Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop with an indeterminate growth habit. Farmers prefer major crops and avoid cultivation of Brassica napus due to its delay in maturity. Its sowing competes with the sowing of wheat. So the main objective of the research was the characterization of locally adapted germplasm and the selection of early maturating genotypes to avoid its competition with wheat. Twenty-seven accessions of Brassica napus were collected to estimate the genetic diversity of morphological characters under field conditions by using RCBD with 3 replications. Collected data for different quantitative No. of main branches, plant height, No. of secondary branches, silique length, leaf area, days to 50% blooming, days to 50% ripeness and qualitative traits (leaf shape, leaf colour, pod shape, petiole shape, seed colour, seed shape). Significant variations were estimated among quantitative characters. Minimum days to 50% blooming were observed for G16 and G18. Minimum days to 50% maturity were observed for G16 and G19. Accessions that were observed with minimum days to 50% flowering and minimum days to 50% maturity could be utilized in future breeding programs for early maturity of Brassica napus. A maximum No. of plants had lanceolate green leaves, cylindrical silique, round petioles and black seeds with round shape. Plant height and No. of secondary twigs/plants had substantial genotypic correlation with thousand seed weight and seed yield/plant. Except for plant height, secondary twigs, silique size, and days to 50% flowering, all the characteristics had a positive direct impact on seed weight per 1000.
{"title":"Morphological characterization and selection of early maturing Brassica napus accessions","authors":"H. Razzaq, Hamza Nawaz, Ansar Abbas","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.422","url":null,"abstract":"Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop with an indeterminate growth habit. Farmers prefer major crops and avoid cultivation of Brassica napus due to its delay in maturity. Its sowing competes with the sowing of wheat. So the main objective of the research was the characterization of locally adapted germplasm and the selection of early maturating genotypes to avoid its competition with wheat. Twenty-seven accessions of Brassica napus were collected to estimate the genetic diversity of morphological characters under field conditions by using RCBD with 3 replications. Collected data for different quantitative No. of main branches, plant height, No. of secondary branches, silique length, leaf area, days to 50% blooming, days to 50% ripeness and qualitative traits (leaf shape, leaf colour, pod shape, petiole shape, seed colour, seed shape). Significant variations were estimated among quantitative characters. Minimum days to 50% blooming were observed for G16 and G18. Minimum days to 50% maturity were observed for G16 and G19. Accessions that were observed with minimum days to 50% flowering and minimum days to 50% maturity could be utilized in future breeding programs for early maturity of Brassica napus. A maximum No. of plants had lanceolate green leaves, cylindrical silique, round petioles and black seeds with round shape. Plant height and No. of secondary twigs/plants had substantial genotypic correlation with thousand seed weight and seed yield/plant. Except for plant height, secondary twigs, silique size, and days to 50% flowering, all the characteristics had a positive direct impact on seed weight per 1000.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most significant and taxonomically varied biotic element in every aquatic environment is aquatic macrophytes. They play a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem's structure and functionality. Additionally serving as bioindicators of the general health of a water body are macrophyte kinds, variety, density, and depth. In present study, the quantitative diversity of aquatic macrophytes was assessed from different wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya which is a central university and holds four important water bodies in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state, India. A total of 33 aquatic macrophytes species were identified belonging to 21 families from wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. These macrophytes were grouped as floating, submerged and emergent mainly dominated by emergent macrophyte species followed by floating and submerged i.e., 23, 8 and 2 species respectively. The highest species diversity was observed in Pond 1 and 4 with 26 species each and highest species richness was observed in Pond 4 with 158 individual counts, the highest IVI was achieved by emergent Ipomoea carnea (16.492) and the highest occurring family was found to be Cyperaceae (12.12% of total species). Other diversity indices were calculated as 3.451, 0.042, 33 and 0.946 for Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Simpson's Index (D), Species Richness (R), and Evenness (E) respectively. However, for the conservation and sustainable utilization of aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to understand the status and importance of macrophytes to the ecosystem and its functioning.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Macrophytes Diversity and their Status in Wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh (India)","authors":"Abhishek Maitry, Shishir Chandrakar, Animesh Shukla, Aishwarya Chandra","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4216","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant and taxonomically varied biotic element in every aquatic environment is aquatic macrophytes. They play a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem's structure and functionality. Additionally serving as bioindicators of the general health of a water body are macrophyte kinds, variety, density, and depth. In present study, the quantitative diversity of aquatic macrophytes was assessed from different wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya which is a central university and holds four important water bodies in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state, India. A total of 33 aquatic macrophytes species were identified belonging to 21 families from wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. These macrophytes were grouped as floating, submerged and emergent mainly dominated by emergent macrophyte species followed by floating and submerged i.e., 23, 8 and 2 species respectively. The highest species diversity was observed in Pond 1 and 4 with 26 species each and highest species richness was observed in Pond 4 with 158 individual counts, the highest IVI was achieved by emergent Ipomoea carnea (16.492) and the highest occurring family was found to be Cyperaceae (12.12% of total species). Other diversity indices were calculated as 3.451, 0.042, 33 and 0.946 for Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Simpson's Index (D), Species Richness (R), and Evenness (E) respectively. However, for the conservation and sustainable utilization of aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to understand the status and importance of macrophytes to the ecosystem and its functioning.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present communication deals with the Skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae: Lepidoptera) common to Sulawesi (Indonesia) and India with their common names, host plants and updating.
