Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.13
Micheni Pauline Kananu, Gathungu Geofrey Kingori, Dennis Kariuki Muriithi
{"title":"Effects of Crop Diversification on Households’ Food Security Among Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Kirinyaga Central and East Sub-Counties, Kirinyaga County, Kenya","authors":"Micheni Pauline Kananu, Gathungu Geofrey Kingori, Dennis Kariuki Muriithi","doi":"10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73960576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.11
Biruk Masrie Zewdie, Worku Desale Yimer
{"title":"Optimizing Seedling Age for the Production of Onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) Varieties in Northeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Biruk Masrie Zewdie, Worku Desale Yimer","doi":"10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230904.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82173499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia A. Si. El. Ahmed, Feyzullah Öztürk, Gökhan Kişif,, Kedir A. Fentaw, I. Ortaş
Rapid economic and population growth has led to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating adequate soil and crop management for enhanced CO2 absorption. Plant and soil microorganisms have various effects on atmospheric CO2 capturing. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a leguminous plant, establishes a symbiotic association with rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, enabling it to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and sequester more CO2 into the biomass and then to the soil. However, the application type of fertilizers influences this plant’s growth and soil’s capacity to retain carbon (C). In this background, the current research aimed to explore the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilization methods on the growth and nutrient content of chickpea plants and nitrogen content and soil organic carbon. A long-term field trial was started in 1996 at Çukurova University Research Center, with the five treatments such as Control (without fertilizer), Animal manure (25 t ha-1), Mineral fertilizer (NPK), Compost (25 t ha-1), and Mycorrhiza + Compost (10 t ha-1). Chickpeas were planted and harvested in 2020. During harvesting, plant samples at 1 m2 area, and soil samples at 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm depths were taken. The shoot, root and pod fresh biomass and tissue C, P, K, N, and Zn concentrations were determined. Similarly, the soil P, organic C and total N concentrations were determined. The results of the study indicate that mineral fertilizer resulted in a notable enhancement in the shoot, root and seed biomass of chickpea plants. Furthermore, mineral fertilizer resulted in a higher concentration of carbon in the roots, while the treatments involving animal manure, compost +AMF, and compost showed higher concentrations of K in both shoots and seeds. Seed P concentration was higher when animal manure was applied and exhibited similarity to the compost treatment. In terms of soil properties, the application of animal manure led to increased levels of soil organic carbon and P. Moreover, the compost treatment showed an increase in organic carbon in deeper soil depth. At 15-30 cm soil depth, both animal manure and compost treatments contributed to improved levels of total nitrogen. The good effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and nutrient levels in sustainable farming practices are highlighted by these findings. When compared to mineral fertilizer, animal dung specifically showed considerable improvements in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
{"title":"Effects of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on the Growth of Chickpea Plant and Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Contents","authors":"Nadia A. Si. El. Ahmed, Feyzullah Öztürk, Gökhan Kişif,, Kedir A. Fentaw, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4115","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid economic and population growth has led to rising atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating adequate soil and crop management for enhanced CO2 absorption. Plant and soil microorganisms have various effects on atmospheric CO2 capturing. