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Mobile (wireless) telecommunication sector: an Indian perspective and PESTLE analysis 移动(无线)电信行业:印度视角和 PESTLE 分析
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149577
Chandrahash Patel, Kunal Sinha
Revolutionary changes in how people interact while travelling at a distance have given rise to several mobile communication tactics. Numerous generations of Mobile telecommunications/telephony have progressed as 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and 6G (now under research). However, in the context of India, mobile telephony can be realized from 2G. The sector has directly or indirectly been impacted by political, social, economic, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) aspects. Therefore, the study objectives are first to discuss the (mobile) telecom sector evolution outline and, second, the factors that contributed to sectoral development by the PESTLE framework. The conceptual foundation of the work is secondary sources.
人们在远距离旅行时的互动方式发生了革命性的变化,催生了多种移动通信手段。移动通信/电话已发展到 1G、2G、3G、4G、5G 和 6G(目前正在研究中)等多个时代。但在印度,移动电话可以从 2G 开始实现。该行业直接或间接受到政治、社会、经济、技术、法律和环境(PESTLE)方面的影响。因此,研究目标首先是讨论(移动)电信行业的发展概况,其次是通过 PESTLE 框架讨论促进行业发展的因素。这项工作的概念基础是二手资料。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Doppler-Based Location Sensor on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 在无人飞行器上实现基于多普勒的定位传感器
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149605
Rafał Szczepanik
The article presents the first implementation of the Signal Doppler Frequency (SDF) location method on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) named Autonomous System of Location radio EmmiteRs (ASLER), employing a DJI Matrice UAV as its mobile platform for the radio sensor. The system is used for position estimation, i.e., determining the location coordinates of localized radio emitters. Such functionality is the basis of radio reconnaissance, electronic warfare, or combat systems, and many radio navigation systems. The ASLER localization procedure is based on the Doppler localization method, also known as the SDF. Its distinctive feature is the use of a single moving platform for localization. In addition, the SDF allows simultaneous localization of multiple emission sources, which is an innovative distinction compared to other solutions of this class. ASLER is the first autonomous implementation of the SDF method on a flying platform. This paper illustrates the hardware and software implementation of location sensor, and results of the first empirical studies.
文章介绍了信号多普勒频率(SDF)定位方法在无人飞行器(UAV)上的首次应用,该无人飞行器名为 "自主定位无线电发射器系统(ASLER)",采用了大疆Matrice无人飞行器作为无线电传感器的移动平台。该系统用于位置估计,即确定本地化无线电发射器的位置坐标。这种功能是无线电侦察、电子战或作战系统以及许多无线电导航系统的基础。ASLER 定位程序基于多普勒定位方法,也称为 SDF。其显著特点是使用单个移动平台进行定位。此外,SDF 允许同时定位多个发射源,这是与其他同类解决方案相比的创新之处。ASLER 是首个在飞行平台上自主实施 SDF 方法的系统。本文阐述了定位传感器的硬件和软件实现,以及首次实证研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Fractal dragon curve microstrip antenna for Dual-Band WLAN communications 用于双频无线局域网通信的分形龙形曲线微带天线
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149592
Karol Dragowski, Mateusz Pasternak
The growing usage of wireless networks and the reduction of device sizes requires the search for new solutions in antenna technology. This study presents a direct-fed microstrip antenna, which is based on the Dragon Curve fractal and operates at two resonances: 2.4 and 5 GHz, frequencies commonly used in wireless communications. The antenna dimensions are 4.25 by 2.84 cm. The simulated reflection coefficients for the resonances are -36.49 and -30.73 dB, while the measured values are -14.68 and -14.85 dB.
随着无线网络应用的日益广泛和设备尺寸的不断缩小,人们需要在天线技术方面寻找新的解决方案。本研究提出了一种基于龙形曲线分形的直馈微带天线,可在两个共振频率下工作:2.4 和 5 千兆赫,这是无线通信中常用的频率。天线尺寸为 4.25 x 2.84 厘米。谐振的模拟反射系数分别为 -36.49 和 -30.73 dB,而测量值分别为 -14.68 和 -14.85 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Beamforming in near-field - metaheuristic approach and experimental tests in an anechoic chamber 近场波束成形 - 元启发式方法和消声室实验测试
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149582
Agnieszka Wielgus, Bogusław Szlachetko, Michał Łuczyński
A set of microphones spatially arranged in space in a specific pattern is called a microphone array. It can be used to extract and enhance the signal of interest from its observation corrupted by other interfering signals, such as noise or to estimate the direction of arrival of a source. In this paper we focus on a problem in which the desired signal (speech signal) is interfered by other signal with fully overlapping bandwidth but with different localization. Our goal is to attenuate the interfering signal. We experimentally study the method in which microphones do not have to be equally spaced and all information regarding signal phase is hidden in a transfer function of the microphone. We focus on determining the microphones positions and FIR filter coefficients so that the actual output the beamformer is as close as possible to the desired one (the level of speech signal remains unchanged, while the interfering signal is attenuated) in the sense of ���� norm. To solve this problem, we use a metaheuristic algorithm. Next, we construct the array and make an experiment in anechoic chamber. The initial results of the experiment show that the proposed method can be applied for array designing.