{"title":"Skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae: Lepidoptera) common to Sulawesi (Indonesia) and India, with their host plants","authors":"A. Husain, Wajid Hasan","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4215","url":null,"abstract":"The present communication deals with the Skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae: Lepidoptera) common to Sulawesi (Indonesia) and India with their common names, host plants and updating.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intricate interplay between terrace gardening, indoor gardening, and human biochemistry uncovers a captivating world of possibilities. Terrace gardens, revitalized from ancient times, transcend their role as urban landscapes to become alchemical laboratories where plants synthesize an array of bioactive compounds. These compounds hold immense potential to shape human biochemistry, offering transformative effects on our physical and mental states. Similarly, indoor gardening, a response to urban living, not only purifies the air but also emits subtle vibrations that harmonize with our physiological and psychological well-being. The symbiotic exchange of energy between humans and indoor plants influences our moods, cognition, and overall vitality. In this fascinating exploration, we witness the convergence of ancient wisdom, spiritual traditions, and scientific disciplines such as biochemistry, botany, pharmacology, and neuroscience. By recognizing plants as intricate allies, we can tap into their latent powers and forge a harmonious coexistence with the natural world, ultimately reclaiming our inherent connection to nature. The alchemical nexus invites us to embark on a transformative journey, where the boundaries between science, spirituality, and horticulture dissolve, allowing us to harness the energies that surround us and embark on a remarkable path of self-discovery and ecological harmony in the midst of rapid urbanization and technological advancements.
{"title":"Unveiling the Alchemical Nexus: Exploring the Profound Interplay between Terrace Gardening, Indoor Gardening, and Human Biochemistry","authors":"Sheetanshu Gupta, Wajid Hasan","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.429","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate interplay between terrace gardening, indoor gardening, and human biochemistry uncovers a captivating world of possibilities. Terrace gardens, revitalized from ancient times, transcend their role as urban landscapes to become alchemical laboratories where plants synthesize an array of bioactive compounds. These compounds hold immense potential to shape human biochemistry, offering transformative effects on our physical and mental states. Similarly, indoor gardening, a response to urban living, not only purifies the air but also emits subtle vibrations that harmonize with our physiological and psychological well-being. The symbiotic exchange of energy between humans and indoor plants influences our moods, cognition, and overall vitality. In this fascinating exploration, we witness the convergence of ancient wisdom, spiritual traditions, and scientific disciplines such as biochemistry, botany, pharmacology, and neuroscience. By recognizing plants as intricate allies, we can tap into their latent powers and forge a harmonious coexistence with the natural world, ultimately reclaiming our inherent connection to nature. The alchemical nexus invites us to embark on a transformative journey, where the boundaries between science, spirituality, and horticulture dissolve, allowing us to harness the energies that surround us and embark on a remarkable path of self-discovery and ecological harmony in the midst of rapid urbanization and technological advancements.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citrus fruit production is one of the largest fruit crop productions in the World, especially in the Mediterranean area. The future of citrus plantations in the sub-tropical region depends on climate change. Eight billion world’s population’s activity and energy demand is getting increased and as a result, more greenhouse gases are fluxing into the atmosphere. All the atmospheric data such as CO2 and other gases concentrations are increasing and weather patterns are continuously changing which results in climate change. Agricultural productivity and climate change parameters are interrelated in many ways. Abiotic stresses such as temperature and water stress are the main environmental factors that reduce yield at a drastic level. Climate-based stress factors cause physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes in plant growth and structure. Stress factors also lead to a reduction in crop yield. An increase in temperature and water deficiency is expected to result in reduced citrus tree fruit growth and in turn decreased yield. In the present work, the effects of greenhouse gases on climate change and the citrus plantation future are discussed. Since net carbon dioxide assimilation in plant leaves and stomatal conductance is reduced by high leaf temperature, plant growth is depressed. Due to water deficiency, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are naturally reduced, and in turn, the yield will be reduced. Knowing the possible effects of climate change on photosynthesis productivity and CO2 assimilation capacity in citrus plants is better. In addition, it is better to know what can be done to keep yield at optimum levels. Also, it is better to know the rhizosphere organism’s role in the mitigation of greenhouse gases to reduce climate change effects on agricultural sustainability.
