Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.143899
— Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks constitute a major threat in the current Internet. These cyber-attacks aim to flood the target system with tailored malicious network traffic overwhelming its service capacity and consequently severely limiting legitimate users from using the service. This paper builds on the state-of-the-art AATAC algorithm (Autonomous Algorithm for Traffic Anomaly Detection) and provides a concept of a dedicated inline DDoS detector capable of real-time monitoring of network traffic and near-real-time anomaly detection. The inline DDoS detector consists of two main elements: 1) inline probe(s) responsible for link-rate real-time processing and monitoring of network traffic with custom-built packet feature counters, and 2) an analyser that performs the near-real-time statistical analysis of these counters for anomaly detection. These elements communicate asynchronously via the Redis database, facilitating a wide range of deployment scenarios. The inline probes are based on COTS servers and utilise the DPDK framework (Data Plane Development Kit) and parallel packet processing on multiple CPU cores to achieve link rate traffic analysis, including tailored DPI analysis.
{"title":"On Implementation of Efficient Inline DDoS Detector Based on AATAC Algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.143899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.143899","url":null,"abstract":"— Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks constitute a major threat in the current Internet. These cyber-attacks aim to flood the target system with tailored malicious network traffic overwhelming its service capacity and consequently severely limiting legitimate users from using the service. This paper builds on the state-of-the-art AATAC algorithm (Autonomous Algorithm for Traffic Anomaly Detection) and provides a concept of a dedicated inline DDoS detector capable of real-time monitoring of network traffic and near-real-time anomaly detection. The inline DDoS detector consists of two main elements: 1) inline probe(s) responsible for link-rate real-time processing and monitoring of network traffic with custom-built packet feature counters, and 2) an analyser that performs the near-real-time statistical analysis of these counters for anomaly detection. These elements communicate asynchronously via the Redis database, facilitating a wide range of deployment scenarios. The inline probes are based on COTS servers and utilise the DPDK framework (Data Plane Development Kit) and parallel packet processing on multiple CPU cores to achieve link rate traffic analysis, including tailored DPI analysis.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"303 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141267
Ewa Raj, Krzysztof Tomalczyk
— The paper presents a new second-cycle Electronics and Telecommunications study program that has been running in Lodz University of Technology since 2020. The concept of the program uses the Project Based Learning approach and it is based on three main projects implemented throughout the curriculum. The inspiration was the programs of three foreign universities and extensive research of various groups of stakeholders. The initial evaluation of the program first semester proves high acceptance and satisfaction of the students.
{"title":"Second-cycle Electronics and Telecommunications Program with Project Based Learning Approach","authors":"Ewa Raj, Krzysztof Tomalczyk","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141267","url":null,"abstract":"— The paper presents a new second-cycle Electronics and Telecommunications study program that has been running in Lodz University of Technology since 2020. The concept of the program uses the Project Based Learning approach and it is based on three main projects implemented throughout the curriculum. The inspiration was the programs of three foreign universities and extensive research of various groups of stakeholders. The initial evaluation of the program first semester proves high acceptance and satisfaction of the students.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"17 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141276
Wesam F. Swedan, Huthifa A. Al_Issa, Ayat Aloqoul, Hadeel Alkofahi, Rahaf Obeidat
— Soldiers are the backbone of any armed force. They usually lose their lives due to the lack of medical assistance in emergency situations. Furthermore, army bases face problems due to the inability to track soldiers’ locations in the field. Hence, this paper proposes an interactive graphical user interface module (IGUIM) for soldiers’ bioinformatics acquisition and emergency reaction during combat, a global positioning system (GPS) is used to track soldiers’ locations through a device carried by the soldier . Soldiers’ bioinformatics are gathered using health monitoring biosensors, bidirectional communication between the soldiers and the army base is established via a global system for mobile (GSM). The proposed interactive module aims to enumerate the soldiers on the battlefield within a database that easily facilitates health monitoring, position tracking and bidirectional communication with each soldier through their identification number. The proposed IGUIM will increase the rate of soldiers’ survival in emergencies, which contributes to preserving the human resources of the army during combat.