在空间中按特定模式排列的一组麦克风称为麦克风阵列。它可用于从被其他干扰信号(如噪声)破坏的观测信号中提取和增强感兴趣的信号,或用于估计信号源的到达方向。在本文中,我们将重点讨论这样一个问题:所需信号(语音信号)受到带宽完全重叠但定位不同的其他信号的干扰。我们的目标是减弱干扰信号。我们通过实验研究了一种方法,在这种方法中,麦克风的间距不必相等,信号相位的所有信息都隐藏在麦克风的传递函数中。我们的重点是确定麦克风位置和 FIR 滤波器系数,以便波束成形器的实际输出尽可能接近 ���� 规范意义上的理想输出(语音信号电平保持不变,而干扰信号被衰减)。为了解决这个问题,我们采用了元启发式算法。接下来,我们构建了阵列,并在消声室中进行了实验。实验的初步结果表明,所提出的方法可用于阵列设计。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced optimization model decision efficient multi product retail 强化优化模型决策高效的多产品零售
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149594
Solly Aryza, Syahril Efendi, Poltak Sihombing, Sawaluddin
The success of businesses depends on factors such as cost management, improving product and service quality, and satisfying customer demands. This study has been conducted to optimize the distribution of multiple product and levels of product flow under uncertain condition. This involves developing a mathematical model that minimizes supply chain costs while maximizing customer satisfaction across different scenarios. This is enabled businesses to introduce omnichannel approaches that cover all social strata, tastes, and habits, allowing organizations to take greater control over pricing and product selection and receive precise feedback from the market and customers.
企业的成功取决于成本管理、提高产品和服务质量以及满足客户需求等因素。本研究的目的是在不确定条件下优化多种产品的分配和产品流水平。这涉及建立一个数学模型,在不同情况下最大限度地降低供应链成本,同时最大限度地提高客户满意度。这使企业能够引入涵盖所有社会阶层、品味和习惯的全渠道方法,使企业能够更好地控制定价和产品选择,并从市场和客户那里获得精确的反馈。
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引用次数: 0
Lossy coding and bitrate effects on changes in formant frequencies in Japanese and English speech signals 有损编码和比特率对日语和英语语音信号中声母频率变化的影响
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149584
M. Kucharski, Stefan Brachmański
Since speaker recognition and verification became heavily used technology, both in professional applications like forensics and more everyday ones, the question arose: what factors can impact results of those processes? One thing that may be important with respect to this subject is lossy coding, as some of the information contained in an original file is lost in the coding process. In the era of globalization, not only native languages or languages of neighboring countries are of interest to researchers, but also those quite far, especially from Asia – the biggest exporter of goods and services to Europe. Those economic relationships are usually connected with the interchange of personnel, which further shortens geographical distance. The article presents the results that are a continuation of research on the behavior of Japanese language formants. Earlier research focused on changes occurring for the first and second formants. This article presents changes observed for the third and fourth formants. The knowledge of these changes is indicated in the process of speaker identification in forensics using the spectrographic method. At the Department of Acoustics and Multimedia, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology and in many centers around the world, the auditoryspectrographic method is used, which is a combination of the aural and spectrographic methods. In the spectrographic part, a person is identified on the basis of a comparison of the formants’ trajectory.