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a leguminous plant, establishes a symbiotic association with rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, enabling it to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and sequester more CO2 into the biomass and then to the soil. However, the application type of fertilizers influences this plant’s growth and soil’s capacity to retain carbon (C). In this background, the current research aimed to explore the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilization methods on the growth and nutrient content of chickpea plants and nitrogen content and soil organic carbon. A long-term field trial was started in 1996 at Çukurova University Research Center, with the five treatments such as Control (without fertilizer), Animal manure (25 t ha-1), Mineral fertilizer (NPK), Compost (25 t ha-1), and Mycorrhiza + Compost (10 t ha-1). Chickpeas were planted and harvested in 2020. During harvesting, plant samples at 1 m2 area, and soil samples at 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm depths were taken. The shoot, root and pod fresh biomass and tissue C, P, K, N, and Zn concentrations were determined. Similarly, the soil P, organic C and total N concentrations were determined. The results of the study indicate that mineral fertilizer resulted in a notable enhancement in the shoot, root and seed biomass of chickpea plants. Furthermore, mineral fertilizer resulted in a higher concentration of carbon in the roots, while the treatments involving animal manure, compost +AMF, and compost showed higher concentrations of K in both shoots and seeds. Seed P concentration was higher when animal manure was applied and exhibited similarity to the compost treatment. In terms of soil properties, the application of animal manure led to increased levels of soil organic carbon and P. Moreover, the compost treatment showed an increase in organic carbon in deeper soil depth. At 15-30 cm soil depth, both animal manure and compost treatments contributed to improved levels of total nitrogen. The good effects of organic fertilizers on soil fertility and nutrient levels in sustainable farming practices are highlighted by these findings. When compared to mineral fertilizer, animal dung specifically showed considerable improvements in soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75093980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ntabakirabose Gaspard, Ndaruhutse Félicien, Majuga Jean Claude Noel, Tuyisenge Jean Claude, Musabyimana Jean Claude, David Mwehia Mburu
Agriculture remains an important economic sector in many developing countries. It is a source of growth and a potential source of investment opportunities for the private sector. Irrigation, therefore, currently plays a less significant role in African agriculture compared to other regions, as Africa’s irrigated cultivated land is much lower than the world average. This research study investigated the impact of irrigation system use in agriculture farming in Rwanda. A multi-stage sampling method was employed, whereby the Nyagatare, Kirehe and Rulindo districts, and three irrigation schemes such as Kagitumba, Nasho and Muyanza were first purposely selected. Finally, a simple random sampling was used to obtain a total sample size of 240 maize farming households, within these three irrigation schemes. The findings indicated that land size was significantly and positively associated with the water pump use. The water pump and sprinkler irrigation system use and farm income were significantly and positively correlated. The water user’s association’s membership and the water pumper drip and sprinkler irrigation systems were significantly and positively correlated. The findings of this research revealed that factors namely family size, education level, fertilizers, irrigation system, farming experience are statistically significant to influence productivity of maize crops at these irrigation schemes. In addition, the results of cost benefit and margin analysis indicated that the Net Farm Income (NFI) per ha at Nasho schme site was largest followed by Kagitumba and Muyanza scheme site was the lowest. However, the benefit cost ratio was the highest (2.3) at Kagitumba site, suggesting that one-dollar of investment at Kagitumba irrigation scheme generates 2.3 dollars of revenue. Some factors in this study were statistically and significant to influence the farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water in study areas. After the findings, the researcher suggested that farmers should be encouraged to better use agricultural inputs, high attention should be made on infrastructures in order to sustain and maintain them in long run, farmers should be encouraged to pay for irrigation water, public and private sector should increase investment and expand the drip and sprinkler irrigation system where possible in country.
