Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20240902.12
M. Maladkar, Ashok Yadav, Namita Anchan
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an ongoing, chronic and multifactorial condition frequently necessitates multiple anti-hyperglycemic medications for optimal glycemic control. Diabetes rarely occurs in isolation, commonly coexisting with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney dysfunction. Shared risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices, contribute to the convergence of these health conditions. The interplay between obesity and insulin resistance (IR), a precursor to diabetes, amplifies cardiovascular risks through shared pathological pathways. Addressing this complex interrelation necessitates a holistic approach involving early detection, lifestyle modifications, and comprehensive management to navigate the intricate web of interrelated ailments. Clinical guidelines advocate early adoption of combination therapy. Combining two different therapeutic classes is a promising theoretical strategy for achieving safe and optimum glycemic regulation. Recent research trials combining dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) confirm their safety and clinical efficacy and consequently, this combination emerges as an appealing therapy for T2DM patients, offering a favorable safety profile and positive clinical effects in terms of weight management and cardiorenal protection. This review highlights the utilization of Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in diabetes management, underscoring their necessity, pleiotropic advantages, and the importance of an individualized, patient-centric approach for optimal outcomes.
{"title":"Patient-Driven Solutions: Integrating Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in Diabetes Management","authors":"M. Maladkar, Ashok Yadav, Namita Anchan","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20240902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20240902.12","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an ongoing, chronic and multifactorial condition frequently necessitates multiple anti-hyperglycemic medications for optimal glycemic control. Diabetes rarely occurs in isolation, commonly coexisting with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney dysfunction. Shared risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices, contribute to the convergence of these health conditions. The interplay between obesity and insulin resistance (IR), a precursor to diabetes, amplifies cardiovascular risks through shared pathological pathways. Addressing this complex interrelation necessitates a holistic approach involving early detection, lifestyle modifications, and comprehensive management to navigate the intricate web of interrelated ailments. Clinical guidelines advocate early adoption of combination therapy. Combining two different therapeutic classes is a promising theoretical strategy for achieving safe and optimum glycemic regulation. Recent research trials combining dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) confirm their safety and clinical efficacy and consequently, this combination emerges as an appealing therapy for T2DM patients, offering a favorable safety profile and positive clinical effects in terms of weight management and cardiorenal protection. This review highlights the utilization of Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in diabetes management, underscoring their necessity, pleiotropic advantages, and the importance of an individualized, patient-centric approach for optimal outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.12
Wissame Debbah, M. Mezoued, Aicha Bouzid, Randa Talhi, Khadidja Bessaid, M. Azzouz
Introduction: Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a known cause of secondary osteoporosis, characterized by a loss of bone mass and density. Cushing's osteopathy is one of it’s most severe complications. Abnormal bone turnover, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased fracture risk are common effects of glucocorticoid excess. Objectives: The aim of our work is to determine the bone densitometric profile of patients followed for Cushing's disease, to define the characteristics of osteoporosis and osteopenia in these patients, and to analyze the factors influencing BMD. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study involving patients followed for Cushing's disease in the endocrinology-diabetology department of the public hospital establishment (EPH) of Bologhine-Algiers, during a period of 10 years, going from the January 2013 to January 2023. Results: 58 patients were followed during this period with an average age was 34 years, with a clear female predominance and a sex ratio of ≈ 4. Average Z score was (-1.6) at the vertebral level and (-1.09) at the femoral level. Osteoporosis was found in 44.8% (n = 26) patients and osteopenia in 37.9% (n = 22), while normal BMD was found in 17.24% (n = 10). Note that Z-score values were significantly lower at the lumbar spine than at the femoral neck. No significant difference in BMD was found between eumenorrheic and hypo-/amenorrheic females with Cushing's disease. Our study demonstrated a significant negative correlation between morning plasma cortisol and BMD. While there is a significant positive correlation between BMD and ACTH concentration in CD patients, BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck also had a significant positive correlation with weight and BMI. Conclusion: Early detection and management of CS are essential to reduce bone complications. BMD examinations should be performed to enable rapid recognition and intervention for osteoporosis. Lumbar bone loss occurs earlier and more extensively.
