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2017 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)最新文献

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A new approach for executing differential calculus and application to failure rate analysis 一种新的执行微分的方法及其在故障率分析中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889798
Akitoshi Wada, M. Hayashi
We propose a new approach to executing differential calculus using simple 2 by 2 matrices and demonstrate an important application to the reliability engineering field. This matrix approach prevents an exponential increase in computation time of the post-expression obtained by differential calculus and shows instead a linear increase. This approach is a breakthrough for solving computation problems not only in the reliability engineering field but also in almost all science and engineering fields because differential calculus is essential to and commonly used in almost all of them.
我们提出了一种使用简单的2 × 2矩阵执行微分计算的新方法,并展示了在可靠性工程领域的重要应用。这种矩阵方法防止了由微分法得到的后表达式的计算时间呈指数增长,而是显示了线性增长。这种方法是解决计算问题的一个突破,不仅在可靠性工程领域,而且在几乎所有的科学和工程领域,因为微分是必不可少的和常用的。
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引用次数: 2
Reliability paradox for worldwide automotive electronics 全球汽车电子的可靠性悖论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889654
C. Tan, Udit Narula, D. Kapoor
Automotive Electronics is growing ever since the technological advancement has brought about a revolution in the Automotive Semiconductor and Telematics industry, especially in the past decade. Utilization of microelectronics and hence circuits' complexity is increasing continuously in automotive industry. Advancement in electronic technology increases the dominance of electronics in automotive markets, and reliability requirements for Automobile Electronics have grown over the past many years. However, the faults and rate of defects is also increasing as indicated by proportion of number of recalls made by large automobile companies, and this poses a difficult ‘Paradox’ to understand and curb. One of the reasons is that the increase in technological advancements makes the vehicles' system more complex and difficult to test for reliability. Also, operating parameters such as temperature, humidity, etc. are increasingly stringent with the continuous development of the electronic systems in vehicles. Short time to market and ineffective design for reliability methodology employed, including various misconceptions on reliability testing, have rendered a lag in providing components and systems that match the increasing reliability requirements for vehicles. Therefore, a call for greater effort in reliability understanding and systematic design for reliability methodology is essential if continuous engagement of advanced electronic technologies is to be continued. The transition from Mechanical Automotive system to Electronics Automotive system and its effect on the Automotive industry is discussed in this work. The fact that technological benefits are not helping in improving reliability of the Automotive Electronics system is explained by studying the worldwide automotive recalls and the Paradox of Automotive Electronics Reliability is presented and explained.
自从技术进步带来了汽车半导体和远程信息处理行业的革命以来,特别是在过去的十年中,汽车电子正在不断发展。在汽车工业中,微电子技术的应用和电路的复杂性不断增加。电子技术的进步增加了电子在汽车市场的主导地位,在过去的许多年中,对汽车电子的可靠性要求也有所增长。然而,从大型汽车公司召回数量的比例来看,缺陷和缺陷率也在增加,这构成了一个难以理解和遏制的“悖论”。其中一个原因是,技术进步的增加使车辆系统更加复杂,难以测试其可靠性。同时,随着车载电子系统的不断发展,对温度、湿度等操作参数的要求也越来越严格。上市时间短,可靠性方法设计无效,包括对可靠性测试的各种误解,导致在提供满足日益增长的车辆可靠性要求的组件和系统方面存在滞后。因此,如果要继续使用先进的电子技术,就必须在可靠性理解和可靠性方法的系统设计方面作出更大的努力。本文讨论了机械汽车系统向电子汽车系统的转变及其对汽车工业的影响。通过对世界范围内汽车召回事件的研究,解释了技术效益无助于提高汽车电子系统可靠性的事实,并提出和解释了汽车电子系统可靠性的悖论。
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引用次数: 4
Maintenance concept optimization — A new approach to LORA 维护概念优化——LORA的新方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889740
M. Werme, T. Eriksson, Thord Righard
The traditional Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) concept was developed to provide decision support when choosing where, in a support organization structure, to perform repairs. The analysis determines at what level in a hierarchical support organization it will be most cost effective to repair each component in a technical system, considering the investment in maintenance resources, e.g. personnel and test equipment. The traditional LORA, however, does not consider the large impact the repair level decision has on the spares investment nor the strong dependency between different items for the system effectiveness. Furthermore, it cannot handle asymmetric organizations, i.e. organizations where the operation of systems differs a lot between bases not sharing the same supporting station. Since both technical systems and their support solutions are becoming more and more complex the requirements for decision support in this field has changed, and traditional LORA has become obsolete. In this paper a new approach to LORA and Maintenance Concept Optimization is presented. This approach is more relevant and up to date with current requirements and it is also a lot more powerful than the traditional item-by-item approach for LORA. The new approach offers a simultaneous optimization of maintenance locations, maintenance resources, spare parts and repair/discard decisions. The approach offers a fast and effective methodology for reaching cost-effective logistic support solutions with the objective of achieving high system effectiveness.
