International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis最新文献

Surgical procedures for breast cancer treatment are commonly followed by pain. Clinical hypnosis has been shown to be effective in reducing pain during and after surgery, but most of the studies have used analogical scales, which only measure pain intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinical hypnosis on pain intensity and its interference in daily activities in patients before and after mastectomy. The patients were evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory. Forty patients were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group and evaluated 5 times: 1) baseline, 2) after clinical hypnosis session, 3) before surgery, 4) 1 day after surgery, and 5) 1 week after the surgery (follow-up). The results showed that after surgery the hypnosis group had a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity, less interference of pain with daily activities, sleep and life enjoyment compared with a control group. Clinical hypnosis may be recommended as a complementary treatment procedure for postmastectomy pain reduction and improving the quality of life of these patients.

A novel, audio-based brief mindful hypnosis (BMH) intervention for reducing stress-reactivity during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was investigated. Fifty-five college-aged participants with elevated stress were randomized to BMH or a cognitive training (CT) active-control condition. Participants received a BMH or CT session and downloaded the audio-recorded intervention for daily home practice. Approximately 1 week later, participants received their second BMH or CT session and then completed the TSST. Results indicated BMH produced significant and medium effects in reducing stress reactivity and weekly stress and increasing mindfulness, with large increases in immediate relaxation compared to the CT active control. BMH demonstrated excellent adherence and was rated highly regarding satisfaction, ease of practice, perceived benefit, and likelihood of future use. This study provides the first empirical support that BMH is superior to an active-control intervention for reducing stress reactivity while significantly increasing mindfulness and relaxation.

Recent studies have suggested that mindfulness meditation and hypnosis are similar, but there is a lack of empirical data to support this claim. In this current study, college students were randomly assigned to a hypnosis or mindfulness meditation condition, and they were tested on the Waterloo Stanford Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form C. Results from this study suggest that, while under hypnotic induction and after engaging in mindfulness meditation, participants experienced similar results on the WSGC. That is, participants experienced the same bodily feelings and reactions regarding a standardized hypnotic suggestibility test.

This study aimed to measure the interoceptive accuracy (IA) of individuals with high (highs), medium (mediums), and low hypnotizability (lows) through the heartbeat-counting task during 3 relaxation trials. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), ECG and skin conductance (SC) were monitored, and the experienced difficulty in counting was reported. Results showed similar counting difficulty and number of actual heartbeats in highs, mediums, and lows. SC decreased in highs during all trials, in mediums and lows only in the third trial. IA measured as [1 - (ǀrecorded heartbeats-counted heartbeatsǀ)/recorded heartbeats] was negatively correlated with hypnotizability and not correlated with interoceptive sensitivity (IS) measured by MAIA scales. Among mediums, IA was higher in males than in females.

Mastocytosis is an orphan disease associated with many systemic symptoms, chronic handicap, and potentially marked social consequences despite improved therapies. In this study, the authors aimed to measure the effect of 2 hypnosis sessions on mastocytosis symptoms in a clinical setting. Questionnaires (pain, flushes, energy, digestive symptoms, quality of life, perceived symptom severity, and global impression of change) were completed pre- and posthypnosis intervention. Data from 20 patients were analyzed (mean age: 53.3 years, 75% female). Compared to baseline assessment, patients exhibited a significant improvement immediately after the first and second hypnosis sessions with regard to the number of days with abdominal pain, abdominal pain intensity and fatigue (p = .03 and p = .005; p = .05 and p = .02; p = .034, and p = .039, respectively). Perceived severity of symptoms was significantly improved throughout the study (p = .0075). Long-term improvement in global impression of change was observed in half the responders (8/16). Patients with mastocytosis had an improvement in disabling symptoms with the impact of hypnotic intervention persisting at 1 month. Several patients experienced long-term improvement.

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a 4-week hypnosis audio-recording intervention in cancer survivors with chronic pain. Forty participants were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 21) or wait-list (n = 19) conditions. Pain intensity ratings were lower at Week 4 for both groups. The effect size for pain reduction in the treatment group was d = 0.25 from baseline to 4 weeks, and the interaction effect (Time x Group) was F = .024; η²_p = .001. The small interaction effect may be due to the availability of only one recording and large variability in dose. Qualitative data indicated that the intervention's benefits included participation in self-care, improved relaxation, and an opportunity to focus on oneself in a positive way. Further efficacy testing of an audio-recording intervention in a fully powered clinical trial is warranted.

Stomatodynia is an oral dysesthesia with a psychosomatic component. Twelve consecutive patients with stomatodynia were offered hypnosis sessions. Measures of anxiety, depression, and pain were administered before the first and after the last hypnosis session. Pain severity was assessed with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were collected retrospectively from medical records on the 12 patients. The difference between NRS pain ratings and HADS scores before and after hypnosis was significant (p < .05). Six patients reported receiving treatment for stomatodynia before hypnotherapy; 3 of them stopped treatment for stomatodynia before completion of the hypnosis intervention. Results provide support for potential positive effects of hypnosis intervention for stomatodynia and point to the need for additional research on this issue.

This is the first comprehensive meta-analysis in approximately 20 years of all controlled studies of the use of hypnosis for relieving clinical pain. To be included, studies were required to utilize a between-subjects or mixed model design in which a hypnosis intervention was compared with a control condition in alleviating any form of clinical pain. Of 523 records screened, 42 studies incorporating 45 trials of hypnosis met the inclusion criteria. Our most conservative estimates of the impact of hypnosis on pain yielded mean weighted effect sizes of 0.60 (p ≤ .001) for 40 post trials and 0.61 (p ≤ .001) for 9 follow-up trials. These effect sizes fall in the medium range according to Cohen's guideline and suggest the average participant receiving hypnosis reduced pain more than about 73% of control participants. Hypnosis was moderated by the overall methodological quality of trials-the mean weighted effect size of the 19 post trials without high risk ratings on any of the Cochrane Risk of Bias dimensions was 0.77 (p ≤ .001). Hypnosis was also moderated by hypnotic suggestibility, with 6 post trials producing a mean weighted effect size of r = 0.53 (p ≤ .001). Our findings strengthen the assertion that hypnosis is a very efficacious intervention for alleviating clinical pain.

Sleep disturbances are a pervasive problem among postmenopausal women, with an estimated 40 to 64% reporting poor sleep. Hypnosis is a promising intervention for sleep disturbances. This study examined optimal dose and delivery for a manualized hypnosis intervention to improve sleep. Ninety postmenopausal women with poor sleep were randomized to 1 of 4 interventions: 5 in-person, 3 in-person, 5 phone, or 3 phone contacts. All received hypnosis audio recordings, with instructions for daily practice for 5 weeks. Feasibility measures included treatment satisfaction ratings and practice adherence. Sleep outcomes were sleep quality, objective and subjective duration, and bothersomeness of poor sleep. Results showed high treatment satisfaction, adherence, and clinically meaningful (≥ 0.5 SD) sleep improvement for all groups. Sleep quality significantly improved, p < .05, η2 = .70, with no significant differences between groups, with similar results for the other sleep outcomes across all treatment arms. Comparable results between phone and in-person groups suggest that a unique "dose" and delivery strategy is highly feasible and can have clinically meaningful impact. This study provides pilot evidence that an innovative hypnosis intervention for sleep (5 phone contacts with home practice) reduces the burden on participants while achieving maximum treatment benefit.