{"title":"The Effects of Climate Change on the Future of Citrus Growth in the Mediterranean Region Change","authors":"I. Ortaş","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.428","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus fruit production is one of the largest fruit crop productions in the World, especially in the Mediterranean area. The future of citrus plantations in the sub-tropical region depends on climate change. Eight billion world’s population’s activity and energy demand is getting increased and as a result, more greenhouse gases are fluxing into the atmosphere. All the atmospheric data such as CO2 and other gases concentrations are increasing and weather patterns are continuously changing which results in climate change. Agricultural productivity and climate change parameters are interrelated in many ways. Abiotic stresses such as temperature and water stress are the main environmental factors that reduce yield at a drastic level. Climate-based stress factors cause physiological, biochemical, and anatomical changes in plant growth and structure. Stress factors also lead to a reduction in crop yield. An increase in temperature and water deficiency is expected to result in reduced citrus tree fruit growth and in turn decreased yield. In the present work, the effects of greenhouse gases on climate change and the citrus plantation future are discussed. Since net carbon dioxide assimilation in plant leaves and stomatal conductance is reduced by high leaf temperature, plant growth is depressed. Due to water deficiency, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are naturally reduced, and in turn, the yield will be reduced. Knowing the possible effects of climate change on photosynthesis productivity and CO2 assimilation capacity in citrus plants is better. In addition, it is better to know what can be done to keep yield at optimum levels. Also, it is better to know the rhizosphere organism’s role in the mitigation of greenhouse gases to reduce climate change effects on agricultural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kahkashan Qayoom, Shaista Manzoor, Aroos Rauf Rafiqui, Omais Bin Ayoub
Climate change threatens sustainable agriculture with its rapid and unpredictable consequences, making it more challenging for agricultural researchers and farmers to adjust to biotic and abiotic stress challenges. The combined impacts of climate, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other factors including soil moisture, atmospheric CO2, and tropospheric ozone (O3), will determine the potential influence of global climate change on plant-pest populations. Variations in sericulture productivity can be caused by either direct consequences of these factors at the plant level or repercussions at the system level, such as variations in insect pest prevalence. In addition to the physiological response of the impacted mulberry plant, silkworm rearing, and post-cocoon technology, as well as variations in the frequency of droughts or floods, all these factors determine how vulnerable raw silk production is to climate change. A number of researchers in the field of sericulture predicted that climate change would have a major impact on the productivity of silk, which has a direct impact on the Indian economy, was predicted by a number of researchers in the field of sericulture. The development of genotypes suited for various agro-climatic situations is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the sericulture sector amid global climatic change and the impending scarcity of land and water. Transgenic revolution, tissue culture, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in mulberry will generate advanced biotechnological cultivation technologies that will improve sericulture industry’s economy and the quality of life of those engaged in sericulture practices.