{"title":"An Interactive Graphical User Interface Module for Soldier Health and Position Tracking System","authors":"Wesam F. Swedan, Huthifa A. Al_Issa, Ayat Aloqoul, Hadeel Alkofahi, Rahaf Obeidat","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141276","url":null,"abstract":"— Soldiers are the backbone of any armed force. They usually lose their lives due to the lack of medical assistance in emergency situations. Furthermore, army bases face problems due to the inability to track soldiers’ locations in the field. Hence, this paper proposes an interactive graphical user interface module (IGUIM) for soldiers’ bioinformatics acquisition and emergency reaction during combat, a global positioning system (GPS) is used to track soldiers’ locations through a device carried by the soldier . Soldiers’ bioinformatics are gathered using health monitoring biosensors, bidirectional communication between the soldiers and the army base is established via a global system for mobile (GSM). The proposed interactive module aims to enumerate the soldiers on the battlefield within a database that easily facilitates health monitoring, position tracking and bidirectional communication with each soldier through their identification number. The proposed IGUIM will increase the rate of soldiers’ survival in emergencies, which contributes to preserving the human resources of the army during combat.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.143878
— This paper proposes the design and simulation of 2 × 𝟐 circular patch antenna array working at 28 GHz by using four inset feed micro strip circular patch antennas to achieve beam forming with directivity around 13dB which is required to overcome part of high path loss challenge for high data rate mm-5G mobile station application. Four element 2x2 array consists of two 1x2 circular patch antenna arrays based on power divider and quarter wavelength transition lines as a matching circuit. The designed antenna array is simulated on RT/duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with properties of 0.5mm thickness, dielectric constant 𝝐 𝒓 =2.2, and tangent loss of 0.0009 by using Computer System Technology (CST) software. The performances in terms of return loss, 3D – radiation pattern is evaluated at 28 GHz frequency band. The design also includes the possibility of inserting four identical 2x2 antenna arrays at four edges of mobile station substrate to achieve broad space coverage by steering the beams of the mobile station arrays.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of 2×2 Micro Strip Circular Patch Antenna Array at 28 GHz for 5G Mobile Station Application","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.143878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.143878","url":null,"abstract":"— This paper proposes the design and simulation of 2 × 𝟐 circular patch antenna array working at 28 GHz by using four inset feed micro strip circular patch antennas to achieve beam forming with directivity around 13dB which is required to overcome part of high path loss challenge for high data rate mm-5G mobile station application. Four element 2x2 array consists of two 1x2 circular patch antenna arrays based on power divider and quarter wavelength transition lines as a matching circuit. The designed antenna array is simulated on RT/duroid 5880 dielectric substrate with properties of 0.5mm thickness, dielectric constant 𝝐 𝒓 =2.2, and tangent loss of 0.0009 by using Computer System Technology (CST) software. The performances in terms of return loss, 3D – radiation pattern is evaluated at 28 GHz frequency band. The design also includes the possibility of inserting four identical 2x2 antenna arrays at four edges of mobile station substrate to achieve broad space coverage by steering the beams of the mobile station arrays.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"216 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.143898
—Template matching is a process to identify and localize a template image on an original image. Several methods are commonly used for template matching, one of which uses the Fourier transform. This study proposes a modification of the method by adding an improved rotation to the Fourier transform. Improved rotation in this study uses increment rotation and three shear methods for the template image rotation process. The three shear rotation method has the advantage of precise and noise-free rotation results, making the template matching process even more accurate. Based on the experimental results, the use of 10°angle increments has increased template matching accuracy. In addition, the use of three shear rotations can improve the accuracy of template matching by 13% without prolonging the processing time.
