An attempt has been made to develop and optimize an novel anti hypertensive trilayered controlled release matrix tablets incorporated with Olmesartan medoxomil solid dispersion prepared by direct compression and consisted of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), guar gum, ethyl cellulose. Upper and lower layers are prepared with Carnauba wax, guar gum and sodium CMC. The developed drug delivery system provided prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. The release profile of the optimized formulation (HF14) was described by the Zero-order and Higuchi model. In-vivo bioavailability studies were carried out with the optimized formulation (HF14) and reference standard A fair correlation between the dissolution profile and bioavailability for the optimized formulation was observed. The results indicate that the approach used could lead to a successful development of a trilayer extended release formulation up to 24h. These results also demonstrated that the Olmesartan solid dispersion incorporated trilayer tablets shown more bioavailability because of its conversion from crystalline to amorphous form.
{"title":"Formulation And In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation Of Olmesartan Medoxomil Solid Dispersions Incorporated E/R Trilayer Matrix Tablets By Geomatrix","authors":"M. Balakrishnaiah, V. Gupta","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1948","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt has been made to develop and optimize an novel anti hypertensive trilayered controlled release matrix tablets incorporated with Olmesartan medoxomil solid dispersion prepared by direct compression and consisted of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), guar gum, ethyl cellulose. Upper and lower layers are prepared with Carnauba wax, guar gum and sodium CMC. The developed drug delivery system provided prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. The release profile of the optimized formulation (HF14) was described by the Zero-order and Higuchi model. In-vivo bioavailability studies were carried out with the optimized formulation (HF14) and reference standard A fair correlation between the dissolution profile and bioavailability for the optimized formulation was observed. The results indicate that the approach used could lead to a successful development of a trilayer extended release formulation up to 24h. These results also demonstrated that the Olmesartan solid dispersion incorporated trilayer tablets shown more bioavailability because of its conversion from crystalline to amorphous form.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87221854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we are sketching the chemical structure of suppressor drug for autism spectrum disorder using a computational tool. Here we are designing three molecular compounds like Fluoxetine, Risperidone, Melatonin. Structuring the suppressors, sketching the aromatization and bonding of the functional groups with the elements like Oxygen, Nitrogen, halogens. In our work we are using computational algorithm for drawing the structure of suppressor drug. In this paper we are mentioning the autism spectrum suppressor’s molecular formula as well as structural formula.
{"title":"Structural designing of suppressors for autisms spectrum diseases using molecular dynamics sketch","authors":"Bipin Nair, V. Bhaskaran, K. Arunjit","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1973","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we are sketching the chemical structure of suppressor drug for autism spectrum disorder using a computational tool. Here we are designing three molecular compounds like Fluoxetine, Risperidone, Melatonin. Structuring the suppressors, sketching the aromatization and bonding of the functional groups with the elements like Oxygen, Nitrogen, halogens. In our work we are using computational algorithm for drawing the structure of suppressor drug. In this paper we are mentioning the autism spectrum suppressor’s molecular formula as well as structural formula.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82022112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors related to their anatomical and pathophysiological differences from normal tissues. In solid tumors, angiogenesis leads to high vascular density. Large gaps exist between endothelial cells in tumor blood vessels, which lead to selective extravasations and retention of macromolecular drugs. This EPR effect served as a basis for development of macromolecular anticancer therapy. There are various factors, which lead to a significantly increased EPR effect and enhanced antitumor drug effects as well. This review discusses the unique anatomy of tumor vessels, molecular mechanisms of factors related to the EPR effect and the role of the EPR effect in the intratumoral delivery of protein and peptide drugs, macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded long-circulating nanocarriers.
{"title":"EPR effect based nanocarriers targeting for treatment of cancer","authors":"K. R. Gajbhiye, J. Gajbhiye","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1974","url":null,"abstract":"The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors related to their anatomical and pathophysiological differences from normal tissues. In solid tumors, angiogenesis leads to high vascular density. Large gaps exist between endothelial cells in tumor blood vessels, which lead to selective extravasations and retention of macromolecular drugs. This EPR effect served as a basis for development of macromolecular anticancer therapy. There are various factors, which lead to a significantly increased EPR effect and enhanced antitumor drug effects as well. This review discusses the unique anatomy of tumor vessels, molecular mechanisms of factors related to the EPR effect and the role of the EPR effect in the intratumoral delivery of protein and peptide drugs, macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded long-circulating nanocarriers.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90393504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Nimorazole and Ofloxacin from tablet dosage form. Method І involves formation of ‘simultaneous equations’ at 304 nm (λ max of Nimorazole) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin); while Method ІІ involves, formation of ‘Absorbance ratio equation’ at 301(isoabsorptive point) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin) using distilled water as a solvent. The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5 - 25 μg/ml for Nimorazole and 2 - 10 μg/ml for Ofloxacin. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies and were found satisfactory.