{"title":"Impact of Irrigation Systems Use in Agriculture Farming in Rwanda: A Case Study of Kagitumba, Nasho and Muyanza Schemes.","authors":"Ntabakirabose Gaspard, Ndaruhutse Félicien, Majuga Jean Claude Noel, Tuyisenge Jean Claude, Musabyimana Jean Claude, David Mwehia Mburu","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.411","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture remains an important economic sector in many developing countries. It is a source of growth and a potential source of investment opportunities for the private sector. Irrigation, therefore, currently plays a less significant role in African agriculture compared to other regions, as Africa’s irrigated cultivated land is much lower than the world average. This research study investigated the impact of irrigation system use in agriculture farming in Rwanda. A multi-stage sampling method was employed, whereby the Nyagatare, Kirehe and Rulindo districts, and three irrigation schemes such as Kagitumba, Nasho and Muyanza were first purposely selected. Finally, a simple random sampling was used to obtain a total sample size of 240 maize farming households, within these three irrigation schemes. The findings indicated that land size was significantly and positively associated with the water pump use. The water pump and sprinkler irrigation system use and farm income were significantly and positively correlated. The water user’s association’s membership and the water pumper drip and sprinkler irrigation systems were significantly and positively correlated. The findings of this research revealed that factors namely family size, education level, fertilizers, irrigation system, farming experience are statistically significant to influence productivity of maize crops at these irrigation schemes. In addition, the results of cost benefit and margin analysis indicated that the Net Farm Income (NFI) per ha at Nasho schme site was largest followed by Kagitumba and Muyanza scheme site was the lowest. However, the benefit cost ratio was the highest (2.3) at Kagitumba site, suggesting that one-dollar of investment at Kagitumba irrigation scheme generates 2.3 dollars of revenue. Some factors in this study were statistically and significant to influence the farmers’ willingness to pay for irrigation water in study areas. After the findings, the researcher suggested that farmers should be encouraged to better use agricultural inputs, high attention should be made on infrastructures in order to sustain and maintain them in long run, farmers should be encouraged to pay for irrigation water, public and private sector should increase investment and expand the drip and sprinkler irrigation system where possible in country.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81451845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to find a suitable pot mixture for improving the vigor of the saplings in Bambusa balcooa. Pot mixture containing garden soil + FYM in 1:1 ratio recorded the maximum seedling height (93.75 cm), number of branches (3.25), base diameter (7.50 mm), no. of internode (8), internode distance (11.25 cm) and weight of tiller (119.50 gm)
{"title":"Effect of potting mixture on growth and development of quality planting material of Bambusa balcooa","authors":"P. Raut, V. Ilorkar, Aarti.P. Deshmukh","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4116","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to find a suitable pot mixture for improving the vigor of the saplings in Bambusa balcooa. Pot mixture containing garden soil + FYM in 1:1 ratio recorded the maximum seedling height (93.75 cm), number of branches (3.25), base diameter (7.50 mm), no. of internode (8), internode distance (11.25 cm) and weight of tiller (119.50 gm)","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83903111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feyzullah Öztürk, V. Akşahi̇n, Yassal Khan, I. Ortaş
The experiment was carried out in a total of 54 pots, with 3 replications according to the randomized plot trial design. In the experiment, broad bean (Vicia faba) plant seeds were planted as plant material. In the experiment, 3 irrigation levels were determined for restricted irrigation (50%, 75%, 100% of the field capacity), 3 levels were determined for mycorrhizal fungus (non-mycorrhizal, G. mosseae and indigenous mycorrhiza), and for biochar treatments, control and 1% biochar were implemented. As a result of the experiment, carbon analyzes of soil and plant samples were carried out. The data obtained in the study were determined to develop better at 100% irrigation level under the conditions of biochar and G. mosseae inoculation. Carbon and nitrogen values were higher in bean plants in pots inoculated with mycorrhiza and treated with biochar. These results imply that increased soil and plant performance under restricted irrigation conditions can result from the application of biochar and irrigation at level I100.