传统的维修水平分析(LORA)概念是为了在支持组织结构中选择维修地点时提供决策支持而开发的。考虑到在维护资源(如人员和测试设备)上的投资,分析决定了在分层支持组织的哪个级别上维修技术系统中的每个组件最具成本效益。然而,传统的LORA没有考虑维修水平决策对备件投资的巨大影响,也没有考虑不同项目之间对系统有效性的强依赖性。此外,它不能处理不对称组织,即在基地之间系统操作差异很大的组织,而不是共享同一个支持站。由于技术系统及其支持方案变得越来越复杂,该领域对决策支持的需求发生了变化,传统的LORA已经过时。本文提出了一种新的LORA和维修概念优化方法。这种方法更符合当前的需求,而且比传统的逐项LORA方法强大得多。新方法同时优化了维修地点、维修资源、备件和维修/丢弃决策。该方法提供了一种快速有效的方法,以达到具有成本效益的物流支持解决方案,目标是实现高系统效率。
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引用次数: 3
Combining fatigue analysis information into reliability analysis using Bayesian hierarchical modelling method 采用贝叶斯分层建模方法,将疲劳分析信息纳入可靠性分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889736
JenHao Wu, Adam Butler, M. Mueller, Kaswar Mostafa
A novel Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling framework combining fatigue analysis and reliability analysis is proposed and applied to predict time-to-failure distribution for a small wind turbine. Machine frame of the small wind turbine is studied in this paper. The result is a comparison of the quantified reliability predictions between the original and modified machine frame designs of the small wind turbine.
提出了一种结合疲劳分析和可靠性分析的贝叶斯分层建模框架,并将其应用于小型风力发电机组的失效时间分布预测。本文对小型风力发电机的机架结构进行了研究。结果是对小型风力发电机原机架设计和改进机架设计的量化可靠性预测进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Layered reliability modeling of smart home system 智能家居系统分层可靠性建模
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889680
Guilin Zhao, L. Xing
This paper models and evaluates reliability of a smart home system considering phased-mission, functional dependence and standby behavior in its physical layer, and probabilistic competing failure behavior with random propagated time in its communication layer. The proposed methodology encompasses a multi-valued decision diagram based method for the physical layer, and a combinatorial procedure based on total probability law for the communication layer. A detailed case study of an example smart home system is provided. The method is applicable to arbitrary types of component time-to-failure distributions.
本文考虑了智能家居系统物理层的分阶段任务、功能依赖和待机行为,以及通信层随机传播时间下的概率竞争失效行为,对智能家居系统的可靠性进行了建模和评估。所提出的方法包括物理层基于多值决策图的方法和通信层基于总概率律的组合过程。提供了示例智能家居系统的详细案例研究。该方法适用于任意类型的部件失效时间分布。
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引用次数: 1
Transient performance & availability modeling in high volume outpatient clinics 大容量门诊的瞬态性能和可用性建模
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889777
Rafael B. Fricks, Henry Tseng, M. Pajic, Kishor S. Trivedi
High volume outpatient clinics such as eye care centers cannot afford excessive delays, especially when due to limited resources, time, or overhead. Modeling tools from reliability & maintainability practice may provide the means to better assess where improvements may be possible. The models developed in this demonstration build on previous efforts to address challenges in quantifiable performance evaluation in health care. Discrete event simulation solutions of non-Markovian Stochastic Reward Nets provide insight into operations from data collected at an academic medical center. The produced model of patient flow at a glaucoma practice reflects clinic process flow diagrams and electronic health record data collected from January to March 2016. In this report we describe the parameterization process, as well as how the collected data and direct observation of a clinic influenced model formation. We then employ maximum likelihood estimation to fit the distribution of times spent at different treatment phases to parametric models, distinguishing between groups in data where appropriate. Combining data fitting in a Stochastic Reward Net, we solve the resulting non-Markovian model using discrete event simulation. The model is then simulated to predict transient high patient load periods experienced by the clinic. These interim results indicate that for the moderately sized clinic presented here, patient volume is manageable even with minimal resource support. Finally, future directions in clinic model validation and operations optimization are presented.