{"title":"Development and validation of analytical methods for the simultaneous estimation of Nimorazole and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form","authors":"A. Ghugare, L. Devhare, B. Hatwar","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1792","url":null,"abstract":"Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Nimorazole and Ofloxacin from tablet dosage form. Method І involves formation of ‘simultaneous equations’ at 304 nm (λ max of Nimorazole) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin); while Method ІІ involves, formation of ‘Absorbance ratio equation’ at 301(isoabsorptive point) and 287.5 nm (λ max of Ofloxacin) using distilled water as a solvent. The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5 - 25 μg/ml for Nimorazole and 2 - 10 μg/ml for Ofloxacin. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies and were found satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78762623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Thakkar, R. Dhankecha, M. Gohel, P. Shah, T. Pandya, T. Gandhi
The aim of present study was to enhance solubility of poorly soluble antimalarial drugs, Artemisinin and Curcumin by adopting Co-solvency approach and to develop parenteral aqueous injectable solution. Solubility enhancement of both drugs was achieved using co-solvency approach. The parenteral injection was prepared by using a ternary co-solvent system which comprised of benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 (as surfactant). Solubility of Artemisinin and Curcumin was found to be higher in benzyl alcohol and PEG 400. Co-solvent system comprising of benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 in volume fraction of 0.3, 0.9 and 0.2 respectively showed the minimum required solubility of Artemisinin (90 mg per ml) and Curcumin (180 mg per ml). The parenteral injectable formulation was characterized for pH, clarity, viscosity, osmolarity and sterility and the stated parameters were found in acceptable range. In-vitro erythrocyte toxicity study showed that intravenous administration of optimized formulation will be safe. In-vitro antimalarial assay indicated that efficacy of artemisinin and curcumin parenteral formulation was greater than quinine and combination of Artemether and Lumefantrine. Stability study of the optimized batch showed no change in physical and chemical characteristics. Based on study, one can conclude that Artemisinin and Curcumin can be successfully formulated as parenteral injectable formulation by co-solvency approach for the effective treatment of malarial infection
{"title":"Enhancement of Solubility of Artemisinin and Curcumin by Co-Solvency Approach for Application in Parenteral Drug Delivery System","authors":"V. Thakkar, R. Dhankecha, M. Gohel, P. Shah, T. Pandya, T. Gandhi","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1868","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of present study was to enhance solubility of poorly soluble antimalarial drugs, Artemisinin and Curcumin by adopting Co-solvency approach and to develop parenteral aqueous injectable solution. Solubility enhancement of both drugs was achieved using co-solvency approach. The parenteral injection was prepared by using a ternary co-solvent system which comprised of benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 (as surfactant). Solubility of Artemisinin and Curcumin was found to be higher in benzyl alcohol and PEG 400. Co-solvent system comprising of benzyl alcohol, PEG 400 and tween 80 in volume fraction of 0.3, 0.9 and 0.2 respectively showed the minimum required solubility of Artemisinin (90 mg per ml) and Curcumin (180 mg per ml). The parenteral injectable formulation was characterized for pH, clarity, viscosity, osmolarity and sterility and the stated parameters were found in acceptable range. In-vitro erythrocyte toxicity study showed that intravenous administration of optimized formulation will be safe. In-vitro antimalarial assay indicated that efficacy of artemisinin and curcumin parenteral formulation was greater than quinine and combination of Artemether and Lumefantrine. Stability study of the optimized batch showed no change in physical and chemical characteristics. Based on study, one can conclude that Artemisinin and Curcumin can be successfully formulated as parenteral injectable formulation by co-solvency approach for the effective treatment of malarial infection","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82128641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigation of in vitro/in vivo behaviour of extended release tablets containing solid dispersions of Atorvastatin is the focus of the present research work. Atorvastatin trilayer matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method and consisted of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose and Carbopol 934P. Barrier layers are prepared with hydrophobic polymers carnauba wax and xanthan gum. Based on the evaluation parameters, drug dissolution profile and release order kinetics HF16 was found to be optimized formulation. The developed drug delivery system provided prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. The release profile of the optimized formulation (HF16) was described by the Zero-order and best fitted to Higuchi model. FTIR confirmed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulation. . In vivo bioavailability studies were conducted for optimized formulation HF16 and reference standard. The optimized formulation of Atorvastatin trilayer matrix tablet was shown significant plasma concentration with extended release and maintained for 24 hrs with patient compliance by reducing the dosage frequency, when compared with reference standard.