{"title":"Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management under Climate Change in Sericulture","authors":"Kahkashan Qayoom, Shaista Manzoor, Aroos Rauf Rafiqui, Omais Bin Ayoub","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.426","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change threatens sustainable agriculture with its rapid and unpredictable consequences, making it more challenging for agricultural researchers and farmers to adjust to biotic and abiotic stress challenges. The combined impacts of climate, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other factors including soil moisture, atmospheric CO2, and tropospheric ozone (O3), will determine the potential influence of global climate change on plant-pest populations. Variations in sericulture productivity can be caused by either direct consequences of these factors at the plant level or repercussions at the system level, such as variations in insect pest prevalence. In addition to the physiological response of the impacted mulberry plant, silkworm rearing, and post-cocoon technology, as well as variations in the frequency of droughts or floods, all these factors determine how vulnerable raw silk production is to climate change. A number of researchers in the field of sericulture predicted that climate change would have a major impact on the productivity of silk, which has a direct impact on the Indian economy, was predicted by a number of researchers in the field of sericulture. The development of genotypes suited for various agro-climatic situations is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the sericulture sector amid global climatic change and the impending scarcity of land and water. Transgenic revolution, tissue culture, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in mulberry will generate advanced biotechnological cultivation technologies that will improve sericulture industry’s economy and the quality of life of those engaged in sericulture practices.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donis Gurmessa, Merdasa Balcha, B. Gudeta, Samuel Damtew, Arkebe Gebregziabher
The present investigation was undertaken to study the extent of heterosis in respect of seed cotton and lint yield, fiber quality traits and other agronomic performances. Six cotton genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations including reciprocals. The resulting filial generation (F1 hybrids) seed of 30 crosses and 6 parents were planted in a simple lattice design with a perfect square of 6x6 replicated twice. Mean square due to genotypic differences were found significant for all the traits under study except for boll number per plant indicating the availability of substantial genetic diversity for different traits in the experimental materials. Among the hybrids intra specific G. hirsutum L. hybrid, HS-46 x Stonoville 453 19-8 X Stam 59A x Cucurova 1518 30-2 (B-1) exhibited considerable heterotic values for seed cotton and lint yield, and fiber length possibly suitable for local cottage and textile industries. The obtained results indicated the possibility of improving yield and fiber quality traits simultaneously using interspecific hybrids. Moreover, research on cotton breeding needs to address all possibilities including the exploitation of hybrid vigour to increase yield and fiber qualities of cotton production in Ethiopia.
本调查旨在研究籽棉和皮棉产量、纤维质量性状及其他农艺表现方面的异质性程度。六个棉花基因型以所有可能的组合（包括互交）进行杂交。将 30 个杂交种和 6 个亲本的子一代（F1 杂交种）种子按 6x6 的完美方格进行简单的格子设计，重复两次。除每株棉铃数外，所研究的所有性状的基因型差异均方差显著，这表明实验材料的不同性状具有很大的遗传多样性。在杂交种中，一个特定的 G. hirsutum L. 杂交种 HS-46 x Stonoville 453 19-8 X Stam 59A x Cucurova 1518 30-2（B-1）在籽棉、皮棉产量和纤维长度方面表现出相当高的异交值，可能适合当地的家庭手工业和纺织业。研究结果表明，利用种间杂交种可以同时提高产量和纤维品质。此外，棉花育种研究需要解决所有可能性，包括利用杂交种的活力来提高埃塞俄比亚棉花生产的产量和纤维质量。
{"title":"Study of heterosis for agronomic, yield and fiber quality traits in cotton under the irrigated condition of Middle Awash, Ethiopia","authors":"Donis Gurmessa, Merdasa Balcha, B. Gudeta, Samuel Damtew, Arkebe Gebregziabher","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.424","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was undertaken to study the extent of heterosis in respect of seed cotton and lint yield, fiber quality traits and other agronomic performances. Six cotton genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations including reciprocals. The resulting filial generation (F1 hybrids) seed of 30 crosses and 6 parents were planted in a simple lattice design with a perfect square of 6x6 replicated twice. Mean square due to genotypic differences were found significant for all the traits under study except for boll number per plant indicating the availability of substantial genetic diversity for different traits in the experimental materials. Among the hybrids intra specific G. hirsutum L. hybrid, HS-46 x Stonoville 453 19-8 X Stam 59A x Cucurova 1518 30-2 (B-1) exhibited considerable heterotic values for seed cotton and lint yield, and fiber length possibly suitable for local cottage and textile industries. The obtained results indicated the possibility of improving yield and fiber quality traits simultaneously using interspecific hybrids. Moreover, research on cotton breeding needs to address all possibilities including the exploitation of hybrid vigour to increase yield and fiber qualities of cotton production in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In modern agricultural practices, enhancing crop growth and yield has become a pivotal focus for ensuring food security and economic sustainability. One promising approach involves the utilization of foliar application techniques, which allow for the targeted delivery of essential nutrients directly to plant tissues. Tomato is the one of most important promising vegetables worldwide which is rich in minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugars and dietary fibers. An experiment was conducted in 2023 at Kernel Agro Farm in Buddhabhumi municipality, Kapilvastu, Nepal. The aim of the study was to optimize the concentration of zinc and boron foliar application on tomato growth and yield related attributes.A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment with five treatments and four replications was set up to explore the "Effect of zinc and boron foliar application on tomato growth and yield under protected structures." Treatments included control (no foliar spray), zinc 0.5%, zinc 1%, boron 0.25%, and boron 0.5%. A variety of observations were made, including plant height (cm), flower and fruit numbers, yield (ton/ha), and quality indicators (Total Soluble Solid, Titratable Acidity, and pH). The results revealed a noticeable difference between the treatments in terms of contributing features. Zinc 1% showed significantly superior outcomes for plant height (177 cm), flower and fruit production (63.1), number of fruit(61.3), and yield(40.57 tons/ha). Similar outcomes were also seen for boron at 0.25 percent as compared to zinc1% for yield and yield-attributing features.Boron0.25% showed significantly outcomes for plant height (176cm),flower and fruit production(53.8), number of fruit per plant(50.7) ,and yield(31.32tons/ha). The results for quality parameters were not significant. Therefore, tomato development and production can be improved by applying a foliar spray with 1% zinc and 0.25% boron. Taken together, these results offer valuable insights for tomato growers and agricultural practitioners seeking to optimize crop production in protected structures. Further research could delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms driving these effects and explore potential variations in application rates or timings for even greater outcomes.
