V. Akşahi̇n, Busra Nur Gulunay, Deniz Çoban, I. Ortaş
A long-term field experiment was established in 1996 at Çukurova University Research and Application Farm, Adana, Turkey. The design of experiment was The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 different fertilizer treatments: control (no fertilizer), Mineral fertilizer (NPK), Animal manure (25-ton ha-1), Compost (25-ton ha-1) and Compost + Mycorrhiza (10-ton ha-1). Maize seeds were sown and harvested in 2022. At harvest, soil samples (at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths) and plant samples were taken from each plot. Soil and plant total carbon and N concentrations were determined by a CN elemental analyzer. The soil organic carbon (OC) was estimated as the difference between total and inorganic C. Results show that carbon concentration in the grain, shoot, and root samples of maize plants were higher in fertilized plots than in control treatments. Compost and animal manure treated soil had higher OC concentrations at both sampling depths. The highest values of soil OC at 0-15 cm depth were obtained in animal manure applied plots.Generally, organic fertilizer application increased soil OC % concentrations and contributed to the soil carbon budget. The PCA analysis also revealed that a majority of the plant and soil parameters clustered more closely with organic fertilizers compared to the control and mineral counterparts.
1996年在土耳其阿达纳Çukurova大学研究和应用农场建立了一项长期的实地试验。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，采用对照(不施肥)、矿物肥(NPK)、动物粪便(25 t hm -1)、堆肥(25 t hm -1)和堆肥+菌根(10 t hm -1) 5种不同的施肥处理。2022年播种和收获了玉米种子。收获时，从每个地块采集土壤样本(0-15 cm和15-30 cm深度)和植物样本。用CN元素分析仪测定了土壤和植物的总碳和总氮浓度。土壤有机碳(OC)以总碳与无机碳之差估算。结果表明，施肥地块玉米籽粒、茎部和根系碳浓度均高于对照处理。堆肥和动物粪便处理的土壤在两个采样深度都有较高的OC浓度。在0 ~ 15 cm土层，施用动物粪便的土壤有机碳含量最高。总体而言，施用有机肥增加了土壤有机碳浓度，促进了土壤碳收支。主成分分析还显示，与对照和矿物对照相比，有机肥对大多数植物和土壤参数的聚集性更强。
{"title":"Under Long -Term Field Experiment The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Application on Maize Growth and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration","authors":"V. Akşahi̇n, Busra Nur Gulunay, Deniz Çoban, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4114","url":null,"abstract":"A long-term field experiment was established in 1996 at Çukurova University Research and Application Farm, Adana, Turkey. The design of experiment was The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 different fertilizer treatments: control (no fertilizer), Mineral fertilizer (NPK), Animal manure (25-ton ha-1), Compost (25-ton ha-1) and Compost + Mycorrhiza (10-ton ha-1). Maize seeds were sown and harvested in 2022. At harvest, soil samples (at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths) and plant samples were taken from each plot. Soil and plant total carbon and N concentrations were determined by a CN elemental analyzer. The soil organic carbon (OC) was estimated as the difference between total and inorganic C. Results show that carbon concentration in the grain, shoot, and root samples of maize plants were higher in fertilized plots than in control treatments. Compost and animal manure treated soil had higher OC concentrations at both sampling depths. The highest values of soil OC at 0-15 cm depth were obtained in animal manure applied plots.Generally, organic fertilizer application increased soil OC % concentrations and contributed to the soil carbon budget. The PCA analysis also revealed that a majority of the plant and soil parameters clustered more closely with organic fertilizers compared to the control and mineral counterparts.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79625056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. M. Kabir, Md. Panna Ali, J. Datta, S. N. Topy, A. Debonath, S. Nasif, Tapon Kumar Roy, A. Uddin
Light trap helps to protect natural enemies and manage destructive insect pests in rice farming ecosystem. Light trapping time at night is not identified, for organic farming in farmers level its essential to identified proper timing at night. The experimental light trap was set up at Sagordi rice farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Barishal, during T. Aman rice season in 2019-2020. The time of catching insects by light trap were divided in six different times in a night and defined as treatments (T1= 17.20 to 18.20, T2= 18.20 to 19.20, T3= 19.20 to 20.20, T4 =20.20 to 21.20, T5=21.20 to 22.20, T6= 22.20 to rest of night insects caught at light trap) in this study. Each treatment has had four replications. Yellow sticky trap used to catch and trapped insect and natural enemyRice insect pests and their natural enemies were counted and recorded manually. The caught of yellow stem borer increased and green leafhopper were decreased from treatment, T1 to treatment, T6. During dusk to first four hours, the percentage of caught was approximately 69.28% insect pests. Overall, the percentages of insect pests trapping were 89.65% and natural enemies were 10.35% during the experimental period. The ratio of destructive insect pests caught was highest compared to that of natural enemies in light trap of rice ecosystem.