{"title":"Template Matching Using Improved Rotations Fourier Transform Method","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.143898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.143898","url":null,"abstract":"—Template matching is a process to identify and localize a template image on an original image. Several methods are commonly used for template matching, one of which uses the Fourier transform. This study proposes a modification of the method by adding an improved rotation to the Fourier transform. Improved rotation in this study uses increment rotation and three shear methods for the template image rotation process. The three shear rotation method has the advantage of precise and noise-free rotation results, making the template matching process even more accurate. Based on the experimental results, the use of 10°angle increments has increased template matching accuracy. In addition, the use of three shear rotations can improve the accuracy of template matching by 13% without prolonging the processing time.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"203 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141268
—In today’s fast -paced world, where everyone/everything is moving towards an online platform, the need to provide high-speed data to all is inevitable. Hence, introducing the emerging 5G technology with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated with massive MIMO technology is the need of the hour. A 640 port Massive MIMO (m-MIMO) antenna with high evenly spread gain and very low delay, along with a practically possible data rate operating in the mm waveband, is proposed for a 5G base station. The individual antenna element consists of a dipole (λ=0.5cm) designed to opera te at 57GHz. Placing the cylindrical MIMO antenna array (8x20) facing the four directions forming the m-MIMO antenna (160x4) at the height of 3m from ground level for simulation. Achievement of a maximum gain of 23.14dBi (θ=90▫) and a minimum data rate of 1.44Gbps with -10dB bandwidth of 2.1GHz (256-QAM) approximately a distance of 478m from the 5G Base station. The m-MIMO structure gives an Envelope Correlation Coefficient of 0.015. The propagation analysis is carried out to substantiate the performance of the proposed system based on field strength and received power. Network Analysis for better reception performance is carried out by changing the antenna height placement, altering the down tilt of the antenna array, and sweeping the polarization angle of the antenna array.
{"title":"Propagation and Network Analysis for a Dipole Based Massive Mimo Antenna for 5G Base Stations","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141268","url":null,"abstract":"—In today’s fast -paced world, where everyone/everything is moving towards an online platform, the need to provide high-speed data to all is inevitable. Hence, introducing the emerging 5G technology with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing integrated with massive MIMO technology is the need of the hour. A 640 port Massive MIMO (m-MIMO) antenna with high evenly spread gain and very low delay, along with a practically possible data rate operating in the mm waveband, is proposed for a 5G base station. The individual antenna element consists of a dipole (λ=0.5cm) designed to opera te at 57GHz. Placing the cylindrical MIMO antenna array (8x20) facing the four directions forming the m-MIMO antenna (160x4) at the height of 3m from ground level for simulation. Achievement of a maximum gain of 23.14dBi (θ=90▫) and a minimum data rate of 1.44Gbps with -10dB bandwidth of 2.1GHz (256-QAM) approximately a distance of 478m from the 5G Base station. The m-MIMO structure gives an Envelope Correlation Coefficient of 0.015. The propagation analysis is carried out to substantiate the performance of the proposed system based on field strength and received power. Network Analysis for better reception performance is carried out by changing the antenna height placement, altering the down tilt of the antenna array, and sweeping the polarization angle of the antenna array.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135680034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141279
Sebastian Urwan, Dominika R. Wysocka, Alicja Pietrzak, Krzysztof K. Cwalina
—To improve the user’s localization estimation in indoor and outdoor environment a novel radiolocalization system using deep learning dedicated to work both in indoor and outdoor environment is proposed. It is based on the radio signatures using radio signals of opportunity from LTE an WiFi networks. The measurements of channel state estimators from LTE network and from WiFi network are taken by using the developed application. The user’s position is calculated with a trained neural network system’s models. Additionally the influence of various number of measurements from LTE and WiFi networks in the input vector on the positioning accuracy was examined. From the results it can be seen that using hybrid deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method can result in localization error 24.3 m and 1.9 m lower comparing respectively to the GPS system and standalone deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method in indoor environment. What is more, the combination of LTE and WiFi signals measurement in an input vector results in better indoor and outdoor as well as floor classification accuracy and less positioning error comparing to the input vector consisting measurements from only LTE network or from only WiFi network.
