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Spatiotemporal temperature distribution in the canopy of summer-to-autumn flowering chrysanthemum under different zone cooling methods 不同降温方式下夏秋花菊冠层温度的时空分布
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/159164
D. Yasutake, Tomoyo Yanagisawa, K. Shiraishi, Takuro Suyama, Hiroshi Matsui, G. Yokoyama, T. Hirota
. Abstract. Avoiding high-temperature stress effectively can ensure sufficient plant production in hot seasons. Therefore, we proposed the use of zone cooling to decrease the temperatures around the chrysanthemum canopy using a heat pump and duct at the bottom (base cooling), top (top cooling), and above (above-top cooling) the canopy. The spatiotemporal distribution of temperatures (air, leaf, and stem temperatures) was measured under the various zone cooling treatments applied, and compared with those under the treatments which were not subjected to cooling (no cooling) and were entirely cooled (entire cooling). The air temperature around the targeted cooling regions and some plant temperatures declined substantially under the base and top cooling treatments at night, but such a decline was not observed with the above-top cooling treatment. During the day, the cooled region under top cooling was directly affected by solar radiation, but this region was unaffected under the base cooling treatment. The cold air was maintained at the bottom. The results indicate that solar radiation substantially influenced spatiotemporal tem - perature distribution. Moreover, base cooling was found to be the most effective method during both day and night. Thus, this study examines the spatiotemporal temperature distribution under zone cooling methods in the chrysanthemum canopy, thereby advanc-ing our understanding of the fundamental knowledge required for the establishment of a practical zone cooling system.
摘要有效避免高温胁迫可以确保植物在炎热季节有充足的产量。因此,我们建议使用区域冷却来降低菊花冠层周围的温度,在冠层底部(底部冷却)、顶部(顶部冷却)和顶部(顶部以上冷却)使用热泵和管道。在应用的各种区域冷却处理下测量温度的时空分布(空气、叶片和茎部温度),并与未进行冷却(未冷却)和完全冷却(完全冷却)的处理下的温度进行比较。在夜间的基础和顶部冷却处理下,目标冷却区域周围的空气温度和一些植物温度显著下降,但在上述顶部冷却处理中没有观察到这种下降。白天,顶部冷却下的冷却区域直接受到太阳辐射的影响,但底部冷却处理下该区域不受影响。冷空气保持在底部。结果表明,太阳辐射对时空温度分布有显著影响。此外,基础冷却被发现是白天和晚上最有效的方法。因此,本研究考察了区域冷却方法下菊花冠层的时空温度分布,从而有助于我们理解建立实用区域冷却系统所需的基本知识。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical, biological and respirometry properties of soil under perennial crops fertilized with digestate 施用消化物的多年生作物土壤的化学、生物和呼吸特性
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/158897
W. Radawiec, J. Gołaszewski, B. Kalisz, S. Przemieniecki
. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thea digestate which originated fromon a widely cul - tivated perennial crop ( Miscanthus giganteus ). Cchanges in the physicochemical properties of the soil, the abundance of soil microorganisms, and soil respiration were all assessed. Three types of digestate: fresh in the liquid form, processed – dried and pyrolysed, were tested and compared with mineral fertilization and an unfertilized control. Soil samples were taken in spring 2014, summer 2015 and autumn 2016. In total, 14 variables were analysed: total carbon, hot water extractable carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, pH, bacteria, fungi, O 2 intake, CO 2 emission, total carbon mineralized after 7- and 100-day-long respiration. Overall, regardless of the form of the digestate, the chemical parameters of the soil improved, although the extent of the improvement depended on the applied form of the digestate. The highest TC 12.79, N 1.29, K 257.95 and P 149.96 g kg –1 DM were determined in the plots fertilized with biochar. All digestate forms had a positive influence on the bacte - rial DNA abundance, and biochar also affected the abundance of the fungal DNA and the potential carbon sequestration in the soil. Pyrolysed digestate may have a particular value in the fertilization of perennial industrial crops.