{"title":"Period of effective catching of insect pests and natural enemies in light traps","authors":"M. M. M. Kabir, Md. Panna Ali, J. Datta, S. N. Topy, A. Debonath, S. Nasif, Tapon Kumar Roy, A. Uddin","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.412","url":null,"abstract":"Light trap helps to protect natural enemies and manage destructive insect pests in rice farming ecosystem. Light trapping time at night is not identified, for organic farming in farmers level its essential to identified proper timing at night. The experimental light trap was set up at Sagordi rice farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Barishal, during T. Aman rice season in 2019-2020. The time of catching insects by light trap were divided in six different times in a night and defined as treatments (T1= 17.20 to 18.20, T2= 18.20 to 19.20, T3= 19.20 to 20.20, T4 =20.20 to 21.20, T5=21.20 to 22.20, T6= 22.20 to rest of night insects caught at light trap) in this study. Each treatment has had four replications. Yellow sticky trap used to catch and trapped insect and natural enemyRice insect pests and their natural enemies were counted and recorded manually. The caught of yellow stem borer increased and green leafhopper were decreased from treatment, T1 to treatment, T6. During dusk to first four hours, the percentage of caught was approximately 69.28% insect pests. Overall, the percentages of insect pests trapping were 89.65% and natural enemies were 10.35% during the experimental period. The ratio of destructive insect pests caught was highest compared to that of natural enemies in light trap of rice ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73159457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bhushan, M. Bhar, A. Kannan, Harisha. M, Umesh. B. U, Venkatesha. M.M.
Inadequate availability of straws and conventional concentrates is one of the major constraints for rearing large and small ruminants. Alternative or unconventional fodder resources play a supplementary role in meeting the demand of livestock owners; but these tree leaves contain some antinutritional factors. Tremal (Ficus roxburghii) and Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) are among the traditional tree fodder sources available in the North Western Himalayan region. Their use a feed stuff for livestock is limited due to presence of tannis. So, the study was undertaken to assess the effect of different physical treatments on total phenol and tannin fractions of Tremal and Oak leaves. Fresh leaves lopped from Tremal and Oak trees of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh were subjected to physical treatments like chopping and sun drying after chopping. The phenol and tannin fractions of these leaves were estimated before and after treatment. Total phenols, total tannin and hydrolysable tannin contents of the F. roxburghii and Q. leucotrichophora leaves were reduced significantly (P<0.0001) by both the physical treatments. However, both the treatments increased (P ≤ 0.0001) the condensed tannin content of F. roxburghii leaves, whereas chopping followed by sun drying also increased the non-tannin phenol contents. Both the treatments were effective in reducing tannin contents (both hydrolysable and condensed) of Q. leucotrichophora leaves. It may be concluded that physical treatments, chopping, chopping and sun drying, were though effective in reducing hydrolysable tannins, but were not effective in reducing condensed tannin contents of F. roxburghii leaves; whereas chopping, chopping and sun drying were effective in reducing tannin contents in case of Q. leucotrichophora leaves.