{"title":"The Effect of Different Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Biochar Application on the Growth of Broad Bean Plant and Carbon Sequestration under Different Irrigation Levels","authors":"Feyzullah Öztürk, V. Akşahi̇n, Yassal Khan, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4125","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in a total of 54 pots, with 3 replications according to the randomized plot trial design. In the experiment, broad bean (Vicia faba) plant seeds were planted as plant material. In the experiment, 3 irrigation levels were determined for restricted irrigation (50%, 75%, 100% of the field capacity), 3 levels were determined for mycorrhizal fungus (non-mycorrhizal, G. mosseae and indigenous mycorrhiza), and for biochar treatments, control and 1% biochar were implemented. As a result of the experiment, carbon analyzes of soil and plant samples were carried out. The data obtained in the study were determined to develop better at 100% irrigation level under the conditions of biochar and G. mosseae inoculation. Carbon and nitrogen values were higher in bean plants in pots inoculated with mycorrhiza and treated with biochar. These results imply that increased soil and plant performance under restricted irrigation conditions can result from the application of biochar and irrigation at level I100.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pandey, Gayatri Paudel, Binita Timilsina, A. Bastola
The leasehold forestry aims to free the poor from a complicated cycle of poverty by institutionalizing and manipulating the local resources. This study is based on the structured and semi-structured questionnaire and an examination of both published and unpublished records. The study was carried out in 283 Leasehold Forest User Groups (LHFUGs) of the Gorkha district representing 8 different clusters. This study makes a clear effort to identify livelihood improvement in the Gorkha district through leasehold forest by taking into consideration livelihood assets (natural, physical, human, financial, and social). The condition of livelihood capitals in the study area was examined using a judgmental scoring technique that looked at the changes that occurred in five different capitals. Three indicators have been used for each of the assets and scores; +1, -1, and 0 were given to represent improved, degraded, and remained unchanged respectively. A spider web diagram was used to express the change. The results depicted that Chepang, Gurung, and Magar are the predominant indigenous peoples who benefited from the LHF. The result showed the constructive impact of the leasehold forestry program on each asset. The social, physical, human, natural and financial capital received an average total score of 0.778, 0.951, 0.748, 0.589, and 0.722 respectively. The most notable accomplishments were construction and access to the physical capitals including the effectiveness of constructions and advancement of knowledge about community development. Better-managed natural resources can help achieve both conservation and livelihood options.
{"title":"Assessment of the Role of Leasehold Forest in Livelihood Improvement in Gorkha District, Nepal","authors":"B. Pandey, Gayatri Paudel, Binita Timilsina, A. Bastola","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4120","url":null,"abstract":"The leasehold forestry aims to free the poor from a complicated cycle of poverty by institutionalizing and manipulating the local resources. This study is based on the structured and semi-structured questionnaire and an examination of both published and unpublished records. The study was carried out in 283 Leasehold Forest User Groups (LHFUGs) of the Gorkha district representing 8 different clusters. This study makes a clear effort to identify livelihood improvement in the Gorkha district through leasehold forest by taking into consideration livelihood assets (natural, physical, human, financial, and social). The condition of livelihood capitals in the study area was examined using a judgmental scoring technique that looked at the changes that occurred in five different capitals. Three indicators have been used for each of the assets and scores; +1, -1, and 0 were given to represent improved, degraded, and remained unchanged respectively. A spider web diagram was used to express the change. The results depicted that Chepang, Gurung, and Magar are the predominant indigenous peoples who benefited from the LHF. The result showed the constructive impact of the leasehold forestry program on each asset. The social, physical, human, natural and financial capital received an average total score of 0.778, 0.951, 0.748, 0.589, and 0.722 respectively. The most notable accomplishments were construction and access to the physical capitals including the effectiveness of constructions and advancement of knowledge about community development. Better-managed natural resources can help achieve both conservation and livelihood options.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90531801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kedir A. Fentaw, Yusufalp Kamışlı, Feyzullah Öztürk, Nadia A. Si. El. Ahmed, I. Ortaş
Effective nutrient and fertilizer management practices play a pivotal role in sustaining agriculture and mitigating the effects of climate change. These practices have a direct influence on soil fertility and crop productivity. This study investigated the long-term impacts of different phosphorus (P) fertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass yield and grain nutrient levels of wheat crops as well as on selected soil properties. The experiment was established in 1998 at the Research Center of Cukurova University in Adana, Southern Turkey. The wheat seeds were sown in October 2020 and harvested in May 2021. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, comprising 12 plots and replicated three times. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and subsequently analyzed for total carbon, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and the number of mycorrhizal spores. At harvest, wheat plant samples were collected for evaluating total dry biomass, grain yield and concentrations of potassium (K), zinc (Zn), total carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) in the grain. The result showed that there was a linear increase in the total dry biomass of wheat, however, grain yield started to decline at P200. The wheat grain nutrient concentrations did not differ significantly across P doses, except for higher concentrations of Zn and K at P50 and higher values of grain C and N at P100. However, there was a linear decrease in Zn concentration as the applied P dose increased. The soil OC and soil TN at 0-5 cm were significantly changed relative to the control. The highest levels of soil OC and TN were observed at P100. The number of mycorrhizal spores did not significantly change with the P dose, but a decreasing trend was observed at higher doses. In conclusion, based on the observed parameters of wheat grain yield, total biomass production, grain nutrient concentrations, and soil OC storage, the application of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 outperforms other P doses. However, the agronomic efficiencies, soil nutrient balance, and environmental effects of the applied P dose require more research.
