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Subjective tests of speaker recognition for selected voice disguise techniques 选定语音伪装技术的说话人识别主观测试
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149587
P. Staroniewicz
Research work on the effectiveness of voice disguise techniques is important for the development of biometric systems (surveillance) as well as phonoscopic research (forensics). A speaker recognition system or a listener can be deliberately or non-deliberately misled by technical or natural methods. It is important to determine the impact of these techniques on both automatic systems and live listeners. This paper presents the results of listening tests conducted on a group of 40 people. The effectiveness of speaker recognition was investigated using selected natural (chosen from four groups of deliberate natural techniques: phonation, phonemic, prosodic and deformation) and technical (pitch shifting, GSM coding) voice disguise techniques. The results were related to the previously obtained outcomes for the automatic method of verification carried out using a classical speaker recognition system based on MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) parameterisation and GMM (Gaussian Mixture Models) classification.
有关语音伪装技术有效性的研究工作对于生物识别系统(监控)和语音学研究(取证)的发展非常重要。说话者识别系统或听者可能会被技术或自然方法有意或无意地误导。确定这些技术对自动系统和现场听众的影响非常重要。本文介绍了对一组 40 人进行的听力测试结果。测试使用了精选的自然技术(从四组特意使用的自然技术中选择:发音、音位、拟声和变形)和技术(音高变换、GSM 编码)语音伪装技术,对说话人识别的有效性进行了研究。研究结果与之前使用基于 MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients)参数化和 GMM(Gaussian Mixture Models)分类的经典说话人识别系统进行自动验证方法所获得的结果相关。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of a task schedule for teams with members having various skills 为拥有不同技能成员的团队优化任务时间表
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149515
Marek Bazan, Czesław Smutnicki, Maciej E. Marchwiany
We consider the real-life problem of planning tasks for teams in a corporation, in conditions of some restrictions. The problem takes into account various constraints, such as for instance flexible working hours, common meeting periods, time set aside for self-learning, lunchtimes and periodic performance of tasks. Additionally, only a part of the team may participate in meetings, and each team member may have their own periodic tasks such as self-development. We propose an algorithm that is an extension of the algorithm dedicated for scheduling on parallel unrelated processors with the makespan criterion. Our approach assumes that each task can be defined by a subset of employees or an entire team. However, each worker is of a different efficiency, so task completion times may differ. Moreover, the tasks are prioritized. The problem is NP-hard. Numerical experiments cover benchmarks with 10 instances of 100 tasks assigned to a 5-person team. For all instances, various algorithms such as branch-and-bound, genetic and tabu search have been tested.
我们考虑的现实问题是,在某些限制条件下,如何为公司团队规划任务。该问题考虑到了各种限制因素,例如灵活的工作时间、共同的会议时间、为自学预留的时间、午餐时间和定期执行任务等。此外,只有部分团队成员可以参加会议,每个团队成员都可能有自己的定期任务,如自我发展。我们提出了一种算法,该算法是对并行非相关处理器上专门用于调度的算法的扩展,采用了 "makespan "标准。我们的方法假设每个任务可以由一个员工子集或整个团队来定义。然而,每个员工的效率不同,因此任务完成时间也可能不同。此外,任务是有优先级的。该问题具有 NP 难度。数值实验涵盖了分配给 5 人团队的 100 项任务的 10 个实例基准。针对所有实例,测试了各种算法,如分支与边界、遗传和塔布搜索。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of computer ontologies for e-courses in information and communication technologies 信息和通信技术电子课程计算机本体的优化
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149530
N.ZH. Sabitova, Y. Tikhonov, V. Lakhno, Makulov Kariyrbek, Olena Kryvoruchko, Vitalyi Chubaievskyi, A. Desiatko, Mereke Zhumadilova
A methodology is proposed for modifying computer ontologies (CO) for electronic courses (EC) in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) for universities, schools, extracurricular institutions, as well as for the professional retraining of specialists. The methodology includes the modification of CO by representing the formal ontograph of CO in the form of a graph and using techniques for working with the graph to find optimal paths on the graph using applied software (SW). A genetic algorithm (GA) is involved in the search for the optimal CO. This will lead to the division of the ontograph into branches and the ability to calculate the best trajectory in a certain sense through the EC educational material, taking into account the syllabus. An example is considered for the ICT course syllabus in terms of a specific topic covering the design and use of databases. It is concluded that for the full implementation of this methodology, a tool is needed that automates this procedure for developing EC and/or electronic textbooks. An algorithm and a prototype of software tools are also proposed, integrating machine methods of working with CO and graphs.