{"title":"Effect of physical treatments on phenolics and tannins in Ficus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora leaves","authors":"B. Bhushan, M. Bhar, A. Kannan, Harisha. M, Umesh. B. U, Venkatesha. M.M.","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.415","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate availability of straws and conventional concentrates is one of the major constraints for rearing large and small ruminants. Alternative or unconventional fodder resources play a supplementary role in meeting the demand of livestock owners; but these tree leaves contain some antinutritional factors. Tremal (Ficus roxburghii) and Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) are among the traditional tree fodder sources available in the North Western Himalayan region. Their use a feed stuff for livestock is limited due to presence of tannis. So, the study was undertaken to assess the effect of different physical treatments on total phenol and tannin fractions of Tremal and Oak leaves. Fresh leaves lopped from Tremal and Oak trees of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh were subjected to physical treatments like chopping and sun drying after chopping. The phenol and tannin fractions of these leaves were estimated before and after treatment. Total phenols, total tannin and hydrolysable tannin contents of the F. roxburghii and Q. leucotrichophora leaves were reduced significantly (P<0.0001) by both the physical treatments. However, both the treatments increased (P ≤ 0.0001) the condensed tannin content of F. roxburghii leaves, whereas chopping followed by sun drying also increased the non-tannin phenol contents. Both the treatments were effective in reducing tannin contents (both hydrolysable and condensed) of Q. leucotrichophora leaves. It may be concluded that physical treatments, chopping, chopping and sun drying, were though effective in reducing hydrolysable tannins, but were not effective in reducing condensed tannin contents of F. roxburghii leaves; whereas chopping, chopping and sun drying were effective in reducing tannin contents in case of Q. leucotrichophora leaves.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87999387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Işik, Serra Aldoğan, Mert Sönmez, S. Ilhan, I. Ortaş
Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are produced from rock phosphate (apatite); however, they are low-mobility in soil for plant nutrient absorption and uptake. In addition, the rock phosphate quantity is a limited source for future P fertilizer. At the same time, high phosphorus fertilization will cause environmental pollution (such as eutrophication in rivers). Also, a great proportion of applied P fertilizer remains in the soil, reducing the viable soil organisms. Therefore, the effect of different doses of P on some properties of soil (physical, chemical, and biological) is not entirely understood in the literature under long-term experiment conditions. Also, phosphorus fertilizer applications indirectly decrease the plant growth and yield. Under long-term experimental conditions, this research aims to understand the effect of increasing P doses on some physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The hypothesis to be tested is that under long-term field experiment conditions, increasing doses of phosphorus fertilizer negatively affect the soil properties. The field experiment was established in 1998 and has continued uninterruptedly to the present time under maize and wheat rotations. Four doses of P fertilizers were applied; such as 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 application with three replications. P2105 Maize (Zea mays L.) species seeds were sown in June 2022 and harvested in November 2022. At harvest, the soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth in each plot. Soil pH, EC and available P were analyzed as soil chemical properties. The number of mycorrhizal spores and Soil Organic Matter (by walkley-black method) were determined as soil biological properties. Furthermore, soil bulk density (BD), water stable aggregated (WSA) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were analyzed as soil physical properties. Phosphorus application in increasing doses negatively affects the soil physical properties (such as WSA, MWD and BD) under long-term field experiment condition. The research finding showed that depending on increasing P doses application soil WSA and MWD were decreased but BD was increased. While depending on increasing P doses application soil organic carbon is increased, however, the numerical value of mycorrhizal spores and root colonization was decreased. The results are revealed that for sustainable and eco-friendly crop production, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 P fertilizer can be used in maize production.
磷(P)肥料是由磷灰石(磷灰石)生产的;然而，它们在土壤中的流动性较低，不利于植物对养分的吸收和吸收。此外，磷矿粉的数量是未来磷肥的有限来源。同时，高磷施肥会造成环境污染(如河流富营养化)。此外，施磷肥的很大一部分留在土壤中，减少了土壤的活菌。因此，在长期实验条件下，不同剂量磷对土壤某些特性(物理、化学和生物)的影响在文献中尚未完全了解。此外，磷肥的施用间接地降低了植物的生长和产量。在长期实验条件下，本研究旨在了解增加磷剂量对土壤某些物理、化学和生物特性的影响。待验证的假设是，在长期的田间试验条件下，增加磷肥用量会对土壤性状产生负面影响。该田间试验于1998年开始，并在玉米和小麦轮作下不间断地进行至今。施磷肥4剂;如0、50、100和200 kg P2O5 ha-1施用，重复3次。P2105玉米(Zea mays L.)种种子于2022年6月播种，2022年11月收获。收获时，每个样地分别在0 ~ 15 cm和15 ~ 30 cm深度取样。分析了土壤pH、EC和速效磷的化学性质。测定了菌根孢子数和土壤有机质(walkley-black法)作为土壤生物学性状。此外，还分析了土壤容重(BD)、水稳定团聚体(WSA)和平均重径(MWD)等土壤物理性质。在长期田间试验条件下，施磷量的增加对土壤的WSA、MWD和BD等物理性质有负面影响。研究结果表明，随着施磷量的增加，土壤WSA和MWD降低，而BD增加。随着施磷量的增加，土壤有机碳增加，菌根孢子和根定植的数值降低。结果表明，玉米生产中施用50和100 kg P2O5 ha-1磷肥可实现作物的可持续生态生产。