. 本研究的目的是评价源自广泛种植的多年生作物芒草(Miscanthus giganteus)的消化液的效果。评估了土壤理化性质、土壤微生物丰度和土壤呼吸的变化。对三种类型的消化液进行了测试,并与矿物施肥和未施肥的对照进行了比较。土壤样品分别于2014年春季、2015年夏季和2016年秋季采集。总共分析了14个变量:总碳、热水可提取碳、总氮、C/N比、磷、镁、钾、pH、细菌、真菌、O摄入量、CO 2排放量、7天和100天呼吸后矿化的总碳。总的来说,不管消化剂的形式如何,土壤的化学参数都有所改善,尽管改善的程度取决于消化剂的应用形式。生物炭处理的ct12.79、N 1.29、K 257.95和P 149.96 g kg -1 DM最高。所有消化形式都对细菌DNA丰度有积极影响,生物炭也影响真菌DNA丰度和土壤中潜在的碳固存。热解消化物在多年生工业作物的施肥中可能具有特殊的价值。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of dietary fibre waste originating from food production on the gluten structure in common wheat dough 食品生产中产生的膳食纤维废弃物对普通小麦面团面筋结构的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/159236
A. Nawrocka, P. Zarzycki, Konrad Kłosok, Renata Welc, A. Wirkijowska, D. Teterycz
. At present, the use of by-products from plant food production is gaining more interest because these products contain a large amount of valuable nutritional compounds e.g. dietary fibre, proteins, polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins. The by-products improve both the nutritional profile and the health-promoting properties of bakery products but simultaneously impair some technological properties, which is strongly related to the structure of the gluten network. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the gluten structure through the addition of by-products from the vegetable industry and cold oil pressing production. The supplements were added to the common wheat dough in the amounts of 3, 6, 9 and 12%. Analysis of the spectra indicates that changes in the gluten structure and the distribution of water populations are connected with the type of technological process from which the supplement originated and hence its chemical composition. Vegetable supplements cause the formation of aggregated structures such as pseudo-β-sheets, whereas gluten samples modified by oil supplements contain mainly basic secondary structures i.e. α-helices, β-turns and antiparallel-β-sheets. With regard to the water populations, oil supplements do not affect them or affect them slightly. Vegetable supplements lead to the formation of a weaker gluten network. This is observed in the form of a decrease in the number of strong hydrogen bonds
目前,植物性食品生产副产品的使用越来越受到关注,因为这些产品含有大量有价值的营养化合物,如膳食纤维、蛋白质、多酚、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素。副产品改善了烘焙产品的营养特性和健康促进特性,但同时损害了一些技术特性,这与面筋网络的结构密切相关。FT-IR光谱用于测定通过添加来自蔬菜工业和冷油压榨生产的副产品而引起的面筋结构的变化。将补充剂以3%、6%、9%和12%的量添加到普通小麦面团中。光谱分析表明,面筋结构和水分种群分布的变化与补充剂产生的工艺过程类型以及其化学成分有关。蔬菜补充剂会形成聚集结构,如假β-片,而油补充剂改性的面筋样品主要含有基本的二级结构,即α-螺旋、β-匝和反平行β-片。关于水的种群,补油对它们没有影响或影响很小。蔬菜补充剂会形成较弱的面筋网络。这是以强氢键数量减少的形式观察到的
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引用次数: 1
Conservation agriculture augments water uptake in wheat: Evidence from modelling 保护性农业增加小麦的水分吸收:来自模型的证据
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156829
S. Mondal, D. Chakraborty, P. Aggarwal, T. Das
. Field water balance and root water uptake in wheat were simulated with Hydrus-2D after a 7-year transition to conservation agriculture. The zero-tilled system with a 40% anchored residue improved soil structure and porosity. Water retention was augmented for most of the growing period, especially in the subsurface (15-30 cm), which was essentially a compact layer (penetration resistance >2 500 kPa). The lower soil strength allowed the roots to extend further as compared to conventional tillage. The loss in drainage was reduced by 54-74% over the season using zero tillage with residue. Improved initial crop establishment led to a higher leaf area index and also to an enhanced interception of photosynthetically active radiation. Soil evaporation was also reduced, and root water uptake was 14-17% higher in zero tillage with residue. The grain yield was 17% higher in zero tillage with residue with a marginally higher crop water uptake efficiency. The adoption of conservation agriculture opti - mized water uptake in wheat by the improving physical condition of the soil and plant water availability. Hydrus-2D was used to successfully simulate the soil water balance and root water uptake in wheat under conservation agriculture. Conservation agriculture requires a redesign of irrigation scheduling, unlike in conventional practice. The simulation of water balance in the soil will aid in irrigation water management in the wheat crop in order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency under conservation agriculture.
