Akuro Blaise Mbaku, Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri, Wilson Agwanande Ambindei, Ngwa Martin Ngwabie, Martin Benoit Ngassoum
Applications of pectin in the food industry are strongly influenced by their source, structures, and extraction methods, which affect their functionalities. This research aims to extract and assess pectin’s physicochemical and functional properties from waste biomass peels of Aframomum angustifolium as an alternate source using acid (AAE) and microwave extraction (MAE) methods. Pectin extracted from A. angustifolium was compared based on yield, color, moisture, equivalent weight, methoxyl content (MC), and degree of esterification (DegE). Response surface experimental design was used to study the effect of the extraction process pectin such as the yield and the DegE. MAE had a significantly higher % yield of 4.74 ± 0.1% and a lower equivalent weight of 852.49 ± 16.59 mg/ml than AAE with 3.09 ± 0.03% and 882.1 ± 9.04 mg/ml, respectively, with light brown color. The lower moisture contents of 6.5%, MC of 33.06%, and DegE of 67.96% were obtained by MAE compared to 6.9%, 31.85%, and 66.61%, respectively, for AAE. The time and temperature had a positive significant effect ( < 0.05) on % pectin yield for MAE and AAE, while time and pH squared had a negative. Temperature squared had a negative significance on % DE, and pH had a positive significance using AAE and MAE. Optimal conditions for MAE obtained were the power of 555.18W, pH of 2.79, and time of 40.69 min with optimum desirability of 0.829, while for acid extraction, the temperature of 72.95°C, pH of 2.31, and time of 142.55 min with the desirability of 0.88. A highly functionalized pectin can be extracted from the peels of A. angustifolium as an alternate source.
{"title":"Agrofood Waste and By-Product Valorization, Extraction, and Characterization of Pectin from the Waste Biomass Fruit Peel of Aframomum angustifolium Using Response Surface Methodology as Alternative Sources of a Functional Pectin","authors":"Akuro Blaise Mbaku, Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri, Wilson Agwanande Ambindei, Ngwa Martin Ngwabie, Martin Benoit Ngassoum","doi":"10.1155/2023/5277914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5277914","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of pectin in the food industry are strongly influenced by their source, structures, and extraction methods, which affect their functionalities. This research aims to extract and assess pectin’s physicochemical and functional properties from waste biomass peels of Aframomum angustifolium as an alternate source using acid (AAE) and microwave extraction (MAE) methods. Pectin extracted from A. angustifolium was compared based on yield, color, moisture, equivalent weight, methoxyl content (MC), and degree of esterification (DegE). Response surface experimental design was used to study the effect of the extraction process pectin such as the yield and the DegE. MAE had a significantly higher % yield of 4.74 ± 0.1% and a lower equivalent weight of 852.49 ± 16.59 mg/ml than AAE with 3.09 ± 0.03% and 882.1 ± 9.04 mg/ml, respectively, with light brown color. The lower moisture contents of 6.5%, MC of 33.06%, and DegE of 67.96% were obtained by MAE compared to 6.9%, 31.85%, and 66.61%, respectively, for AAE. The time and temperature had a positive significant effect ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>p</mi> </math> < 0.05) on % pectin yield for MAE and AAE, while time and pH squared had a negative. Temperature squared had a negative significance on % DE, and pH had a positive significance using AAE and MAE. Optimal conditions for MAE obtained were the power of 555.18W, pH of 2.79, and time of 40.69 min with optimum desirability of 0.829, while for acid extraction, the temperature of 72.95°C, pH of 2.31, and time of 142.55 min with the desirability of 0.88. A highly functionalized pectin can be extracted from the peels of A. angustifolium as an alternate source.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, there is a growing demand towards adopting 3D printing technology in various sectors due to its potential merits. The mechanical properties and surface quality of the final product are influenced by the process parameters. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the infill density and pattern beside printing speed and temperature to achieve optimum mechanical properties and surface characteristics of PLA+ 3D-printed material. The Taguchi method was applied with L9 array, and tensile and surface roughness tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of specimens in terms of the obtained ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus, tensile strain (%), and surface roughness. The selected parameters with their levels were as follows: printing temperature (205, 215, and 225°C), printing speed (20, 50, and 80 mm/s), infill density (30%, 60%, and 90%), and infill pattern (triangle, cubic, and concentric). The findings revealed the significant impact of the infill density followed by the infill pattern on the mechanical and surface performances of the PLA+ material. From the other side, the Taguchi method was integrated with grey relational analysis (GRA) as a multiobjective optimization to find out the optimum mechanical properties and surface characteristics of the 3D-printed PLA+ part. Accordingly, 215°C, 50 mm/s, 90%, and triangle pattern achieved optimum mechanical properties (24 MPa, 3.14 GPa, and 13.72%) and surface roughness (3.21 µm).