{"title":"Effect of Increasing Phosphorus Doses Application on Some Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil, Under Long-Term Experiment Conditions.","authors":"M. Işik, Serra Aldoğan, Mert Sönmez, S. Ilhan, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4124","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) fertilizers are produced from rock phosphate (apatite); however, they are low-mobility in soil for plant nutrient absorption and uptake. In addition, the rock phosphate quantity is a limited source for future P fertilizer. At the same time, high phosphorus fertilization will cause environmental pollution (such as eutrophication in rivers). Also, a great proportion of applied P fertilizer remains in the soil, reducing the viable soil organisms. Therefore, the effect of different doses of P on some properties of soil (physical, chemical, and biological) is not entirely understood in the literature under long-term experiment conditions. Also, phosphorus fertilizer applications indirectly decrease the plant growth and yield. Under long-term experimental conditions, this research aims to understand the effect of increasing P doses on some physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The hypothesis to be tested is that under long-term field experiment conditions, increasing doses of phosphorus fertilizer negatively affect the soil properties. The field experiment was established in 1998 and has continued uninterruptedly to the present time under maize and wheat rotations. Four doses of P fertilizers were applied; such as 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 application with three replications. P2105 Maize (Zea mays L.) species seeds were sown in June 2022 and harvested in November 2022. At harvest, the soil samples were taken at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth in each plot. Soil pH, EC and available P were analyzed as soil chemical properties. The number of mycorrhizal spores and Soil Organic Matter (by walkley-black method) were determined as soil biological properties. Furthermore, soil bulk density (BD), water stable aggregated (WSA) and mean weight diameter (MWD) were analyzed as soil physical properties. Phosphorus application in increasing doses negatively affects the soil physical properties (such as WSA, MWD and BD) under long-term field experiment condition. The research finding showed that depending on increasing P doses application soil WSA and MWD were decreased but BD was increased. While depending on increasing P doses application soil organic carbon is increased, however, the numerical value of mycorrhizal spores and root colonization was decreased. The results are revealed that for sustainable and eco-friendly crop production, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 P fertilizer can be used in maize production.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79890534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate change has been intensified the risk of climate dependent crop production. Increase in temperature can reduce crop duration, increase crop respiration rates, alter photosynthesis process and affect the survival and proliferation of pest populations. The importance of climate and weather events to the distribution of insects and their population dynamics has long been recognized. Insects are poikilothermic in nature and are directly under the control of temperature for their growth. The duration of insect life cycle is altered under increased temperature and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations resulting in variable number of generations per year. The elevated carbon dioxide concentrations are mediated through enhanced photosynthesis in plants for phytophagous insects’ growth and development. Several insect pests, that were important in the past or the minor pests are likely to become more devastating with global warming and climate change. Insect pests cause an estimated annual loss of 13.6% globally and 23.3% in India. Losses due to insect pests are likely to increase as a result of change in crop diversity and climate change. An increase of 0.4ºC average surface temperature over past century in India has led to crop insect pests losses increase from 3.0% during the pre-green revolution period to 50% during the post-green revolution period. The changes of insect pests losses has been increased up to 32%. Considerable knowledge is available on the effects of weather and climatic events on insect pests in India. But concerned to the impact of climate change on insect pests studies are in lag phase. A major portion of the cultivated areas of India covered under rainfed. The rainfed agriculture is directly reciprocal to the climate. So, any changes in the state of climate may cause crop failure due to biotic and abiotic stresses of climatic vagaries. Therefore, detailed study of the climate change scenario, its impact on insect pest management and formulation of coping strategies are of paramount importance to reduce the risk of crop failure. This paper attempt to analyse the review of reported studies on the scenario of climate change impact on insect pests in India to reduce the risk of strategy for effective insect pest management.