自从扬声器识别和验证技术在取证等专业应用和更多日常应用中得到大量使用以来,问题就出现了:哪些因素会影响这些过程的结果?在这个问题上,有损编码可能是一个重要因素,因为在编码过程中会丢失原始文件中包含的一些信息。在全球化时代,研究人员感兴趣的不仅是母语或邻国的语言,还有那些相当遥远的语言,尤其是来自亚洲的语言--亚洲是欧洲最大的商品和服务出口国。这些经济关系通常与人员交流有关,从而进一步缩短了地理距离。本文介绍的结果是对日语声调行为研究的延续。早期的研究主要集中在第一和第二声母的变化上。本文介绍了观察到的第三和第四个声母的变化。对这些变化的了解有助于在使用光谱法进行法医鉴定的过程中识别说话人。弗罗茨瓦夫科技大学声学和多媒体系以及世界各地的许多中心都使用听觉光谱法,这是听觉法和光谱法的结合。在频谱法中,人的识别是基于对共振频率轨迹的比较。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of solar power public street lighting optimization with Pvsyst software in a residential complex area 利用 Pvsyst 软件分析住宅区太阳能公共街道照明的优化问题
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149604
I. Simanjuntak, Heryanto, Akhmad Wahyu Dani, Ketty Salamah, L. M. Silalahi, Marsuki
The duration of street light illumination on solarpowered public street lighting is often short-lived (decreased Tlol) due to exposure to near shading (loss irradiance) of 8.89% in residential complexes. Therefore, optimization of PV panels and battery components through PVsyst software simulation analysis is required. The simulation results after optimization showed that the PV array obtained 205 wp and a battery capacity of 62 ah (2 days of autonomy), resulting in a decrease in Tlol of 765 hours. While the Performance Ratio (PR) is 67.6%, there is an increase of 7.7%, and the sulfuric ratio is 93.6%, there is an increase in the energy supplied to users by 12.74% or 33.36 kWh.
由于住宅区的近遮光率(损失辐照度)为 8.89%,太阳能公共街道照明的路灯照明持续时间通常很短(Tlol 下降)。因此,需要通过 PVsyst 软件模拟分析对光伏电池板和电池组件进行优化。优化后的模拟结果显示,光伏阵列的发电量为 205 wp,电池容量为 62 ah(自主运行 2 天),使 Tlol 减少了 765 小时。性能比(PR)为 67.6%,增加了 7.7%,硫化比为 93.6%,为用户提供的能量增加了 12.74% 或 33.36 kWh。
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引用次数: 0
Objective assessment of the speech quality broadcasted by local Digital Radio in selected locations in Wroclaw 对弗罗茨瓦夫选定地点当地数字广播的语音质量进行客观评估
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149585
Stefan Brachmański, Maurycy Kin, Natalia Rurzyńska
The development of digital radio, observed in recent years, and the advantages offered by this medium are resulting in the expansion of the audience. In order to ensure the proper quality of broadcasting, it is necessary to monitor this quality. The assessment based on listening tests is very expensive and organizationally inconvenient. The development of methods for objective evaluation of signals makes it possible to monitor the quality of transmitted content, without the need for troublesome procedures associated with subjective evaluation. The good correlation of subjective evaluation and objective measurements in the transmission of perceptually encoded signals, reported in the literature, may allow for random quality monitoring. The authors decided to test the feasibility of using two objective evaluation methods to assess the quality of the speech signal transmitted on digital radio by comparing the results obtained with the subjective evaluation. The paper presents the results of objective measurements of speech quality transmitted via Digital Audio Broadcasting+ in Wroclaw agglomeration. Measurements have been done in various city sites in order to determine the influence of the location on speech quality. The obtained results of the assessment performed by the use of two methods of testing: PESQ and POLQA, allowed to find a correlation between the objective and subjective results of quality evaluations. The method of objective testing may be used for monitoring the quality of signals in Digital Audio Broadcasting networks especially spoken broadcasts.
近年来,数字广播的发展和这一媒体所带来的优势正在扩大受众范围。为了确保适当的广播质量,有必要对广播质量进行监测。以听力测试为基础的评估非常昂贵,在组织上也不方便。信号客观评估方法的开发使监测传输内容的质量成为可能,而无需进行与主观评估相关的麻烦程序。据文献报道,在传输感知编码信号时,主观评价和客观测量结果之间存在良好的相关性,因此可以进行随机质量监测。作者决定通过比较主观评价和客观评价的结果,测试使用两种客观评价方法评估数字无线电传输语音信号质量的可行性。本文介绍了对弗罗茨瓦夫城市群通过数字音频广播+传输的语音质量进行客观测量的结果。测量在不同的城市地点进行,以确定地点对语音质量的影响。评估结果通过两种测试方法得出:通过使用 PESQ 和 POLQA 两种测试方法得出的评估结果,可以发现客观和主观质量评估结果之间的相关性。客观测试方法可用于监测数字音频广播网络信号的质量,特别是口语广播。
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引用次数: 0
Support vector machine to criminal recidivism prediction 支持向量机预测累犯率
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149598
O. Kovalchuk, Ruslan Shevchuk, Ludmila Babala, M. Kasianchuk
Internal security of the state is one of the prerequisites for sustainable development. To ensure the public safety and personal security of citizens, it is necessary to develop effective measures to reduce crime and prevent crime in the future. The starting point for the development and practical implementation of an effective strategy to combat crime or prevent certain crimes is criminological forecasting. Individual forecasting is aimed at determining the possibility of committing a crime (crimes) in the future by a certain person or group of persons. For risk assessment, the following are traditionally used machine learning models. Such models also provide qualitative assessments in the scientific prediction of the likelihood and possibilities of committing a repeat criminal offense. Knowledge gained from the application of machine learning algorithm, can provide justice authorities with anticipatory information that is essential for developing a general concept of combating crime. The development of applied models for crime analysis and forecasting can become a reliable tool to support decision-making in predicting likely criminal behavior in the future and ensuring the internal security of the state. In this paper, the results of the application are presented by the machine-learning algorithms Support Vector Machine (SVM) for assessment of the risk of recidivism of criminal offenses by persons who have already been convicted of such a crime in the past. The data set consisted of the 12,000 criminal defendants’ criminal profile information in Ukraine. The constructed classifier has a high precision (98.67%), recall (97.53%) and is qualitative (AUC is equal 0.981). The created SVM model can be applied to new data set to predict the risk of reoffending by convicted individuals in the future.