{"title":"Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Surface Characteristics of PLA+ 3D Printing Materials","authors":"A. Kadhum, S. Al-Zubaidi, S. S. A. AlKareem","doi":"10.1155/2023/8887905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8887905","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there is a growing demand towards adopting 3D printing technology in various sectors due to its potential merits. The mechanical properties and surface quality of the final product are influenced by the process parameters. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the infill density and pattern beside printing speed and temperature to achieve optimum mechanical properties and surface characteristics of PLA+ 3D-printed material. The Taguchi method was applied with L9 array, and tensile and surface roughness tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of specimens in terms of the obtained ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus, tensile strain (%), and surface roughness. The selected parameters with their levels were as follows: printing temperature (205, 215, and 225°C), printing speed (20, 50, and 80 mm/s), infill density (30%, 60%, and 90%), and infill pattern (triangle, cubic, and concentric). The findings revealed the significant impact of the infill density followed by the infill pattern on the mechanical and surface performances of the PLA+ material. From the other side, the Taguchi method was integrated with grey relational analysis (GRA) as a multiobjective optimization to find out the optimum mechanical properties and surface characteristics of the 3D-printed PLA+ part. Accordingly, 215°C, 50 mm/s, 90%, and triangle pattern achieved optimum mechanical properties (24 MPa, 3.14 GPa, and 13.72%) and surface roughness (3.21 µm).","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42494642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E.M. Valdés-Rodríguez, Leonardo Frias-Gasparri, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, V. Landín-Sandoval, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet
This paper addresses the analysis of hydrothermal carbonization of Tetra Pak residues using diluted sulfuric acid to obtain hydrochars for cleaning water polluted by heavy metal ions. The hydrochar samples were prepared under different carbonization conditions, and a detailed study of their composition, textural parameters, and surface functionalities was performed. It was found that the hydrothermal carbonization and dwell time of the Tetra Pak wastes significantly affected the composition of the hydrochars. These hydrochar samples contained oxygenated functional groups and aluminum-silicon moieties that were responsible for the Pb2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+ adsorption. The removal of these heavy metal ions using Tetra Pak hydrochars was an endothermic and multi-ionic process. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising approach to improve Tetra Pak waste management, generating materials with interesting properties for addressing the problem of wastewater and industrial effluent depollution.