{"title":"Scenario of climate change impact on insect pests in India","authors":"Gyan Prakash Morya, W. Hasan","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4113","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change has been intensified the risk of climate dependent crop production. Increase in temperature can reduce crop duration, increase crop respiration rates, alter photosynthesis process and affect the survival and proliferation of pest populations. The importance of climate and weather events to the distribution of insects and their population dynamics has long been recognized. Insects are poikilothermic in nature and are directly under the control of temperature for their growth. The duration of insect life cycle is altered under increased temperature and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations resulting in variable number of generations per year. The elevated carbon dioxide concentrations are mediated through enhanced photosynthesis in plants for phytophagous insects’ growth and development. Several insect pests, that were important in the past or the minor pests are likely to become more devastating with global warming and climate change. Insect pests cause an estimated annual loss of 13.6% globally and 23.3% in India. Losses due to insect pests are likely to increase as a result of change in crop diversity and climate change. An increase of 0.4ºC average surface temperature over past century in India has led to crop insect pests losses increase from 3.0% during the pre-green revolution period to 50% during the post-green revolution period. The changes of insect pests losses has been increased up to 32%. Considerable knowledge is available on the effects of weather and climatic events on insect pests in India. But concerned to the impact of climate change on insect pests studies are in lag phase. A major portion of the cultivated areas of India covered under rainfed. The rainfed agriculture is directly reciprocal to the climate. So, any changes in the state of climate may cause crop failure due to biotic and abiotic stresses of climatic vagaries. Therefore, detailed study of the climate change scenario, its impact on insect pest management and formulation of coping strategies are of paramount importance to reduce the risk of crop failure. This paper attempt to analyse the review of reported studies on the scenario of climate change impact on insect pests in India to reduce the risk of strategy for effective insect pest management.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76935658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasmeen Begum, R. Patil, M. K. Meena, K. Mahantashivayogayya, T. Suma, M. Lakshmikanth
The yearly changes in atmospheric temperature are projected to negatively affect food production in several locations. Rice exposure to low-temperature stress can decrease plant growth in different stages, notably during the reproductive period. A field experiment was conducted in ARS Gangavathi, Karnataka. The experiment laid out in factorial randomized block design where four different rice genotypes (GNV-10-89, GNV-1801, GNV-1108 and BPT-5204) transplanted under two different dates of transplanting D1 (normal Kharif-15th September) and D2 (late Kharif-30th September). The low temperature during the reproductive stage was 14.1°C which inhibited the morphological, physiological, phenological and yield traits of rice crop. All the observations were recorded at the flowering stage (95 DAT). The results revealed that morphological traits like plant height, number of green leaves, number of productive tillers, total dry matter, total leaf area and root length were high in D1 than D2 (101.6 & 99.76 cm, 21.5 & 16.1 hill-1, 14.5 & 11.5 hill-1, 29.0 &21.1 g hill-1, 3.79 & 4.11 dm2 hill-1 and 14.6 & 18.2 cm), physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate (14.55 & 13.45 µ mole CO2 m-2 s-1) and Transpiration rate (12.86 & 11.01 m mole H2O m-2 s-1) similarly phenological traits, DPI (80.6 & 90.5 days), DF (98.3 & 102.3 days), DPM (116.7 & 127.2 days) and DHM (124.7 & 135.4 days). Reproductive traits like pollen viability (91.3 & 87.4 %) and spikelet fertility (84.3 & 75.9 %) and grain yield (7744.8 & 6531.3 kg ha-1). Among the genotypes GNV-10-89 (10270.9 kg ha-1) recorded the higher grain yield and lower was observed in BPT-5204 (3937.5 kg ha-1) these results conclude that the late Kharif transplanting was not suitable for this region as there was sharp drop-down of temperature (14.1°C) at a reproductive stage which leads to high spikelet sterility. By looking at the results obtained, among four genotypes GNV-10-89 recorded high grain yield followed by GNV-1108 these two genotypes are considered as moderately tolerant, GNV-1801 is moderately sensitive and BPT-5204 is sensitive to low-temperature stress.