国家内部安全是可持续发展的先决条件之一。为了确保公共安全和公民的人身安全,有必要制定有效措施来减少犯罪和预防未来的犯罪。制定和切实执行打击犯罪或预防某些犯罪的有效战略的出发点是犯罪学预测。个人预测的目的是确定某个人或某群人在未来实施犯罪(犯罪行为)的可能性。在风险评估方面,传统上使用以下机器学习模型。此类模型还可在科学预测重复刑事犯罪的可能性和可能性方面提供定性评估。通过应用机器学习算法获得的知识,可以为司法当局提供预测信息,这些信息对于制定打击犯罪的总体概念至关重要。开发用于犯罪分析和预测的应用模型可以成为一种可靠的工具,为预测未来可能发生的犯罪行为和确保国家内部安全提供决策支持。本文介绍了机器学习算法支持向量机(SVM)的应用结果,用于评估过去已被判定犯有刑事罪的人再犯刑事罪的风险。数据集包括乌克兰 12,000 名刑事被告的犯罪档案信息。所构建的分类器具有较高的精确度(98.67%)、召回率(97.53%)和定性(AUC 等于 0.981)。所创建的 SVM 模型可应用于新的数据集,以预测被定罪者未来再次犯罪的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Space 4.0 – a common, democratic European space 太空 4.0--民主的欧洲共同太空
IF 0.5 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2024.149606
Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Piotr Orleański
Regardless of differences in political views on the scope and depth of the European integration, there are so many areas of possible and very beneficial integration that it is difficult to include them all in the area of controversy. One such area of necessary and extremely profitable European integration is, among others, space. Unless we go back a few decades and consider space, even today, to be the pride only of those nations that have overcome the space barrier. This would be an absurdity difficult to imagine in today's Europe. Space 4.0 is, in its shortest definition and in relation to European context, a great, long-term effort by our entire community to democratize space over Europe. It was high time for ESA to make this decision in 2016. Space 4.0 is a large sector project with general social ambitions, contributing to the Industry 4.0 project and the idea of European Society 4.0. Europe was maturing for this decision on many levels: political, social, but mainly economic and competitive. We will soon celebrate the 10th anniversary of this decision, so we would like to remind again where we direct our European space dreams, and maybe it is time for a slightly earlier summary of activities during this period of almost a decade, especially from our Polish, perhaps slightly subjective perspective. The Polish version of this article is published concurrently in Elektronika journal by SEP - Assoc.Pol.El.Eng.
尽管在欧洲一体化的广度和深度问题上存在着不同的政治观点,但有许多领域都有可能实现非常有益的一体化,因此很难将其全部纳入争议范围。欧洲一体化的一个必要且极为有利的领域就是太空。除非我们回到几十年前,认为即使在今天,太空也只是那些已经克服了太空障碍的国家的骄傲。这在今天的欧洲是难以想象的荒谬。太空 4.0 最简单的定义是,在欧洲范围内,我们整个社会为实现欧洲太空民主化所做的伟大而长期的努力。欧空局在2016年做出这一决定正当其时。太空4.0是一个具有普遍社会抱负的大型部门项目,有助于工业4.0项目和欧洲社会4.0理念。为了做出这一决定,欧洲在政治、社会,但主要是经济和竞争等多个层面都日趋成熟。我们很快将迎来这一决定的十周年,因此我们想再次提醒大家,我们的欧洲太空梦指向何方,也许是时候对这近十年间的活动做一个稍早的总结了,特别是从我们波兰人的角度,也许是稍显主观的角度。本文的波兰语版本同时发表在波兰电子工程协会(SEP)的《电子工程》(Elektronika)杂志上。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
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