{"title":"In Vitro - In Vivo Evaluation Of E/R Trilayer Matrix Tablets Containing Solid Dispersion Of Atorvastatin","authors":"A. Thirupathaiah, R. Sunder","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1947","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of in vitro/in vivo behaviour of extended release tablets containing solid dispersions of Atorvastatin is the focus of the present research work. Atorvastatin trilayer matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression method and consisted of middle active layer with different grades of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), ethyl cellulose and Carbopol 934P. Barrier layers are prepared with hydrophobic polymers carnauba wax and xanthan gum. Based on the evaluation parameters, drug dissolution profile and release order kinetics HF16 was found to be optimized formulation. The developed drug delivery system provided prolonged drug release rates over a period of 24 h. The release profile of the optimized formulation (HF16) was described by the Zero-order and best fitted to Higuchi model. FTIR confirmed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and excipients used in the formulation. . In vivo bioavailability studies were conducted for optimized formulation HF16 and reference standard. The optimized formulation of Atorvastatin trilayer matrix tablet was shown significant plasma concentration with extended release and maintained for 24 hrs with patient compliance by reducing the dosage frequency, when compared with reference standard.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82353541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raja Ratna Reddy Yakkanti, P. C. Sekhar, K. Reddy, S. Ramamoorthy, S. Suresh, T. Lakshmi, M. Rajesh, C. Reddy
D-Limonene is a dietary monoterpene with significant anticancer activity against many cancer types in preclinical and clinical studies. The study is designed to investigate synergistic anticancer effects of limonene and BEZ235 combination in COLO-320 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Cells were treated with both the drugs alone and in combination and the effects on cell viability; cell migration and clonogenic potential were examined. Results show that both drugs exhibited dose and time dependant cytotoxicity on the cell lines tested. CompuSyn analysis of the drug combination effects revealed the strong synergistic interaction of the combination. Our results also indicate that COLO-320 cells were more sensitive for anticancer effects of the drugs than HCT-116 cells. The presence of Ras and PI3K mutations in HCT-116 cells could possibly be one of the main reasons for the observed outcome as compared to the wild type expressions of them in COLO-320 cells.
d -柠檬烯是一种膳食单萜，在临床前和临床研究中对多种癌症具有显著的抗癌活性。本研究旨在探讨柠檬烯和BEZ235联合使用对COLO-320和HCT-116结肠癌细胞的协同抗癌作用。观察单药和联合用药对细胞活力的影响;检测细胞迁移和克隆潜能。结果表明，两种药物均表现出剂量和时间依赖性的细胞毒性。药物联合效应的CompuSyn分析显示该组合具有较强的协同作用。结果还表明，COLO-320细胞对药物的抗癌作用比HCT-116细胞更敏感。与COLO-320细胞中的野生型表达相比，HCT-116细胞中Ras和PI3K突变的存在可能是观察到结果的主要原因之一。
{"title":"Limonene and BEZ 235 inhibits growth of COLO-320 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells","authors":"Raja Ratna Reddy Yakkanti, P. C. Sekhar, K. Reddy, S. Ramamoorthy, S. Suresh, T. Lakshmi, M. Rajesh, C. Reddy","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1919","url":null,"abstract":"D-Limonene is a dietary monoterpene with significant anticancer activity against many cancer types in preclinical and clinical studies. The study is designed to investigate synergistic anticancer effects of limonene and BEZ235 combination in COLO-320 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Cells were treated with both the drugs alone and in combination and the effects on cell viability; cell migration and clonogenic potential were examined. Results show that both drugs exhibited dose and time dependant cytotoxicity on the cell lines tested. CompuSyn analysis of the drug combination effects revealed the strong synergistic interaction of the combination. Our results also indicate that COLO-320 cells were more sensitive for anticancer effects of the drugs than HCT-116 cells. The presence of Ras and PI3K mutations in HCT-116 cells could possibly be one of the main reasons for the observed outcome as compared to the wild type expressions of them in COLO-320 cells.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81813817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work assesses the stability and quality of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets after subjection to accelerated stability conditions of sunlight, temperature of 40±1 0 C, 75% relative humidity, and UV light of 365 nm for 4 hours each day. This study was performed at time zero and at 4-day intervals for a period of 45 days (that is, days 0, 4, 8, 12…40, 44) according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) accelerated aging conditions and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that with increasing time there was a gradual reduction in the dissolution rate with the tablets exposed to all four storage conditions failing the test on day 44 where they had less than 80 % release of the label claim. For content of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, only those tablets exposed to UV light passed the test for all 44 days as they had a minimum of 96.83 % content on the 44 th day. At day 0, all the tablets assayed passed this test, having a ciprofloxacin content of 99.43 %. For those tablets subjected to the other storage conditions including temperature of 40±1 0 C, 75 % relative humidity and sunlight, they had ciprofloxacin content of 70.22 %, 71.50 %, and 78.36 % respectively. The results further, indicated that the storage conditions used in the study had a greater impact on the dissolution behavior and content of the Ciprofloxacin tablets than they did on the physical stability (hardness, uniformity of weight, disintegration).