预计大气温度的年变化将对若干地点的粮食生产产生负面影响。低温胁迫对水稻各生育期的生长均有抑制作用，尤其是在生育期。在卡纳塔克邦的ARS Gangavathi进行了实地试验。试验采用因子随机区组设计，4种不同水稻基因型(GNV-10-89、GNV-1801、GNV-1108和BPT-5204)分别在D1(正常哈里夫- 9月15日)和D2(晚哈里夫- 9月30日)两个不同的移栽日期下进行移栽。生殖期低温为14.1℃，抑制了水稻的形态、生理、物候和产量性状。所有观测结果均在花期(95 DAT)记录。结果显示,形态性状株高、绿叶数、有效分蘖数、总干物质、总叶面积、根长度比D2高D1(101.6 & 99.76厘米、21.5 & 16.1 hill-1 14.5 & 11.5 hill-1, 29.0 g &21.1 hill-1 3.79 & 4.11 dm2 hill-1和14.6 & 18.2厘米),光合速率等生理特征(14.55 & 13.45µm - 2 s - 1摩尔二氧化碳)和蒸腾速率(12.86 & 11.01米摩尔水m - 2 s - 1)类似的物候特征,DPI(80.6 & 90.5天)，DF(98.3 & 102.3天)，DPM(116.7 & 127.2天)和DHM(124.7 & 135.4天)。生殖性状如花粉活力(91.3%和87.4%)、小穗育性(84.3%和75.9%)和籽粒产量(7744.8和6531.3 kg ha-1)。其中，GNV-10-89 (10270.9 kg ha-1)籽粒产量最高，BPT-5204 (3937.5 kg ha-1)籽粒产量较低。结果表明，由于生育期温度急剧下降(14.1℃)，导致小穗不育性高，因此不适合晚夏移栽。结果表明，在4个基因型中，GNV-10-89籽粒产量较高，其次是GNV-1108，这2个基因型对低温胁迫具有中等耐受性，GNV-1801为中等敏感性，BPT-5204为敏感性。
{"title":"Morpho-physiological and phenological response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to low temperature stress at reproductive stage","authors":"Yasmeen Begum, R. Patil, M. K. Meena, K. Mahantashivayogayya, T. Suma, M. Lakshmikanth","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4110","url":null,"abstract":"The yearly changes in atmospheric temperature are projected to negatively affect food production in several locations. Rice exposure to low-temperature stress can decrease plant growth in different stages, notably during the reproductive period. A field experiment was conducted in ARS Gangavathi, Karnataka. The experiment laid out in factorial randomized block design where four different rice genotypes (GNV-10-89, GNV-1801, GNV-1108 and BPT-5204) transplanted under two different dates of transplanting D1 (normal Kharif-15th September) and D2 (late Kharif-30th September). The low temperature during the reproductive stage was 14.1°C which inhibited the morphological, physiological, phenological and yield traits of rice crop. All the observations were recorded at the flowering stage (95 DAT). The results revealed that morphological traits like plant height, number of green leaves, number of productive tillers, total dry matter, total leaf area and root length were high in D1 than D2 (101.6 & 99.76 cm, 21.5 & 16.1 hill-1, 14.5 & 11.5 hill-1, 29.0 &21.1 g hill-1, 3.79 & 4.11 dm2 hill-1 and 14.6 & 18.2 cm), physiological traits such as photosynthetic rate (14.55 & 13.45 µ mole CO2 m-2 s-1) and Transpiration rate (12.86 & 11.01 m mole H2O m-2 s-1) similarly phenological traits, DPI (80.6 & 90.5 days), DF (98.3 & 102.3 days), DPM (116.7 & 127.2 days) and DHM (124.7 & 135.4 days). Reproductive traits like pollen viability (91.3 & 87.4 %) and spikelet fertility (84.3 & 75.9 %) and grain yield (7744.8 & 6531.3 kg ha-1). Among the genotypes GNV-10-89 (10270.9 kg ha-1) recorded the higher grain yield and lower was observed in BPT-5204 (3937.5 kg ha-1) these results conclude that the late Kharif transplanting was not suitable for this region as there was sharp drop-down of temperature (14.1°C) at a reproductive stage which leads to high spikelet sterility. By looking at the results obtained, among four genotypes GNV-10-89 recorded high grain yield followed by GNV-1108 these two genotypes are considered as moderately tolerant, GNV-1801 is moderately sensitive and BPT-5204 is sensitive to low-temperature stress.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78307027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Sadiqur Rahman, P. C. Sarker, Md. Arafat Hossain, Md. Ahasan Habib, M. A. Sweety, Md. Selim Reza
Fresh onion seeds dried to 7.0% seed moisture content were stored with crude plant materials (red chili powder@20g/kg of seed; neem leaf powder@ 20g/kg of seed, lemon leaf powder @ 20g/kg seed), and chemicals (common bleaching powder and mancozeb @ 2g/kg of seed). The germination potential of onion seeds was found satisfactory in treated seeds. Water uptake during imbibition was maximum in lemon leaf treated seed which indicates better germination as the imbibition of water is an essential part of germination. A high correlation between EC measurements and germination was found; which indicates that conductivity readings have the potential to provide a rapid assessment of standard laboratory germination. In terms of seed-associated pathogens during storage, chemicals have shown better results in suppressing pathogens.