大量的门诊诊所,如眼科护理中心,不能承受过度的延误,特别是当资源、时间或费用有限时。来自可靠性和可维护性实践的建模工具可以提供更好地评估可能改进的地方的方法。本演示中开发的模型建立在先前解决医疗保健中可量化绩效评估挑战的努力的基础上。非马尔可夫随机奖励网的离散事件模拟解决方案提供了从学术医疗中心收集的数据中了解操作的洞察力。生成的青光眼诊所患者流程模型反映了2016年1月至3月收集的临床流程流程图和电子健康记录数据。在本报告中,我们描述了参数化过程,以及收集的数据和临床的直接观察如何影响模型的形成。然后,我们使用最大似然估计来拟合在不同处理阶段花费的时间分布到参数模型中,并在适当的情况下区分数据中的组。结合随机奖励网络中的数据拟合,我们使用离散事件模拟求解得到的非马尔可夫模型。然后对该模型进行模拟,以预测诊所经历的瞬态高患者负荷期。这些中期结果表明,对于中等规模的诊所,即使在最小的资源支持下,患者数量也是可控的。最后,提出了临床模型验证和操作优化的发展方向。
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引用次数: 2
Life evaluation methods based on laboratory and field degradation data 基于实验室和现场退化数据的寿命评估方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889741
Chao Peng, Xiaogang Li, Qingyang Yuan
Because of the field degradation data in the life evaluation of products, the method of carrying out accelerated degradation test to obtain data for the supplement of field degradation data has been widely used. In the current design of accelerated degradation test (ADT), the main issue is how to fully simulate the field working stress in laboratory in account of the limitation on hardware devices and financial factors. This will give rise to the evident deviation between predicted performance and field data, which may also lead to the waste of manpower, material and financial resources. Therefore, a life evaluation method which took the laboratory and field degradation data into consideration was proposed. In this method, both laboratory and field degradation data were collected and analyzed; the Bayesian statistical methodology was applied for the estimation and correction of the accelerated life model and the life distribution of products with the ADT data and field degradation data to get a more accurate life evaluation. At the end of the article, an example is given to illuminate the application and computational process of the method, as well as the analysis of the accuracy of evaluation method.
由于产品寿命评价中存在现场降解数据,因此通过进行加速降解试验获取数据的方法来补充现场降解数据得到了广泛的应用。在当前的加速退化试验(ADT)设计中,由于硬件设备和资金等因素的限制,如何在实验室中充分模拟现场工作应力是一个主要问题。这将导致预测性能与现场数据存在明显偏差,也可能导致人力、物力和财力的浪费。为此,提出了一种综合考虑实验室和现场退化数据的寿命评价方法。在该方法中,收集和分析了实验室和现场的退化数据;利用ADT数据和现场退化数据,应用贝叶斯统计方法对加速寿命模型和产品寿命分布进行估计和校正,得到更准确的寿命评价。文章最后通过实例说明了该方法的应用和计算过程,并对评价方法的准确性进行了分析。
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引用次数: 2
Detection of distinctions in car fleets based on measured and simulated data 基于测量和模拟数据的车队差异检测
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889775
M. Hinz, F. Hienzsch, S. Bracke
The main aim of this paper is the analysis of a fleet behavior and comparison of damaged and non-damaged vehicles using different machine learning algorithms to identify the main distinctions in a car fleet. For this purpose OBD (On Board Diagnostics) signals are recorded in three various car types (BMW X3, Peugeot 208, Seat Leon) and several hundred drives. Furthermore, thousands of drives are simulated based on the Discrete Fourier Transformation (DTF) and Monte Carlo simulation (MC) to provide a huge training data for the rule learning algorithms. The simulated data represents the car fleet with given (or assumed) testing conditions. For example it is assumed, that all the cars of the fleet don't exceed the maximum speed of 170 km/hour due to the specs of the product. All made assumptions are variable and can be changed after the analysis process. All signals (simulated and recorded) are analyzed in order to provide information about every single drive (e.g. out of the speed signal: max speed, max acceleration, duration of the drive are determined and stored in a data base).
本文的主要目的是分析车队行为,并使用不同的机器学习算法对受损和未受损车辆进行比较,以识别车队中的主要区别。为此,OBD(车载诊断)信号被记录在三种不同车型(宝马X3、标致208、西雅特莱昂)和数百辆汽车上。此外,基于离散傅里叶变换(DTF)和蒙特卡罗模拟(MC)对数千个驱动器进行了仿真,为规则学习算法提供了大量的训练数据。模拟数据表示具有给定(或假设)测试条件的车队。例如,假设由于产品规格的原因,车队中所有的汽车都没有超过170公里/小时的最高速度。所有的假设都是可变的,可以在分析过程后改变。所有信号(模拟和记录)进行分析,以提供有关每个驱动器的信息(例如,在速度信号中:最大速度,最大加速度,驱动器持续时间被确定并存储在数据库中)。
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引用次数: 4
In-situ MEMS inertial sensor health prognostic method based on micro vibrator 基于微振器的MEMS惯性传感器原位健康预测方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889667
Gang Dai, Yijia Du, Lifang Liu, Jian Zhang
In previous work, a four piezoelectric crab-leg suspensions micro vibratory stage, which could provide up to 280o/s transient angular rate, was used for in-situ self-calibration of generic MEMS gyroscopes [1]. In this paper, the prognostic of high-g response of generic MEMS accelerometers or acceleration switches is taking into consideration to improve the integrity of in-situ health prognostic method for MEMS inertial sensors. Firstly, the dynamic behavior of the mass-spring system under forced vibration is analyzed to acquire the equations between the micro vibrator's characteristics and the accelerometer's high-g response. Then, the parameters of the four crab-leg micro vibrator are calculated with the acquired relation equations and simulated to meet the prognostic requirement of both high-g and high angular rate responses. Finally, an experiment, using the commercial MEMS accelerometer AD22281 mounted on a z-axis vibrator, demonstrates up to 11g response of acceleration with the 250Hz vibration rate and 50μm vibration amplitude, and proves the feasibility of prognostic both high g and angular rate characteristics of generic MEMS inertial sensors with micro vibrator.