{"title":"Position Estimation in Mixed Indoor-Outdoor Environment Using Signals of Opportunity and Deep Learning Approach","authors":"Sebastian Urwan, Dominika R. Wysocka, Alicja Pietrzak, Krzysztof K. Cwalina","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141279","url":null,"abstract":"—To improve the user’s localization estimation in indoor and outdoor environment a novel radiolocalization system using deep learning dedicated to work both in indoor and outdoor environment is proposed. It is based on the radio signatures using radio signals of opportunity from LTE an WiFi networks. The measurements of channel state estimators from LTE network and from WiFi network are taken by using the developed application. The user’s position is calculated with a trained neural network system’s models. Additionally the influence of various number of measurements from LTE and WiFi networks in the input vector on the positioning accuracy was examined. From the results it can be seen that using hybrid deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method can result in localization error 24.3 m and 1.9 m lower comparing respectively to the GPS system and standalone deep learning algorithm with a radio signatures method in indoor environment. What is more, the combination of LTE and WiFi signals measurement in an input vector results in better indoor and outdoor as well as floor classification accuracy and less positioning error comparing to the input vector consisting measurements from only LTE network or from only WiFi network.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"17 52","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
— An information security audit method (ISA) for a distributed computer network (DCN) of an informatization object (OBI) has been developed. Proposed method is based on the ISA procedures automation by using Bayesian networks (BN) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to assess the risks. It was shown that such a combination of BN and ANN makes it possible to quickly determine the actual risks for OBI information security (IS). At the same time, data from sensors of various hardware and software information security means (ISM) in the OBI DCS segments are used as the initial information. It was shown that the automation of ISA procedures based on the use of BN and ANN allows the DCN IS administrator to respond dynamically to threats in a real time manner, to promptly select effective countermeasures to protect the DCS.
{"title":"Automation of Information Security Risk Assessment","authors":"Berik Akhmetov, Valerii Lakhno, Vitalyi Chubaievskyi, Serhii Kaminskyi, Saltanat Adilzhanova, Moldir Ydyryshbayeva","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141273","url":null,"abstract":"— An information security audit method (ISA) for a distributed computer network (DCN) of an informatization object (OBI) has been developed. Proposed method is based on the ISA procedures automation by using Bayesian networks (BN) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to assess the risks. It was shown that such a combination of BN and ANN makes it possible to quickly determine the actual risks for OBI information security (IS). At the same time, data from sensors of various hardware and software information security means (ISM) in the OBI DCS segments are used as the initial information. It was shown that the automation of ISA procedures based on the use of BN and ANN allows the DCN IS administrator to respond dynamically to threats in a real time manner, to promptly select effective countermeasures to protect the DCS.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"8 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141284
Muhammad Kusban
—Various methods are used to obtain a superior palmprint recognition system. After selecting a palmprint image filter, using Gabor orientation scale pairs is an option to support the refinement of the verification process. Many researchers use the [8 × 5] pair for the value of the Gabor orientation scale in the field of palmprint recognition. However, from the experiments conducted, other Gabor pairs have more impact on system improvement. The problem is to get the most suitable value pairs for palmprint applications, so in this study, a comparison of seven kinds of Gabor pairs is carried out. This Gabor pair being compared applies using original images, PCA dimension reduction, and the Euclidean method. From the research that has been done, the pair of Gabor orientation scale [8 × 7] or image expansion of 56 will have the most significant impact compared to other pairs. Suppose the result of this Gabor pair is [8 × 7] by using other improvement systems, namely the 3W filter instead of the original image, KPCA to replace the PCA, and the cosine method in the matching method. In that case, it will increase the verification value by 99 . 611% . The trial value obtained can be an alternative method of choice for improving palmprint recognition.
{"title":"Palmprint Recognition Using Gabor-Based Scale Orientation","authors":"Muhammad Kusban","doi":"10.24425/ijet.2022.141284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ijet.2022.141284","url":null,"abstract":"—Various methods are used to obtain a superior palmprint recognition system. After selecting a palmprint image filter, using Gabor orientation scale pairs is an option to support the refinement of the verification process. Many researchers use the [8 × 5] pair for the value of the Gabor orientation scale in the field of palmprint recognition. However, from the experiments conducted, other Gabor pairs have more impact on system improvement. The problem is to get the most suitable value pairs for palmprint applications, so in this study, a comparison of seven kinds of Gabor pairs is carried out. This Gabor pair being compared applies using original images, PCA dimension reduction, and the Euclidean method. From the research that has been done, the pair of Gabor orientation scale [8 × 7] or image expansion of 56 will have the most significant impact compared to other pairs. Suppose the result of this Gabor pair is [8 × 7] by using other improvement systems, namely the 3W filter instead of the original image, KPCA to replace the PCA, and the cosine method in the matching method. In that case, it will increase the verification value by 99 . 611% . The trial value obtained can be an alternative method of choice for improving palmprint recognition.","PeriodicalId":13922,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications","volume":"104 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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