有效的养分和肥料管理做法在维持农业和减轻气候变化影响方面发挥着关键作用。这些做法对土壤肥力和作物生产力有直接影响。研究了不同磷肥剂量(0、50、100和200 kg P2O5 ha-1)对小麦生物量产量和籽粒养分水平以及部分土壤性状的长期影响。该实验于1998年在土耳其南部阿达纳的库库罗娃大学研究中心进行。小麦种子于2020年10月播种，2021年5月收获。实验设计为随机完整区，包括12个区，重复3次。在0 ~ 15 cm和15 ~ 30 cm深度采集土壤样品，测定总碳、有机碳、总氮和菌根孢子数量。在收获季节，收集小麦植株样品，评估总干生物量、籽粒产量以及籽粒中钾(K)、锌(Zn)、总碳(C)和总氮(N)的浓度。结果表明:小麦总干生物量呈线性增加趋势，但产量在P200时开始下降;不同施磷剂量下，小麦籽粒养分浓度差异不显著，但P50时Zn和K浓度较高，P100时C和N浓度较高。锌浓度随施磷剂量的增加呈线性下降。0 ~ 5 cm土壤有机碳和全氮与对照相比变化显著。土壤有机碳和全氮含量在P100时最高。菌根孢子数量随P剂量变化不显著，但随P剂量增加呈下降趋势。综上所述，从小麦籽粒产量、总生物量、籽粒养分浓度和土壤有机碳储量的观测参数来看，施用100 kg P2O5 ha-1的效果优于其他施磷剂量。然而，施磷量的农艺效率、土壤养分平衡和环境效应还有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Yield and Nutrient Contents of Wheat, and Changes in Selected Soil Properties after 23 Years of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application","authors":"Kedir A. Fentaw, Yusufalp Kamışlı, Feyzullah Öztürk, Nadia A. Si. El. Ahmed, I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4118","url":null,"abstract":"Effective nutrient and fertilizer management practices play a pivotal role in sustaining agriculture and mitigating the effects of climate change. These practices have a direct influence on soil fertility and crop productivity. This study investigated the long-term impacts of different phosphorus (P) fertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass yield and grain nutrient levels of wheat crops as well as on selected soil properties. The experiment was established in 1998 at the Research Center of Cukurova University in Adana, Southern Turkey. The wheat seeds were sown in October 2020 and harvested in May 2021. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, comprising 12 plots and replicated three times. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and subsequently analyzed for total carbon, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and the number of mycorrhizal spores. At harvest, wheat plant samples were collected for evaluating total dry biomass, grain yield and concentrations of potassium (K), zinc (Zn), total carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) in the grain. The result showed that there was a linear increase in the total dry biomass of wheat, however, grain yield started to decline at P200. The wheat grain nutrient concentrations did not differ significantly across P doses, except for higher concentrations of Zn and K at P50 and higher values of grain C and N at P100. However, there was a linear decrease in Zn concentration as the applied P dose increased. The soil OC and soil TN at 0-5 cm were significantly changed relative to the control. The highest levels of soil OC and TN were observed at P100. The number of mycorrhizal spores did not significantly change with the P dose, but a decreasing trend was observed at higher doses. In conclusion, based on the observed parameters of wheat grain yield, total biomass production, grain nutrient concentrations, and soil OC storage, the application of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 outperforms other P doses. However, the agronomic efficiencies, soil nutrient balance, and environmental effects of the applied P dose require more research.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88018380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphorus is one of the most important crop-limiting elements which plays a crucial role in the growth as well as the development of the plant. To meet the crop need and to obtain the efficiency of fertilizer they should be applied in appropriate doses. Thus, an experiment including six different doses of phosphorus as a treatment (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) kgha-1 was designed to identify the optimum dose of phosphorus for better growth and yield of spring maize. The study was carried out according to one