{"title":"Preparation of Tetra Pak-Based Hydrochars for Cleaning Water Polluted by Heavy Metal Ions: Physicochemical Properties and Removal Mechanism","authors":"E.M. Valdés-Rodríguez, Leonardo Frias-Gasparri, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, V. Landín-Sandoval, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet","doi":"10.1155/2023/3169510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3169510","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the analysis of hydrothermal carbonization of Tetra Pak residues using diluted sulfuric acid to obtain hydrochars for cleaning water polluted by heavy metal ions. The hydrochar samples were prepared under different carbonization conditions, and a detailed study of their composition, textural parameters, and surface functionalities was performed. It was found that the hydrothermal carbonization and dwell time of the Tetra Pak wastes significantly affected the composition of the hydrochars. These hydrochar samples contained oxygenated functional groups and aluminum-silicon moieties that were responsible for the Pb2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+ adsorption. The removal of these heavy metal ions using Tetra Pak hydrochars was an endothermic and multi-ionic process. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising approach to improve Tetra Pak waste management, generating materials with interesting properties for addressing the problem of wastewater and industrial effluent depollution.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43525888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sathyapriya, R. Sharvesh, V. Karthik, S. Periyasamy, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy
Canals are a very imperative source of irrigation for the agricultural sector in India. Seepage causes major water loss in canals, and hence, the installation of liners becomes necessary. Compacted clay soils are commonly used as liners in the canals. This structure will most probably be subjected to salinization and desalinization cycles throughout its life. Because of the interaction between the pore liquid and clay particles, physico-chemical influences considerably impact the behavior of clay barriers. In this paper, the effect of interacting fluid on volume change, consolidation parameters, and hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay soil is investigated with the help of a one-dimensional consolidation test. The compacted clay specimens were immersed alternatively with distilled water (DW) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions (SW) at constant loading of 10 kPa, which replicates the load conditions in the field canal due to 1 m head of water and incremental loading as per IS 2720 part 15 standards. The experimental results proved that there is a percentage volume change increase of about two times for each stage inundated with 4M NaCl solution than its preceding stages inundated with distilled water at constant loading of 10 kPa. The consolidation rate was accelerated with 4M NaCl solution than the normal consolidation at incremental loading. The permeability coefficient in the salt water-induced sample increased by 217% more than the distilled water-induced sample at incremental loading. Therefore, the soil specimen subjected to alternate salinization and desalinization cycles significantly affects the volumetric and consolidation behavior, leading to decreased life of clay barrier structures.
{"title":"Study on Osmotic Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity Behavior of an Expansive Soil Inundated with Sodium Chloride Solution","authors":"S. Sathyapriya, R. Sharvesh, V. Karthik, S. Periyasamy, Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy","doi":"10.1155/2023/6574646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6574646","url":null,"abstract":"Canals are a very imperative source of irrigation for the agricultural sector in India. Seepage causes major water loss in canals, and hence, the installation of liners becomes necessary. Compacted clay soils are commonly used as liners in the canals. This structure will most probably be subjected to salinization and desalinization cycles throughout its life. Because of the interaction between the pore liquid and clay particles, physico-chemical influences considerably impact the behavior of clay barriers. In this paper, the effect of interacting fluid on volume change, consolidation parameters, and hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay soil is investigated with the help of a one-dimensional consolidation test. The compacted clay specimens were immersed alternatively with distilled water (DW) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions (SW) at constant loading of 10 kPa, which replicates the load conditions in the field canal due to 1 m head of water and incremental loading as per IS 2720 part 15 standards. The experimental results proved that there is a percentage volume change increase of about two times for each stage inundated with 4M NaCl solution than its preceding stages inundated with distilled water at constant loading of 10 kPa. The consolidation rate was accelerated with 4M NaCl solution than the normal consolidation at incremental loading. The permeability coefficient in the salt water-induced sample increased by 217% more than the distilled water-induced sample at incremental loading. Therefore, the soil specimen subjected to alternate salinization and desalinization cycles significantly affects the volumetric and consolidation behavior, leading to decreased life of clay barrier structures.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Umar Jamil, Maria Haki, N. Nesterenko, Stijn Van Daele, A. Chieregato, Ma’moun Al-Rawashdeh
Oxidative coupling of methane and methane dehydroaromatization are attractive one-step conversion routes to make valuable platform chemicals more sustainable. Both processes require elevated temperatures above 600°C, good heat management, and the use of heterogeneous catalysts. None of these reactions are yet commercial due to many technical challenges. This work explores the potential of combining these two processes under one umbrella to overcome some of the technical challenges and make these processes more attractive. It focuses on the recuperative autothermal reactor coupling as one of the possible integration options. A tube-in-tube reactor design is proposed in which OCM is in the inner tube and MDA is in the outside. A numerical study is carried out using pseudohomogenous ideal fixed bed reactor models with literature kinetics. A systematic tabulated approach is used to simplify, visualize, and structure the design process and view the design options. Practical constraints such as reactor sizing, pressure drop, reaction performance, and axial temperature profile are investigated. The effect of heat transfer coefficient, diluents, catalyst profiling, and flow direction have been investigated to alter the axial temperature profile, avoid thermal run away, and improve the performance. Multiple thermally coupled OCM-MDA reactor design candidates are identified. This is the first time that the thermal coupling of OCM and MDA has been identified and quantified. These candidates are merely a starting point toward exploring the full coupling opportunities between OCM and MDA toward reaching the ultimate and more attractive option of full mass and heat integration in the same reactor.