{"title":"Effect of zinc and boron foliar application on tomato growth and yield under protected structure","authors":"Dhurba Banjade, Dipak Khanal, Aman Shrestha","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.425","url":null,"abstract":"In modern agricultural practices, enhancing crop growth and yield has become a pivotal focus for ensuring food security and economic sustainability. One promising approach involves the utilization of foliar application techniques, which allow for the targeted delivery of essential nutrients directly to plant tissues. Tomato is the one of most important promising vegetables worldwide which is rich in minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugars and dietary fibers. An experiment was conducted in 2023 at Kernel Agro Farm in Buddhabhumi municipality, Kapilvastu, Nepal. The aim of the study was to optimize the concentration of zinc and boron foliar application on tomato growth and yield related attributes.A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment with five treatments and four replications was set up to explore the \"Effect of zinc and boron foliar application on tomato growth and yield under protected structures.\" Treatments included control (no foliar spray), zinc 0.5%, zinc 1%, boron 0.25%, and boron 0.5%. A variety of observations were made, including plant height (cm), flower and fruit numbers, yield (ton/ha), and quality indicators (Total Soluble Solid, Titratable Acidity, and pH). The results revealed a noticeable difference between the treatments in terms of contributing features. Zinc 1% showed significantly superior outcomes for plant height (177 cm), flower and fruit production (63.1), number of fruit(61.3), and yield(40.57 tons/ha). Similar outcomes were also seen for boron at 0.25 percent as compared to zinc1% for yield and yield-attributing features.Boron0.25% showed significantly outcomes for plant height (176cm),flower and fruit production(53.8), number of fruit per plant(50.7) ,and yield(31.32tons/ha). The results for quality parameters were not significant. Therefore, tomato development and production can be improved by applying a foliar spray with 1% zinc and 0.25% boron. Taken together, these results offer valuable insights for tomato growers and agricultural practitioners seeking to optimize crop production in protected structures. Further research could delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms driving these effects and explore potential variations in application rates or timings for even greater outcomes.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered a superior oil seed crop due to its high oil and protein content. Due to their cross-pollinated mode, its hybrids are very popular. Several crosses were evaluated for their oil and yield-related traits. To achieve this goal, seven parent genotypes were collected, including four female and three male parents each. Three repetitions of the Randomized Complete Block Design were used to evaluate twelve crosses and seven parental lines. The following traits were measured at maturity: days to flower initiation, days to 100% flowering, head diameter, plant height, leaf area, and 100 achene weight. To find the significance of parents, crosses, and general and specific combinations, data were analyzed using line x-tester analysis. The parents A-10, A-20, and R-70 performed well for days to 100% flowering, whereas A-30 and A-40 performed well for leaf area and head diameter. In terms of days to flower initiation, the hybrids A-30 x R-74 and A-40 x R-72 displayed negative and significant heterosis compared to the mid-parent, better parent, and standard. Crosses A-20 x R-70 and A-30 x R-74 functioned exceptionally well for 100 achene weight. The best-performing crosses were selected for further use in breeding programs.
