field studies were conducted on carbonate chernozem in Vojvodina Province of Serbia during two seasons of maize growing to adjust nutrient management practices when fertilizers are broadcasted and incorporated into the soil before sowing. The experimental scheme included six fertilization treatments: T1 (zero fertilizer control), T2 (N156P64K64, farmer fertilizer practice), T3 (N100P60K60), T4 (N100P60K60S36), T5 (N100P80K60), and T6 (N100P80K60S48). Nitrogen application practice was found to be excessive, while phosphorus application practice was found to be insufficient. Phosphorus application rate of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to be rational when the soil test for phosphorus was very low or low. Sulfur (S) application improved grain yield in higher yield conditions, whereas soil containing 3.9–4.0% of organic matter (OM) could meet crop S requirements in lower yield conditions of 5 t ha-1 and below. It is assumed that S application to maize in the southern Pannonian Plain in Serbia may be limited to 36 kg S ha-1.
在塞尔维亚伏伊伏丁那省的两个玉米生长季节，对碳酸盐黑钙土进行了实地研究，以调整在播种前播撒化肥并将其掺入土壤中的养分管理做法。试验方案包括6个施肥处理:T1(零肥对照)、T2 (N156P64K64，农民施肥)、T3 (N100P60K60)、T4 (N100P60K60S36)、T5 (N100P80K60)和T6 (N100P80K60S48)。施氮量超标，施磷量不足。在土壤试磷量极低或较低的情况下，以80 kg P2O5 ha-1施磷较为合理。在高产量条件下，施硫可提高粮食产量，而在5 t hm -1及以下的低产量条件下，土壤有机质含量为3.9-4.0%可满足作物对硫的需求。假设S在塞尔维亚潘诺尼亚平原南部玉米上的施用可限制在36 kg S - ha-1。
{"title":"Maize response to phosphorus and sulfur application on calcareous chernozem in Serbia","authors":"V. Nosov, Svetlana A. Mladenović, V. Ugrenović, Grigory A. Makarov, Mikhail V. Sterkin","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4112","url":null,"abstract":"Field studies were conducted on carbonate chernozem in Vojvodina Province of Serbia during two seasons of maize growing to adjust nutrient management practices when fertilizers are broadcasted and incorporated into the soil before sowing. The experimental scheme included six fertilization treatments: T1 (zero fertilizer control), T2 (N156P64K64, farmer fertilizer practice), T3 (N100P60K60), T4 (N100P60K60S36), T5 (N100P80K60), and T6 (N100P80K60S48). Nitrogen application practice was found to be excessive, while phosphorus application practice was found to be insufficient. Phosphorus application rate of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to be rational when the soil test for phosphorus was very low or low. Sulfur (S) application improved grain yield in higher yield conditions, whereas soil containing 3.9–4.0% of organic matter (OM) could meet crop S requirements in lower yield conditions of 5 t ha-1 and below. It is assumed that S application to maize in the southern Pannonian Plain in Serbia may be limited to 36 kg S ha-1.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthracnose fruit-rot samples were randomly collected from 95 chilli farms grown in different hotspot regions from following states. Survey was conducted during Kharif 2020 from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, while during Kharif 2021 from Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Samples were analyzed based on morphological characters. After morphological characterization of collected samples, it was confirmed that 80 fields were infected alone with C. capsici, 7 fields were infected alone with C. gloeosporioides while 8 fields were mixed infected with both C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides. Anthracnose infection mainly affects chilli at red fruit stage. Morphological characterization of collected samples from the surveyed region revealed that Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloeosporioides were the major species infecting chilli while Colletotrichum capsici was the predominant species. As C. capsici is predominant species causing Anthracnose, we need anthracnose resistant source at least against C. capsici. Resistant source against both C, capsici and C. gloeosporioides will be a boon for breeders to strengthen disease resistance
{"title":"Identification of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease of chilli in major chilli growing area of India","authors":"Abhishek V. Bhirangi, Manju Vishwakarma","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4111","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose fruit-rot samples were randomly collected from 95 chilli farms grown in different hotspot regions from following states. Survey was conducted during Kharif 2020 from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, while during Kharif 2021 from Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Samples were analyzed based on morphological characters. After morphological characterization of collected samples, it was confirmed that 80 fields were infected alone with C. capsici, 7 fields were infected alone with C. gloeosporioides while 8 fields were mixed infected with both C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides. Anthracnose infection mainly affects chilli at red fruit stage. Morphological characterization of collected samples from the surveyed region revealed that Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloeosporioides were the major species infecting chilli while Colletotrichum capsici was the predominant species. As C. capsici is predominant species causing Anthracnose, we need anthracnose resistant source at least against C. capsici. Resistant source against both C, capsici and C. gloeosporioides will be a boon for breeders to strengthen disease resistance","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77176832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.13