{"title":"Influence of chemicals and crude plant materials as pre-storage treatment on seed quality of onion","authors":"Md. Sadiqur Rahman, P. C. Sarker, Md. Arafat Hossain, Md. Ahasan Habib, M. A. Sweety, Md. Selim Reza","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.414","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh onion seeds dried to 7.0% seed moisture content were stored with crude plant materials (red chili powder@20g/kg of seed; neem leaf powder@ 20g/kg of seed, lemon leaf powder @ 20g/kg seed), and chemicals (common bleaching powder and mancozeb @ 2g/kg of seed). The germination potential of onion seeds was found satisfactory in treated seeds. Water uptake during imbibition was maximum in lemon leaf treated seed which indicates better germination as the imbibition of water is an essential part of germination. A high correlation between EC measurements and germination was found; which indicates that conductivity readings have the potential to provide a rapid assessment of standard laboratory germination. In terms of seed-associated pathogens during storage, chemicals have shown better results in suppressing pathogens.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Chandrashekharayya, R. Patil, D. G. Satihal, T. Suma, M. K. Meena
The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, during Kharif 2021- 22 to know the influence of plant growth retardants on morpho-physiological and yield parameters in pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times with eight treatments including control, nipping at 60 DAS, mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm, thiourea @ 1000 ppm, chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm, daminozide @ 1250 ppm, ancymidol @ 1000 ppm and paclobutrazol @ 150 ppm were applied through foliar application at 60 DAS. Results revealed that nipping and all growth retardant treatments significantly reduced the plant height (cm) and increased total number of branches, total dry matter production, total leaf area, leaf area index and seed yield compared to control. Among the treatments, foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm was recorded significantly lower plant height (153.72 cm) and higher total number of branches (37.85 plant-1), total dry matter production (149.12 g plant-1), total leaf area (85.83 dm2 plant-1), leaf area index (2.384) and seed yield (1970 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments. The treatment T5 (chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm) was recorded second best morpho-physiological parameters and yield in pigeonpea. The results concluded that foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm at 60 DAS was found best in recording better growth parameters and higher yield in pigeonpea.
{"title":"Influence of plant growth retardants on morpho-physiological parameters and yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp)","authors":"N. A. Chandrashekharayya, R. Patil, D. G. Satihal, T. Suma, M. K. Meena","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4123","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, during Kharif 2021- 22 to know the influence of plant growth retardants on morpho-physiological and yield parameters in pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times with eight treatments including control, nipping at 60 DAS, mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm, thiourea @ 1000 ppm, chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm, daminozide @ 1250 ppm, ancymidol @ 1000 ppm and paclobutrazol @ 150 ppm were applied through foliar application at 60 DAS. Results revealed that nipping and all growth retardant treatments significantly reduced the plant height (cm) and increased total number of branches, total dry matter production, total leaf area, leaf area index and seed yield compared to control. Among the treatments, foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm was recorded significantly lower plant height (153.72 cm) and higher total number of branches (37.85 plant-1), total dry matter production (149.12 g plant-1), total leaf area (85.83 dm2 plant-1), leaf area index (2.384) and seed yield (1970 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments. The treatment T5 (chlormequat chloride @ 1000 ppm) was recorded second best morpho-physiological parameters and yield in pigeonpea. The results concluded that foliar application of mepiquat chloride @ 1000 ppm at 60 DAS was found best in recording better growth parameters and higher yield in pigeonpea.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89221587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moursy, Osama A. Abdelhamid, Jihad M. A. Abd-Elmajid
The assessment of soil pollution is only one instance where geographic information systems (GIS) have shown to be an invaluable tool in environmental management and assessment. Globally, there is growing worry over soil pollution since it can have catastrophic repercussions on plant, animal, and human life. A more in-depth understanding of the scope and severity of contamination is made possible by GIS, which offers a flexible and all-encompassing method to studying and assessing soil pollution. With the aid of GIS technology, precise maps of soil contamination may be produced by combining data from numerous sources, such as remote sensing, aerial photography, and ground surveys. This information can then be evaluated using a variety of techniques, such as spatial analysis, to pinpoint polluted areas, possible sources of pollution, and the effects they are most likely to have on the environment and human health. By making it easier to identify sensitive regions that need additional research or remediation, GIS can also help with the analysis of the risk of pollutant movement and dispersion. Comparing GIS to conventional methods for assessing soil pollution has various benefits. First of all, it enables a more thorough and in-depth examination of the degree and breadth of contamination, enabling the identification of locations that need urgent care. Second, it makes it easier for different stakeholders, such as environmental agencies, researchers, and policymakers, to share data and information, enabling better decision-making. Thirdly, it makes it possible to monitor and control soil contamination more effectively, allowing for the early detection of potential issues and the implementation of suitable corrective actions. In general, GIS technology is a useful tool for assessing soil pollution since it offers a more thorough and knowledgeable approach to environmental management. It is a crucial tool for environmental experts engaged in the assessment and control of soil pollution due to its capacity to combine different data sources, perform spatial analysis, and promote information sharing.