{"title":"Numerical Study to Define Initial Thermal Integration Window for Methane Oxidative Coupling with Dehydroaromatization Reactors","authors":"Muhammad Umar Jamil, Maria Haki, N. Nesterenko, Stijn Van Daele, A. Chieregato, Ma’moun Al-Rawashdeh","doi":"10.1155/2023/8465647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8465647","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative coupling of methane and methane dehydroaromatization are attractive one-step conversion routes to make valuable platform chemicals more sustainable. Both processes require elevated temperatures above 600°C, good heat management, and the use of heterogeneous catalysts. None of these reactions are yet commercial due to many technical challenges. This work explores the potential of combining these two processes under one umbrella to overcome some of the technical challenges and make these processes more attractive. It focuses on the recuperative autothermal reactor coupling as one of the possible integration options. A tube-in-tube reactor design is proposed in which OCM is in the inner tube and MDA is in the outside. A numerical study is carried out using pseudohomogenous ideal fixed bed reactor models with literature kinetics. A systematic tabulated approach is used to simplify, visualize, and structure the design process and view the design options. Practical constraints such as reactor sizing, pressure drop, reaction performance, and axial temperature profile are investigated. The effect of heat transfer coefficient, diluents, catalyst profiling, and flow direction have been investigated to alter the axial temperature profile, avoid thermal run away, and improve the performance. Multiple thermally coupled OCM-MDA reactor design candidates are identified. This is the first time that the thermal coupling of OCM and MDA has been identified and quantified. These candidates are merely a starting point toward exploring the full coupling opportunities between OCM and MDA toward reaching the ultimate and more attractive option of full mass and heat integration in the same reactor.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46076844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Surya, R. Prakash, P. Senthil kumar, G. Bharath Balji
Almost every metal and alloy corrodes when used in high-temperature applications. To combat this problem, ceramic coatings on the metals can be deposited for better thermal and corrosion behavior. The present study applies an alumina-titania (Al2O3-TiO2) ceramic coating to the stainless steel (SS) surface using a detonation spray process. The surface of the coated SS is probed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The clear differences between coated and uncoated SS have been observed based on the SEM images. The XRD pattern indicates that the Al2O3-TiO2 coating on SS has been successfully deposited. The hardness of coated and uncoated SS surfaces is determined by using the Micro Vickers hardness tester, which claims that the hardness of the SS surface has decreased after coating. Salt spray tests were used to examine the corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated SS after 12 and 24 hours. After 12 hours, no corrosion was observed on the SS. After 24 hours, however, significant corrosion of uncoated SS is observed, and the coated SS shows negligible corrosion. Based on the study, it is claimed that an Al2O3-TiO2 coating on SS has improved its corrosion behavior significantly.