Tesfaye Gragn, Obsa Welde, Alemayehu Mamo
: Irrigation scheduling is the use of water management strategies to prevent over-application of water while minimizing yield losses due to water scarcity or drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Odo Shakiso district at a farm during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 irrigation seasons with the aim of determining the optimal irrigation schedule for yield, yield component and water productivity of onions based on the available soil moisture depletion levels. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replicates randomly assigned to experimental plots with treatments. Five available soil moisture depletion levels (20% ASMDL, 40% ASMDL, 60% ASMDL, 80% ASMDL and FAO recommended ASMDL) were used for treatment. Results from two years of research showed that different levels of available soil moisture had a significant impact (P<0.05) on bulb diameter, bulb weight, unmarketable onion yield, marketable onion yield, and water productivity. However, different soil moisture depletion did not show a significant difference in plant height. The highest onion diameter (4.25 cm) and marketable onion yield (363.9 qt/ha) was recorded at 60% ASMDL. The highest water use efficiency at marketable onion yield (9.487 kg/m 3 ) was also achieved at 60% ASMDL, which was statistically comparable to the FAO-recommended ASMDL treatment. On the other hand, the minimum water use efficiency (6.234 kg/m 3 ) was recorded at 40 percent ASMDL. Therefore, based on the results of the current experiment, it is recommended to use 60% ASMDL under a furrow irrigation system for onion cultivation in areas around Shakiso and similar agro ecologies as it is the best option to increase yield and water use efficiency for onion production.
{"title":"Determination of Optimal Irrigation Using Soil Moisture Depletion on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion at Odo Shakiso District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfaye Gragn, Obsa Welde, Alemayehu Mamo","doi":"10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.13","url":null,"abstract":": Irrigation scheduling is the use of water management strategies to prevent over-application of water while minimizing yield losses due to water scarcity or drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Odo Shakiso district at a farm during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 irrigation seasons with the aim of determining the optimal irrigation schedule for yield, yield component and water productivity of onions based on the available soil moisture depletion levels. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replicates randomly assigned to experimental plots with treatments. Five available soil moisture depletion levels (20% ASMDL, 40% ASMDL, 60% ASMDL, 80% ASMDL and FAO recommended ASMDL) were used for treatment. Results from two years of research showed that different levels of available soil moisture had a significant impact (P<0.05) on bulb diameter, bulb weight, unmarketable onion yield, marketable onion yield, and water productivity. However, different soil moisture depletion did not show a significant difference in plant height. The highest onion diameter (4.25 cm) and marketable onion yield (363.9 qt/ha) was recorded at 60% ASMDL. The highest water use efficiency at marketable onion yield (9.487 kg/m 3 ) was also achieved at 60% ASMDL, which was statistically comparable to the FAO-recommended ASMDL treatment. On the other hand, the minimum water use efficiency (6.234 kg/m 3 ) was recorded at 40 percent ASMDL. Therefore, based on the results of the current experiment, it is recommended to use 60% ASMDL under a furrow irrigation system for onion cultivation in areas around Shakiso and similar agro ecologies as it is the best option to increase yield and water use efficiency for onion production.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88581457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, M. Ketema, K. Jemal
Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.
{"title":"Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, M. Ketema, K. Jemal","doi":"10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81621994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.12
Q. Tang, Weiwei Song, F. Yu, Xiuli Meng, Zhaowei Lin
: Bismarck palm ( Bismarckia nobilis Hildebr. & H. Wendl.) is one of the most sought after palms. A severe disease of Bismarck palm was discovered in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, in July 2010. The main symptoms were russet to gray-white lesions at the tip of leaflets
:俾斯麦棕榈(Bismarckia nobilis Hildebr)& H. Wendl.)是最受欢迎的棕榈树之一。2010年7月，在海南文昌发现了俾斯麦棕榈的一种严重病害。主要症状为小叶尖端黄褐色至灰白色病变
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