{"title":"The potentiality of GIS for assessing soil pollution – A review","authors":"A. Moursy, Osama A. Abdelhamid, Jihad M. A. Abd-Elmajid","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4122","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of soil pollution is only one instance where geographic information systems (GIS) have shown to be an invaluable tool in environmental management and assessment. Globally, there is growing worry over soil pollution since it can have catastrophic repercussions on plant, animal, and human life. A more in-depth understanding of the scope and severity of contamination is made possible by GIS, which offers a flexible and all-encompassing method to studying and assessing soil pollution. With the aid of GIS technology, precise maps of soil contamination may be produced by combining data from numerous sources, such as remote sensing, aerial photography, and ground surveys. This information can then be evaluated using a variety of techniques, such as spatial analysis, to pinpoint polluted areas, possible sources of pollution, and the effects they are most likely to have on the environment and human health. By making it easier to identify sensitive regions that need additional research or remediation, GIS can also help with the analysis of the risk of pollutant movement and dispersion. Comparing GIS to conventional methods for assessing soil pollution has various benefits. First of all, it enables a more thorough and in-depth examination of the degree and breadth of contamination, enabling the identification of locations that need urgent care. Second, it makes it easier for different stakeholders, such as environmental agencies, researchers, and policymakers, to share data and information, enabling better decision-making. Thirdly, it makes it possible to monitor and control soil contamination more effectively, allowing for the early detection of potential issues and the implementation of suitable corrective actions. In general, GIS technology is a useful tool for assessing soil pollution since it offers a more thorough and knowledgeable approach to environmental management. It is a crucial tool for environmental experts engaged in the assessment and control of soil pollution due to its capacity to combine different data sources, perform spatial analysis, and promote information sharing.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75475364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ntabakirabose Gaspard, Ndaruhutse Félicien, Majuga Jean Claude Noel, Tuyisenge Jean Claude, Musabyimana Jean Claude, D. Mburu
Agriculture sector is the main motel of life in the world. The price of agricultural products plays an important role in regulating production and consumption mechanism. Mainly farmers have been affected by different problems in supply of the products particularly price fluctuation. This paper aims to assess the effect of agricultural products price fluctuations on smallholder farmer’s welfare. A case study of Gicumbi, Nyagatare, Rubavu, and Nyaruguru districts. A cross sectional research design was used in the study where both purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 120 respondents. A regression analysis technique was used to identify the factors influencing price fluctuation through SPSS and STATA software. The results from the regression analysis indicated that various factors influencing price fluctuation of agricultural production including type of market, seasonal production, climate condition change, middlemen, farm inputs price, nature of product, price of petroleum, and political stability. The results of the study also indicated the effect of good price on farmers ‘lifestyle change through the increased farmer’ income, improved farmers livelihood, reduced the youth migration, increased their money savings, and the effective utilization of farm inputs. The study also revealed different measures for price fluctuation control; these include provision of subsidies to farmers, government price control, improvement of infrastructures, control of middlemen in agriculture sector, market stability, improvement of farming system, and creation of buffer stock zones in agro-ecological regions. As the rural and urban life mainly dependent on farmers ‘produce the stability of price of agricultural products should be control along the whole value chain in all possible area particularly at farm get and market level both regional and district.
{"title":"Effect of agricultural products price fluctuations on smallholder farmer’s welfare in Rwanda. A case study of Gicumbi, Nyagatare, Nyaruguru, Rubavu Districts.","authors":"Ntabakirabose Gaspard, Ndaruhutse Félicien, Majuga Jean Claude Noel, Tuyisenge Jean Claude, Musabyimana Jean Claude, D. Mburu","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.418","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture sector is the main motel of life in the world. The price of agricultural products plays an important role in regulating production and consumption mechanism. Mainly farmers have been affected by different problems in supply of the products particularly price fluctuation. This paper aims to assess the effect of agricultural products price fluctuations on smallholder farmer’s welfare. A case study of Gicumbi, Nyagatare, Rubavu, and Nyaruguru districts. A cross sectional research design was used in the study where both purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 120 respondents. A regression analysis technique was used to identify the factors influencing price fluctuation through SPSS and STATA software. The results from the regression analysis indicated that various factors influencing price fluctuation of agricultural production including type of market, seasonal production, climate condition change, middlemen, farm inputs price, nature of product, price of petroleum, and political stability. The results of the study also indicated the effect of good price on farmers ‘lifestyle change through the increased farmer’ income, improved farmers livelihood, reduced the youth migration, increased their money savings, and the effective utilization of farm inputs. The study also revealed different measures for price fluctuation control; these include provision of subsidies to farmers, government price control, improvement of infrastructures, control of middlemen in agriculture sector, market stability, improvement of farming system, and creation of buffer stock zones in agro-ecological regions. As the rural and urban life mainly dependent on farmers ‘produce the stability of price of agricultural products should be control along the whole value chain in all possible area particularly at farm get and market level both regional and district.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82704117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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