本文提出了一种修改计算机本体(CO)的方法,用于大学、学校、课外机构的信息和通信技术(ICT)领域的电子课程(EC),以及专家的专业再培训。该方法包括对 CO 进行修改,将 CO 的正式本体图以图的形式表示出来,并使用应用软件(SW)在图上寻找最优路径。遗传算法(GA)参与了最佳 CO 的搜索。这将导致将本体图划分为多个分支,并能根据教学大纲,计算出欧共体教材在一定意义上的最佳轨迹。以信息和通信技术课程教学大纲中涉及数据库设计和使用的一个具体专题为例进行说明。结论是,要全面实施这种方法,需要有一种工具,能自动执行编写教科书和/或电子教科书的程序。此外,还提出了一种算法和软件工具原型,整合了处理 CO 和图形的机器方法。
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引用次数: 0
Individual emission assessment of harmonics in DSO environment DSO 环境中谐波的单独排放评估
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149527
S. Barczentewicz, Tomasz Rodziewicz, Andrzej Bień, Andrzej Firlit
The paper presents the propagation assessment and power quality parameters improvement system in power distribution grid. In this work main functionalities of the system are described focusing on the individual assessment module. The module is using CIRED/CIGRE C4.109 method which is based on the 10-minutes aggregated data. Three cases of individual emission assessment using real measurement data in the distribution system operator environment ware analyzed. The obtained results confirmed the legitimacy of using 10-minute data to assess the emissions of harmonics.
本文介绍了配电网中的传播评估和电能质量参数改进系统。文中介绍了系统的主要功能,重点是单个评估模块。该模块采用 CIRED/CIGRE C4.109 方法,该方法基于 10 分钟的汇总数据。利用配电系统运营商环境中的真实测量数据,对三个单独排放评估案例进行了分析。获得的结果证实了使用 10 分钟数据评估谐波排放的合理性。
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引用次数: 0
Method of assessing the information reliability of in 5G wireless transmission systems 评估 5G 无线传输系统信息可靠性的方法
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149532
Vladyslav Vasylenko, Serhii Zaitsev, Yuliia Tkach, Oleksandr Korchenko, R. Ziubina, O. Veselska
The article proposes a method of assessing information transmission reliability by using the output normalized logarithmic ratio of the likelihood function (LRLF) of the decoder. Based on the evaluation, the method allows adapting system parameters with turbo codes (TC) or LDPC code. This method can be used in combination with other methods of parametric and structural adaptation using turbo codes or LDPC codes.
文章提出了一种利用解码器输出归一化似然函数对数比(LRLF)评估信息传输可靠性的方法。根据评估结果,该方法可以调整涡轮编码(TC)或 LDPC 编码的系统参数。该方法可与其他使用涡轮编码或 LDPC 编码进行参数和结构调整的方法结合使用。
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引用次数: 0
The analytical framework for optimizing TCP retransmission algorithm based on adjustment of its EWMA parameters 基于 EWMA 参数调整的 TCP 重传算法优化分析框架
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149538
Michał Grabowski, Robert Janowski
In this paper we derive mathematical description of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) retransmission probability based on Jacobson’s smoothing algorithm that belongs to EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) category. This description is parametrized on the probability density function (pdf) of RTT (Round Trip Time) samples and α, β – two primary parameters of Jacobson’s algorithm. Although it is not a close form expression, it is formulated as an effective algorithm that let us to explicitly calculate the values of RTO (Retransmission Time Out) probability as a function of α, β and the pdf of RTT samples. We achieve the effectiveness of this approach by applying smart discretization of the state space and replacement of continuous functions with discrete approximate equivalents. In this way, we mitigate the cardinality of discrete distributions we deal with that results in linear (n+m) instead of multiplicative (n⋅m) growth of computational complexity. We provide the evaluation of RTO probability for a wide set of α, β parameter values and differently shaped Normal and Laplace pdfs the RTT samples are taken from. The obtained numerical results let us to draw some conclusions regarding the choice of optimal values of α, β parameters as well as the impact of pdf the RTT samples are taken from.
本文基于雅各布森平滑算法推导出 TCP(传输控制协议)重传概率的数学描述,该算法属于 EWMA(指数加权移动平均)范畴。该描述以 RTT(往返时间)样本的概率密度函数(pdf)和雅各布森算法的两个主要参数 α、β 为参数。虽然这不是一个近似形式的表达式,但它被表述为一种有效的算法,让我们可以明确地计算出作为 α、β 和 RTT 样本 pdf 函数的 RTO(重传超时)概率值。我们通过对状态空间进行智能离散化,并用离散近似等价物替换连续函数,实现了这种方法的有效性。通过这种方式,我们减轻了所处理的离散分布的万有引力,从而使计算复杂度从乘法增长(n⋅m)变为线性增长(n+m)。我们提供了一系列α、β参数值和不同形状的正态分布和拉普拉斯分布的 RTO 概率评估。根据所获得的数值结果,我们可以就 α、β 参数最佳值的选择以及 RTT 样本所取自的 pdf 的影响得出一些结论。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of openEHR open-source servers openEHR 开放源码服务器比较
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149526
J. Kryszyn, W. Smolik, D. Wanta, P. Wróblewski, M. Midura
Medical information systems could benefit from electronic health records management using openEHR. On the other hand, such a standard adds an additional software layer to the system, which might impact performance. In this article, we present an in-depth comparison of open-source openEHR servers and propose tools for testing them. Load tests for selected opensource servers were prepared using Apache JMeter. Statistics of elapsed time of requests and throughput of each solution were calculated. Results show that open-source openEHR servers significantly differ in performance and stability and prove that load testing should be a crucial part of a development process.