{"title":"Development of Alumina-Titania Composite Layers on Stainless Steel through the Detonation Spray Method and Investigation of Salt Spray Corrosion Behavior along with Surface Examination","authors":"A. Surya, R. Prakash, P. Senthil kumar, G. Bharath Balji","doi":"10.1155/2023/1445360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1445360","url":null,"abstract":"Almost every metal and alloy corrodes when used in high-temperature applications. To combat this problem, ceramic coatings on the metals can be deposited for better thermal and corrosion behavior. The present study applies an alumina-titania (Al2O3-TiO2) ceramic coating to the stainless steel (SS) surface using a detonation spray process. The surface of the coated SS is probed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The clear differences between coated and uncoated SS have been observed based on the SEM images. The XRD pattern indicates that the Al2O3-TiO2 coating on SS has been successfully deposited. The hardness of coated and uncoated SS surfaces is determined by using the Micro Vickers hardness tester, which claims that the hardness of the SS surface has decreased after coating. Salt spray tests were used to examine the corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated SS after 12 and 24 hours. After 12 hours, no corrosion was observed on the SS. After 24 hours, however, significant corrosion of uncoated SS is observed, and the coated SS shows negligible corrosion. Based on the study, it is claimed that an Al2O3-TiO2 coating on SS has improved its corrosion behavior significantly.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the combustion behavior of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite-pyrrhotite mixture (mixed mineral) powders in an air atmosphere. To study the influence of the pyrrhotite content in mixed mineral powders on the combustion behavior in the air, thermogravimetric mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were employed. The results indicated that pyrrhotite lead to a weight gain in the mixed minerals during the combustion process. Pyrrhotite particles are more easily adsorbed on the surface of pyrite particles during mixed mineral combustion due to their strong ability to absorb oxygen, which accelerates pyrite combustion. The weight loss of mixed minerals decreased during the combustion process with increasing pyrrhotite content, resulting from pyrite encapsulation by agglomerated and sintered pyrrhotite during combustion. The calculated kinetic parameters and phase analysis results suggested that pyrite combustion is consistent with the shrinking core mechanism, and in the combustion process, the irregular pyrite particle shrank into a spherical particle; the combustion products of pyrrhotite grew in a layer-by-layer manner. Pyrrhotite combustion corresponded to the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism, and mixed mineral combustion was dominated by the shrinking core mechanism and supplemented by the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism. SO2, as the main combustion product, was continuously generated and volatilized in the reaction, signifying that the combustion reaction of pyrite is a two-phase reaction involving gas and solid.
{"title":"Effects of Pyrrhotite on the Combustion Behavior and the Kinetic Mechanism of Pyrite-Pyrrhotite Mixture Powders in the Air","authors":"Changshun Tian, Y. Rao, Gang Su, Tao Huang","doi":"10.1155/2023/9567708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9567708","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of the combustion behavior of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite-pyrrhotite mixture (mixed mineral) powders in an air atmosphere. To study the influence of the pyrrhotite content in mixed mineral powders on the combustion behavior in the air, thermogravimetric mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were employed. The results indicated that pyrrhotite lead to a weight gain in the mixed minerals during the combustion process. Pyrrhotite particles are more easily adsorbed on the surface of pyrite particles during mixed mineral combustion due to their strong ability to absorb oxygen, which accelerates pyrite combustion. The weight loss of mixed minerals decreased during the combustion process with increasing pyrrhotite content, resulting from pyrite encapsulation by agglomerated and sintered pyrrhotite during combustion. The calculated kinetic parameters and phase analysis results suggested that pyrite combustion is consistent with the shrinking core mechanism, and in the combustion process, the irregular pyrite particle shrank into a spherical particle; the combustion products of pyrrhotite grew in a layer-by-layer manner. Pyrrhotite combustion corresponded to the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism, and mixed mineral combustion was dominated by the shrinking core mechanism and supplemented by the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism. SO2, as the main combustion product, was continuously generated and volatilized in the reaction, signifying that the combustion reaction of pyrite is a two-phase reaction involving gas and solid.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sathyapriya, M. S. Abdul Fasith, P. Senthil kumar, V. Karthik
Polymer-based soil stabilization has fascinated substantial interest in the field of research intending to gain a better knowledge of the anticipated soil characteristics after polymer treatment. Intricate research on the engineering performance of expansive soil which is highly challenging due to its swell and shrink nature based on variations in water regime, treated with guar gum, a biopolymer made from gum along with polyethylene terephthalate fibre, one of the most generated plastics, resulting in massive waste, is accomplished through this entire experimental investigation. Comprehensive geotechnical tests and microstructural examinations have been performed to optimize the guar gum for enhancement of soil properties and to comprehend the interactive mechanism with the soil. The biopolymer at dosages 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% was added to the soil. Polyethylene terephthalate Fibre with an aspect ratio of 28 is used with the soil at an increment of 0.4% up to 1.6%. The optimum dosage of biopolymer was mixed with polyethylene terephthalate fibres, and its effect on geotechnical properties was carried out separately. From the experimental investigations, it is comprehended that there is a reduction of 27% and 40% in plasticity index and swelling, respectively, at an optimum dosage of 0.5% GG when compared to untreated soil. Furthermore, there is a marginal decrease of 24% in dry density, 310% increase in CBR value, and 33% reduction in compressibility of the soil treated with 0.5% GG with 1.6% PET fibre, when compared to virgin soil. The present study was conducted to improve the subgrade soil strength beneath the pavements. The usage of biopolymer and its combination with polyethylene terephthalate fibres shows that there is a considerable improvement in modifying the geotechnical properties, and its coupling effect contributes to higher California bearing ratio values. According to the outcomes of this investigation, it is proven that biopolymer and polyethylene terephthalate fibre is definitely an alternate to conventional materials. The present study was conducted to improve the subgrade soil strength beneath the pavements.