factorial RCBD with four replications of six treatments at Satyawati rural municipality, Khaireni, Gulmi from February-June 2022. Maize seeds (Arun-2) treated with Bavistin were sown by maintaining a spacing of 75*25 cm2. Different observations like biometrical, phenological as well as yield-attributing characters were recorded. The results showed that the different doses of phosphorus significantly affected the recorded parameters. The plant height was found highest (164.92cm) with 100kg P2O5 ha-1 which was statistically similar to the plant height (155.57cm) obtained at 80kg P2O5 ha-1. The longest days to silking and tasseling were found at 0 kg P2O5 ha-1. Likewise, cob length (23.05cm), number of grains per kernel (26.76), and shelling percentage (74.48%) were highest in plants with 100kg P2O5 ha-1and number of kernel row per cob (15.19), number of grains per cob (406.22) 1 and grain yield (6203.29kg ha-1) was highest in plants with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. The maximum harvest index percentage (38.13%) was obtained in 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. There was no significant variation of treatment on thousand-grain weight. This research showed that the treatment of 80kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to boost the yield of maize by enhancing the growth and yield attributes of maize. Thus, for a better and improved yield of maize 80 kg P2O5 h-1 is recommended in Gulmi.
磷是最重要的作物限制元素之一，对植物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用。为了满足作物的需要和获得肥料的效率，应施用适当的剂量。为此，设计了6种不同磷处理剂量(0、20、40、60、80和100)kha -1的试验，以确定春玉米生长和产量的最佳磷处理剂量。该研究于2022年2月至6月在Gulmi Khaireni的Satyawati农村市进行，根据一因子RCBD进行了四次重复的六种治疗。巴伐菌素处理玉米种子(Arun-2)，播种间距为75*25 cm2。记录了不同的生物特征、物候特征和产量属性特征。结果表明，不同磷剂量对记录参数有显著影响。100kg P2O5 hm -1处理的株高最高(164.92cm)，与80kg P2O5 hm -1处理的株高(155.57cm)具有统计学上的相似性。在0 kg P2O5 ha-1处理下，出丝和抽雄天数最长。同样，100kg P2O5 ha-1的植株的穗轴长度(23.05cm)、每粒粒数(26.76)和脱壳率(74.48%)最高;80 kg P2O5 ha-1的植株的每芯粒行数(15.19)、每芯粒数(406.22)1和籽粒产量(6203.29kg ha-1)最高。60 kg P2O5 hm -1的收获指数最高，为38.13%。各处理对千粒重无显著影响。本研究表明，80kg P2O5 ha-1处理可通过改善玉米生长和产量性状来提高玉米产量。因此，为了提高玉米产量，建议在Gulmi地区施用80 kg P2O5 h-1。
{"title":"Accessing the efficacy of different doses of phosphorus on growth and yield of spring maize (Zea mays L.) at Gulmi, Nepal","authors":"Shikha Sharma, Ananta Prakash Subedi, Bibek Budhathoki, S. Neupane, Praju Ghimire","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.413","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is one of the most important crop-limiting elements which plays a crucial role in the growth as well as the development of the plant. To meet the crop need and to obtain the efficiency of fertilizer they should be applied in appropriate doses. Thus, an experiment including six different doses of phosphorus as a treatment (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) kgha-1 was designed to identify the optimum dose of phosphorus for better growth and yield of spring maize. The study was carried out according to one factorial RCBD with four replications of six treatments at Satyawati rural municipality, Khaireni, Gulmi from February-June 2022. Maize seeds (Arun-2) treated with Bavistin were sown by maintaining a spacing of 75*25 cm2. Different observations like biometrical, phenological as well as yield-attributing characters were recorded. The results showed that the different doses of phosphorus significantly affected the recorded parameters. The plant height was found highest (164.92cm) with 100kg P2O5 ha-1 which was statistically similar to the plant height (155.57cm) obtained at 80kg P2O5 ha-1. The longest days to silking and tasseling were found at 0 kg P2O5 ha-1. Likewise, cob length (23.05cm), number of grains per kernel (26.76), and shelling percentage (74.48%) were highest in plants with 100kg