医疗信息系统可以从使用 openEHR 的电子病历管理中受益。另一方面,这种标准为系统增加了一个额外的软件层,可能会影响性能。在本文中,我们对开源 openEHR 服务器进行了深入比较,并提出了测试工具。我们使用 Apache JMeter 对选定的开源服务器进行了负载测试。对每个解决方案的请求耗时和吞吐量进行了统计。结果表明,开源 openEHR 服务器在性能和稳定性方面存在显著差异,并证明负载测试应成为开发过程的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Sofcomputing approach to melody generation based on harmonic analysis 基于谐波分析的旋律生成软计算方法
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149516
Jarosław Mazurkiewicz
This work aims to create an ANN-based system for a musical improviser. An artificial improviser of "hearing" music will create a melody. The data supplied to the improviser is MIDItype musical data. This is the harmonic-rhythmic course, the background for improvisation, and the previously made melody notes. The harmonic run is fed into the system as the currently ongoing chord and the time to the next chord, while the supplied few dozen notes performed earlier will indirectly carry information about the entire run and the musical context and style. Improvisation training is carried out to check ANN as a correctlooking musical improvisation device. The improviser generates several hundred notes to be substituted for a looped rhythmicharmonic waveform and examined for quality.
这项工作旨在为音乐即兴演奏者创建一个基于人工智能网络的系统。人工即兴 "听觉 "音乐将创造出一段旋律。提供给即兴演奏者的数据是 MIDI 类型的音乐数据。这些数据包括和声节奏进程、即兴创作的背景以及先前创作的旋律音符。和声的运行过程会作为当前正在进行的和弦和到下一个和弦的时间输入系统,而之前演奏的几十个音符则间接地包含了整个运行过程以及音乐背景和风格的信息。为了检验 ANN 作为音乐即兴装置的正确性,我们进行了即兴演奏训练。即兴演奏者将生成数百个音符,替换成循环节奏和声波形,并对其质量进行检查。
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引用次数: 0
Low-cost ANS encoder for lossless data compression in FPGAs 用于 FPGA 无损数据压缩的低成本 ANS 编码器
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149534
Magdalena Pastuła, Paweł Russek, K. Wiatr
We present the implementation of the hardware ANS compressor in FPGAs. The main goal of the design was to propose a solution suitable to low-cost, low-energy embedded systems. We propose the streaming-rANS algorithm of the ANS family as a target for the implementation. Also, we propose a set of algorithm parameters that substantially reduce the use of FPGA resources, and we examine what is the influence of the chosen parameters on compression performance. Further, we compare our design to the lossless codecs found in literature, and to the streaming-rANS codecs with arbitrary parameters.
我们介绍了用 FPGA 实现硬件 ANS 压缩机的情况。设计的主要目标是提出一种适合低成本、低能耗嵌入式系统的解决方案。我们提出了 ANS 系列中的 streaming-rANS 算法作为实现目标。此外,我们还提出了一套可大幅减少 FPGA 资源使用的算法参数,并研究了所选参数对压缩性能的影响。此外,我们还将我们的设计与文献中的无损编解码器以及具有任意参数的流式 RANS 编解码器进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning in the classification and recognition of cardiac activity patterns 深度学习在心脏活动模式分类和识别中的应用
IF 0.7 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149517
Łukasz Jeleń, Piotr Ciskowski, Konrad Kluwak
Electrocardiography is an examination performed frequently in patients experiencing symptoms of heart disease. Upon a detailed analysis, it has shown potential to detect and identify various activities. In this article, we present a deep learning approach that can be used to analyze ECG signals. Our research shows promising results in recognizing activity and disease patterns with nearly 90% accuracy. In this paper, we present the early results of our analysis, indicating the potential of using deep learning algorithms in the analysis of both onedimensional and two–dimensional data. The methodology we present can be utilized for ECG data classification and can be extended to wearable devices. Conclusions of our study pave the way for exploring live data analysis through wearable devices in order to not only predict specific cardiac conditions, but also a possibility of using them in alternative and augmented communication frameworks.
心电图是对有心脏病症状的患者经常进行的一种检查。经过详细分析,它已显示出检测和识别各种活动的潜力。在本文中,我们介绍了一种可用于分析心电信号的深度学习方法。我们的研究显示,在识别活动和疾病模式方面取得了可喜的成果,准确率接近 90%。在本文中,我们介绍了我们的早期分析结果,表明了使用深度学习算法分析一维和二维数据的潜力。我们介绍的方法可用于心电图数据分类,并可扩展到可穿戴设备。我们的研究结论为探索通过可穿戴设备进行实时数据分析铺平了道路,不仅可以预测特定的心脏状况,还可以将其用于替代和增强型通信框架。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
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