. 利用Hydrus-2D模拟小麦向保护性农业转型7年后的田间水分平衡和根系水分吸收。含有40%锚定残留物的免耕系统改善了土壤结构和孔隙度。在生长的大部分时间里,保水能力增强,特别是在地下(15-30 cm),这基本上是一个致密的层(渗透阻力>2 500 kPa)。与传统耕作相比,较低的土壤强度允许根系进一步延伸。采用免耕留茬的方法,本季排水损失减少了54-74%。改良的初熟作物导致更高的叶面积指数,也增加了光合有效辐射的截获。免耕残耕土壤蒸发量减少,根系吸水量提高14-17%。免耕留茬籽粒产量提高17%,作物吸水效率略高。保护性农业的采用通过改善土壤物理条件和植物水分有效性来优化小麦的水分吸收。利用Hydrus-2D成功模拟了保护性农业条件下小麦土壤水分平衡和根系水分吸收。与传统做法不同,保护性农业需要重新设计灌溉计划。土壤水分平衡的模拟将有助于小麦作物的灌溉用水管理,从而在保护性农业条件下实现更高的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of the Nitrates Directive and its influence on the baking value of winter wheat 硝酸盐指令的实施及其对冬小麦烘烤值的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156085
Anna Szafrańska, G. Podolska, Edyta Aleksandrowicz, A. Sułek
. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of lowering nitrogen fertilization on the baking value of winter wheat cultivars and it also serves as a response to the implementation of the Nitrates Directive. Nine wheat cultivars were tested, which represented four technological groups that are included in the Polish National List of Agricultural Plant Varieties. The wheat was cultivated over a period of two seasons as a two-factor field experiment designed to utilize the method of randomized blocks, in four replicates. Two distinct applications of nitrogen fertilizer were adopted in the experiment: 120 and 200 kg ha -1 N. The Zeleny index, the quantity of protein and gluten, and the alveograph characteristics were determined in order to assess the baking value of t he wheat. Lowering the level of nitrogen fertilization to 120 kg ha -1 N caused a negative effect on the quality of the wheat, with regard to a lower Zeleny index, protein and gluten quantity. The alveograph parameters were affected by wheat cultivars while the nitrogen dose applied and the crop year had no effect. Lowering the degree of nitrogen fertilization of wheat crops to comply with the Nitrates Directive implementation may cause the production of wheat with a lower protein quantity which is a crucial parameter in grain trading. However, the reduction in nitrogen fertilization causes only a slight, statistical non-significant reduction in the alveograph characteristics of wheat flour dough
. 本研究的目的是确定降低氮肥对冬小麦品种烘烤值的影响,同时也作为对硝酸盐指令实施的回应。对9个小麦品种进行了测试,它们代表了波兰国家农业植物品种清单中的四个技术组。采用随机区组法,采用双因素田间试验方法,分4个重复进行2个季节的小麦栽培。试验采用120和200 kg ha -1 n两种不同的施氮量,测定小麦的泽莱尼指数、蛋白质和面筋含量以及肺泡特征,以评价小麦的烘烤价值。当施氮量降至120 kg / h -1 N时,小麦品质受到负面影响,Zeleny指数、蛋白质和面筋含量均下降。小麦品种对肺泡参数有影响,施氮量和作物年份对肺泡参数无影响。为符合硝酸盐指令的实施而降低小麦作物的氮肥施用程度,可能导致小麦产量的蛋白质含量降低,而蛋白质含量是粮食贸易的关键参数。然而,氮肥的减少只会导致小麦粉面团的肺泡特征有轻微的、统计上不显著的降低
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引用次数: 1
A delay in the senescence during a rehydration following soil drought is a precondition for limiting yield loss in triticale 土壤干旱后再水化过程中延缓衰老是限制小黑麦产量损失的先决条件
4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156670
Agnieszka Ostrowska, Michał Dziurka, Katarzyna Hura, Tomasz Hura
1. Ainsworth E.A. and Long S.P., 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytol., 165, 351-372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469.... CrossRef Google Scholar
1. Ainsworth e.a和Long S.P, 2005。我们从15年的自由空气二氧化碳富集(FACE)中学到了什么?光合作用、冠层特性和植物产量对CO2升高响应的meta分析综述。新植醇。, 165, 351 - 372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469..。交叉参考谷歌学术
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引用次数: 1
Long-term contrasting tillage in Cambisol: effect on water-stable aggregates, macropore network and soil chemical properties Cambisol长期对照耕作对水稳性团聚体、大孔网络和土壤化学性质的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156632