在之前的工作中,采用四压电蟹腿悬架微振动台,可提供高达2800o /s的瞬态角速率,用于通用MEMS陀螺仪的原位自校准[1]。本文考虑了通用MEMS加速度计或加速度开关的高g响应预测,以提高MEMS惯性传感器原位健康预测方法的完整性。首先,分析了质量-弹簧系统在强迫振动下的动力学行为,得到了微振器特性与加速度计高加速度响应之间的方程。然后,利用得到的关系方程计算了4种蟹腿微振器的参数,并进行了仿真,以满足高g和高角速率响应的预测要求。最后,利用安装在z轴振子上的商用MEMS加速度计AD22281进行了实验,在振动频率为250Hz、振动幅值为50μm的情况下,获得了高达11g的加速度响应,验证了通用MEMS惯性传感器采用微振子预测高g和角速率特性的可行性。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-discipline agile development and reliability and maintainability 多学科敏捷开发,可靠性和可维护性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1109/RAM.2017.7889675
Christopher C. Zanotti, Andrew J. Kaylor, Kristine Davidsen
In today's competitive market place the need to reduce cost and increase speed in development require exploring a different approach than the traditional waterfall method of hardware development. The Waterfall method consists of a series of stages that are completed sequentially, once a stage has been completed, developers can't go back to the previous stage — not without scratching the project and starting over. In order to remain competitive, companies developing hardware are using Agile methodologies to help keep up with the accelerating rate of change. Scrum is a simple and flexible Agile methodology that provides the ability to respond to changing requirements, increase productivity, and enables rapid and flexible development cycles, with greater collaboration and reduced costs & defects. Integrating a Reliability And Maintainability (RAM) Scrum Team as part of the Agile product development can help deliver reliable and maintainable hardware quicker, and at lower costs providing a competitive advantage. In summary help enable transformational change. Be open to process change and work your RAM agile process model. Don't impose current waterfall processes on Scrum, they will not help. Be supportive and review the team's work products during the Sprint timeline in which they are being developed. Don't expect to see a lot of charts for reviews and table tops and don't direct the team to do additional work or direct how it should be done. Look at the team Scrum boards to understand what is going on and help remove impediments. Staff the team's needs with permanent solutions and take Scrum training to understand, enable and support the changes. Finally don't see failing as bad, especially if we fail early and learn from it.
在当今竞争激烈的市场中,为了降低成本和提高开发速度,需要探索一种不同于传统的瀑布式硬件开发方法。瀑布方法由一系列按顺序完成的阶段组成,一旦一个阶段完成,开发人员就不能回到前一个阶段——除非重新开始。为了保持竞争力,开发硬件的公司正在使用敏捷方法来帮助跟上不断加快的变化速度。Scrum是一种简单而灵活的敏捷方法,它提供了响应不断变化的需求的能力,提高了生产力,并实现了快速而灵活的开发周期,具有更好的协作和更低的成本和缺陷。将可靠性和可维护性(RAM) Scrum团队作为敏捷产品开发的一部分,可以帮助更快地交付可靠和可维护的硬件,并以更低的成本提供竞争优势。总之,帮助实现转换变更。对流程变更持开放态度,并使用您的RAM敏捷流程模型。不要把当前的瀑布过程强加到Scrum上,它们不会有帮助。在Sprint时间线中支持并审查团队的工作产品。不要期望看到大量的评论图表和桌面,也不要指示团队做额外的工作或指示应该如何完成。查看团队Scrum板,了解正在发生的事情,并帮助消除障碍。为团队的需求提供永久性的解决方案,并接受Scrum培训来理解、启用和支持这些变化。最后,不要把失败看成坏事,尤其是如果我们早早失败并从中吸取教训。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2017 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)
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