{"title":"The Severity of Bone Loss in Cushing’s Diseases","authors":"Wissame Debbah, M. Mezoued, Aicha Bouzid, Randa Talhi, Khadidja Bessaid, M. Azzouz","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.12","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Introduction: </i>Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a known cause of secondary osteoporosis, characterized by a loss of bone mass and density. Cushing's osteopathy is one of it’s most severe complications. Abnormal bone turnover, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased fracture risk are common effects of glucocorticoid excess. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of our work is to determine the bone densitometric profile of patients followed for Cushing's disease, to define the characteristics of osteoporosis and osteopenia in these patients, and to analyze the factors influencing BMD. <i>Materials and methods: </i>This is a retrospective descriptive study involving patients followed for Cushing's disease in the endocrinology-diabetology department of the public hospital establishment (EPH) of Bologhine-Algiers, during a period of 10 years, going from the January 2013 to January 2023. <i>Results: </i>58 patients were followed during this period with an average age was 34 years, with a clear female predominance and a sex ratio of ≈ 4. Average Z score was (-1.6) at the vertebral level and (-1.09) at the femoral level. Osteoporosis was found in 44.8% (n = 26) patients and osteopenia in 37.9% (n = 22), while normal BMD was found in 17.24% (n = 10). Note that Z-score values were significantly lower at the lumbar spine than at the femoral neck. No significant difference in BMD was found between eumenorrheic and hypo-/amenorrheic females with Cushing's disease. Our study demonstrated a significant negative correlation between morning plasma cortisol and BMD. While there is a significant positive correlation between BMD and ACTH concentration in CD patients, BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck also had a significant positive correlation with weight and BMI. <i>Conclusion:</i> Early detection and management of CS are essential to reduce bone complications. BMD examinations should be performed to enable rapid recognition and intervention for osteoporosis. Lumbar bone loss occurs earlier and more extensively.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"93 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.11
Didier Beyssiri, F. Dongmo, I. D. Soudy, Alcherif Hamid Mahamat, Kidjama Ngo Ngimout, S. S. Dongmo, F. T. Fohouo
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In Cameroon, the traditional treatment of this pathology is based on the use of Propolis. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis (Adamawa Region, Cameroon). To confirm the different properties of this extract, the glycaemia, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of different groups of animals were assessed in a type 2 diabetes model induced by the Hypercaloric Sucrose Diet combined with dexamethasone. Simultaneous administration of the ethanolic extract of Meiganga propolis (EEMP 300 mg/kg) and the hypercaloric sucrose diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in fasting blood glucose levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group, whose fasting blood glucose levels were 78.25 ± 2.29 and 156.5 ± 2.75 mg/dL respectively on day 30. In terms of lipid profile, the administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) prevented a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with animals in the diabetic control groups. The values were 27±2.71 mg/dL and 97.8±2.92 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol. In terms of oxidative stress, simultaneous administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) and a high calorie diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group. Values for this superoxide dismutase in the liver were 81.72 U/g of organ for EEMP 300 mg/kg and 58.6 U/g of organ in the liver of diabetic rats. These results justify the use of ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Cameroon.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis from Meiganga (Cameroon) on Type 2 Diabetes in Rats","authors":"Didier Beyssiri, F. Dongmo, I. D. Soudy, Alcherif Hamid Mahamat, Kidjama Ngo Ngimout, S. S. Dongmo, F. T. Fohouo","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20240901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In Cameroon, the traditional treatment of this pathology is based on the use of Propolis. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of the ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis (Adamawa Region, Cameroon). To confirm the different properties of this extract, the glycaemia, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters of different groups of animals were assessed in a type 2 diabetes model induced by the Hypercaloric Sucrose Diet combined with dexamethasone. Simultaneous administration of the ethanolic extract of Meiganga propolis (EEMP 300 mg/kg) and the hypercaloric sucrose diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in fasting blood glucose levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group, whose fasting blood glucose levels were 78.25 ± 2.29 and 156.5 ± 2.75 mg/dL respectively on day 30. In terms of lipid profile, the administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) prevented a significant increase in LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with animals in the diabetic control groups. The values were 27±2.71 mg/dL and 97.8±2.92 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol. In terms of oxidative stress, simultaneous administration of propolis extract (300 mg/kg) and a high calorie diet to rats for 30 days prevented a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels compared with animals in the diabetic control group. Values for this superoxide dismutase in the liver were 81.72 U/g of organ for EEMP 300 mg/kg and 58.6 U/g of organ in the liver of diabetic rats. These results justify the use of ethanoic extract of Meiganga propolis in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.13