Mykola Kochiieru, V. Feiza, D. Feiziene, K. Lamorski, I. Deveikyte, V. Seibutis, S. Pranaitiene
. Abstract. The aggregate stability of the soil is subject to the influence of anthropogenic factors and is of great interest all over the world. The research aimed to quantify the correlations between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, soil macropore parameters and water-stable aggregates under no-tillage and conventional tillage in Cambisol. The content of water-stable aggregates and macroporosity tended to increase in the following order: conventional tillage (returned residues) < conventional tillage (removed residues) < no-tillage (removed residues) < no-tillage (returned residues) in both fertilizations. The relationships between total nitrogen and various soil factors were investigated: soil organic carbon (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), total phosphorus (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), were statistically significant. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were positively correlated with water-stable aggregates (r = 0.81, p < 0.01 and r = 0.68, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas the relationship between total potassium and water-stable aggregates was negative. The relationship between total phosphorus and water-stable aggregates (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) was positive. The soil chemical properties, macropores and water-stable aggregates that were averaged across the residues and fertilizations were higher in no-tillage than in conventional tillage. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus all had a positive direct influence on the formation of water-stable aggregates under different tillage conditions. Since our results are largely based on correlations, the mechanisms of interaction between the soil chemical properties, water-stable aggregates and the formation of pores in the soil need to be explored further in future investigations.
摘要土壤的总体稳定性受到人为因素的影响,在世界各地都引起了人们的极大兴趣。本研究旨在量化免耕和常规耕作条件下土壤有机碳、总氮、总磷和总钾、土壤大孔参数和水稳性团聚体之间的相关性。两次施肥中,水稳性团聚体含量和大孔率均呈以下顺序增加:常规耕作(返茬)<常规耕作(除茬)<免耕(除渣)>免耕(回茬)。研究了总氮与土壤各因子的关系:土壤有机碳(r=0.65,p<0.05)、总磷(r=0.65,p<0.05),具有统计学意义。土壤有机碳和总氮与水稳定团聚体呈正相关(分别为r=0.81,p<0.01和r=0.68,p<0.05),而总钾与水稳定聚合体呈负相关。总磷与水稳性团聚体呈正相关(r=0.62,p<0.05)。免耕的土壤化学性质、大孔隙和水稳性团聚体在残留物和施肥中的平均值高于传统耕作。在不同耕作条件下,土壤有机碳、总氮和总磷对水稳性团聚体的形成都有积极的直接影响。由于我们的研究结果在很大程度上是基于相关性的,因此在未来的研究中,需要进一步探索土壤化学性质、水稳性团聚体和土壤孔隙形成之间的相互作用机制。
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引用次数: 0
DEM modeling of wood sawdust compaction and breakage strength of pellets determined in diametral compression test 木屑压实的DEM建模和径向压缩试验中确定的颗粒破碎强度
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156086
J. Horabik, Maciej Bańda, V. Vozárová, Ľ. Kubík, M. Stasiak
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引用次数: 0
Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall 自由落体时对鹰嘴豆种子的冲击损伤
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156049
Farzad Delfan, F. Shahbazi, Hamid Reza Esvand
shahbazi.f@lu.ac.ir
shahbazi.f@lu.ac.ir
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引用次数: 3
Effects of mechanical differences in sugarcane on the quality of mechanical harvesting 甘蔗机械性状差异对机械收获品质的影响
IF 2.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.31545/intagr/156026
Zhi Li, Shiyan Li, Zhaoli Lin, Huan Zhang
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Agrophysics
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