{"title":"Geotechnical Investigation and Microanalysis of Black Cotton Soil Amended with Guar Gum and Polyethylene Terephlate Fibre","authors":"S. Sathyapriya, M. S. Abdul Fasith, P. Senthil kumar, V. Karthik","doi":"10.1155/2023/5277425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5277425","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-based soil stabilization has fascinated substantial interest in the field of research intending to gain a better knowledge of the anticipated soil characteristics after polymer treatment. Intricate research on the engineering performance of expansive soil which is highly challenging due to its swell and shrink nature based on variations in water regime, treated with guar gum, a biopolymer made from gum along with polyethylene terephthalate fibre, one of the most generated plastics, resulting in massive waste, is accomplished through this entire experimental investigation. Comprehensive geotechnical tests and microstructural examinations have been performed to optimize the guar gum for enhancement of soil properties and to comprehend the interactive mechanism with the soil. The biopolymer at dosages 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% was added to the soil. Polyethylene terephthalate Fibre with an aspect ratio of 28 is used with the soil at an increment of 0.4% up to 1.6%. The optimum dosage of biopolymer was mixed with polyethylene terephthalate fibres, and its effect on geotechnical properties was carried out separately. From the experimental investigations, it is comprehended that there is a reduction of 27% and 40% in plasticity index and swelling, respectively, at an optimum dosage of 0.5% GG when compared to untreated soil. Furthermore, there is a marginal decrease of 24% in dry density, 310% increase in CBR value, and 33% reduction in compressibility of the soil treated with 0.5% GG with 1.6% PET fibre, when compared to virgin soil. The present study was conducted to improve the subgrade soil strength beneath the pavements. The usage of biopolymer and its combination with polyethylene terephthalate fibres shows that there is a considerable improvement in modifying the geotechnical properties, and its coupling effect contributes to higher California bearing ratio values. According to the outcomes of this investigation, it is proven that biopolymer and polyethylene terephthalate fibre is definitely an alternate to conventional materials. The present study was conducted to improve the subgrade soil strength beneath the pavements.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44666090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transport phenomena through hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) indicate the exchange of a component between the two phases, inside and outside of hollow fibers. In this research, we designed and fabricated lab-made HFMCs to assess the difference between water and air as sweeping media for CO2 exchange. The effects of flow rates and temperature ratios on aqueous CO2 absorption were investigated accordingly. A semiclosed circuit incorporating our fabricated HFMCs was set up to regulate the operating parameters and evaluate the aqueous CO2 concentration using an initiative pH-based method. The results of our experiments remarkably reveal that air tends to remove aqueous CO2 more than water when aqueous CO2 concentration is higher than 3.53 × 10−6 mlCO2/l. However, water would surpass air in lower concentrations. Nevertheless, tripling the flow rate of sweeping media from 500 to 1500 ml/min shifts up this cutoff point 50 times to around 1.66 × 10−4 mlCO2/l. The experiments performed at three different temperature ratios of 22 : 22, 44 : 12, and 22 : 12°C (CO2-rich liquid: sweeping medium) demonstrated that a higher temperature gradient deteriorates the CO2 absorption capacity of sweeping media. Nonetheless, temperature gradient becomes highly effective in aqueous CO2 concentrations lower than 1.57 × 10−6 CO2/l. The results of this research could be applied in performance optimization of aqueous CO2 absorbing HFMCs, even in sophisticated medical procedures such as arterio-venous and veno-venous CO2 removal systems where both water and air could be used as blood’s CO2 sweeping media.