Wei Qing, Jiquan Zhang, Fan Xu, Zhaohua Zou, Xingying Xu, Hong Xiong
{"title":"Effect of Health Education Based on Transtheoretical Model on Frailty and Self-Management in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"Wei Qing, Jiquan Zhang, Fan Xu, Zhaohua Zou, Xingying Xu, Hong Xiong","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis
{"title":"Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia<br /> <div> <br /> </div>","authors":"Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-08DOI: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230802.11
A. Ammar, Kahkashan Bashir, Sadaf Batool, A. Saeed
{"title":"Appearance of Thyroid Gland on Bone Scan, Case of Euthyroid Sick Syndrome","authors":"A. Ammar, Kahkashan Bashir, Sadaf Batool, A. Saeed","doi":"10.11648/j.ijde.20230802.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230802.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"83 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80072421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sida Ghislaine Biwole, Boli Anne Ongmeb, Etoga Martine Claude Etoa, Charly Feutseu, Y. M. Dehayem, Mekobe Francine Mendane, Samba Esther Mbono, A. Essomba, Manga Jean Arnaud Ndi, M. V. Ama, E. Sobngwi, J. Mbanya
The relationship between adrenal insufficiency and the HIV infection have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the adrenal cortex function according to the stage of infection in a group of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 60 consenting subjects consisted of 20 healthy controls and 40 HIV-infected patients divided equally into 4 groups according to the stage of the infection. Plasma cortisol levels were measured at baseline and after synacthen stimulation by ELISA test. Basal and post-synacthen cortisol levels were comparable between healthy controls and HIV infected patients. Overall, the majority of HIV-infected subjects and healthy controls had normal cortisol levels at baseline. Only 5% of the HIV-infected patients in stage 4 had absolute adrenal insufficiency. The majority of HIV-infected subjects and healthy controls doubled their cortisol levels after synacthen stimulation. They were considered as having normal adrenal function. Adrenal function seems to be preserved in the majority of HIV-infected patients. However, patients at the late stage of the disease could have an impairment of adrenal function and therefore should be placed on cortisol supplementation.
{"title":"Assessment of adrenal cortex function in a group of HIV infected patients in sub-Saharan-Africa","authors":"Sida Ghislaine Biwole, Boli Anne Ongmeb, Etoga Martine Claude Etoa, Charly Feutseu, Y. M. Dehayem, Mekobe Francine Mendane, Samba Esther Mbono, A. Essomba, Manga Jean Arnaud Ndi, M. V. Ama, E. Sobngwi, J. Mbanya","doi":"10.5897/jde2023.0153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jde2023.0153","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between adrenal insufficiency and the HIV infection have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the adrenal cortex function according to the stage of infection in a group of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 60 consenting subjects consisted of 20 healthy controls and 40 HIV-infected patients divided equally into 4 groups according to the stage of the infection. Plasma cortisol levels were measured at baseline and after synacthen stimulation by ELISA test. Basal and post-synacthen cortisol levels were comparable between healthy controls and HIV infected patients. Overall, the majority of HIV-infected subjects and healthy controls had normal cortisol levels at baseline. Only 5% of the HIV-infected patients in stage 4 had absolute adrenal insufficiency. The majority of HIV-infected subjects and healthy controls doubled their cortisol levels after synacthen stimulation. They were considered as having normal adrenal function. Adrenal function seems to be preserved in the majority of HIV-infected patients. However, patients at the late stage of the disease could have an impairment of adrenal function and therefore should be placed on cortisol supplementation.","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80341030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Improvement by EquMet in patient with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and poor compliance of diet therapy","authors":"","doi":"10.36266/ijed/150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36266/ijed/150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13900,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82526927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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