向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）因其油脂和蛋白质含量高而被认为是一种优质的油料作物。由于其异花授粉模式，其杂交种非常受欢迎。我们对几个杂交种的油脂和产量相关性状进行了评估。为实现这一目标，共收集了 7 个亲本基因型，包括 4 个雌性亲本和 3 个雄性亲本。采用随机完全区组设计的三次重复，对 12 个杂交种和 7 个亲本品系进行了评估。在成熟期测量了以下性状：始花天数、100%开花天数、头径、株高、叶面积和 100 个瘦果重量。为找出亲本、杂交种、一般组合和特殊组合的显著性，采用品系 x 试验分析法对数据进行了分析。亲本 A-10、A-20 和 R-70 在 100%开花天数方面表现良好，而 A-30 和 A-40 在叶面积和头径方面表现良好。在始花日数方面，杂交种 A-30 x R-74 和 A-40 x R-72 与中间亲本、较好亲本和标准杂交种相比，表现出显著的负异交性。杂交种 A-20 x R-70 和 A-30 x R-74 在 100 个瘦果重量方面表现优异。表现最好的杂交种被选中进一步用于育种计划。
{"title":"Heterosis and Combining Ability Analysis in Sunflower Through Line × Tester Breeding Scheme","authors":"H. Razzaq, Talha Hafeez, Ahsan Ali","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4210","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered a superior oil seed crop due to its high oil and protein content. Due to their cross-pollinated mode, its hybrids are very popular. Several crosses were evaluated for their oil and yield-related traits. To achieve this goal, seven parent genotypes were collected, including four female and three male parents each. Three repetitions of the Randomized Complete Block Design were used to evaluate twelve crosses and seven parental lines. The following traits were measured at maturity: days to flower initiation, days to 100% flowering, head diameter, plant height, leaf area, and 100 achene weight. To find the significance of parents, crosses, and general and specific combinations, data were analyzed using line x-tester analysis. The parents A-10, A-20, and R-70 performed well for days to 100% flowering, whereas A-30 and A-40 performed well for leaf area and head diameter. In terms of days to flower initiation, the hybrids A-30 x R-74 and A-40 x R-72 displayed negative and significant heterosis compared to the mid-parent, better parent, and standard. Crosses A-20 x R-70 and A-30 x R-74 functioned exceptionally well for 100 achene weight. The best-performing crosses were selected for further use in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was undertaken to study the microbial changes in 60 days of storage in tea bags. Tea drinking is an ancient custom with strong cultural roots in many nations. Furthermore, tea consumption has increased globally in recent years. Because germs and mold thrive in humid conditions, improper storage of herbal tea poses a significant health risk to customers. Mango leaves have traditionally been consumed, and using them to make tea has become a popular trend to help cure diabetes and blood vessel issues related to diabetes. The plant's leaves are rich in flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and resins. They also exhibit biocidal, antimicrobial, antidiarrhea, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity against periodontal infections, as well as the ability to treat gastric ulcer disease. During various storage periods, the moisture level of the tea bags from the best treatment (T3) ranged between 6.63 and 7.2 percent, the total plate count ranged from 0.9×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.41×10^2 cfu/gram and yeast and mold count range from 0.54×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.02×10^2 cfu/gram during the first 60 days of storage. Longer storage times do, however, also increase the overall plate count and yeast mold count. It was discovered during the storage analysis that the shelf-life was just roughly 60 days.
{"title":"Study of Microbial changes in tea bags prepared from mango and guava leaves during storage","authors":"Kavita Verma, A. Verma, Neeru Bala","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2023.4212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4212","url":null,"abstract":"The study was undertaken to study the microbial changes in 60 days of storage in tea bags. Tea drinking is an ancient custom with strong cultural roots in many nations. Furthermore, tea consumption has increased globally in recent years. Because germs and mold thrive in humid conditions, improper storage of herbal tea poses a significant health risk to customers. Mango leaves have traditionally been consumed, and using them to make tea has become a popular trend to help cure diabetes and blood vessel issues related to diabetes. The plant's leaves are rich in flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and resins. They also exhibit biocidal, antimicrobial, antidiarrhea, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity against periodontal infections, as well as the ability to treat gastric ulcer disease. During various storage periods, the moisture level of the tea bags from the best treatment (T3) ranged between 6.63 and 7.2 percent, the total plate count ranged from 0.9×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.41×10^2 cfu/gram and yeast and mold count range from 0.54×10^2 cfu/gram to 1.02×10^2 cfu/gram during the first 60 days of storage. Longer storage times do, however, also increase the overall plate count and yeast mold count. It was discovered during the storage analysis that the shelf-life was just roughly 60 days.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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