{"title":"The Effect of Sweeping Media and Temperature on Aqueous CO2 Removal Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor (HFMC): An Experimental Determination","authors":"H. Tabesh, M. Gholami, Marjan Marefat","doi":"10.1155/2023/3577656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3577656","url":null,"abstract":"Transport phenomena through hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) indicate the exchange of a component between the two phases, inside and outside of hollow fibers. In this research, we designed and fabricated lab-made HFMCs to assess the difference between water and air as sweeping media for CO2 exchange. The effects of flow rates and temperature ratios on aqueous CO2 absorption were investigated accordingly. A semiclosed circuit incorporating our fabricated HFMCs was set up to regulate the operating parameters and evaluate the aqueous CO2 concentration using an initiative pH-based method. The results of our experiments remarkably reveal that air tends to remove aqueous CO2 more than water when aqueous CO2 concentration is higher than 3.53 × 10−6 mlCO2/l. However, water would surpass air in lower concentrations. Nevertheless, tripling the flow rate of sweeping media from 500 to 1500 ml/min shifts up this cutoff point 50 times to around 1.66 × 10−4 mlCO2/l. The experiments performed at three different temperature ratios of 22 : 22, 44 : 12, and 22 : 12°C (CO2-rich liquid: sweeping medium) demonstrated that a higher temperature gradient deteriorates the CO2 absorption capacity of sweeping media. Nonetheless, temperature gradient becomes highly effective in aqueous CO2 concentrations lower than 1.57 × 10−6 CO2/l. The results of this research could be applied in performance optimization of aqueous CO2 absorbing HFMCs, even in sophisticated medical procedures such as arterio-venous and veno-venous CO2 removal systems where both water and air could be used as blood’s CO2 sweeping media.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45042419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Meza-Díaz, J. Tapia-Picazo, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, G. Luna‐Bárcenas, Daniel Alcalá-Sánchez, J. Jaime-Leal, P. Herrera‐Franco
In this study, a mathematical model of the copolymerization of AN-VA in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was developed considering charge-transfer complexes (CTCs). CTC formation between acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VA) was demonstrated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and molecular orbital theory. The rate constants and equilibrium constants of the complexes were calculated from a model of the simultaneous participation of complexes and free monomers and the molar ratio method. Furthermore, the participation of CTCs in propagation was included because of their high reactivity. All the simultaneous equations defined to analyze the reactor parameters were analytically solved, and the results of the model were in terms of operative variables such as monomer conversion, average molecular weight, and the mole fraction of monomer 2 (i.e., VA) in the polymer formed. The results of the predictions of the developed model were compared with the experimental data for validation. This prediction was also compared with the reactor model solution without considering the CTC, which showed deviations that were more significant than those of the CTC model. These results represent a quantitative way to analyze the order of magnitude of the impact of the formation of the complexes in the analyzed polymerization system.
{"title":"Analytical Steady-State Model for the Free Radical Solution Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile and Vinyl Acetate and Their Charge-Transfer Complex in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor","authors":"Oscar Meza-Díaz, J. Tapia-Picazo, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, G. Luna‐Bárcenas, Daniel Alcalá-Sánchez, J. Jaime-Leal, P. Herrera‐Franco","doi":"10.1155/2023/3245973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3245973","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a mathematical model of the copolymerization of AN-VA in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was developed considering charge-transfer complexes (CTCs). CTC formation between acrylonitrile (AN) and vinyl acetate (VA) was demonstrated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and molecular orbital theory. The rate constants and equilibrium constants of the complexes were calculated from a model of the simultaneous participation of complexes and free monomers and the molar ratio method. Furthermore, the participation of CTCs in propagation was included because of their high reactivity. All the simultaneous equations defined to analyze the reactor parameters were analytically solved, and the results of the model were in terms of operative variables such as monomer conversion, average molecular weight, and the mole fraction of monomer 2 (i.e., VA) in the polymer formed. The results of the predictions of the developed model were compared with the experimental data for validation. This prediction was also compared with the reactor model solution without considering the CTC, which showed deviations that were more significant than those of the CTC model. These results represent a quantitative way to analyze the order of magnitude of the impact of the formation of the complexes in the analyzed polymerization system.","PeriodicalId":13921,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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