{"title":"Effect of Sunlight, Moisture, Temperature and Ultraviolet Radiation on the Quality Control Parameters of Ciprofloxacin Tablet Formulation","authors":"K. M. Ezealisiji, Angenlina Pepple, C. Stanley","doi":"10.5138/09750215.1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/09750215.1928","url":null,"abstract":"This work assesses the stability and quality of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets after subjection to accelerated stability conditions of sunlight, temperature of 40±1 0 C, 75% relative humidity, and UV light of 365 nm for 4 hours each day. This study was performed at time zero and at 4-day intervals for a period of 45 days (that is, days 0, 4, 8, 12…40, 44) according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) accelerated aging conditions and the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that with increasing time there was a gradual reduction in the dissolution rate with the tablets exposed to all four storage conditions failing the test on day 44 where they had less than 80 % release of the label claim. For content of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride, only those tablets exposed to UV light passed the test for all 44 days as they had a minimum of 96.83 % content on the 44 th day. At day 0, all the tablets assayed passed this test, having a ciprofloxacin content of 99.43 %. For those tablets subjected to the other storage conditions including temperature of 40±1 0 C, 75 % relative humidity and sunlight, they had ciprofloxacin content of 70.22 %, 71.50 %, and 78.36 % respectively. The results further, indicated that the storage conditions used in the study had a greater impact on the dissolution behavior and content of the Ciprofloxacin tablets than they did on the physical stability (hardness, uniformity of weight, disintegration).","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1289-6_13
Vladyslava Doktor, Christine M. Lee, H. Maibach
{"title":"Deep Percutaneous Penetration into Muscles and Joints: Update","authors":"Vladyslava Doktor, Christine M. Lee, H. Maibach","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-1289-6_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1289-6_13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84701607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Berardino, A. Cesarani, Agostina Moles, O. Brenna
Background. The dose available at the mouth from a pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) cannot stay the same if it is used with a valved holding chamber (VHC). A different aerosol drug delivery system is created when the pMDI is used with the VHC and therefore the dose delivered to the patients is no longer that released from the pMDI alone, but the one emitted by the new system. This study aims to verify the emitted dose of five pMDI drugs when used with a VHC. Methods. The emitted dose was expressed as the amount of drug within the respirable fraction available at the end of the VHC, i.e. the drug output (measured by high performance liquid chromatography) multiplied by the percentage of FDF determined using a laser diffraction analyser. Results. the emitted doses were drastically reduced in comparison with the nominal doses (Beclomethasone from 250 to 90.5 µg, Budesonide from 200 to 100 µg, Ciclesonide from 160 to 102 µg Fluticasone from 250 to 116 µg, Salbutamol from 100 to 54 µg). Conclusions. When pMDIs are employed with a VHC, the emitted dose drastically changes; it is more or less halved. In order to facilitate prescription by the physician, both the nominal and the emitted doses should be reported in the VHC package.
{"title":"The emitted dose of drug from a valved holding chamber using five pressurized metered dose inhalers","authors":"F. Berardino, A. Cesarani, Agostina Moles, O. Brenna","doi":"10.5138/IJDD.V4I3.745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5138/IJDD.V4I3.745","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The dose available at the mouth from a pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) cannot stay the same if it is used with a valved holding chamber (VHC). A different aerosol drug delivery system is created when the pMDI is used with the VHC and therefore the dose delivered to the patients is no longer that released from the pMDI alone, but the one emitted by the new system. This study aims to verify the emitted dose of five pMDI drugs when used with a VHC. Methods. The emitted dose was expressed as the amount of drug within the respirable fraction available at the end of the VHC, i.e. the drug output (measured by high performance liquid chromatography) multiplied by the percentage of FDF determined using a laser diffraction analyser. Results. the emitted doses were drastically reduced in comparison with the nominal doses (Beclomethasone from 250 to 90.5 µg, Budesonide from 200 to 100 µg, Ciclesonide from 160 to 102 µg Fluticasone from 250 to 116 µg, Salbutamol from 100 to 54 µg). Conclusions. When pMDIs are employed with a VHC, the emitted dose drastically changes; it is more or less halved. In order to facilitate prescription by the physician, both the nominal and the emitted doses should be reported in the VHC package.","PeriodicalId":13912,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81124368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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