P2O5 ha-1and number of kernel row per cob (15.19), number of grains per cob (406.22) 1 and grain yield (6203.29kg ha-1) was highest in plants with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. The maximum harvest index percentage (38.13%) was obtained in 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. There was no significant variation of treatment on thousand-grain weight. This research showed that the treatment of 80kg P2O5 ha-1 was found to boost the yield of maize by enhancing the growth and yield attributes of maize. Thus, for a better and improved yield of maize 80 kg P2O5 h-1 is recommended in Gulmi.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79854028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our investigation included cabbage leaves for insecticides residue analysis. We had been treated by the formulation acetamipride (Mosiplan 20% SP) and profenofos (Ictacron 72% EC) and residues were estimated by HPLC. The findings demonstrated that for each insecticide, a different amount of residues were recorded over the trial period. Acetamipride and profenofos had early deposits of 0.88 and 1.85 ppm on and in unwashed cabbage leaves, respectively. Acetamiprid and profenofos residues on unwashed cabbage leaves were 0.50 ppm and 1.07 ppm, respectively, after the first day of spraying. These reduced to 0.11 and 0.39 ppm on washed cabbage with tap water. To reduce the concentration of pesticide residues in cabbage leaves, it is vital to wash the leaves with tap water as residue loss increases with the amount of time that has passed after spraying began until the end of the trial period. It indicates that acetamiprid was degraded faster than profenofos. These variations in the rate of disappearance of various insecticides could be related to variations in chemical formulation and structure as well as application rates. The safety time after which cabbage plants sprayed with acetamipride and profenofos may be picked up was the first and seventh days, respectively, according to maximum residues limits (MRLs).
{"title":"Determination of Acetamipride and Profenofos Residues in Cabbage Using QuECHERS Method in Sohag, Upper Egypt","authors":"Gaber, S.S, Sallam, A.A., H. Ali","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.417","url":null,"abstract":"Our investigation included cabbage leaves for insecticides residue analysis. We had been treated by the formulation acetamipride (Mosiplan 20% SP) and profenofos (Ictacron 72% EC) and residues were estimated by HPLC. The findings demonstrated that for each insecticide, a different amount of residues were recorded over the trial period. Acetamipride and profenofos had early deposits of 0.88 and 1.85 ppm on and in unwashed cabbage leaves, respectively. Acetamiprid and profenofos residues on unwashed cabbage leaves were 0.50 ppm and 1.07 ppm, respectively, after the first day of spraying. These reduced to 0.11 and 0.39 ppm on washed cabbage with tap water. To reduce the concentration of pesticide residues in cabbage leaves, it is vital to wash the leaves with tap water as residue loss increases with the amount of time that has passed after spraying began until the end of the trial period. It indicates that acetamiprid was degraded faster than profenofos. These variations in the rate of disappearance of various insecticides could be related to variations in chemical formulation and structure as well as application rates. The safety time after which cabbage plants sprayed with acetamipride and profenofos may be picked up was the first and seventh days, respectively, according to maximum residues limits (MRLs).","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75050796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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